英语基本句型之一：主系表结构

英语基本句型讲练

1. 主系表结构：主语+系动词+表语

Link verbs: be, look, feel, sound, seem, taste, smell, become, go, turn, get, grow, prove, fall, keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, turn out

e.g. 1) Smith is a boss/over 40/ smart/ in a room/ to go to see a film/ excited/out

2) Her job is looking after the baby.

3) This dictionary is not hers but mine.

4) She looks happy/ felt happy/ fell ill/ went mad.

5) It is no use/ useless doing it now.

2. Exx.(高考书面表达P6)

Grammar Link verbs

系动词又叫连系动词：它是中学英语中的重要语法项目之一，也是历届高考考查重点和热点。

I：用法

连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。

II：分类

英语中最常用的连系动词有20个左右，一般分为四类：

1：“存在”类：表示存在或具有某种特征或状态。这类连系动词强调“存在”。

常见的有：be (是)，seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，prove (证明是) 等。

例如：

You are a student, aren’t you?你是学生，对吗？

He is very disappointed with the results of his examinations.他对考试结果很失望。

Who looks after your dog while you are out? 你不在家谁来照料你的小狗？

The theory he stuck to proved (to be) correct.他所坚持的理论证明是正确的。

The maths problem seems difficult. 这道数学题似乎很难。

She appears much younger than she really is. 她看上去比实际上年轻。

（be动词，其后面可以是名词、形容词、分词、副词、介词短语等作表语）

2：感官（动词）类

表示感情状态的五个感官动词：look看上去, feel摸起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来, sound听起来: （它们一般不用进行时，也不用被动态）

You looks very happy today, what’s the good news? 你今天看来很高兴，什么好消息？

What you said sounds reasonable? 你说的话听起来很有道理。

The apple tastes good and sells well. 这苹果尝起来很甜，而且很好卖

The dish smelled good(sweet)．那道菜闻起来好香。

3：“持续”类：表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的有：remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(继续、仍旧)，stand(处于某状况或情形)等。例如：

Why don't you put the meat in the fridge？It will stay fresh for several days.

为什么不把肉放在冰箱里？那样可以保鲜好几天。

It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?

已经10点了，这商店还关着门。怎么回事？

Keep still while I photograph you.我在给你照相时不要乱动。

The weather continued cold.天气持续寒冷。

My father continues in good health.我爸依旧身体健康

The door stood open. 门开着。

4. “变化”类：表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词

强调“变化”后的情况或状态。常见的有：become (变成)，turn (变成)，grow (变得)，go (变得)等。例如：Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.

把鱼放在冰箱里，否则会变坏的。

Spring comes and the trees turn green. 春天来了，树叶变绿了。

It is five years since he became a soldier.他参军五年了。

注意：

1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如：feel，taste等词。

2. 一般情况下，连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如：

Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by

a car.

3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有：be, become, appear, seem, prove,

remain和turn等。

The population growth in China remains a problem.中国的人口增长依然是个问题。

He went to New York in 1986, where some time later he became a writer.

他1986年去了纽约，过了一段时间他在那成了一位作家。

注：t urn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时，不加冠词。例如：

Twenty years later, he turned teacher. 二十年后，他成了作家。

4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be)，常见的有：appear, seem, remain, prove,

look等。例如。Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it

remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.

出国旅游对这对老夫妇来说当然很好，但他们能否玩得愉快还有待看结果。

On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a

wonderful time. 在这次长途旅行中，皮特证明是一位很有趣的导游。我们

都玩得很开心。

Exercises （A）高考链接

1. The traffic lights __________ green and I pulled away. (2006广东)

A. came

B. grew

C. got

D. went

2. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海)

A. to smell

B. smelling

C. smelt

D. to be smelt

3. －I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.