周周考2
司法考试：【讲义】新起点系统强化班行政法测试题
2014年国家司法考试新起点周周考模拟测试行政法（二）考试时间：地点：姓名：分数：不定项选择题。
下列每题所设选项中至少有一个正确答案，多选、少选、错选或不选均不得分。
每题10分，共150分。
考试时间：15分钟1、某乡人民政府对程某征收农民负担费用500元，县人民政府经复议将费用减为400元。
程某不服遂向法院提起诉讼。
法院经审理认为征收400元的费用违反了国家规定的不得超过上年度农民人均纯收入5%的标准。
法院应如何处理此案?A.变更县政府的决定，确定应交纳费用的具体标准B.确认县政府的决定违法，责令乡政府重新作出决定C.撤销县政府的决定，责令乡政府重新作出决定D.撤销县政府的决定，责令县政府重新作出决定2、下列哪些做法不符合有关公务员管理的法律法规规定?A.县公安局法制科科员李某因2002年和2004年年度考核不称职被辞退B.小王2004年7月通过公务员考试进入市法制办工作，因表现突出于2005年1月转正C.办事员张某辞职离开县政府，单位要求他在离职前办理公务交接手续D.县财政局办事员田某对单位的开除决定不服向县人事局申诉，在申诉期间财政局应当保留田某的工作3、甲省乙市人民政府决定征用乙市某村全部土地用于建设，甲省人民政府作出了批准乙市在该村征用土地的批复。
其后，乙市规划建设局授予丁公司拆迁许可证，决定拆除该村一组住户的房屋。
一组住户不服，欲请求救济。
下列哪种说法不正确?A.住户对甲省人民政府征用土地的批复不服，应当先申请复议再提起诉讼B.住户可以对乙市人民政府征用补偿决定提起诉讼C.住户可以对乙市规划建设局授予丁公司拆迁许可证的行为提起诉讼D.住户可以请求甲省人民政府撤销乙市规划建设局授予丁公司拆迁许可证的行为4、黄某在与陈某的冲突中被陈某推倒后摔成轻微伤，甲市乙县公安局以此对陈某作出行政拘留15日的决定。
陈某不服申请复议，甲市公安局经调查并补充了王某亲眼看到黄某摔伤的证言后维持了原处罚决定。
陈某向法院提起诉讼。
2021年高三上学期第二周周周清同步检测化学试题含答案
2021年高三上学期第二周周周清同步检测化学试题含答案一、选择题1.最新报道：科学家首次用X射线激光技术观察到CO与O在催化剂表面形成化学键的过程．反应过程的示意图如下：下列说法正确的是（）A．CO和O生成CO2是吸热反应B．在该过程中，CO断键形成C和OC．CO和O生成了具有极性共价键的CO2D．状态Ⅰ→状态Ⅲ表示CO与O2反应的过程2.下列各组中互为同位素的是（）A．O2和O3B．H2和D2C．CH4和C3H8D．2He和3He3.设NA为阿伏伽德罗常数，下列说法正确的是（）A．常温下，22gCO2含碳氧双键数目为2NAB．12.0gNaHSO4固体中含阳离子数为0.1NAC．标准状况下，22.4LBr2中所含分子数为NAD．7.8gNa2O2与足量的水反应转移电子数为0.2NA4.常温下，下列各组粒子在指定溶液中能量共存的是（）A．在酸性KMnO4溶液中：Na+、C2H5OH、NH4+、Cl﹣B．能溶解CaCO3的溶液中：Fe2+、Ca2÷、Cl﹣、NO3﹣C．澄清透明的溶液中：Cu2+、Mg2+、SO42﹣、Cl﹣D．能使淀粉﹣KIO3试纸显蓝色的溶液中：K+、H+、SO42﹣、I﹣5.有一混合溶液，其中只含有Fe2+、Cl﹣、Br﹣、I﹣（忽略水的电离），其中Cl﹣、Br﹣、I﹣的个数比为2：3：4，向该溶液中通入氯气使溶液中Cl﹣和Br﹣的个数比为3：1，则通入氯气的物质的量与溶液中剩余Fe2+的物质的量之比为（）A．7：1 B．7：2 C．7：3 D．7：46.2015年9月28日，美国宇航局宣布发现了火星上存在液态水的证据。
下列关于水的叙述正确的是：A．水是一种重要的溶剂，能溶解所有的无机物和大多数有机物B．水是一种重要的化学试剂，在一定条件下可与许多无机物和有机物发生反应C．在氧化还原反应中，水只能作氧化剂，不能作还原剂D．海水淡化的方法主要有蒸馏法、电渗析法、离子交换法等，在上述方法中都有化学反应发生7.铅的冶炼大致过程如下：①富集：将方铅矿（PbS）进行浮选；②焙烧：2PbS＋3O2 2PbO＋2SO2；③制粗铅：PbO＋C Pb＋CO；PbO＋CO Pb＋CO2。
长沙市中雅培粹学校2017年七上第1-2周 周考问卷
长沙市中雅培粹学校2017年七上第1-2周周考试卷一、积累与运用（38分）1、下列各组词语中字形和加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（）（3分）A、酝酿．．（yùn liàng）黄晕抖擞．（sǒu）顷盆瓢泼B、吝啬．．（lìn sè）棱镜淅呖．（lì）发髻C、粗犷．（kuàng）磅博看．护（kàn ）莅临D、高邈．（miǎo ）竦峙澹澹．．（dàn ）贮蓄2、下列加点词语使用不正确的一项是（）（3分）A.节日里，公园里打扮得花枝招展．．．．的，亭台楼阁也装饰得一个比一个漂亮。
B.春天，就好像在春雨中酝酿．．出来一般。
C.从容不迫的举止，比起咄咄逼人．．．．的态度，更能令人心服。
D.云朵在霞光烘托．．下，变化出七彩光芒，仿佛天空中有七色霓虹灯照耀着。
3、下列各句中没有语病，表意明确的一项是（）（3分）A. 为了防止酒驾事件不再发生，长沙市加大了巡查整治力度B. 学校开展地震安全常识教育活动，可以增强同学们的安全自我保护C. 完善食品安全法规，规范食品安全监管机制，提高人们的食品安全意识，已经到了迫在眉睫的地步了D. 学生能够熟练而规范地书写正楷字，是衡量学生是否达到《语文课程标准》对汉字书写的要求4、下面语句的排序顺序排列恰当的是（）（3分）①泉水上面，一棵橡树贪婪地伸开它那掌形的枝叶；②你投身到地上，喝饱了水，但是懒得再动了。
③你穿过缠着蔓草的茂密的榛树丛，走到山谷底下。
④银色的大水泡摇摇摆摆地从长满细致柔滑的青苔的水底升起。
⑤果然，断崖的下面隐藏着泉水；A.⑤②④①③B.⑤②③④①C.③⑤①④②D.③①②⑤④5、小明整理到以下关于传统文化知识的资料，其中说法不正确．．．的一项是（）（3分）A.在二十四节气中，立秋过后依次是处暑、寒露、秋分、霜降。
B.2017是农历丁酉鸡年，2016是农历丙申猴年。
C.农历正月十五是元宵节，民间有赏花灯、闹年鼓、猜灯谜、吃汤圆等习俗。
中考英语阅读周周练有答案Week2
第一部分基础训练 - WEEK TWO一、阅读理解（共10小题；共20分）AThe longest railway line in the world opened on December 26th, 2012. The line joins China's capital Beijing with the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou. The line is 2,298 kilometers long and crosses half of China. The first train left Beijing station at 9 am and arrived in Guangzhou eight hours later. The super-fast train travels at an average speed of 300 kph and cuts the journey time from 20 hours to just eight. It stops at 35 different cities along its route. A total of 310 trains will run between the two cities each day. A one-way ticket for the journey costs $138. The Chinese government hopes the train will help the country's economy as business people can now travel across the country a lot quicker.Chinese media say the bullet train(动车) service started on 26 December to commemorate(纪念) the birth of former Chinese leader Mao Zedong. The train is also a sign of China's plan to become the world's leader in high-speed rail travel. It already has 8,600 km of high-speed railway track, which is more than any other country in the world. It plans to extend(扩展) this to 16,000 km by 2015 and 50,000 km by 2020. China Ministry of Railways spokesman Zhou Li told reporters, "The opening of the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed line shows China's high-speed railway network has started to take shape." A passenger who traveled on the first train explained how proud she was of the train, saying, "It's amazing China has developed so quickly."1. What time did the train arrive in Guangzhou?A. At 9 a.m.B. At 10 a.m.C. At 5 p.m.D. At 6 p.m.2. How many different cities does the train stop at?A. 25.B. 30.C. 35.D. 40.3. Who is Zhou Li?A. A worker at China's Ministry of Railways.B. A journalist from CCTV.C. The first passenger on the train.D. A driver of the high-speed trains.4. China now has high-speed railway track.A. 16,800 kmB. 6,800 kmC. 16,000 kmD. 8,600 km5. What feeling did a passenger have?A. Disappointment.B. Pride.C. Boredom(厌烦).D. Sadness.BFor many people the subject of hiccups(打嗝) is a joke, but for Harry Mendes, a fifteen-year-old schoolboy from Birmingham, it was something quite different.His hiccups began on one Sunday lunch time and continued day and night for two weeks. After the first week, Harry's parents took him to hospital, but it took another week for the doctors to cure his attack(发作). Harry is now back at school, and he told us what happened to him."When I began to hiccup, I drank a glass of water, but that didn't do any good. That evening I had hiccups every four seconds. We tried everything to stop them. I held my breath and drink cold drinks. My father even tried to give me a shock but that didn't work either."After a week of sleepless nights, he went to hospital. The doctors took an X-ray of his chest but they couldn't find anything wrong."They gave me some medicine and my hiccups slowed down, but it was another week before the medicine worked completely and my hiccups stopped."Harry was very lucky. The world record holder is the American farmer-Charles Borne. He hiccupped for sixty-eight years. But nobody knows why.6. Harry's hiccup lasted .A. a weekB. fourteen daysC. twenty-eight daysD. one month7. Harry's hiccups started after he .A. drank a glass of waterB. went to hospitalC. ate a Sunday mealD. finished his homework8. Harry's parents decided to take him to hospital when he .A. hiccupped for four secondsB. held his breathC. hiccupped at nightD. couldn't stop hiccupping9. Harry's hiccups completely stopped one week after the doctor .A. gave him some medicineB. took an X-ray of his chestC. gave him a shockD. let him drink cold drinks10. The underlined word "shock" in the third paragraph means .A. 震惊B. 休克C. 喷嚏D. 哈欠二、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）There is an American story about three sisters. They loved each other very much. Each 11 could only be happy when she was with her sister.The oldest sister stood 12 . Her name was Corn. Corn was beautiful and strong.The middle sister liked to twine(缠绕) 13 her sister Corn. Her name was bean. As Bean grew taller, she could give Corn a 14 hug.The 15 sister was very brave. She stayed at the 16 of Corn and Bean to protect them from danger. Her name was Squash.When one of the sisters grew, 17 two wanted to grow. They 18 wanted to be alone. So they always 19 together in the same field.On summer nights, 20 stars shone in the sky, the three sisters changed into young and beautiful girls. They were in green clothes, danced happily, and sang to their mother earth and their father sun.11. A. sisters B. family C. sister D. brother12. A. small B. short C. fat D. tall13. A. in B. around C. at D. from14. A. big B. bigger C. small D. smaller15. A. oldest B. middle C. strongest D. youngest16. A. back B. top C. middle D. feet17. A. other B. the others C. the other D. others18. A. never B. always C. often D. sometimes19. A. looked B. found C. lived D. sat20. A. what B. when C. if D. until三、阅读理解（共9小题；共18分）AThe tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. There are some traditions that you can find almost anywhere, anytime, such as sending birthday cards, blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the Happy Birthday song. Others are only found for certain ages and in certain countries.In China, on a child's first birthday, family members put many things on the floor around the child. According to Chinese tradition, the first thing that the child picks up tells what profession the child will choose later in life.For Japanese children, the third, fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important. At this age, there is a special celebration Shichi-Go-San (seven, five, three in Japanese) when children go to the temple wearing a new kimono(和服). The priest(僧侣) gives them special sweets, and the parents usually organize a party for their friends in their home.In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. After a special ceremony, the girls dance a waltz with their father and other boys.Eighteen is the traditional "coming of age", the age when (in many countries) you have the right to vote(选举), join the army and (in Britain) drink alcohol or buy a house.In many English-speaking countries, a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top, or the cake itself is sometimes in the shape of a key. The key means that the young person is now old enough to leave and enter the family home at any time they want to!21. Which of the following birthday traditions can be found almost anywhere, anytime?A. Putting many things on the floor.B. Wearing a new kimono.C. Dancing a waltz.D. Sending birthday cards.22. The usually organize a party at children's special birthday celebration in Japan.A. priestsB. parentsC. friendsD. relatives23. Mexican girls have a special birthday celebration at the age of .A. fiveB. sevenC. fifteenD. twenty-one24. In many countries you can when you reach the age of eighteen.A. join the armyB. have a carC. have a special ceremonyD. have special sweets25. Which is the best title of this passage?A. Birthday Traditions Around the WorldB. Chinese Birthday CelebrationsC. Japanese Special CelebrationD. The Drinking Age in Many CountriesB"Who needs a shopping mall if you have Taobao?"says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing. Taobao, China's largest online shopping site, has become an important part of Wang Lin's life. She spends lots of money on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users like Wang Lin have found the joys of online shopping. Most online shoppers are students or young workers. More women shop online than men. Clothing and home-use products are the most popular on line.It was reported that more than 250 billion yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao.Taobao means "looking for treasure" in Chinese. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.You may question the security of online shopping. Wang Lin said, "It's safe and convenient. Unless you receive the products from the sellers and like them, the shop owner will not get the money. You can also get your money back if you want to return the products."26. According to the text, are the most popular on line.A. candies and DVD playersB. clothes and foodC. home-use products and booksD. clothing and home-use products27. Most online shoppers are .A. smartB. youngC. businessmenD. housewives28. The underlined word "security" in the last paragraph probably means " ".A. 质量B. 安全C. 信誉D. 利润29. What can be the best title for the text?A. Wang Lin's New LifeB. Online Shopping in ChinaC. Online Shopping Is Not SafeD. The Online Shopping四、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）It's said that many years ago people used animal skins to make clothes. People started to wear clothes 30 they could keep themselves safe from the sun, wind, rain and cold.Today, we can use 31 materials to make different kinds of clothes. But clothes do 32 than keep us warm in modern society, and they can also 33 about our culture, our life, our jobs, our hobbies and even our mood. 34 , when we see a man in a uniform, we know his 35 from the uniform. When we see a woman in a kimono, we may think that she is 36 . If a man always wears sportswear, we may think he is 37 and likes doing exercise. If a person 38 wears yellow or red clothes, maybe he or she is lively and easy-going. As the saying goes, "You are what you 39 ."30. A. as if B. so that C. even if D. although31. A. different B. expensive C. strange D. perfect32. A. better B. worse C. farther D. more33. A. tell B. ask C. bring D. find34. A. What's more B. For example C. However D. In a word35. A. hobby B. idea C. wish D. job36. A. Japanese B. Chinese C. English D. American37. A. nervous B. happy C. silent D. active38. A. sometimes B. seldom C. never D. always39. A. do B. say C. wear D. like五、阅读与表达(填空式)（共5小题；共10分）Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch? Well, that's normal. Your body naturally slows down then. What should you do about it? Don't reach for a coffee! Instead, take a nap.It's good to have a daily nap. First of all, you are more efficient(有效的) after napping. You remember things better and make fewer mistakes. Also, you can learn things more easily after taking a nap. A nap may increase your self-confidence and make you more active. It may even cheer you up. But, there are some simple rules you should follow about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of day, about eight hours after you wake up. Next, a 20-minute nap is best. If you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you will feel worse. Also, you should set an alarm clock. That way, you can fully relax during your nap. You won't have to keep looking at the clock, so you don't oversleep.Next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don't get stressed. Put your head down, close your eyes, and catch forty winks(打盹).40. If you feel a little sleepy after lunch, you'd better .41. A nap may increase your self-confidence and make you more .42. You'd better take a nap in the middle of day, about after you wake up.43. The proper period of time for taking a nap is about .44. If you don't want to oversleep, you should when you take a nap.六、阅读与表达(判断式)（共5小题；共10分）An old man built a model of the Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) with thousands of matches for his wife. It took him about eight months to build it. Everybody knows about the Taj Mahal in India. It is one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. Over three hundred years ago, Shah Jehan built the Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife.Shah Jehan wanted his wife's tomb to be wonderful. He did not care about time or money. He brought together workmen from all Asia. Altogether, over 20,000 men worked on the building and it took them over seventeen years to finish it.The building stands on a platform(平台) of red sandstone. Four thin white towers rise from the corners of the platform. A large dome(圆顶) rests at the center of the building. Around this large dome there are four smaller ones. It has eight sides and many arches(拱门). So people can enter the great building easily.There is a beautiful garden around the Taj Mahal. The green trees make the marble(大理石) look even whiter. In front of the building there is a long, narrow pool. Look into this pool, and you can see all the beauty of the Taj Mahal from the water.The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful at sunset. The marble picks up the color of the sunset, and the white building turns into a great red one. In 2007, the Taj Mahal became one of the New Seven Wonders in the world.根据短文内容，判断正误，正确的为T，错误的为F。
周口五中八年级 周周考 第二周
知识再现：（限15分钟完成常用结论与高频考点每空3分，）1、对顶三角形：如图1，线段AC、BD交于点O，则∠A+∠B与∠C+∠D的数量关系是。
2、双角平分线：（1）如图2，△ABC中，BE平分∠ABC，CD平分∠ACB，BF，CF是两个外角的平分线，则∠BDC，∠E，∠F与∠A的关系分别是：，，。
（2）如图3，BP平分∠ABC，交CD与F，DP平分∠ADC交AB于E，AB与CD交于点G，∠P与∠A、∠C的关系是。
（3）如图4，BE平分∠ABD，CE平分∠ACD，如果∠A=600，∠D=1200，那么∠E= 。
3、双高；（1）如图5，BD、CE是△ABC中的两条高，两条高交于点P，则∠BPC与∠A的关系是：（2）如图6，BD、CE是△ABC中的两条高，两条高的延长线交于点F，则∠F与∠A的关系是：4、一高一平分线：如图7，在△ABC中，AD⊥BC于D，AE平分∠BAC，则∠DAE与∠B、∠C的关系是。
如图8，在△ABC中，AD⊥BC于延长线上一点D，AE平分∠BAC，则∠DAE与∠B、∠ACB的关系是。
5、三角形折角如图（9），将纸片△ABC沿DE折叠展平，则A与∠1和∠2的关系是。
如图（10），将纸片△ABC沿DE折叠展平，则A与∠1和∠2的关系分别是。
6、外角比、高的比（1）如图（11）一个三角形的三个内角的比是2：3:7，则对应外角的比是（2）如图（12）一个三角形三边的比是a:b:c，则对应边上高的比是7、多边形的边与角n边形共有条对角线，n边形的内角和是， n 边形的外角和是。
正n边形的每个内角的度数是；每个外角的度数是8、密铺密铺的实质是围绕一点拼在一起的几个多边形的这几个内角的和等于。
知识应用（图1）（图2）（图3）（图4）（图5）（图6）（图7）（图8）（图9）（图10）（图11）（图12）1、（8分）如左图，∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E+∠F+∠G= 如右图，∠A+∠B+∠C+∠D+∠E+∠F+∠G+∠H=2、（3分）△ABC 中，能判定三角形是直角三角形的条件有 （填序号） ① ∠A ：∠B:∠C=3:4:7 ② ∠A ＋∠B=∠C③11A=B=C 23∠∠∠ ④ A=2B=3C ∠∠∠ ⑤A B=C ∠-∠∠3、（3分）根据下列条件，能确定三角形形状的是（ ） （1）最小内角是20°；（2）最大内角是100°； （3）最大内角是89°； （4）三个内角都是60°； （5）有两个内角都是80°． A ．（1）、（2）、（3）、（4） B ．（1）、（3）、（4）、（5） C ．（2）、（3）、（4）、（5） D ．（1）、（2）、（4）、（5）4、（6分）已知 a 、b 、c 是△ABC 的三边，则化简代数式a b c b c a c a b --+--+--=5、（6分）已知一个多边形的每一个外角都相等,一个内角与一个外角的度数之比为11:1,求这个多边形的边数n6、（6分） 一个凸n 多边形，所有内角的和加上一个外角后和是2570O 。
第二周周考dsfads
第1页 共4页 ◎ 第2页 共4页………○…………订……_________班级：___________考号：订…………○…………线…………○第二周周考第I 卷（选择题）1．下列关于叶绿体和线粒体的叙述，正确的是 A. 线粒体在有氧和无氧条件下都能分解葡萄糖 B. 叶绿体在光照和黑暗环境中都能分解水 C. 线粒体基质和叶绿体基质都能产生ATP D. 线粒体和叶绿体都能参与物质和能量代谢 2．线虫发育过程中由受精卵共产生671个子细胞，最终发育成的幼虫只有558个细胞。
下列有关叙述错误的是A. 受精卵有丝分裂产生的所有细胞具有相同的核遗传信息B. 细胞数目的减少是由基因所决定的细胞自动结束生命的过程C. 受精卵发育成幼虫过程细胞内蛋白质种类和数量未发生改变D. 线虫的发育过程是基因组在一定时空上程序性表达的结果 3．下列以洋葱(见下图)为材料的实验,不能达到实验目的的是A. 用绿色叶片提取叶绿体中的光合色素B. 用鱗片叶外表皮观察细胞的失水和吸水C. 用鱗片叶内表皮观察RNA 在细胞中的分布D. 用根尖细胞观察减数分裂中染色体的变化4．大鼠某神经元白天胞内Cl -浓度高于胞外,夜晚则相反。
该神经元主要受递质γ-氨基丁酸的调节，γ-氨基丁酸与受体结合后会引起Cl -通道开放,使Cl -顺浓度梯度通过离子通道转移。
下列有关叙述错误的是 A. γ-氨基丁酸在神经元之间传递信息B. γ-氨基丁酸与受体结合后使C1-外流C. 白天γ-氨基丁酸使该神经元兴奋D. 夜晚γ-氨基丁酸使该神经元抑制5．下列关于内环境及其稳态的叙述中，正确的是 A. 人体剧烈运动后大量乳酸导致血浆PH 明显下降 B. T 细胞既参与体液免疫也参与细胞免疫过程 C. 人体内环境稳态的失调与外界环境无关 D. 内环境渗透压下降会引起人体尿量减少6．人类红绿色盲的基因(A 、a)位于X 染色体上，秃顶的基因（B 、b)位于常染色体上，但其性状表现与性别有关，Bb 和BB 的女性表现为非秃顶，而只有BB 的男性才表现为非秃顶。
2021届上海市实验学校高三第一周周考英语试题
上海市实验学校2021届高三第一周周考英语试题II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last summer, I had just enough money (21) ________ (save) to buy a golden ticket -- a 3-month train pass that would take me to the furthest reaches of Europe. Excited for my journey, I packed all the necessities --- (22) ________ the guidebook.While the convenience of the Internet was definitely (23) ________ contributing factor to my decision not to carry the few expensive kilograms of out-of-date information in my suitcase, this was not the only reason I decided to fly solo.To be honest, my main problem with the guidebook is that I find it limits a journey -- like a bossy aunt (24) ________ is always telling you what to do, although she doesn't always know what is best. Sometimes it's better to read outside the lines. Sometimes it's better not to read any lines at all.Experience has taught me that there is a distinction between a tourist and a traveler. (25) ________ waiting in a queue to see Michelangelo's David in Florence, I met a man who had a checklist. He showed me his list of "Top 20 things to do it Italy" and boasted that he had seen everything Italy had to offer in just four days. The problem that I had with this man's approach to (26) ________ (travel) was that he was focused on ticking the boxes which were provided by his guidebook. He (27) ________ (lose) in the list of the "must-sees" and blind to all that was happening around him.Guidedbook-less (28) ________we were, my companion and I tasted the joy of being a traveler when visiting Estonia, the Baltic country bordering Russia. Arriving on nothing more than a whim（突发的念头）, we had no option but (29) ________ (approach) some friendly faces for advice. We introduced ourselves and asked them what was happening around town. When this resulted in an invitation to a beautiful Estonian home by a river (30) ________ we enjoyed a 110-degree wood-stove sauna（桑拿浴）, locally picked forest-mushrooms and the good company of our five new-found Estonian friends, we sure were glad we had left our bossy aunt at home.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beIn the 1960s and 1970s, classic social psychological studies were conducted that providedevidence that even normal, decent people can engage in acts of extreme cruelty when instructed to do so by others. However, in an essay published in the open access journal PLOS Biology, Professors Alex Haslam and Stephen Richer revisit these studies' (31) ________ and explain how awful acts involve not just obedience, but enthusiasm too -- (23) ________ the long-held belief that human beings are "programmed" for conformity（一致性）.This belief can be traced back to two landmark empirical research programs (33) ________ by Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo in the 1960s and early 1970s. Milgram's "obedience to Authority" research is widely believed to show that people (34) ________ follow the instructions of an authority figure, and Zimbardos Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) is commonly understood to show that people will take on abusive roles uncritically.However, Professor Haslam, from the University of Queensland, argues that tyranny（暴行）does not result from blind conformity to (35) ________ and roles. Rather, it is a creative act of follower-ship, resulting from (36) ________ with authorities who represent vicious acts as virtuous."Decent people participate in horrific acts not because they become passive, mindless people who do not know what they are doing, but rather because they come to believe - typically under the influence of those in (37) ________ that what they are doing is right, "Professor Haslam explained.Professor Reicher, of the University of St Andrews, added that it is not that they were blind to the evil they were (38) ________, but rather that they knew what they were doing, and believed it to be right.These conclusions were partly informed by Professors Haslam and Reicher's own prison experiment, conducted in 2002 in cooperation with the BBC. The study generated three findings. First, participants did not automatically take their (39) ________ role; second, they only acted in terms of group membership to the extent that they identified with the group; and finally, group identity did not mean that people simply accepted their assigned position -- it also empowered them to resist it.Professor Reicher concludes that tyranny does not flourish because criminals are helpless and (40) ________; it flourished because they are convinced that they are doing something worthy.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many procedures are available for obtaining data about a language. They range from a carefully planned, intensive field investigation of a foreign language in a foreign country to a41________ study of one's own mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home. To do this, someone has to act as a 42________ of language data -- an informant. Informants are 43________native speakers of a language who provide words and sentences for analysis and other kinds of information about the language.Many factors must be considered when selecting informants -- whether one is working with a single speaker or more people interacting. Age, sex, social background and other aspects of44________ are important, as these factors are known to influence the type of the 45________ used. The topic of conversation and the characteristics of the social setting are also highly46_________, as are the personal qualities of the informants.Today, researchers often tape-record informants. This enables the linguist's claims about the language to be 47________, and provides a way of making those claims more accurate as difficult pieces of speech can be listened to repeated. But obtaining naturalistic, good-quality data is never easy. People 48________ abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. A variety of tape-recording procedures have thus been devised to 49________ the "observer's paradox", a situation in which people feel strange to each other. Some recordings are made without the speakers being aware of the fact -- a procedure that obtains very natural data, though ethical（道德的）50________ must be expected.51________, attempts can be made to make the speaker forget about the recording, such as keeping the tape-recorder out of sight, or using radio microphones. A useful technique is to introduce a topic that quickly involves the speaker, and stimulates a 52________ language style, like asking older informants about how times have changed in their locality.An audio tape recording does not solve all of the lingust's problems, however. Speech is often ambiguous or unclear. Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be 53________ by the observer's written comments on the non-verbal behavior of the participants , and about the context in general. A 54________ expression, for example, can dramatically alter the meaning of what is said. Video recordings avoid these problems to large extent, but even they have 55________ as the camera cannot be everywhere, and the transcriptions always benefits from any additional commentary provided by an observer.41. A. linguistic B. casual C. familiar D. social42. A. source B. store C. means D. medium43. A. mostly B. naturally C. ideally D. merely44. A. education B. identity C. knowledge D. experience45. A. system B. element C. structure D. language46. A. suitable B. sensitive C. relevant D. flexible47. A. checked B. remembered C. drafted D. organized48. A. judge B. talk C. greet D. act49. A. monitor B. analyze C. guide D. minimize50. A. instruction B. values C. objections D. awareness51. A. Alternatively B. Oddly C. Eventually D. Consequently52. A. familiar B. native C. natural D. certain53. A. transformed B. released C. developed D. supplemented54. A. usual B. facial C. free D. flexible55. A. options B. accusation C. conditions D. limitationsSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the sketchiest. It's a vague, pit-of-the-stomach dread that sneaks up to you -- that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m., or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says "Hmmmm" for the third time.Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and either ruin your appetite or cause Olympian eating binges. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety -- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating --- may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate, Maybe you're just high-strung. If so, meditation is worth a try. It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.If you've never done meditation, try this technique: Sit quietly in a comfortable position and take a few deep, cleansing breaths to relax your muscles. Then choose a calming word or phrase. (Experts suggest either a word or short phrase with religious significance, or the word one.) Silently repeat the word or phrase for 20 minutes. As you find your thoughts straying, gently return your focus to your repeated word and continue to breathe deeply.Jog, walk, swim, or cycle. If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive like running or swimming laps.Treatment?Odds are that you learn to handle anxiety better. Here's how.Remember to breathe. When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect. To make sure that you're breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm（横膈膜）, just below your rib cage. Feel it rise with each inhalation and fall with each exhalation.Analyze and act. The antidote（矫正方法）to anxiety is analysis and action. To rid yourself ofthat vague sense of dread, you have to figure out exactly what it is that you dread. Then you can map a plan of action to do something about it. Usually the first step in this action plan is to find out more about the problem.Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself, "What, in particular, am I afraid that I'll muff?" Maybe you're afraid that you'll get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you're worried that you're blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meeting. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely vetoed? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meed deadlines, or join a public speaking class.56. What does the word "sketchiest" in Paragraph One Mean?A. The most uncomfortableB. The least serious.C. The most dreadful.D. The most irritable .57. Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?>A. Lower in concentrationB. No appetite.C. Heart racingD. High blood pressure.58. Jog, walk, swim, or cycle is, to a certain extent, similar to meditation because ________A. it can relieve your uneasiness effectively.B. exercise can make anxious people calm.C. doing exercises can relax your muscles.D. it's kind of repetitive exercise.59. Which of the following statements about breath is CORRECT?A. Quick and deep breathing have a calming effect.B. Breathing deeply can calm an anxious person.C. The diaphragm falls with each inhalationD. The rib cage rises with each exhalation.(B)California's new governor, Gavin Newsom, faces an early policy dilemma: whether to take action to expand the rights of workers in the gig economy. Newsom's ailies in organized labor support reform; his technology-industry backers oppose it. A compromise is possible, and that's what Newsom should propose.In the U. S., at least 1.6 million people - Uber and Lyft drivers, repairmen - earn money through online - service platforms. Since they are classified as independent contractors and not employees, these workers do not receive benefits like overtime or sick pay, aren't covered by minimum-wage laws, and lack collective-bargaining rights（集体谈判权）.Lawmakers in California are weighting proposals that aim to give independent workers the same benefits as employees. Such mandates（命令）, however, risk driving up labor and consumer costs, accelerating automation, and crushing start-ups that want to experiment with new modes ofemployment.Newsom should intervene and there's pressure to act quickly. In a decision last April, the California Supreme Court ruled that Dynamex Operations West, Inc., a same-day courier service, had to satisfy a strict three-part test in order to continue classifying its delivery drivers as independent contractor. Broadly applied, the ruling could force online companies to designate nearly all workers who use their platforms as employees.This might make sense if companies were using large numbers of unprotected freelancers as the equivalent of full-time employees, but that's not the case. Despite the proliferation（激增）of Uber-style apps, recent data shows that the share of U. S. workers in non-traditional jobs has remained steady for the last decade, at around 7 percent. The majority of independent workers don't rely solely on gigs for their livelihoods: They use online platforms to supplement income from other jobs.Tech companies are pushing California's legislature to block the Dynamex standard from becoming statewide law. The industry is right to oppose such sweeping regulations -- but wrong to prevent more limited reforms that could clarify the status of workers in the gig economy and reduce litigation（诉讼）in the process.Newsom should look to strike a deal. He should persuade the tech industry to accept, legislation that gives gig workers more benefits than they currently receive, includinganti-discrimination protections and access to portable benefits, but not the full range of benefits that typically flow to hourly employees, including overtime pay and unemployment insurance. To satisfy demands from labor groups, California could give digital - platform workers organizing right and a way to bargain collectively -- a model the city of Seattle has introduced for domestic workers such as nannies, cleaners and home caregivers.A grand bargain for California's gig economy workers wont' please all sides. But it would avoid serious harm to innovation and work opportunities, and move the issue from the courts to the legislative arena, where it belongs.60. California lawmakers' proposal might bring about________.A. improved labor efficiencyB. increased service pricesC. more job opportunitiesD. new modes of employment61. Which of the following best represents the authors' view on a broad application of the Dynamex standard?A. It accords with tech companies' working process.B. It overlooks full-time employees' legitimate rights.C. It provides a safeguard for freelancers' basic interests.D. It neglects gig's primary role as a source of side income.62. The author holds that it is wise for the tech industry to ________.A. push the Dynamex standard to become state lawB. offer a full range of benefits to independent workersC. substitute gig workers with hourly employeesD. embrace limited legislative protections for gig workers(C)In recent months Google and Facebook have made changes that may escape the notice of most of their billions of users, but not of news organizations. Facebook began displaying the logos of publishers in some of its posts, so readers can identify the news source. And Google for the first time gave publishers the ability to control how many times the search engines' users can visit news sites free of charge. Both Sill directly help papers to sell subscriptions.To critics of the social - media giants, that might look like wolves offering to help the sheep while still feasting on the herd. The business of both Facebook and Alphabet, parent of Google and YouTube, is to occupy people's time and attention with their free services and content, and to sell ads against those eyeballs. For them, quality journalism is just another hook.Facebook calls its "News Feed" offering its most important product, but in recent years it has twisted the feed in ways that de-emphasize actual news, instead prioritizing updates from friends and family over those from publishers. The associated ad revenues for many publishers have been either nominal, in the case of Facebook's fast-loading "instant articles", or as yet mostlynon-existent, in the case of videos they make for the social network. News sites have found they have no choice but to work with the two tech giants, however: Facebook, with its 2bn users, and Google, which directs 10bn clicks a month to publishers, are where their readers are.So there is no confusion about where the power lies. That is unlikely to change much in future, although publishers are fighting back a bit. A union of nearly 2,000 news organizations, the News Media Alliance, is asking Congress for an antitrust exemption to allow publishers to negotiate collectively which the two firms. That the tech giants are making concessions may be because they sense that the political mood is turning against them, or because of genuine concern for the media ecosystem.Media executives at firms that rely more on selling ads than subscriptions are more enthusiastic about Facebook and Google. "We see them as a friend," says Paul Zwillenberg, owner of the Daily Mail. Mail Online has doubled daily visitors and engagement in part by making videos for Facebook and YouTube. That does not mean giving up on direct internet traffic (on which Mail Online can sell ads without sharing revenue with Facebook or Google).But selling digital ads on their own websites is a challenge for most news organizations, in part because of the competition from the duopoly. Facebook and Alphabet will take the majority of all digital - ad revenue globally this year. Their data on user's browsing activities give them a huge advantage in micro - targeting users. Wherever journalism turns, Facebook and Google loom large. Their recent moves, although welcome to many publishers, are unlikely to alter the path of the relationship.63. The underlined phrase (Para.2) most probably means that Google and Facebook are________.A. providing the sources of their news to usersB. hindering newspapers from selling subscriptions.C. using quality journalism to attract attentionD. attempting to take over news organizations64. According to Paragraph 3, in recent years "News Feed" has ________.A. highlighted news updated by journalistsB. favored updates within the circle of friendsC. begun uploading quality news from publishers.D. experienced a serious decline in ad revenues65. The News Media Alliance is mentioned to show that publishers are ________.A. dissatisfied with the free news on social mediaB. worried about the ecosystem of news publishingC. striving to strengthen their competitive forceD. suing the media giants for monopoly behavior66. What is the subject of the text?A. Publishers should fight against the media giants' duopolyB. The digital ads era:Publishers' fortune or misfortune?C. Publishers have no choice but to work with the media giantsD. Social media or publisher:Who has the power?Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement（偿付）, most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions. ________67________ A company that reimburses employees for all college credit courses --- whether job related or not --- offers service not only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the company's dedication to its employees and it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is make investment in them.________68________ A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of itsemployees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employee turnover（流动）, because even employees who don't take advantage of tuition reimbursement programs will be more devoted to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay for their education.Although companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. ________69________ Thus, throughout those years, the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesn't have to fill a high-level vacancy from the outside. ________70________.Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employer's part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.第II卷IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For decades, it has been common practice for rich countries to give aid to their poor counterparts. However, in recent years there has been a growing belief that international aid could be harmful to the recipients. I agree that giving aid to poor countries could do more harm than good.It is true that foreign aid has some benefits. Poor countries can use financial aid to build infrastructure such as roads and schools, thereby facilitating economic growth. Millions of Africans now have access to clean water wells, built with aid money, when previously many of them got sick drinking filthy water. When natural disasters strike poor countries, it is common for the international community to send medical assistance and food to them, thus helping to relieve the suffering of those affected and save lives.However, international aid has far more drawbacks. Around the globe poor countries are often troubled by poor governance, and it is likely that aid to these countries will end up being embezzled（盗用）by corrupt officials, rather than bringing real, concrete benefits to people in need. In war-torn areas, financial assistance may even be used to purchase weapons and in effect fuel conflicts. Foreign aid also has the effect of disrupting the local markets of the recipient countries. When farmers can receive free food on a regular basis they may lose the incentives to grow food on their own. This will hinder the growth of the food industry and create a culture of dependence that is harmful to a country's long-term development.In summary, although international aid does have its positive aspects, these remain limited in both scope and scale. In many cases, giving aid to poor countries often defeats its purpose, andgovernments the world over should be prudent（审慎的）when it comes to sending and receiving aid.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 在成长的道路上面对各种挫折和诱惑，我们必须不忘初心。
高一9月第二周周考(地理)试题含答案
高一9月第二周周考（地理）（考试总分：70 分）一、选择题组（本题共计11小题，总分50分）1.（4分）图为太阳系局部示意图，读图完成下面小题。
1．图中天体系统共有A．一级B．二级C．三级D．四级2．图中的天体甲是A．水星B．金星C．火星D．木星2.（6分）2020年1月6日，美国航空航天局（NASA）宣布，发现了一个与地球类似的，可供人类未来居住的“宜居地球”，并将其命名为“TOI 700d”，距离地球仅100光年。
据此完成下面小题。
3．“TOI 700d”最可能位于（）A．地月系B．太阳系C．银河系D．河外星系4．“TOI 700d”天体属于（）A．卫星B．行星C．恒星D．彗星5．判断“TOI 700d”宜居的主要依据是（）A．与地球相似的地表形态B．具有地月系一样的天体系统C．具有与地球相近的温度D．获得与地球上相似的可见光3.（4分）电影《流浪地球》讲述太阳即将毁灭，人类面临绝境。
因此人类将开启“流浪地球”计划，地球最终将泊入比邻星宜居轨道，成为比邻星的行星。
下图为地球泊入比邻星轨道示意图。
读图完成下面小题。
6．地球在流浪过程中依次经过的天体运行轨道是A．水星、金星、火星、木星B．金星、木星、火星、天王星C．火星、木星、土星、天王星D．木星、土星、海王星、天王星7．关于地球泊入比邻星宜居轨道后的推测，不可信的是A．地球与比邻星距离适中，能保持适宜的温度B．地球表面有坚硬的岩石，能避免星际物质撞击C．比邻星性质较为稳定，能提供稳定的光照条件D．宜居轨道能提供较为安全、稳定的宇宙环境4.（6分）最新研究表明，类似地球最简单、最远古的微生物，可幸存于火星极端稀薄的大气层中。
当前火星表面干燥寒冷，但是大量证据显示，数十亿年前河流、湖泊和海洋覆盖在火星表面。
由于地球有液态水存在的区域就可能有生命，科学家猜测当火星处于潮湿气候状态下，生命体可以进化形成。
据此完成下面小题。
8．通常情况下火星很难有生命孕育，主要是因为()A．常年低大气压环境B．缺乏足够的液态水C．日温度两极化现象D．距日距离较远9．火星生命体可以形成的条件必须要有()①微生物的存在②水资源充足③光照、温度适宜④适宜的大气环境A．①③④B．②③④C．①②④D．①②③10．液态水是生命起源和发展的重要条件，下列与地球存在“液态水”直接相关的是（）①地球与太阳的距离比较适中②地球上昼夜更替的周期较近中③地球的质量和体积适中④地球处于一种比较安全的宇宙环境之中A．①④B．①②C．②③D．②④5.（4分）2019年2月23日，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）与比利时天文学家团队宣布：在距离地球39光年的“Tappist-1”恒星系统的七颗行星中，有三颗位于宜居带。
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周周考语文练习（二）文言文专项练习阅读下面两段文言文回答问题。
陆贾从高祖定天下，名为有口辩士，居左右，常使诸侯。
及高祖时，中国初定，尉佗平南越，因王之。
高祖使陆贾赐尉佗印，为南越王。
陆生至，尉佗椎结①箕．踞见陆生。
陆生因．说佗曰：“足下中国人，亲戚．．昆弟坟墓在真定。
今足下弃反天性，捐冠带，欲以区区之越与天子抗衡为敌国，祸且及身矣！且夫秦失其政，诸侯豪杰并起，惟汉王先入关，据咸阳。
项籍倍．约，自立为西楚霸王，诸侯皆属，可谓至强。
然汉王起巴蜀，鞭笞天下，劫诸侯，遂诛项羽灭之。
五年之间，海内平定，此非人力，天下所建也。
天子闻君王王．南越，不助天下诛暴逆．．，将相欲移兵而诛．王；天下怜百姓新劳苦，且休之，遣臣授君王印，剖符通使。
君王宜郊迎，北面．．称臣。
乃欲以．新造未集之越，屈强于此。
汉诚闻之，掘烧郡王先人冢墓，夷种宗族，使一偏将将十万众临越，越则杀王已降汉，如反覆．．手耳。
”于是尉佗乃．蹶然起坐，谢陆生曰：“居蛮夷中久，殊失礼仪。
”因问陆生曰：“我孰与．．萧何、曹参、韩信贤？”陆生曰：“王似贤。
”复问：“我孰与皇帝贤？”陆曰：“皇帝起丰、沛，讨暴秦，诛强楚，为天下兴利除害，继五帝、三王之业，统理中国，中国之人以．亿计，地方万里，居天下之膏腴，人众车舆．，万物殷富，政由．一家，自天地剖判，未尝有也。
今王众不过数十万，皆蛮夷，踦区②山海之间，譬若汉一郡，何可乃比于汉王！”尉佗大笑曰：“吾不起中国，故王此；使我居中国，何遣不若汉！”乃大悦陆生，留与饮数月。
曰：“越中无足与语，至生来，令我日闻所不闻。
”陆生拜尉佗为南越王，令称臣奉汉约。
归报，高祖大悦，拜为太中大夫。
（节选自《说苑·奉使》）南越王尉佗者，真定人也，姓赵氏。
秦时已并天下。
至二世时，南海尉任嚣病且死，召龙川令赵佗。
即被佗书，行南海尉事。
嚣死，佗因稍以法诛秦所．置长史，以．其党为假守。
秦已破灭，佗即击并桂林、象郡，自立为南越武王。
高帝已定天下，为中国劳苦，故释佗弗诛。
汉十一年，谴陆贾因立佗为南越王。
（节选自《史记·南越前传》）【注】①椎结：同“椎髻”，发髻梳成一撮，形状如椎。
②踦区：同“崎岖”。
1、对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确．．．的一项是（5分）A．我孰与．．萧何、曹参、韩信贤？孰与：与……相比谁……（怎么样）B．君王宜郊迎，北面．．称臣北面：在北面。
C．亲戚．．昆弟坟墓在真定亲戚：父母。
D．如反覆．．手耳反覆：翻转。
2、对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（5分）A．天子闻君王王．南越王：称王。
B．不助天下诛暴逆．．暴逆：残暴，反叛。
C．尉佗椎结箕．踞见陆生箕：像簸箕一样。
D．君王宜郊．迎郊：到郊外。
3、对下列句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（5分）A．人众车舆．舆：繁多，众多。
B．政由．一家由：犹如，如同。
C．项籍倍．约倍：违背，背叛。
D．诸侯皆属，可谓至．强至：极，特别。
4、对下列句子中文言句式，不同于其他的一项是（5分）A．足下中国人。
B．此非人力，天下所建也。
C.自天地剖判，未尝有也。
D.南越王尉佗者，真定人也。
5.下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是（5分）A．乃欲以新造未集之越B．中国之人以亿计C．佗因稍以法诛秦所置长史D．以其党为假守4.下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是（5分）A．陆生因．说佗曰伺者因．此觉知B．将相欲移兵而．诛王今人有大功而．击之C．尉佗乃．蹶然起坐今其智乃．反不能急D．佗因稍以法诛秦所．置长史独籍所．杀汉军数百人【答案】D【解析】本题考查理解常见文言虚词在文中的意义和用法的能力。
能力层级为B级。
本试题四项采用组内两两比较的形式，考查虚词意义和用法的异同，其中4句选自文本，另外4句选自课本，以课外考课内。
这种形式既考查学生的能力，又降低了试题的难度，同时，有利于引导学生重视课内知识的学习与巩固，少到课外搞题海战术。
D项，所，助词，用在动词前，与“所”构成名词性短语。
A项，因，副词，于是/介词，因为，介绍动作行为发生的原因；B项，而，目的连词，来/转折连词，却；C项，乃，连词，于是/副词，竟然。
6．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确．．．的一项是（）（3分）A．陆贾极具政治才干。
他深受高祖信任，跟随高祖平定天下；代表朝廷出使南越，成功游说尉佗归顺汉王朝，得到高祖的肯定，被任命为太中大夫。
B．尉佗原本自傲自大。
与陆贾会面时，他举止无礼，态度轻慢；认为自己既有将相之才，亦有帝王之能，且南越君民同心，足以与汉王朝分庭抗礼。
C．委托亦能审时度势。
他本为龙川令，受命于任嚣，带任南海尉，趁天下大乱统一了南越；后听从陆贾的劝导与建议，接受朝廷封赏，臣服于汉王朝。
D．陆贾游说技巧高超。
为说服尉佗，他从国力、军事等方面分析了对方可能面临的情势，进而使其醒悟到只有遵从朝廷的约束才能保住切身利益。
【答案】B【解析】本题主要考查考生分析和概括文本内容的能力，能力层级为D级。
解答本题的关键是比对选项,排除错误。
做这类题目要理解文章内容，抓住人、物、时、地、事、理六要素回归原文，要细读选项将总体认识和细节分析结合起来对比阅读。
防止发生张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意等方面的错误。
B项，“且南越君民同心”于文无据。
7．把原文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（20分）（1）今足下弃反天性，捐冠带，欲以区区之越与天子抗衡为敌国，祸且及身矣！译文：___________________________________________________________（4分）（2）吾不起中国，故王此；使我居中国，何遣不若汉！译文：___________________________________________________________（3分）（3）越中无足与语，至生来，令我日闻所不闻。
译文：____________________________________________________________（3分）【答案】示例：（1）而现在您却一反中国人的习俗，丢弃衣冠巾带，想用只有弹丸之地的小小南越来和天子抗衡，成为敌国，那你的大祸也就要临头了。
（2）我不能在中原发迹起家，所以才在此称王。
假使我占据中国，我又哪里比不上汉王呢？（3）南越人当中没有一个和我谈得来，等你来到这里之后，才使我每天都能听到过去所未曾听到的事情。
【解析】本题考查考生理解并翻译文中的句子的能力，能力层次为B级。
“理解并翻译文中的句子”侧重于考查对句意的理解与表述，具有综合性的特点。
翻译要根据上下文意，直译为主，意译为辅，字字落实，引申、调整、补充，注意重点实词、虚词含义的准确，注意文言句式、通假字的用法等。
得分点：（1）“足下”“捐”“区区”各1分，流畅1分；（2）“中国”“王”各1分，流畅1分；（3）“语”、“生”各1分，流畅1分。
参考译文：陆贾是楚国人，以幕僚宾客的身份随从高祖平定天下，当时人们都称他是很有口才的说客，所以伴随在高祖的身边常常出使各个诸侯国。
在高祖刚把中国平定的时候，尉佗也平定了南越，便在那里自立为王。
高祖考虑天下初定，中国劳苦，就没有诛杀尉佗，还派遣陆贾带着赐给尉佗的南越王之印前去任命。
陆生到了南越，尉佗梳着当地流行的一撮锥子一样的发髻，像簸箕一样地伸开两腿坐着，接见陆生。
陆生就此高尉佗说道：“您本是中国人，亲戚、兄弟祖先的坟墓都在真定。
而现在您却一反中国人的习俗，丢弃衣冠巾带，想用只有弹丸之地的小小南越来和天子抗衡，成为敌国，那你的大祸也就要临头了。
况且秦朝暴虐无道，诸侯豪杰都纷纷而起，只有汉王首先入关，占据咸阳。
项羽背叛盟约，自立为西楚霸王，诸侯们都归属于他，可以称得上是强大无比。
但是汉王从巴蜀出兵之后，征服天下，平定诸侯，杀死项羽，灭掉楚国。
五年之间，中国平定。
这不是人力所能办到的，而是上天辅佐的结果。
现在大汉天子听说您在南越称王，不愿意帮助天下人讨平暴逆，汉朝将相都想带兵来消灭您。
但是天子爱惜百姓，想到他们刚刚经历了战争的劳苦乱离，因此才暂且罢兵，派遣我授予你南越王的金印，剖符为信，互通使臣。
您理应到郊外远迎，面向北方，拜倒称臣，但是您却想以刚刚建立，还没有把人众收拢起的小小南越，在此桀骜不驯。
倘若让朝廷知道了此事，挖掘烧毁您祖先的坟墓，诛灭您的宗族，再派一名偏将带领十万人马来到越地，那么南越人杀死您投降汉朝，就如同翻一下手背那么容易。
”尉佗听罢，立刻站起身来，向陆生道歉说：“我在蛮夷中居住得时间长了，所以太失礼了”接着，他又问陆生：“我和萧何、曹参、韩信相比，谁更有德有才呢？”陆生说道：“您似乎比他们强一点。
”尉佗又问：“那我和皇帝相比呢？”陆生回答：“皇帝从丰沛起兵，讨伐暴虐的秦朝，扫平强大的楚国，为整个天下的人兴利除害，继承了五帝三皇的宏伟业绩，纹理整个中国。
而中国的人口以亿来计算，土地方圆万里，处于天下最富饶的地域，人多车众，物产丰富，政令出于一家，这种盛况是从开天辟地以来从未有过的。
而现在您的人众不过几十万，而且都是未开化的蛮夷，又居住在这局促狭小的山地海隅之间，只不过如同汉朝的一个郡罢了，您怎么竟同汉朝相比呢？”通过交谈，尉佗非常喜欢陆生，留下他和自己饮酒作乐好几个月。
尉佗说：“南越人当中没有一个和我谈得来，等你来到这里之后，才使我每天都能听到过去所未曾听到的事情。
”尉佗还送给陆生一个袋装包裹，价值千金，另外还送给他不少其他礼品，也价值千金。
陆生终于完成拜尉佗为南越王的使命，使他向汉称臣，服从汉的管制约束。
陆贾还朝之后，把以上情况向高祖汇报，高祖非常高兴，任命陆贾为太中大夫。
（节选自《说苑·奉使》）南越王尉佗是真定人，姓赵。
秦国兼并了天下。
到秦二世时，南海郡尉任嚣得病将死，把龙川令赵佗召来，任嚣死后，赵佗逐渐用法律杀了秦朝安置的官吏，而用他的亲信做代理长官。
秦朝被消灭后，赵佗就攻击并兼并了桂林和象郡，立自己为南越武王。
汉高祖已经平定了天下，因为中原百姓劳顿困苦，所以汉高祖放过了赵佗，没有杀他。
汉高帝十一年（前196），派遣陆贾去南越，命令赵佗因袭他的南越王的称号。
（节选自《史记·南越前传》）。