主要英语国家地图
地理相关英语词汇(1)
地理相关英语词汇（1）一、基础词汇1. 地球（Earth）：我们生活的星球，位于太阳系中的第三颗行星。
2. 大陆（Continent）：地球上面积较大的陆地，如亚洲、非洲、北美洲等。
3. 海洋（Ocean）：地球上广阔的盐水区域，如太平洋、大西洋、印度洋等。
4. 国家（Country）：具有独立政治实体和固定领土的区域。
5. 地图（Map）：展示地球表面或某一区域的图形表示。
6. 河流（River）：地表自然水流，通常由源头流向海洋或湖泊。
7. 山脉（Mountain Range）：一系列相连的山峰，如喜马拉雅山脉、阿尔卑斯山脉等。
8. 气候（Climate）：一个地区长期的天气状况和大气现象。
9. 生态系统（Ecosystem）：生物与非生物环境相互作用的一个自然系统。
10. 自然资源（Natural Resources）：自然界中人类可以利用的物质和能量，如水、土地、矿产等。
二、地形地貌词汇1. 高原（Plateau）：相对平坦且海拔较高的地区，如青藏高原。
2. 平原（Plain）：地势低平，起伏较小的地区，如华北平原。
3. 山峰（Mountain）：地形高耸，尖锐或圆形的陆地部分。
4. 峡谷（Canyon）：河流长期侵蚀形成的深而狭窄的地形。
5. 沙漠（Desert）：降水量极少的地区，地表覆盖沙子或石块。
6. 湖泊（Lake）：位于陆地上的淡水或咸水水域，如青海湖、洞庭湖等。
7. 沼泽（Marsh）：土壤水分饱和，生长有特殊植被的地区。
三、地理现象词汇1. 地震（Earthquake）：地球表层快速释放能量，导致地面震动的一种自然现象。
2. 火山爆发（Volcanic Eruption）：地球内部岩浆喷发到地表的现象。
4. 洪水（Flood）：河流、湖泊水位急剧上涨，淹没周边地区的一种自然现象。
5. 干旱（Drought）：长时间无降水或降水量明显减少，导致土壤水分不足的现象。
四、地理学术词汇1. 地理信息系统（GIS）：一种用于捕捉、存储、分析和管理地理空间数据的系统。
六年级上册英语教案-Unit2《AroundtheWorld》(StoryTime)｜人教(新起点)
六年级上册英语教案－Unit 2《Around the World》（StoryTime）｜人教(新起点)教学内容本单元以《Around the World》为主题，通过Story Time环节，介绍不同国家的文化、地理特征和风土人情。
教学内容包括认识世界主要国家的名称、位置、语言以及代表性文化符号，同时培养学生对世界多元文化的尊重和理解。
教学目标1. 知识与技能：学生能够听懂、会说、会读本单元的关键词汇和句型，如“country”, “capital”, “language”, “custom”等。
2. 过程与方法：通过小组讨论、角色扮演等活动，提高学生的英语听说能力和合作学习能力。
3. 情感态度价值观：培养学生对世界文化的兴趣和尊重，增强其国际视野和文化包容性。
教学难点1. 正确发音和记忆国家名称及其相关信息。
2. 运用本单元所学句型和词汇描述不同国家的特点。
3. 理解并尊重不同文化之间的差异。
教具学具准备1. 世界地图或地球仪。
2. 各国国旗、国徽和代表性文化符号的图片。
3. 录音机及教学录音带。
4. PPT课件。
教学过程1. 导入：通过播放世界风光短片，激发学生对本单元主题的兴趣，引入新课。
2. 新授：展示地图或地球仪，介绍不同国家的位置、首都、语言和文化特点。
教授并练习本单元的关键词汇和句型。
4. 巩固：通过听力练习和小游戏，巩固学生对本单元词汇和句型的掌握。
板书设计1. 本单元的主题《Around the World》。
2. 重点词汇和句型列表。
3. 世界地图，标注出讨论的国家。
4. 各国国旗、国徽和文化符号的图片。
作业设计1. 绘制一幅关于自己最喜欢的国家的海报，用英语标注该国的特点。
2. 写一篇小短文，介绍自己最想去的世界某个地方，并说明原因。
课后反思通过本节课的教学，教师应反思学生的参与程度、学习效果以及教学方法的适用性。
特别是对于教学难点的处理，是否有效地帮助学生理解和记忆了国家名称及其相关信息，以及是否通过教学活动促进了学生的文化理解和尊重。
每个国家的英语名称
每个国家的英语名称239 圣多美和普林西比Sao Tome&Principe 240 塞内加尔Senegal241 塞舌尔Seychelles242 塞拉利昂Sierra Leone243 索马里Somalia244 南非S.Africa245 西撒哈拉Western Sahara246 苏丹Sudan247 坦桑尼亚Tanzania248 多哥Togo249 突尼斯Tunisia250 乌干达Uganda251 布基纳法索Burkina Faso252 民主刚果Congo,DR253 赞比亚Zambia254 津巴布韦Zimbabwe255 莱索托Lesotho256 梅利利亚Melilla257 斯威士兰Swaziland299 非洲其他国家(地区) Oth. Afr. nes100 亚洲Asia300 欧洲Europe301 比利时Belgium302 丹麦Denmark303 英国United Kingdom304 德国Germany305 法国France306 爱尔兰Ireland307 意大利Italy308 卢森堡Luxembourg309 荷兰Netherlands310 希腊Greece311 葡萄牙Portugal312 西班牙Spain313 阿尔巴尼亚Albania314 安道尔Andorra315 奥地利Austria316 保加利亚Bulgari354 马其顿Macedonia Rep318 芬兰Finland320 直布罗陀Gibraltar321 匈牙利Hungary322 冰岛Iceland323 列支敦士登Liechtenstein324 马耳他Malta325 摩纳哥Monaco337 格鲁吉亚Georgia327 波兰Poland326 挪威Norway328 罗马尼亚Romania329 圣马力诺San Marino330 瑞典Sweden331 瑞士Switzerland349 南斯拉夫Yugoslavia FR399 欧洲其他国家(地区) Oth. Eur. nes 400 拉丁美洲Latin America401 安提瓜和巴布达Antigua&Barbuda 402 阿根廷Argentina403 阿鲁巴岛Aruba404 巴哈马Bahamas405 巴巴多斯Barbados406 伯利兹Belize408 玻利维亚Bolivia409 博内尔Bonaire410 巴西Brazil356 梵蒂冈城国Vatican City State 411 开曼群岛Cayman Is412 智利Chile413 哥伦比亚Colombia338 亚美尼亚Armenia414 多米尼亚共和国Dominica415 哥斯达黎加Costa Rica416 古巴Cuba417 库腊索岛Curacao418 多米尼加共和国Dominican Rep. 419 厄瓜多尔Ecuador420 法属圭亚那French Guyana421 格林纳达Grenada422 瓜德罗普Guadeloupe423 危地马拉Guatemala424 圭亚那Guyana425 海地Haiti426 洪都拉斯Honduras427 牙买加Jamaica428 马提尼克Martinique429 墨西哥Mexico430 蒙特塞拉特Montserrat431 尼加拉瓜Nicaragua432 巴拿马Panama433 巴拉圭Paraguay434 秘鲁Peru435 波多黎各Puerto Rico436 萨巴Saba437 圣卢西亚Saint Lucia438 圣马丁岛Saint Martin Is439 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯Saint Vincent&Grenadines 440 萨尔瓦多El Salvador441 苏里南Suriname442 特立尼达和多巴哥Trinidad &Tobago443 特克斯和凯科斯群岛Turks & Caicos Is444 乌拉圭Uruguay445 委内瑞拉Venezuela446 英属维尔京群岛Br. Virgin Is447 圣其茨-尼维斯St. Kitts-Nevis500 北美洲North America499 拉丁美洲其他国家(地区) Oth. L.Amer. nes501 加拿大Canada502 美国United States503 格陵兰Greenland504 百慕大Bermuda599 北美洲其他国家(地区) Oth. N.Amer. nes600 大洋洲Oceania601 澳大利亚Australia602 库克群岛Cook Is603 斐济Fiji604 盖比群岛Gambier Is605 马克萨斯群岛Marquesas Is606 瑙鲁Nauru607 新喀里多尼亚New Caledonia608 瓦努阿图Vanuatu609 新西兰New Zealand610 诺福克岛Norfolk Is611 巴布亚新几内亚Papua New Guinea612 社会群岛Society Is613 所罗门群岛Solomon Is614 汤加Tonga615 土阿莫土群岛Tuamotu Is616 土布艾群岛Tubai Is617 萨摩亚Samoa618 基里巴斯Kiribati619 图瓦卢Tuvalu699 大洋洲其他国家(地区) Oth. Ocean. nes701 国(地)别不详的Countries(reg.) unknown702 联合国及机构和国际组织UN and other interational 999 中性包装原产国别334 爱沙尼亚Estonia335 拉脱维亚Latvia336 立陶宛Lithuania339 阿塞拜疆Azerbaijan340 白俄罗斯Byelorussia341 哈萨克斯坦Kazakhstan342 吉尔吉斯Kirghizia343 摩尔多瓦Moldavia344 俄罗斯联邦Russia345 塔吉克斯坦Tadzhikistan346 土库曼斯坦Turkmenistan347 乌克兰Ukraine348 乌兹别克斯坦Uzbekstan350 斯洛文尼亚Slovenia Rep351 克罗地亚Croatia Rep352 捷克共和国Czech Rep353 斯洛伐克Slovak Rep355 波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那共和Bosnia&Hercegovina 622 帕劳共和国Palau258 厄立特里亚Eritrea111 印度India121 中国澳门Macau101 阿富汗Afghanistan102 巴林Bahrian103 孟加拉国Bangladesh104 不丹Bhutan105 文莱Brunei106 缅甸Myanmar107 柬埔寨Cambodia108 塞浦路斯Cyprus109 朝鲜Korea,DPR110 中国香港Hong Kong112 印度尼西亚Indonesia113 伊朗Iran114 伊拉克Iraq115 以色列Israel116 日本Japan117 约旦Jordan118 科威特Kuwait119 老挝Laos,PDR120 黎巴嫩Lebanon122 马来西亚Malaysia123 马尔代夫Maldives124 蒙古Mongolia125 尼泊尔Nepal126 阿曼Oman127 巴基斯坦Pakistan128 巴勒斯坦Palestine129 菲律宾Philippines130 卡塔尔Qatar131 沙特阿拉伯Saudi Arabia132 新加坡Singapore133 韩国Korea Rep.134 斯里兰卡Sri Lanka135 叙利亚Syrian136 泰国Thailand137 土耳其Turkey138 阿联酋United Arab Emirates 139 也门共和国Republic of Yemen 620 密克罗尼西亚联邦Micronesia Fs 141 越南Vietnam142 中国China621 马绍尔群岛Marshall Is Rep143 台澎金马单独关税区Taiwan prov. 199 亚洲其他国家(地区) Oth. Asia nes 201 阿尔及利亚Algeria202 安哥拉Angora200 非洲Africa203 贝宁Benin204 博茨瓦那Botswana205 布隆迪Burundi206 喀麦隆Cameroon207 加那利群岛Canary Is208 佛得角Cape Vrde209 中非共和国Central African Rep.210 塞卜泰Ceuta211 乍得Chad212 科摩罗Comoros213 刚果Congo214 吉布提Djibouti215 埃及Egypt216 赤道几内亚Eq.Guinea217 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia218 加蓬Gabon219 冈比亚Gambia220 加纳Ghana221 几内亚Guinea222 几内亚(比绍) Guinea Bissau223 科特迪瓦Cote d´lvoir224 肯尼亚Kenya225 利比里亚Liberia226 利比亚Libyan Arab Jm227 马达加斯加Madagascar228 马拉维Malawi229 马里Mali230 毛里塔尼亚Mauritania231 毛里求斯Mauritius232 摩洛哥Morocco233 莫桑比克Mozambique234 纳米比亚Namibia235 尼日尔Niger236 尼日利亚Nigeria237 留尼汪Reunion238 卢旺达Rwanda回答者：yyy836 - 助理三级11-7 14:54新华书店应该有吧，反正有卖地图的地方应该都有的啊！！回答者：0116 - 魔法学徒一级11-7 14:54中国（CHN、People's Republic of China）中国香港（HKG、Hong-Kong）中国澳门（OMA、Oman）中国台北(TPE、Chinese Taipei）阿富汗（AFG、Afghanistan）巴林（BRN、Bahrain）孟加拉国（BAN、Bangladesh）不丹（BHU、Bhutan）文莱（BRU、Brunei Darussalam）柬埔寨（CAM、Cambodia）朝鲜（PRK、Democratic People's Republic of Korea）印度（IND、India）印度尼西亚（INA、Indonesia）伊拉克（IRQ 、Iraq）伊朗（IRI、Islamic Republic of Iran）日本（JPN、Japan）约旦（JOR、Jordan）哈萨克斯坦（KAZ、Kazakhstan）韩国（KOR、Korea）科威特（KUW、Kuwait）吉尔吉斯斯坦（KGZ、Kyrgyzstan）老挝（LAO、Lao People's Democratic Republic）黎巴嫩（LIB、Lebanon）马来西亚（MAS、Malaysia）马尔代夫（MDV、Maldives）蒙古（MGL、Mongolia）缅甸（MYA、Myanmar (ex Burma until 1989) ）尼泊尔（NEP、Nepal）巴基斯坦（PAK、Pakistan）巴勒斯坦（PLE、Palestine）菲律宾（PHI、Philippines）卡塔尔（QAT、Qatar）沙特阿拉伯（KSA、Saudi Arabia）新加坡（SIN、Singapore）斯里兰卡（SRI、Sri Lanka）叙利亚（SYR、Syrian Arab Republic）塔吉克斯坦（TJK、Tadjikistan）泰国（THA、Thailand ）东帝汶（TLS、Timor-Leste）土库曼斯坦（TKM、Turkmenistan）阿拉伯联合酋长国（UAE、United Arab Emirates）乌兹别克斯坦（UZB、Uzbekistan）越南（VIE、Viet Nam ）也门（YEM、Yemen）非洲奥委会协会（ANOCA）(Association des Comités Nationaux Olympiques d'Afrique)：阿尔及利亚（ALG、Algeria）安哥拉（ANG、Angola）贝宁（BEN 、Benin）博茨瓦纳（BOT、Botswana）布尔基纳法索（BUR、Burkina Faso）布隆迪（BDI、Burundi）喀麦隆（CMR、Cameroon）佛得角（CPV、Cape Verde）中非（CAF 、Central African Republic）乍得（CHA、Chad）科摩罗（COM、Comoros）刚果（CGO、Congo）科特迪瓦（CIV、Cote d'Ivoire ）刚果民主共和国（COD 、Democratic Republic of the Congo）吉布提（DJI、Djibouti）埃及（EGY、Egypt）赤道几内亚（GEQ、Equatorial Guinea）厄立特里亚（ERI、Eritrea）埃塞俄比亚（ETH 、Ethiopia）加蓬（GAB、Gabon）冈比亚（GAM、Gambia）加纳（GHA、Ghana）几内亚（GUI、Guinea）几内亚比绍（GBS 、Guinea-Bissau）肯尼亚（KEN、Kenya）莱索托（LES、Lesotho ）利比里亚（LBR、Liberia）利比亚阿拉伯加马西里亚（LBA、Libyan Arab Jamahiriya）马达加斯加（MAD 、Madagascar）马拉维（MAW、Malawi）马里（MLI、Mali）毛里塔尼亚（MTN 、Mauritania）毛里求斯（MRI、Mauritius）摩洛哥（MAR、Morocco）莫桑比克（MOZ、Mozambique）纳米比亚（NAM 、Namibia）尼日尔（NIG、Niger）尼日利亚（NGR、Nigeria）卢旺达（RWA、Rwanda）圣多美和普林西比（STP、Sao Tome and Principe）塞内加尔（SEN、Senegal）塞舌尔（SEY 、Seychelles）塞拉利昂（SLE、Sierra Leone）索马里（SOM 、Somalia）南非（RSA 、South Africa）苏丹（SUD、Sudan）斯威士兰（SWZ、Swaziland）多哥（TOG、Togo ）突尼斯（TUN、Tunisia）乌干达（UGA、Uganda ）坦桑尼亚（TAN、United Republic of Tanzania）赞比亚（ZAM 、Zambia）津巴布韦（ZIM 、Zimbabwe）欧洲奥委会协会COE/EOC (Les Comités Olympiques Européens) 阿尔巴尼亚（ALB、Albania）安道尔（AND、Andorra）亚美尼亚（ARM、Armenia）奥地利（AUT、Austria）阿塞拜疆（AZE、Azerbaijan）白俄罗斯（BLR、Belarus）比利时（BEL、Belgium ）波黑（BIH、Bosnia and Herzegovina）保加利亚（BUL、Bulgaria）克罗地亚（CRO、Croatia）塞浦路斯（CYP、Cyprus）捷克（CZE、Czech Republic）丹麦（DEN、Denmark）爱沙尼亚（EST、Estonia）芬兰（FIN、Finland）马其顿（MKD 、Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia）法国（FRA、France）格鲁吉亚（GEO、Georgia）德国（GER、Germany）英国（GBR、Great Britain ）希腊（GRE、Greece）匈牙利（HUN、Hungary）冰岛（ISL、Iceland ）爱尔兰（IRL、Ireland ）以色列（ISR、Israel）意大利（ITA、Italy ）拉脱维亚（LAT、Latvia）列支敦士登（LIE、Liechtenstein ）立陶宛（LTU、Lithuania）卢森堡（LUX、Luxembourg）马耳他（MLT、Malta）摩纳哥（MON、Monaco）荷兰（NED、Netherlands）挪威（NOR、Norway）波兰（POL、Poland）葡萄牙（POR、Portugal）摩尔多瓦（MDA、Republic of Moldova）罗马尼亚（ROM、Romania）俄罗斯（RUS、Russian Federation）圣马力诺（SMR、San Marino）塞黑（SCG、Serbia and Montenegro）斯洛伐克（SVK、Slovakia）斯洛文尼亚（SLO、Slovenia）西班牙（ESP、Spain）瑞典（SWE、Sweden ）瑞士（SUI、Switzerland ）土耳其（TUR、Turkey）乌克兰（UKR、Ukraine）大洋洲奥委会协会ONOC (Oceania National Olympic Committees) :美属萨摩亚（ASA、American Samoa）澳大利亚（AUS、Australia）库克群岛（COK、Cook Islands）密克罗尼西亚（FSM、Federated States of Micronesia）斐济（FIJ、Fiji）关岛（GUM 、Guam）基里巴提（KIR、Kiribati）瑙鲁（NRU、Nauru）新西兰（NZL、New Zealand )帕劳( PLW、Palau）巴布亚新几内亚（PNG 、Papua New Guinea）萨摩亚（SAM、Samoa (until 1996 Western Samoa)）所罗门群岛（SOL、Solomon Islands）汤加（TGA、Tonga）瓦努阿图（VAN、Vanuatu）泛美体育组织PASO/ODEPA (Organización Deportiva Panamericana) : 安提瓜和巴布达（ANT、Antigua and Barbuda）阿根廷（ARG、Argentina）阿鲁巴（ARU、Aruba）巴哈马（BAH、Bahamas）巴巴多斯（BAR、Barbados）贝利塞（BIZ、Belize）百慕大（BER、Bermuda）玻利维亚（BOL、Bolivia）巴西（BRA、Brazil）英属维尔京群岛（IVB、British Virgin Islands）加拿大（CAN、Canada）开曼群岛（CAY、Cayman Islands）智利（CHI、Chile）哥伦比亚（COL、Colombia）哥斯达黎加（CRC、Costa Rica）古巴（CUB、Cuba）多米尼加（DMA 、Dominica）民主多米尼加（DOM、Dominican Republic）厄瓜多尔（ECU、Ecuador）萨尔瓦多（ESA、El Salvador）格林纳达（GRN、Grenada）危地马拉（GUA、Guatemala）圭亚那（GUY、Guyana）海地（HAI、Haiti）洪都拉斯（HON、Honduras）牙买加（JAM、Jamaica）墨西哥（MEX、Mexico）荷属安的列斯（AHO、Netherlands Antilles）尼加拉瓜（NCA、Nicaragua）巴拿马（PAN、Panama）巴拉圭（PAR、Paraguay）秘鲁（PER、Peru）波多黎各（PUR、Puerto Rico）圣基特和内维斯（SKN、Saint Kitts and Nevis）圣卢西亚（LCA、Saint Lucia）圣文森特和格林哪达（VIN、Saint Vincent and the Grenadines）苏里南（SUR、Suriname）特立尼达和多巴哥（TRI、Trinidad and Tobago）美国（USA United States of America）乌拉圭（URU、Uruguay）委内瑞拉（VEN、Venezuela）维尔京群岛（ISV 、Virgin Islands）。
客源国概况美国篇ppt课件
14、首都：华盛顿 Washington 人口52多万 全称：华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。
建于1790年,1800年正式使用。 美国政治、历史、文化中心，
有众多旅游景点。
二、美国简史
1、只有200多年历史。原为印第安人聚 居地。
2、1492年哥伦布发现美洲。从15世纪 末西班牙、荷兰、法、英等国开始向北 美移民。
美国景—旧金山超美金字塔
◎这是一座金字塔 式建筑，高853英尺， 有48层，是旧金山 市最高的建筑。刚 刚建成时，人们并 不能接受它的风格， 把它称为“地狱刺 出的利剑”和“印 第安人的帐篷”。 现在，它已经成为 深受人们喜爱的城 市建筑。
2、面积： 963(937)万km2
3、人口： 3.23亿(2015)
4、民族：多民族国家。白人约75%。 黑人约12%，还有犹太人、墨西哥人、 波多黎各人、华人等。大约155个民 族后裔。印第安人约136万。
5、语言：美式英语。
6、宗教：基督教新教(56%)、天主 教(28%)、犹太教(2%)、东正教(1%) 等。几乎所有宗教在美国都有信徒。 共250多个宗教派别。不属于任何教 派的约10%。
歌词：哦，你可看见，透过一线曙光， 我们对着什么，发出欢呼的声浪？谁的阔 条明星，冒着一夜炮火，依然锓风招展， 在我军碉堡上？火炮闪闪发光，炸弹轰轰 作响，它们都是见证，国旗安然无恙。你 看星条旗不是还高高飘扬在这自由国家， 勇士的家乡？
透过稠密的雾，隐约望见对岸，顽敌 正在酣睡，…… 这是星条旗，但愿它永 远飘扬在这自由国家，勇士的家乡。……
美国景点—旧金山阿尔卡特拉斯
◎阿尔卡特拉斯是一座方圆22英亩、岩石从生的小 岛，从1934年至1963年，它是美国臭名昭著的男监 狱的所在地，囚禁过不少传奇式的人物。岛名意思 为黑鸬鹚，它们在岛上的悬崖和岩石间沐浴着阳光。
所有国家与语言的英文名字
马达加斯加 Madagascar
毛里求斯 Mauritius
塞舌尔 Seychelles
索马里 Somalia
苏丹 Sudan
乌干达 Uganda
坦桑尼亚 Tanzania
厄立特里亚 Eritrea
美洲 AMERICAS
北美洲 North America
加拿大 Canada
美利坚合众国 United States of America
墨西哥 Mexico
中美洲 Central America
哥斯达黎加 Costa Rica
萨尔瓦多 El Salvador
危地马拉 Guatemala
洪都拉斯 Honduras
尼加拉瓜 Nicaragua
巴拿马 Panama
苏里南 Suriname
缅甸语 Burmese
白俄罗斯语 Byelorussian
汉语 Chinese
捷克语 Czech
丹麦语 Danish
荷兰语 Dutch
英语 English
爱沙尼亚语 Estonian
芬兰语 Finnish
佛兰芒语 Flemish
法语 French
盖尔语 Gaelic
格鲁吉亚语 Georgian
马拉维 Malawi
莫桑比克 Mozambique
纳米比亚 Namibia
南非 South Africa
斯威士兰 Swaziland
赞比亚 Zambia
津巴布韦 Zimbabwe
东非 East Africa
科摩罗 Comoros
吉布提 Djibouti
英语国家概况问答
英语国家概况1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Y es, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Y es. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Y ear with parties, in Scotland, New Y ear's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Y ule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Y ear can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。
英语国家概况翻译
Unit 1 ABrief Intr oduct ion t o Th e Uni ted K ingdo m我们正在研究的这个国家的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这也是一个复杂的名字，对于一个在许多方面都很复杂的国家。
大多数人都知道它，是因为它的庞大的海外帝国的称号使他在国家上扮演着重要的角色，但是在第二次世界大战之后的数年，这一切都结束了。
然而，人们知道的那些有关英国（他们可能称它为英国或者，错误的称为大不列颠）的事情，可能跟大多数真正的英国人是如果过自己的生活的事情没有多大的联系。
一方面，现在，帝国的时代已经过去很久了，只有老人们把帝国作为他们生活有一些意义的一件事留在记忆里。
英国不再是一个帝国，尽管其过去帝国的影响可能体现在各方各面;而不是仅仅体现在与曾经是这个帝国的一部分并且建立起一个松散（自愿）的称之为英联邦国家的组织保持联系的50或更多的国家之间的密切关系。
但是今天在英国国际关系中，更重要的是欧洲联盟。
自从1973年始，英国成为了它的成员。
考虑到当代的英国，强调它在欧盟中扮演的角色，比起英联邦的一部分，要有用得多了。
作为7国集团成员的大型发达经济体，它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家。
另外一个明显旧帝国的影响在于组成英国人口本身。
在20世纪50年代和60年代这段时间，受到鼓励来自这些英联邦国家的移民，导致了一个二十个人中就有一个非欧洲人的人口种族。
他们自己，其父母，或者祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，仅举出这几个最有代表性的国家和地区。
这将引入什么是本章节关于英国的关键主题：因为是大多数，或所有的国家，是不可能用简单的话语来概括英国人民。
2024年人教版地理七年级上册4.2世界的语言和宗教-优课件
一、世界的语言
（一）你知道的世界的语 言有哪些？
据估计，全世界大约 有3000－4000中语言
（二）你知道联合国的工作 语言是哪几种？
汉语除了在我国使用外, 你还知道哪些国家和地区使 用汉语？
除了汉语你还会说什么 语言？请你 用该种语言介绍 一下你自己。
你知道英语在哪些国家 和地区广泛使用？
阿拉伯半岛、非洲北部等
二、世界的三大宗教
你知道世界上有哪几 大宗教吗？
基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教
三大宗教的代表建筑各有什么特征？
基督教典型建筑——教堂 建筑成尖顶，哥特式，用白色装饰。 伊斯兰教典型建筑——清真寺 它也建筑成圆形的顶，但顶上有装饰物。 佛教典型建筑——寺庙。 它主要建筑成圆形的塔形，同时用金黄色来装饰。
你认为学习英语有什么 重要性？
世界主要语言的分布
在地图上指出英语、 汉语、法 语、俄语、 西班牙语、阿拉伯语主 要分布在哪些地区
语言
主要分布地区
汉语
中国、东南亚
英语
欧洲的西部、北美洲、亚洲的南部等
俄语
亚洲的北部、中部、欧洲的东部等
法语 西班牙语
法国、非洲的中、西部 西班牙、拉丁美洲的许多国家
阿拉伯语
起八
，分
静放
待手
花；
开二
。分
成
➢Pure of heart， life is full of
绩 ， 八
sweet and joy!
分 方
所
有
父
母
我们，还在路上……
世界三大宗教的分布
宗教名称 起 源 地 区 主 要 分 布 地 区 基 督 教 亚 洲 的 西 部 欧洲、美洲、大洋洲