英语基本句型之一：主系表结构
主系表结构的句式
主系表结构的句式一、主系表结构概述写一个句子，其目的是对人、物、事进行描述。
由此，我们可以得出这样一个结论，即：一个句子包括两个部分：描述对象部分和描述内容部分。
描述对象，即：我们要描述的人、物、事，语法上称为主语；描述对象，即：我们对描述对象的具体表述。
在系表结构中，描述内容称为表语，表示主语的身份、属性、状态等。
系动词，又叫连系动词（linking verb），顾名思义，这种动词本身并不表示具体的动作，在句子中起着连接主语和表语的作用。
由此，就构成了“主+系+表”这种句型。
既然能通过“系动词”把“主”和“表”连系起来，这就要求“主”和“表”是一致的，即在人称、属性等方面是有共性的，而不是相互排斥的。
我们可以简单理解为：主=系（等于号）或主≈表（约等于号）。
（等号和约等于号，是理解系表结构的关键。
抓住这层关系是彻底领悟该句型的核心！）二、be为系动词的主系表结构be为系动词的主系表结构，即句型结构为：主+be+表。
关于be 作系动词，笔者在头条有文章详细讲述过，可参阅：（主+be+表句型，3句话，轻松搞定）。
这里简单说一下。
be无实际意义，仅起连系主表作用，但不可丢失。
这一点对于初学者尤其需要重视。
描述对象是人、物、事，比较容易理解，对于描述对象（表语），这里总结出三种最简单，也是最需要掌握的表语。
1、表语来表示主语“是什么”例句：我哥是老师。
My brother is a teacher.2、表语表示主语“怎么了”例句：我累了。
I am tired.3、表语表示主语“在哪里”例句：他的自行车在树下。
His bike is under the tree.总结：①在“主+be+表”结构中，be相当于“=”；②be千万不可丢，尤其是表语用来表示主语“怎么了”和“在哪里”这两种情况。
三、非be系动词的主系表结构be相当于“=”（等于号），那么非be就相当于“≈”（约等于号）。
所谓“≈”，即非be系动词：一则起着连系主表的作用；二则本身还有一定的含义。
主系表结构
Our duty is to make our environment better.(动词不定式）
练习：找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指
。 出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的
▪ 1、 Tom is a student. ▪ 2 、He is fat. ▪ 3、 I am tired . ▪ 4 、We are students. ▪ 5、 The bag was lost . ▪ 6、 They were kind.
Yes , they _a_re_ . 5.I _a_m__ seven years old .
二、按要求完成句子. 1.This is an apple .(变为复数) These are apples. 2.Those apples are red .(变为否定句)
Those apples are not red. 3.These books are new .
▪ 4、保持系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand
▪ 初中要求12个 be， keep， seem， get ， feel ，smell ，taste ，look ，sound， become， turn ，go
系动词
目前学到的系动词有：be、feel、look、 sound、taste、seem、smell(感官动词）， turn、get、become(当“变”的意思讲） eg: This flower is beautiful . eg: I felt very tired . eg: You look worried . eg:He always kept silent at meeting. eg:He became mad after that
主系表结构
主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语）结构所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
一．主语（Subject ）主语是五种基本句型都具备的，是一句话的中心。
从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”；从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，表示所说的是谁或是什么，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。
主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。
英语中主语一般不省略。
例如：Li Lei is a Chinese boy. （Li Lei 是名词，作主语。
）He is from England. （He 是代词，作主语。
）Feeding the birds is my hobby. （“Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语，作主语。
）What she said is right. （“What she said ”是从句，作主语。
）二．系动词（Link verb ）系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。
简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。
系动词的数量是有限的，其分类及用法如下：1. 状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，是最重要的系动词，主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。
通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。
特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。
前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语。
如：The door was closed. 后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。
如：The door was closed by me. 还要注意“由be+ V-ing”所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。
五种基本句型-主系表结构
五种基本句型--主系表结构主（语）＋系（动词）＋表(语）主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的.从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”.从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象",后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。
主语一般是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且详细讨论）系动词是联系动词的简称,顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。
系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go三、感官动词类：眼(look ）耳（sound）鼻(smell)舌（taste)身(feel）四、表示延续性的动词:remain 、stay 、keep表语从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面(系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词,就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。
二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。
表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。
上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍,其中,系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志,看到了系动词,也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表,因此，记住系动词非常重要.练习找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的.1 Tom is a student。
2 He is fat。
3 I am tired 。
4 We are students。
5 The bag was lost .6 The boy was foolish 。
7 They were kind。
8 She is in the room.9 The books are on the desk.10 Snow is white.11 Kate was here yesterday.12 My father became a teacher in 1978。
英语学习中的六种基本句型结构
Ｖ（及物）
Ｏ（宾语）
Ｃ（宾补）
1. We
2. They
3. They
4. They
5. What
6. We
7. He
8. I
keep
painted
call
found
makes
saw
asked
saw
the table
the door
him
the house
him
him
me
them
clean.
green.
Ｓ
Ｖ（及物）
O间接宾语
（常用于人）
O直接宾语
（常用于物）
1. She
2. She
3. She
4. He
5. I
6. I
7. I
8. He
9.John
passed
cooked
brought
bought
told
gave
gave
showed
sent
him
her
her husbandyouFra bibliotekher
him
him
（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
例如：He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.
Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me
9. They haven’t decided where to gonext.主+谓+宾
最新整理英语基本句型之一：主系表结构只是分享
英语基本句型讲练1. 主系表结构：主语+系动词+表语Link verbs: be, look, feel, sound, seem, taste, smell, become, go, turn, get, grow, prove, fall, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, turn oute.g. 1) Smith is a boss/over 40/ smart/ in a room/ to go to see a film/ excited/out2) Her job is looking after the baby.3) This dictionary is not hers but mine.4) She looks happy/ felt happy/ fell ill/ went mad.5) It is no use/ useless doing it now.2. Exx.(高考书面表达P6)Grammar Link verbs系动词又叫连系动词：它是中学英语中的重要语法项目之一，也是历届高考考查重点和热点。
I：用法连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。
II：分类英语中最常用的连系动词有20个左右，一般分为四类：1：“存在”类：表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。
这类连系动词强调“存在”。
常见的有：be (是)，seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，prove (证明是) 等。
例如：You are a student, aren’t you?你是学生，对吗？He is very disappointed with the results of his examinations.他对考试结果很失望。
Who looks after your dog while you are out? 你不在家谁来照料你的小狗？The theory he stuck to proved (to be) correct.他所坚持的理论证明是正确的。
英语基本句型之一：主系表结构
英语基本句型讲练1。
主系表结构:主语+系动词+表语Link verbs: be, look，feel，sound, seem, taste，smell，become，go，turn，get，grow，prove，fall，keep, remain, stay, lie，stand，turn oute.g. 1）Smith is a boss/over 40/ smart/ in a room/ to go to see a film/ excited/out2）Her job is looking after the baby.3) This dictionary is not hers but mine。
4）She looks happy/ felt happy/ fell ill/ went mad。
5）It is no use/ useless doing it now。
2. Exx.（高考书面表达P6）Grammar Link verbs系动词又叫连系动词：它是中学英语中的重要语法项目之一，也是历届高考考查重点和热点。
I:用法连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样.II：分类英语中最常用的连系动词有20个左右，一般分为四类：1：“存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在".常见的有:be (是）, seem（似乎是)，appear（似乎、显得),prove （证明是）等.例如:You are a student, aren't you?你是学生，对吗？He is very disappointed with the results of his examinations。
他对考试结果很失望。
Who looks after your dog while you are out？你不在家谁来照料你的小狗?The theory he stuck to proved (to be）correct。
英语五大基本句型结构
英语五大基本句型结构基本句型一：SV（主＋谓）Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词（英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。
不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of,at 后方可跟上宾语。
具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了，如listen to,look at….），不及物动词常见的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise 如：The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。
基本句型二:SVP(主谓表)(好像有的叫SVC（主系表）——Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋redicate(表语)（表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。
这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。
如：This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很差。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。
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英语基本句型讲练1. 主系表结构：主语+系动词+表语Link verbs: be, look, feel, sound, seem, taste, smell, become, go, turn, get, grow, prove, fall, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, turn oute.g. 1) Smith is a boss/over 40/ smart/ in a room/ to go to see a film/ excited/out2) Her job is looking after the baby.3) This dictionary is not hers but mine.4) She looks happy/ felt happy/ fell ill/ went mad.5) It is no use/ useless doing it now.2. Exx.(高考书面表达P6)Grammar Link verbs系动词又叫连系动词：它是中学英语中的重要语法项目之一，也是历届高考考查重点和热点。
I：用法连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。
表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。
II：分类英语中最常用的连系动词有20个左右，一般分为四类：1：“存在”类：表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。
这类连系动词强调“存在”。
常见的有：be (是)，seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，prove (证明是) 等。
例如：You are a student, aren’t you?你是学生，对吗？He is very disappointed with the results of his examinations.他对考试结果很失望。
Who looks after your dog while you are out? 你不在家谁来照料你的小狗？The theory he stuck to proved (to be) correct.他所坚持的理论证明是正确的。
The maths problem seems difficult. 这道数学题似乎很难。
She appears much younger than she really is. 她看上去比实际上年轻。
（be动词，其后面可以是名词、形容词、分词、副词、介词短语等作表语）2：感官（动词）类表示感情状态的五个感官动词：look看上去, feel摸起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来, sound听起来: （它们一般不用进行时，也不用被动态）You looks very happy today, what’s the good news? 你今天看来很高兴，什么好消息？What you said sounds reasonable? 你说的话听起来很有道理。
The apple tastes good and sells well. 这苹果尝起来很甜，而且很好卖The dish smelled good(sweet)．那道菜闻起来好香。
3：“持续”类：表示某种情况或状态的持续。
这类连系动词强调“持续”。
常见的有：remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(继续、仍旧)，stand(处于某状况或情形)等。
例如：Why don't you put the meat in the fridge？It will stay fresh for several days.为什么不把肉放在冰箱里？那样可以保鲜好几天。
It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?已经10点了，这商店还关着门。
怎么回事？Keep still while I photograph you.我在给你照相时不要乱动。
The weather continued cold.天气持续寒冷。
My father continues in good health.我爸依旧身体健康The door stood open. 门开着。
4. “变化”类：表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。
这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态。
常见的有：become (变成)，turn (变成)，grow (变得)，go (变得)等。
例如：Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则会变坏的。
Spring comes and the trees turn green. 春天来了，树叶变绿了。
It is five years since he became a soldier.他参军五年了。
注意：1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。
如：feel，taste等词。
2. 一般情况下，连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。
例如：Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over bya car.3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有：be, become, appear, seem, prove,remain和turn等。
The population growth in China remains a problem.中国的人口增长依然是个问题。
He went to New York in 1986, where some time later he became a writer.他1986年去了纽约，过了一段时间他在那成了一位作家。
注：t urn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时，不加冠词。
例如：Twenty years later, he turned teacher. 二十年后，他成了作家。
4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be)，常见的有：appear, seem, remain, prove,look等。
例如。
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but itremains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.出国旅游对这对老夫妇来说当然很好，但他们能否玩得愉快还有待看结果。
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had awonderful time. 在这次长途旅行中，皮特证明是一位很有趣的导游。
我们都玩得很开心。
Exercises （A）高考链接1. The traffic lights __________ green and I pulled away. (2006广东)A. cameB. grewC. gotD. went2. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海)A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt3. －I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.－_______good. (2006湖北)A. SoundB. SoundedC. SoundingD. Sounds4. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ___ a goodresearcher. (2006山东) A. make B. turn C. getD. grow5. Tom sounds very much __________ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he canmanage it. (2006安徽)A. interestedB. interestingC. interestinglyD.interestedly6. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but itremains ______whether they will enjoy it. (2002全国) A. to see B.to be seen C. seeing D. seen7. The water _____ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. (2006全国)A. was feltB. is feltC. feltD. feels8. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ fresh for several days. (2003全国)A. be stayedB. stayC. be stayingD. have stayed9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____ as the plane wasmaking a landing. (2004上海春) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating10. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _____ runover by a car. (2002北京) A. have B. get C. become D.passed11. Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _____ twenty-one already. (2004天津)A. becomeB. turnedC. grownD. passed12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to _____ before the party. (2004全国Ⅱ)A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change13. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____ pale. (2004湖北)A. gotB. changedC. wentD. appeared14. Emergency line operators must always calm and make sure that theyget all the information they need to send help.（07湖北）A. growB. appearC. becomeD. stay15．Please remain______ until the plane has come to a complete stop. (07山东) A．to seal B．to be seated C．seating D．seated16.－Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?－No, dear. They don’t ___ well. Put them in the fridge instead.(02北京)A. keepB. fitC. getD. last17. My parents have always made me about myself, even when I wastwelve（07江苏）A. feeling wellB. feeling goodC. feel wellD. feel good18. －Do you like the material?－Yes, it _____ very soft. ((94全国) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt19. What he said sounds_______. (1993上海)A. nicelyB. pleasantlyC. friendlyD. wonderfully20. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _____ poor. (2002春上海)A. provesB. remainsC. maintainsD. continues21．—Do you like the material?—Yes, it _____ very soft. (1994全国)A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt（B）巩固训练1. He turned ____ ten years ago but later he became _____.A. a teacher; a doctorB. teacher; doctorC. teacher; a doctorD. a teacher; doctor2. The dog _____lost yesterday.A. gotB. becameC. turnedD. fell3. The old man must have ____ mad.A. goneB. turnedC. fallenD. driven4. I am afraid the weather will _____ hot for a few days.A. lastB. be lastedC. stayD. be stayed5. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. doesB. feelsC. getsD. makes6. It was so large a hall that a hundred people looked ___ in it.A. losingB. lostC. to loseD. having lost7. As time went on, the theory he stuck ______ correct.A. to provingB. to proveC. to provedD. proved8.－Why do you look so sad?－There are many problems _________.A. remaining to settleB. remained to settleC. remaining to be settledD. remained to be settled9.After the big flood, very little ______ in the house.A. keptB. remainedC. leftD. continued10. ________________, the bananas sold well.A. Looking nice and tasting goodB. looked nice and tasted goodC. Looking nicely and tasting wellD. Being looked nice and tasted good答案：1—5 DBDAA 6—10 BCBCB 11—15 BACDD 16—20 ADCCB Key: 1—5 CAACB 6—10 BCCBAThere be 结构：历年高考真题与提升训练选编1.____ is no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already beensettled.(1991上海)A．It has B. There has C. It is D. There is2. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work. _____ must be something wrongwith it.(1999 A. It B. There C. This D. That3. Since you have repaired my TV set, _____ is no need for me to buy a newone.(2002上海春 A. it B. there C. this D. that4. _____ ought to be no trouble because he knew the answers.A. ItB. ThereC. HeD. That5.There seems to be something wrong about it,______?A. wasn’t thereB. isn’t itC. doesn’t itD. doesn’t there6. The waiter spilled wine on the carpet but ____ was no harm done.A. thisB. itC. thatD. there7. There _____ no buses, we had to go home on foot.A. areB. wereC. beingD. to be8. Once upon a time______ a poor farmer who had four sons.A. there livedB. there hadC. it hadD. they had9. ________ great changes in our school since last year.A. There wereB. There had beenC. There have hadD. There havebeen10. There ____two apples, one watermelon and some bananas in the basket.A. wasB. isC. hasD. areKey: 1—5 DBBBD 6—10 DCADDB. There + be+主语（存在句型）专练1. 英语中的there be 结构主要表示某处存在某物，通常还被称为存在句。