motivation
Motivation- lecture 5[1] 大学课件
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Criticism of Maslow’s model
Staff do not necessarily satisfy their needs Individual differences mean that people
place different values on the same needs Some rewards or outcomes at work
Two factors in relation to job satisfaction
◦ Maintenance factors (Hygiene factors) ◦ Growth factors
Herzberg’s two-factor theory
Maintenance factors (Hygiene factors)
satisfy more than one need Maslow viewed satisfaction as the main
motivational outcome of behaviour. But job satisfaction doe not lead to improvement work performance
◦ Salary ◦ Job security ◦ Working conditions ….
Growth factors
◦ Sense of achievement ◦ Recognition ◦ Personal growth and advancement …
Alderfer’s model (1972)
The Theory X
The average human being has an inherent dislike of work
关于motivation的演讲
关于Motivation的演讲一、引言每个人都有自己的梦想和目标，然而，想要实现这些梦想和目标却并不容易。
成功需要付出艰辛的努力和不懈的追求。
而这种努力和追求的动力来源于内在的动力，即Motivation。
在本次演讲中，我将探讨Motivation的重要性以及如何激发和保持它。
二、Motivation的定义和类型Motivation可定义为个人动力的来源和推动力，是个人行为的背后原因。
Motivation可以分为内在动机和外在动机两种类型。
1. 内在动机内在动机是源于个人内心的原因，是一种真正的自我驱动力。
它基于个人的兴趣、意义和内在的价值观。
例如，一个人对于帮助他人感到满足的内心需求就是一种内在动机。
2. 外在动机外在动机是由外部因素激发的动力，如奖励、惩罚、社会认可等。
这种动机与个人的内在需求和价值观并不直接相关，而更多地依赖外部的刺激。
例如，一个学生为了得到奖学金而努力学习就是一种外在动机。
三、Motivation的重要性Motivation在个人的成长和成功过程中起着至关重要的作用。
以下是Motivation 的重要性体现：1. 提供动力和目标Motivation为个人提供了努力追求目标的动力。
它激发了个人的决心和毅力，使他们能够面对挑战并充满动力地追求自己的梦想。
2. 增强自信和积极性Motivation能够增强个人的自信心和积极性。
当一个人有着强大的内在动力时，他们更有可能相信自己的能力，并且更积极地迎接新的挑战。
3. 克服困难和挫折Motivation能够帮助个人克服困难和挫折。
在追求目标的过程中，个人可能会面临许多困难和挑战，但有着强大的动力可以使他们坚持下去，不断尝试和改进。
4. 实现个人潜力Motivation使个人能够发挥出自身的潜力。
它激发了个人的创造力和创新能力，使他们能够进一步发展和提升自己的能力。
四、激发和保持Motivation的方法现在我来分享一些激发和保持Motivation的方法，希望能对大家有所启发。
1.motivationn.动机,促动因素,动力egThestrongerthemoti
5.stick n(c) 柴枝，小树枝 We made the fire out of dry sticks. 我们用干柴枝来生火。 手杖，拐杖 The old man walked leaning on a stick. 老人拄着拐杖走路。 vt.stuck, sticking ①（常与in, into, through连用）（把尖 物）插 入，刺入，戳入 I stuck a needle into the cloth. 我把一根针扎进布里。
bear in memory 记着, 没有忘记 bring back to memory 使想起 come to one's memory 想起, 清醒过来 in memory of 纪念...
motivation短语搭配
motivation短语搭配Motivation is an essential driving force that fuels our actions and behaviors. It provides the necessary inspiration and incentive to pursue and accomplish our goals and aspirations. Motivation can come from various sources and can be elicited through different means. To better understand and harness motivation, it is important to explore the different phrases and expressions that are commonly associated with it.1. "Set clear goals": One of the most effective ways to enhance motivation is to establish clear and specific goals. By clearly defining what we want to achieve, we can create a sense of direction and purpose, which is vital to staying motivated. Setting goals allows us to focus our energy and efforts towards meaningful and attainable objectives.2. "Visualize success": Visualization is a powerful technique to boost motivation. By creating mental images of success and positive outcomes, we can ignite our inner motivation and create a belief that our goals are attainable. Visualization helps us to maintain a positive mindset and increases our determination to overcome obstacles and achieve success.3. "Break tasks into manageable steps": Overwhelming tasks can often demotivate us. To maintain motivation, it is important to break down larger tasks into smaller, more manageable steps. This approach allows us to see progress more easily, which in turn boosts our motivation by providing a sense of accomplishment. Breaking tasks into smaller steps also minimizes the feeling of being overwhelmed and increases our belief in successfullycompleting the task.4. "Embrace challenges": Challenges are inevitable in any pursuit, but how we perceive and respond to them can greatly impact our level of motivation. Embracing challenges and viewing them as opportunities for growth can be a powerful motivator. Challenges push us beyond our comfort zones, and overcoming them instills a sense of achievement and satisfaction that propels us forward. Viewing challenges as stepping stones rather than roadblocks can fuel our motivation to persist and succeed.5. "Celebrate milestones": Recognizing and celebrating milestones along the way is crucial for maintaining motivation. Each small achievement serves as a marker of progress and reminds us of how far we have come. Celebrating milestones provides a sense of validation and reinforces our belief in our abilities, motivating us to continue striving towards our ultimate goal.6. "Surround yourself with positive influences": Motivation can be contagious, and surrounding ourselves with positive influences can greatly impact our own level of motivation. Interacting with like-minded individuals, mentors, or role models who exude motivation can inspire and energize us. The positive energy and support from others can provide a much-needed boost to our own motivation levels.7. "Create a supportive environment": Our physical and social environment plays a significant role in our motivation. Creating an environment that supports and reinforces our goals is essential. This can include organizing our workspace, establishing routines,and minimizing distractions. A supportive environment promotes focus, discipline, and motivation.8. "Persist through setbacks": Setbacks are a natural part of any journey, and how we respond to them can significantly impact our motivation. Instead of being discouraged by setbacks, it is important to view them as learning experiences and opportunities for growth. Maintaining a resilient attitude and persisting through setbacks can strengthen our motivation and belief in eventual success.9. "Find intrinsic motivation": Intrinsic motivation refers to the internal drive that comes from within, rather than external rewards or pressures. Discovering what truly inspires and excites us at a deep level can fuel our motivation in a more sustainable manner. Understanding our intrinsic motivations can help us align our goals and actions with our values and passions, creating a strong and lasting source of motivation.10. "Reflect on progress": Regularly reflecting on our progress is essential for maintaining motivation. Taking the time to evaluate how far we have come and the obstacles we have overcome can reignite our motivation. Reflection allows us to appreciate our growth, identify areas for improvement, and adjust our strategies accordingly, all of which contribute to keeping our motivation levels high.In conclusion, motivation is a multifaceted concept that can be nurtured and enhanced through various means. By incorporating these phrases and expressions into our daily lives and pursuits, wecan cultivate and sustain our motivation, enabling us to achieve our goals and lead fulfilling lives.。
Motivation
Girl: 歌女 吧女 卖花女 超女
singsong girl bargirl flower girl super girl
87
Metonymy（借代）
Metonymy is the device in which we name something by one of its attributes, the white house for the president. The substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.
• • • • • •
• • • •
Downing Street (唐宁街) → the British government or cabinet Whitehall (白厅) → the British government Westminster (威斯敏斯特) → the British Parliament or government Fleet Street (舰队街) → the British press The Kremlin (克里姆林宫) → the government of the Soviet Union
• • • • • •
( 7 )a container for its content 以容器代替其中内容 He is fond of the bottle. 他喜欢喝酒。 He is in his cups again. 他又喝醉了。
• ( 8 )an organ for its function • 以人体器官代替其功能
Motivation
11级英语师范班凌晓春 20111311103
motivation的英文作文
motivation的英文作文Motivation is the driving force that keeps me going every day. It's like a fire burning inside me, pushing me to work harder and strive for my goals. Without motivation, I would feel lost and uninspired, but when I'm motivated, I feel like I can conquer the world.Sometimes, all it takes is a small win or a word of encouragement to boost my motivation. It's amazing how a little bit of success can light a fire under me and make me want to achieve even more. That's why I always celebrate my victories, no matter how small they may seem.When I'm feeling unmotivated, I like to surround myself with positive and driven people. Their energy and enthusiasm are contagious, and being around them helps me to refocus and reignite my own motivation. It's like being part of a team that's all working towards the same goal.Setting goals for myself is another great way to staymotivated. When I have something to work towards, I feel more driven and focused. It's like having a roadmap that guides me towards success, and each step I take brings me closer to my ultimate destination.Of course, there are times when I feel discouraged and my motivation wanes. During these moments, I remind myself of why I started in the first place and the passion that drives me. I also take a break and do something I enjoy, whether it's going for a run, reading a book, or spending time with loved ones. These activities help me to recharge and come back with renewed motivation and energy.In the end, motivation is what keeps me going, even when the going gets tough. It's the fuel that powers my journey towards success, and I'm grateful for its presence in my life.。
Motivation 词汇学
Motivation
Onomatopoeic Motivation Morphological Motivation Semantic Motivation Etymological Motivation Logical Motivation
Onomatopoeic Motivation
In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their meanings, for imitating the natural sounds and noises created these words.
▪ Here the sound is truly an "echo to the sense: the reference itself is an acoustic experience which is more or less closely imitated by the phonetic structure of the word. Terms like crack, growl, hum, roar, squeak, squeal, whizz and a great many others fall into this category.
▪ /h/表示猛烈使劲时的气喘声： ▪ heavy, haste, hurry, hit, heave, hoarse,
hurl等 ▪ Wh-表示“剧烈”的拟声词： ▪ wham, whang, whap, whop, wheeze,
whicker, whinny, whomp, whoop
Morphological Motivation
Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning.
motivation的英文作文
motivation的英文作文英文：Motivation is a crucial factor that drives individuals to achieve their goals. It is the inner force that propels us to take action and persist in the face of obstacles. Without motivation, we would lack the drive and determination to pursue our dreams and aspirations.There are various types of motivation, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from within and is driven by personal satisfaction and enjoyment. For example, a person who loves playing music may be intrinsically motivated to practice and improve their skills. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, comes from external factors such as rewards or punishments. For example, a student may be extrinsically motivated to study for a test in order to receive a good grade.In my experience, I have found that intrinsic motivation is much more powerful and long-lasting than extrinsic motivation. When we are intrinsically motivated, we are more likely to enjoy the process of working towards our goals and feel a sense of fulfillment when we achieve them. In contrast, extrinsic motivation can feel like a chore or obligation, and once the reward is received, the motivation often fades.However, it is important to note that motivation is not constant and can fluctuate depending on various factors such as mood, environment, and external pressures. Therefore, it is important to cultivate a growth mindset and develop strategies to maintain motivation during challenging times.中文：动力是推动个人实现目标的关键因素。
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David McClelland’s Theory of Needs
Need for Achievement
The drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed.
Need for Affiliation
Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
奖酬失败的原因
1.金钱并非激励因子，无法提高满意度。 2.造成反效果。 3.员工间的友谊是牺牲者。 4.有时忽略背后真正的原因。 5.有时削弱风险倾向（risk-taking）。 6.有时削弱乐趣（interest）。
Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Organizational goals
pressure ——
inner driving force
—— Attractive force
Expectancy Theory Relationships
• Effort–Performance Relationship
– The probability that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance.
• Performance–Reward Relationship
The effect of motivation(2)
绩效函数： P = f（M×Ab×E） M = 激励（积极性） Ab = 能力/技能 E = 环境/条件
结论：管理者 要对下属的绩 效负责
Base of motivation(1)
为什么可以激励员工？ —— 因为人有需要 需要的概念：个体由于某种重要的东西 缺乏或被剥夺而产生的内心紧张状态。 需要——动机——行为
Equity Theory
Equity Theory
Individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities.
Referent Comparisons: Self-inside
Self-outside
Other-inside Other-outside
Equity Theory
Choices for dealing with inequity: 1. Change inputs (slack off) 2. Change outcomes (increase output)
Comparison of Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers
Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job dissatisfaction Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job satisfaction
Base of motivation(2)
• Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow)
There is a hierarchy of five needs—physiological, safety, social, esteem, and selfactualization; as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. Self-Actualization
The drive to become what one is capable of becoming.
Lower-Order Needs
Needs that are satisfied externally; physiological and safety needs.
Higher-Order Needs
2. Direction: toward beneficial goal 3. Persistence: how long a person tries
The effect of motivation(1)
―警觉性实验” A 组：不施加任何措施 B 组：个人竞赛 C 组：集体竞赛 D 组：物质奖惩 名次— B (8)、D (11)、C (14)、A (24) 结论1：有无激励措施，效果分明； 结论2：激励可以产生三倍的效能。
Needs that are satisfied internally; social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
Two-Factor Theory (Frederick Herzberg)
Two-Factor (Motivation-Hygiene) Theory
The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
Key Elements
1. Intensity: how hare human resources most valuable for the organization？
Goals for HRM
Attract, Detain,Motivate,Develop
How to motivate human resources effectively？
Defining Motivation
nPow
nAch
nAff
Matching High Achievers and Jobs
Expectancy Theory
组织追求什么？
——利润/效益/组织目标达成
员工追求什么？
——个人的需要
激励是管理中的关键桥梁
—— 统一：个人利益与组织利益
详见“激励的过程模型图”
Expectancy Theory (Victor Vroom) The strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual.
Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction.
Hygiene Factors Factors—such as company policy and administration, supervision, and salary—that, when adequate in a job, placate workers. When factors are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied.
Distributive Justice
Perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals.
Procedural Justice The perceived fairness of the process to determine the distribution of rewards.
3. Distort/change perceptions of self
4. Distort/change perceptions of others 5. Choose a different referent person
6. Leave the field (quit the job)
Equity Theory
The desire for friendly and close personal relationships.
Need for Power
The need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise.
Chapter3: Motivation
Introduction HR&Motivation 1. Outline the motivation process. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Describe Maslow’s need hierarchy. Differentiate motivators from hygiene factors. Clarify key relationships in expectancy theory. State the impact of underrewarding employees. Explain how the contemporary theories of motivation complement each other.
– The belief that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome.