八年级下第二次月考答案
初中英语八年级下册月考试卷(含答案)
八年级英语下第二次月考试题班级：姓名：一、单项选择（40）( )1.Our parents often tell us not_______alone in the river in summer.A.swimB.to swimC.swimmingD.swam( )2.This story happened________ a small island.A.atB.onC.inD.of( )3.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now he has no place to_______.A.liveB.live onC.live inD.live with( )4.We found_______necessary to protect animals in danger.A.itB.thisC.thatD./( )5.You should_______smoking. It’s bad for your health.A.get upB.put upC.give upD.look up( )6. Mo Yan is one of ____most popular writers in the world. He was____honest boy when he was child.A.a; aB.a; anC.the; aD.the; an( )7 .The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.A. so, thatB. as, asC. too, toD. very, to( )8. Why _______home tomorrow?A.not goB.not goingC.not to goD.didn’t go( )9.I _________ some mo ney from him, but I’ll _______ it to him in a few days.A.borrow, returnB.lend, borrowC.borrow, keepD.borrow, lend ( )10.It was _________ exciting news for all the students.A.aB.anC.theD. /( )11. I am much better _________ Chinese _________ our teachers’ help.A.in, atB.at, inC.at, withD.with, with( )12._______ high school students in a poor mountain village is a difficult job.A.TeachingB.TeachC.TeachesD.Teachers( )13. Mother couldn’t find her ring. So she wanted to know _________.A.where it isB.where it wasC.where is heD.she was where ( )14.We_____ go on a picnic if it_____rain tomorrow.A.don’t, isn’tB.don’t, stopC. will, doesn’tD.aren’t, doesn’t ( )15.If you don’t want to go swimming, I ______.A.won’t, tooB.also won’tC.won’t, eitherD.won’t , neither ( )16. He was_____ tired ___he couldn’t go on working.A.too…toB.such…thatC.so…thatD.to o…that( )17.What an _______ story! I am much _________ in it.A.interested, interestingB.interesting, interestedC.interesting, interestingD.interested, interested( )18.My life will be ______ than it is now.A.more betterB.much goodC.much betterD.many better( )19.I ______to Hong Kong twice since I came to China 3 years ago .A.wentB.goC.have goneD.have been( ) 20. He is ______ a friendly man that people miss him very much .A.soB.suchC.themD. /( )21.Mother used to__the song“Where’s time going?”.Now she is used to____it.A.hating, listenB.hated, listened toC.hate, listening toD.hating, listening ( )22.Tony studies very ______. He often does his homework until 10:30p.m., but his brother Tom______ does homework.A. hardly, hardlyB. hard, hardlyC. hardly, hardD.hard, hard( )23.You eat _______ junk food. I think you need________vegetables.A.too much, muchB. too many, manyC. too much, lots ofD. too many, lot ( )24. The driver saw an old man _______ on the side of the road .A lie y C. lying D. to lie( )25.How kind you are! You always do what you can____ others.A. helpB. helpingC. helpsD. to help( )26. He _____ lots of money to the people in trouble _______.A.gave out; help them outB. gave away; to help them outC. put out; to help them outD. gave away; to help out them( )27. Could you give me a hand? I want to___the map on the wall.A. put upB. look upC. set upD. mix up( )28 .They need to come______ a good idea.A. on withB. up toC. on toD. up with( )29. When I came home, I ___________ my father ___________ a newspaper.A. find, readB. found, readingC. found, readsD. find, reading ( )30 .Could you please ______ me such boring questions? I’m tired.A. not askB. not to askC. not askingD. don’t ask( )31. I want ______ cr eam cake. It’s delicious.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. others( )32.—I’m sorry I ______my bag at home.—You did that last week. Never forget ______ it to school next time.A. forget, to takeB. forget, to bringC. left, to takeD. left, to bring ( )33. The cleaner said, “ __ things we do, __ environment we’ll have” .A. More, betterB. The more, the betterC. Fewer, The lessD. The fewer, better ( )34.Which is _____, German, maths or science?A. more interestingB. the most interestingC. interestingD. the interesting ( )35 .My headteacher saw her ______up some rubbish while he ______ by .A. pick, was passingB.picking, was passingC.was picking, was passingD.picking, passed( )36. The number seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five can be written like this _______A.78,123B. 68,123C.78,645D.78,465( )37. What ____ you ______ at this time yesterday?A. did; doB. are; doingC. were; doingD. did, did( )38. Lin Tao is as ______ as Zhang Hua.A. strongB. strongerC. the strongestD. strongest ( )39. There are five ________ people in the city.A. millionsB. million ofC. millionD. millions of ( )40._______ students in our school enjoy listening to music.A. A number ofB. A number offC. The number ofD. The numbers of二、完形填空（10）One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story ____41___.“He is really bad，”the boy said,“and I 42 him.”The grandfather s aid,“43 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”As Peter 44 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside my he art. One is 45 and kind. He gets on well 46 everything around him. But 47 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can’t think carefully 48 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control me.”Peter looked into h is grandfather’s 49 and asked,“ 50 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少）get angry now.”( )41.A.happily B.friendly C.hardly D.angrily( )42.A.love B.hate C.know D.enjoy( )43.A.Make B.Help C.Let D.Ask( )44.A.saw B.felt C.talked D.listened( )45.A.good B.bad zy D.quiet( )46.A.at B.on C.with D.about( )47.A.other B.others C.another D.the other( )48.A.because B.though C.before D.but( )49.A.eyes B.ears C.nose D.mouth( )50.A.Who B.Which C.Where D.When三、阅读理解（30）AOnce there lived an old man. He liked gold better than anything else in the world. He often said, “If I have enough gold, I will be the happiest man in the world.”One day when he was traveling in the desert, the old man lost his way. He was very hungry and thirsty, but there were only rocks and sand around him. Just then, he found a bag lying on the sand. He hoped he would find water and food in it. He took up the bag and opened it. He saw that the bag was full of gold. He was so sad that he threw away the bag and began crying.Now, the old man knew that there was something better than gold in the world. ( )51. The old man liked ____ best before he traveled in the desert.A. foodB. bagsC. goldD. drinks( )52. When he lost his way, he wanted to get _________.A. some food and waterB. some rocks and sandC. bags full of goldD. some food and sand( )53. What did he do with the bag?A. He didn’t take it up.B. He brought it home.C. He threw it away.D. He picked it up.( )54. The old man did not become the happiest man when he got the bag of goldbecause ______.A. the bag was too smallB. the gold wasn’t hisC. he was very hungry and thirstD. he didn’t like gold a ny more( )55. In the end, the old man knew that gold was _________ in the world.A. the best thingB. not the best thing C .better than anything D. not hisBThere was a pilot and four people in a small plane. Suddenly there was something wrong with the machine while it was flying in the air. The smoke was everywhere in the plane. The pilot told the people there were only four parachutes(降落伞). They all became worried and started to make excuses.“I must go and m end the machine,” said the pilot, taking one of the parachutes. There was nothing he could do，so he jumped out.The first person stood up. “I’m a doctor”, he said. “I help peopl e live longer and I save lives.” He also took a parachute and jumped out.The next p erson said, “I must have p parachute. I am a very clever person. I have to go to an important sport match. I know I’ll win the game because I’ll be the cleverest person t here.” He picked up a backpack and jumped out.Two men were left—an old businessman and a young mountain climber. By this time the plane was going down fast. The businessman said, “Young man, I am old but you’re still young. You take the last parachute.”The young mountain climber smiled. “Don’t worry,” he said, “We can both jump to safety because there are still two parachutes. Just now the clever person jumped out with my backpack.”( )56. All the people became worried because ___.A. they coul dn’t find the parachutesB. they saw the pilot jump out firstC. something was wrong with the plane and one of them might dieD. there was too much smoke and they couldn’t jump out from the plane ( )57. The clever man jumped out with ___.A. a parachuteB. nothingC. the backpack of the climber’sD. two parachutes ( )58. All the people thought of themselves except ____.A. the pilotB. the clever manC. the doctorD. the businessman ( )59. From the story we know _____ would be dead.A. the clever manB. the businessmanC. the pilotD. the doctor ( )60. ____ was a kind-hearted man.A. The pilotB. The mountain climber.C.The businessmanD. The doctorC判断正误，正确的写A,错误的写B.Two friends were walking through the desert. They had an argument, the first friend slapped (一记耳光) the other in the face. The other friend was hurt, but only wrote in the sand: “Today my best friend slapped me in the face.”They kept walking, until found a lake. They decided to cool off and swim. The other friend started going down in the lake, but his friend saved him. After he came back to life, he wrote on a stone: “Today my best friend saved me.” The friend, who slapped and saved his friend, asked him: “After I hurt you, you wrote in the sand, and now, you wrote on the stone. Why?” The other friend answered: “When someone hurts us, we should write down in sand, when the winds of time and forgiveness(宽恕) can blow it. But when someone does something good for us, we must write it on the stone. No wind can blow it away.”( )61. The two friends were walking in the forest.( )62. They were going to cool and swim in the lake.( )63. The other friend wrote sentences on the stone every time.( )64. The winds of time and forgiveness can blow the words in the sand.( )65. In fact, they were real friends.四、根据句意和提示写出正确的单词（8）66.To our ___________(使我们惊讶的是), we found the owner of the lost dog.67.The________（感觉）of helping others makes me _______（觉得）happy.68.They went to the mountain to look for ___________ (财富).69.They didn’t achieve great ___________ (succeed) in life.70.People’s liv ing ____________(状况) were very poor in China in the past.71.The old bike ___________(提醒) me of my grandmother. has the largest _____________(人口) in the world.五、用所给词的适当形式填空（7）73. They couldn’t help ____________(cry) when they saw their parents.74. It was interesting _____ (see) so many places of interest from all over the world.75.One of ___________(beautiful) cities in China is Kunming.76. There are some students __________(lead) us to the forest park.77.Let’s go to Zhangjiajie to enjoy the _________(natural) .78.How long has your mother __________(teach) math at this school ?79.Do you know the girl ______ (call) Mary?六.句型转换（10分）80.He has already finished the homework.（改为否定句）He finished the homework .81.Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.（改为同义句）Tom is in his class.82.She has been a teacher for two years.（就画线部分提问）she been a teacher?83.He has been to an English-speaking country.（改为一般疑问句）he an English-speaking country?84.His sister cleans the room.（改为现在完成时）His sister the room.七、补全对话（5）A. Could I invite my friends to my birthday party on Saturday, Mom?B. Of course! 85 ____ ___.A. Yeah, Um…86 ________.B. What for?A. 87_______.B. I am shopping tomorrow. And I can buy some drinks and snacks for you.A. Oh, good. Thank you, Mom.B. You’re welcome. Oh, could you clean your room?A. 88_______.B. You need to clean it again for your party.A. Ok, but I need to do my homework first.B. That’s right. After you finish your homework, let’s clean the room. I cansweep the floor and do the dishes.A. 89_______.B. Yes, sure.八、作文（10）动物是人类的好朋友，没有动物，人类也不能生存，但现在很多动物濒临灭绝，请你就如何帮助动物提出建议。
八年级下第二次月考试题--语文(含解析).(含答案)
八年级语文下学期第二次月考试题一、积累与运用1.古诗文名句默写。
（1）读书破万卷，__________。
（2）独学而无友，__________。
（3）__________，不知其可。
（4）《桃花源记》中描绘桃花林草美花繁的语句是：__________，__________。
【答案】 (1). （1）下笔如有神 (2). （2）则孤陋而寡闻 (3). （3）人而无信 (4). （4）芳草鲜美 (5). 落英缤纷【解析】【详解】试题分析：默写题作答时，一是要透彻理解诗文的内容；二是要认真审题，找出符合题意的诗文句子；三是答题内容要准确，做到不添字、不漏字、不写错字。
本题中的“孤陋、寡、缤纷”等字词容易写错。
2.阅读下面的文字，按要求答题。
田野里，冬季的冰冷刚刚过去，春季就来了。
花儿草儿们用色彩xuàn染着土地，那迎春绽放的花蕊，吐纳着香甜的空气，那翠绿欲滴的桃浪，拥顶着希望的甜蜜；那冰雪消溶的小河，流淌着生命的脉动。
阳光灿烂的春季拔弄着大地，把地上的生灵变得生机盎然，每个角落都充满了春天的气息。
（1）根据拼音写出相应的汉字，给加点的字注音。
xuàn染（）脉．动（）（2）语段中有两个错别字，找出并改正____改为____ ____改为____【答案】 (1). （1）渲 (2). mài (3). （2）溶 (4). 融 (5). 拔 (6). 拨【解析】【详解】试题分析：（1）作答时，注意易错音的积累，掌握汉语拼写规则，规范拼音书写，不要写成英语字母；根据拼音写汉字，除了根据具体的语境，还要注意同音字、形似字的辨析，避免混淆。
注意“渲”的字形和多音字“脉”字的读音。
（2）错别字的产生原因主要是音同或形似，掌握这个易错点，根据汉字的特点，结合句意和词义辨析判断。
消溶－消融；拔弄－拨弄。
3.下列句子中加点词语使用不正确的一项是（）A. 出了三峡，江面宽阔，眼前豁然开朗．．．．。
2023～2024学年度第二学期第二次月考试题八年级物理(下)
2023～2024学年度第二学期第二次月考试题八年级物理（下）一、单选题(共40 分)1. 下列物体重约为1N的是（）A.一支铅笔B.一根香蕉C.一瓶矿泉水D.一桶食用油2. 在下列说法中，正确的是（）A.船桨是费力杠杆B.物体运动速度越大其惯性越大C.运输机起落架装有宽大的轮子是为了减小对地面的压力D.运动的物体不受力时，运动的速度会减小，最终会停下来3. 目前，我国“天宫”空间站已实现航天员长期驻留，航天员在空间站中可以实施的是（）A.用托盘天平测物体质量B.用哑铃锻炼手臂肌肉C.用弹簧测力计测量物体重力D.用弹簧拉力器健身4. 如图所示，一个装有水的平底密闭矿泉水瓶，先正立放置在水平桌面上，再倒立放置。
两次放置时，瓶对桌面的压力分别为F甲和F乙，瓶对桌面的压强分别为p甲和p乙，则（）A.F甲＞F乙B.p甲＞p乙C.F甲＜F乙D.p甲＜p乙5. 如图所示，O为轻质杠杆AB的支点，B点挂一重物G，若在B点施加F1、或在A点分别施加F2、F3、F4四个力后，杠杆均保持水平位置平衡，则这四个力中最小的力是（）A.F1B.F2C.F3D.F46. 把体积相同、质量不同的三个小球A、B、C放入同种液体中，静止后的位置如图所示，它们所受的浮力分别为F A、F B、F C，则这三力大小关系正确的是（）A.F A＞F B＞F CB.F A=F B=F CC.F A＜F B＜F CD.F A＜F B=F C7. 关于下面四幅图的说法中错误的是（）A.图甲所示托里拆利实验中，将竖直玻璃管倾斜，水银柱的高度不变B.图乙所示排水管U形“反水弯”是一个连通器C.图丙所示在B管吹气，A管中水而上升，是因为流体中流速越大的位置压强越大D.图丁所示把这自制气压计从山下移到山顶，细管内的水柱上升8. 下列说法中正确的是（）A.做功越多的机械，功率一定越大B.功率越大的机械，机械效率越大C.功率越大的机械，所用时间越少D.功率越大的机械，做功一定越快9. 如图所示，小黄家里悬挂着的吊灯处于静止状态，以下说法正确的是（）A.天花板对绳子的拉力与绳子对灯的拉力是一对平衡力B.绳子对灯的拉力与灯受到的重力是一对平衡力C.天花板对绳子的拉力与灯受到的重力是一对平衡力D.吊灯对绳子的拉力与绳子对吊灯的拉力是一对平衡力10. 如图所示，细线上端固定，下端拉着小球在竖直平面内摆动，A、B是球摆动过程中的最高点，C是最低点，当小球到达C点时，所受的力全部消失，则小球将（）A.一定处于静止状态B.一定做匀速直线运动C.可能处于静止状态可能做匀速直线运动D.可能加速运动二、填空题(共32 分)11. 如图甲所示，工人师傅实际上是因陋就简制成了一个简单的工具，这是利用了重力的方向总是___________的知识；如图乙所示，在A、B、C三点用扳手拧螺母，更省力的是___________点，这说明力的作用效果跟它的___________有关。
2022至2023年年八年级下册第二次月考政治试卷完整版(河北省武邑中学)
选择题2018年中央经济工作会议于2017年12月18日至20日在北京举行。
会议指出：要围绕推动高质量发展，做好重点工作之一是继续解决好“看病难、看病贵”问题，鼓励社会资金进入养老、医疗等领域。
着力解决网上虚假信息诈骗、倒卖个人信息等突出问题。
向常住人口全覆盖，逐步提高居住证持有人享有的公共服务水平。
这些做法( )①说明我国政府努力制定出台政策措施，维护社会公平正义②表明法律面前一律平等，公民平等享受公共服务③有利于维护和保障广大人民群众切身利益，使他们获得更好的生存和发展的物质条件④有利于促进社会和谐，保障国家长治久安A. ①②③④B. ①②③C. ②③④D. ①③④【答案】A【解析】从题文中中央经济工作会议内容中可以看出，国家在解决民生问题等方面采取了很多措施，代表了最广大人民的根本利益，致力于维护社会的公平正义，①②观点正确；解决网上虚假信息诈骗、倒卖个人信息等问题说明公民在法律面前人人平等，法律维护公民的合法权益，促进社会和谐，保障国家长治久安，③④观点正确，所以本题选择A答案。
选择题我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家，国家的一切权力属于人民，这是（）A. 我国的政权组织形式B. 我国宪法的基本原则C. 只有我国宪法才规定的内容D. 我国宪法规定的基本原则【答案】B【解析】此题旨在考查学生对我国宪法基本原则的认识，主要考查学生的识记能力。
根据所学，我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家，国家的一切权力属于人民，这是我国宪法的基本原则，AD不符合题意，C观点绝对，是错误的，所以正确答案选B。
选择题2018年4月10日上午，博鳌亚洲论坛2018年年会在海南省博鳌开幕。
国家主席习近平出席开幕式并发表题为的主旨演讲。
A. 《开放共创繁荣创新引领未来》B. 《共担时代责任共促全球发展》C. 《让共赢共享旗帜高高飘扬》D. 《砥柱中流方显本色》【答案】A【解析】本题为时政题，解析略。
选择题2018 年1 月10 日，国务院做出批复，同意关于山东综合试验区建设总体方案。
2020-2021牛津译林版八下英语第二次月考复习易错题(含答案)
八年级下册第二次月考复习易错题整理一、单项选择1. Why not leave the door____________?I think the air in the room smells bad.A.openingB.openedC. openD. to open2. ---Where did you go on holiday this summer holiday? America?---You are_____________. We went on a 10-day tour in Canada.A.c orrectB.clearC.cleverD.close3. ---The secretary’s already on the way to the company, __________she?--- __________. She was badly hurt in the accident and sent to the hospital.A.hasn’t; YesB. hasn’t; NoC. isn’t; YesD.isn’t; No4.Her daughter________________cola, but now she______________milk.A. is used to drink; is drinkingB. used to drinking; drinksC. is used to drinking; used to drinkD. used to drink; is used to drinking5. Please don’t stand up in class until you ______________ .A.tellB.tell toC. are told toD.are told6. ---Excuse me, could you tell me ?---Of course. It’s ten minutes’ ride from here.A.where is No. 1 Middle SchoolB. how I can get to the ParkC. how far my trip is to the libraryD. how long will it take me to the hospital7.A lot of money__________ at the charity show, but the cost of living __________ a lot, so we still need to domuch work to help the disabled people.A. was raised; has risenB. was raised; was risenC. rose; has risenD. rose; were raised8. ---Who can help me carry the heavy box?---I think Ted is __________ to do it. But the door is __________for him to go through.A. too strong; too narrowB. so strong; narrow enoughC. enough strong; narrow enoughD. strong enough; too narrow9. Don't too much from him. He is only a child.A.exceptB.hopeC. expectD.dream10. Printers___________in that shop over there. They___________well.A.are sold; are soldB.sell; are soldC. are sold; sellD.sell; sell11. ---You look so tired, what’s wrong?---I didn’t go to bed ___________ I finished watching a film last night.A.ifB.thoughC. untilD. unless12. Nobody seems ________ than you ________ready for the exam.A.busy; to getB.busier; gettingC.busier; to getD.busy, getting13. David sat_____________to his mother with his eyes half_____________.A.closed ,openedB.close, openC.closely, openingD.close, opened14.The kinds of crop in our hometown, and they well every year.A. are grown; are grownB. are grown; growC. grow; are grownD. grow; grow15. ---Excuse me, I'm looking for my English book.---Oh, sorry. I took by mistake.A.yoursB.mineC.hersD.his16. He hid himself behind the door to avoid by his brother.A.to seeB.to be seenC.being seenD.seeing17. --- ________ will the dinner be ready? ---Ten more minutes.A.How muchB.How longC. How soonD. How often18. ---The cars made in Germany are more expensive than ________ made in Japan.---Yes, I can’t agree more. But they’re much better.A.itB.thatC. thoseD.ones19. The_______________of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.A.silenceB.purposeC.culturenguage20.---Another person was hurt by the tiger in the zoo.---What a pity! That is a lesson to us: we must take rules .A.quicklyB.clearlyC.carefullyD.seriously21. ---Look at Lucy! How weak she is!---Well, she never eats_________and that’s why she is not healthy.A.properlyB.easilyC. completelyD.smoothly22. ---_____________ will the meeting end?---we reach an agreement.A. How long; Not untilB. When; Not untilC. How long; UntilD. When; Until23. ---Please stay here for another night. I hear a storm is_______.---Don't worry. It’s only 20 minutes’ drive from here.A.on the wayB.in its wayC.in some wayD.by the way24.--- I’m sorry to on you, but there are one or two things I don’t understand.--- It doesn’t matter.A.cut downB.cut outC.cut inD.cut off25. The young man___________leave his office by his boss around eight o’clock last night.A.was made toB.is made toC.was madeD.made to26. ---Have you finished the report on your volunteer work last Sunday?---Not yet. I’ll make it if I _________ another two days.A.giveB. will be givenC.will giveD.am given27.---What should we do for the disabled children in the Children's Home?---You're supposed to____________a study group to help them.A.take upB.fix upC. set upD.stay up28. ---I have tried to find a way to solve the problem, but failed.---Why not discuss with Tom? You see, _____________________.A.Great minds think alikeB.Two heads are better than oneC.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bushD.It’s better to think twice before doing something29.__________ we cannot change yesterday, we can learn lessons to face tomorrow.A.AsB.SinceC.AlthoughD.But30.You’d better think twice about giving up your present job, John. You have to know that __________.A. no pain, no gainB. you can’t burn the candle at both sidesC. it never rains but it poursD. never put all your eggs in one basket二、动词填空1. Our China dream ___________ (achieve) if we unite (团结) together.2. Have they made up their minds ____________(prevent) such bad behavior?3. ---Who ________(clean) the classroom? It’s so clean. ---I’m not sure. Go and ask Jim.4. All the children __________ (warn) not to swim alone in the river according to the school rule.5.Valentine says she will do what she can ______________ (save) Kitty’s li fe.6.Everyone should take part in this activity , ______________(include) you.7.Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It __________ ( stay) fresh for several days.8.As the curtain __________ ( raise),the famous singer came out. The fans rose and screamed with excitement.9.He got up late and hurried to his office,__________ ( leave)the breakfast untouched.10.Do you think Tom__________ ( avoid) meeting me?I haven't seen him all day.11.I don't know where my children__________ ( pick) up those rude words.12. ---I didn’t expect that Alex would be absent from my birthday party.---It's said that he_____________(visit) his grandparents in the countryside on Sundays.13. If population growth __________ (not control) properly, it will be probably the most serious problem.14.Will you hold the door open for me as I__________(carry) too many things to spare a hand?15.He doesn’t know what he should pay attention to __________ (reduce) the pollution.16.Did you realize how much stress you __________ (face) at that moment?17.What action shall we take to move towards __________ (get) full marks in our maths exam?18.---Turn off the TV, please. The baby is sleeping.—There is no need. He __________ (wake) up.19.Tom took a taxi to the airport, only__________ (find) his plane high up in the sky.20.Ahead was seated an old man who __________ (read) a newspaper.三、句型转换1. We must develop a green lifestyle. (保持句意基本不变)__________ necessary for us ____________ develop a green lifestyle.2. Who wrote this letter? (改为被动语态)Who ________ this letter________ by ?3.The thief shut the door quietly with one of his hands. (对划线部分提问)_________ _________ the thief shut the door?4. If he doesn't study hard, he will fall behind others. (保持句意基本不变)He will fall behind others _________ he _________ hard.5. There are many people to come. We have to find a big room. (保持句意基本不变)There are _________ many people to come _________ we have to find a big room.6. Jerry’s mother bought him two books yesterday. (改为被动语态）Two books were _________ _________ Jerry yesterday.7. Life would be very boring for them if they couldn’t play computer games.(改为简单句）Life would be very boring for them computer games.8. He was seen to play basketball last Sunday. (改为主动语态)I _________ him _________ basketball last Sunday.9. You can play basketball with me if you finish your homework. (保持句意基本不变)You can play basketball with me if your homework ____________ ____________ .10. UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. (提问)____________ ____________ UNICEF raise money?四、完形填空During the year 1866, the world was shocked to hear stories of a sea monster(怪兽) attacking several ships that passed 1 the oceans. The government of many countries were quite interested in the 2 .The monster was 3 to be much larger than a whale. Most agreed that the monster’s shape was similar to that of a whale, 4 . Some declared the mysterious animal to be nearly two hundred feet long; 5 swore the monster was more than a mile long.On the 20th of July 1866, a great ship was 6 India for Australia when it was hit by the mysterious animal, and sunk into the ocean, only five miles 7 the east coast of Australia. Just three days later, in thePacific Ocean, the sea animal 8 another ship.Immediately after these 9 events, people all over the world were talking about the sea animal. Newspapers 10 had new stories related to(与……有关) the monster. Scientists, news reporters, and many others 11 many pages about their views on the newly discovered sea monster. For the whole six months, people talked of 12 but the mysterious animal.During the first months of the year1867, however, 13 in the sea monster seemed to drop a great deal. People were no longer 14 to read about the sea monster, until the 5th of March 1867, 15 another ship, Canadian, had been hit.1. A. over B. through C. by D. past2. A. activity B. accident C. disaster D. matter3. A. said B. reported C. told D. seen4. A. moreover B. anyway C. however D. otherwise5. A. other B. the others C. another D. others6. A. going B. leaving C. travelling D. sailing7. A. away B. near C. off D. beside8. A. met B. beat C. attacked D. crashed9. A. interesting B. exciting C. frightening D. surprising10. A. suddenly B. quickly C. excitedly D. continually11. A. read B. reported C. wrote D. watched12. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything13. A. events B. materials C. topic D. interest14. A. curious B. crazy C. afraid D. amazed15. A. after B. since C. when D. while五、拓展阅读Most friendships die a nature death: people move, change jobs, or start different stages of life. Other friendships, however, end unexpectedly. When a friendship is over and you don't understand why, it can be especially painful. Sometimes a friend ends your relationship without telling you why.The loss of friendship might be worth reflecting on. Knowing when a friendship is over and why it ends may help you build stronger friendships in the future.●See if you can find a problem.When a friendship is over, examine your relationship. Perhaps you remember your friend complaining that you're always late. Maybe you seldom return your friend's phone calls. When a friend ends your relationship, try to find out the reasons why the friendship is over.●Write a letter to your friend.Ex press your feelings about the friendship. Do you miss seeing them? Do you have any regrets? Would you act differently if you were still friends? Make it an honest communication.●Express your feeling of being hurt or anger.Write or talk about how you feel in a letter. When a friendship is over, it's important to communicate exactly how hurt you feel and why. Write until you have nothing left to say. When a friend ends your relations hip, you do have the right to express yourself.●Communicate that you are open to pick up the friendship.When a friendship is over and you want to reconnect some day, send Christmas, or birthday cards. Say hi and send greetings through mutual(共有的)friends. When a friendship is over, don't give up until you're ready.●Decide to make your present friendships better.An adviser once told me that simply talking about your relationship strengthens your relationship. Talk to your present friends. Are they happy with your friendship? If a friend ends your relationship, learn somethingfrom it.1. The underlined phrase "reflecting on" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.A. thinking aboutB. giving upC. keeping onD. getting angry2. What can we know from "See if you can find a problem"?A. You are always late when you and your friend plan to go out.B. You often refuse to answer your friend's phone calls.C. Your friend is fond of complaining all the time.D. Perhaps your friendship is over because of your problem.3. When a friendship is over, you may do all the following EXCEPT ____.A. write a letter to your friend to tell your regretsB. talk about how you feel about your friendshipC. ask your friends whose mistake on earth it i sD. send your greetings to your friend before giving up4. The purpose of this passage is to_____________.A. explain why you lose a friendshipB. suggest what to do when a friendship is overC. tell you when a friendship is overD. advise how to end a friendship六、书面表达假设上周你们全家去公园游玩。
天津市蓟州区初中第四联合学区2018-2019学年八年级下学期第二次月考(5月)物理试题(解析版)
蓟州区初中第四联合学区2018-2019第二学期第二次月考试卷八年级物理一、选择题1.与力作用效果无关的是【答案】D【解析】试题分析：力的大小、方向和作用点是力的三要素，都能影响到力的作用效果．而力的种类和力的效果无关．故A、B、C不符合题意．故选D．2.踢足球是我国青少年喜爱的一项体育运动，如图所示是一次精彩的传球攻门过程，下列说法准确的是（）A. 在运动过程中，足球的重力势能是不变的B. 足球对脚的作用力和脚对足球的作用力是一对平衡力C. 足球在空中能够继续飞行，是因为受到惯性力的作用D. 足球飞行路线发生了变化，说明力能改变物体的运动状态【答案】D【解析】【分析】(1)重力势能的影响因素是质量和高度，据此判断其是否发生改变；(2)一对平衡力必须大小相等、方向相反、作用在一条直线上、作用在同一物体上；(3)一切物体都有保持原来运动状态不变的性质，叫惯性；(4)力能够改变物体的运动状态。
【详解】A．在运动过程中，足球的高度发生了变化，所以重力势能是变化的，故A错误；B．足球对脚的作用力和脚对足球的作用力，作用在不同的物体上，是一对相互作用力，不是一对平衡力，故B错误；C．足球在空中能够继续飞行，是因为足球具有惯性，但不能说受到惯性力的作用，因为惯性不是力，故CD．足球飞行路线发生了变化，是重力作用的结果，说明力能改变物体的运动状态，故D准确。
故选D。
3. 如图所示的四种情景中，为了预防惯性造成危害的是（）A. 跳远前的助跑B. 溜冰时脚向后蹬地C. 锤头松了撞击锤柄D. 司机系安全带【答案】D【解析】试题分析：跳远是利用了惯性，保持人体原来的运动状态，所以A不符合题意；溜冰运动利用了惯性，保持人体原来的运动状态，所以B不符合题意；将锤子套牢在手柄上利用了惯性，保持锤子原来的运动状态，所以C不符合题意；系安全带是为了防止突发情况，紧急刹车时，因为惯性对人体造成的危害，所以D符合题意；选择D．考点：惯性4.如图的实验现象所揭示的物理原理或规律所对应的技术应用不准确的是A. B.C. D.【答案】B【详解】A ．潜水员穿潜水服是因为随着深度的增加液体的压强越来越大，故A 准确； B ．实验是说液体的压强与深度的关系，应用是说大气压强，故不准确； C ．实验和应用都是通过增大受力面积来减小压强的，故准确； D ．挂衣钩与纸片托水都了大气压强的作用，故准确； 5.对图中四个物理情景的描述准确的是( )A. 图甲，手拉弹簧弹簧伸长，说明力能够改变物体的形状B. 图乙，茶壶中茶水静止时，壶身中的液面高于壶嘴中的液面C. 图丙，使用温度计测量液体温度时，温度计的玻璃泡必须接触到容器底D. 图丁，对着两张纸片中间吹气纸片会靠拢，说明气体流速大的位置压强大 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：弹簧因为受力而形状发生了变化，说明力能够改变物体的形状，故A 准确；茶壶的壶嘴和壶身构成了一个连通器，当里面的水不流动时，壶嘴的水面和壶身的水面保持相平，故B 错误；使用温度计测量液体温度，温度计的玻璃泡不能接触容器底部，故C 错误；向两张纸中间吹气时，纸中间的空气流动速度大，压强小，纸两侧的空气流动速度不变，压强不变，纸两侧的压强大于纸中间的压强，把纸压向中间；故D 错误；应选A ．【考点定位】力的作用效果；连通器；温度计的用法；压强与流速的关系6.同一只密度计放入三种不同的液体中，密度计露出液面部分的体积V A ＜V B ＜V C ，则浮力和液体密度关系是A. F A ＜F B ＜F CB. F A ＞F B ＞F CC. ρA ＞ρB ＞ρCD. ρA ＜ρB ＜ρC 【答案】D 【解析】【详解】AB. 同一种密度计漂浮在不同的液体中，因为F 浮=G ，所以受到的浮力相等，即F A =F B =F C ，故CD. 密度计露出液面部分的体积V A ＜V B ＜V C ，则排开液体的体积V A 排>V B 排>V C 排，根据浮液排F gV ρ= 可知，液体密度关系是：ρA ＜ρB ＜ρC ，故C 错误，D 准确．7.小竹将质量为150g 的物体放入盛满水的溢水杯中,当物体静止时,溢水杯中溢出了120cm 3的水,物体(g 取10N/kg) A. 漂浮水面上B. 悬浮在水中C. 沉在溢水杯底部D. 受到1.5N 的浮力 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】由题意知物体的重力为：物物G m g ==150×10−3kg×10N/kg=1.5N ，物体静止时受到的浮力为：浮排水排F G gV ρ== =103kg/m 3×10N/kg×120×10−6m 3=1.2N ，因为浮力小于重力，即F 浮<G 物，所以物体最后沉在水杯底部，故C 准确．8.如图所示，拨动弹性钢片，把小钢球与支柱之间的塑料片弹出时，小钢球并没有随塑料片飞出．关于这个过程，下列说法中不准确的是A. 弹性钢片被拉弯，说明力能够改变物体的形状B. 弹性钢片恢复原位的过程中，动能转化为弹性势能C. 塑料片被弹出，说明力能够改变物体的运动状态D. 小钢球没有随塑料片飞出，因为小钢球具有惯性 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】A. 弹性钢片在力的作用下发生弯曲，说明了力能够使物体发生形变，故准确； B. 弹性钢片恢复原位过程中，形变变小，速度变大，弹性势能转化为动能，故不准确； C. 塑料片在力的作用下被弹出，说明力能够改变物体的运动状态，故准确；D. 因为小钢球具有惯性，要保持原来的静止状态，所以小钢球不会随塑料片飞出，故准确．9.将未装满水且密闭的矿泉水瓶，先正立放置在水平桌面上，再倒水放置，如图所示．两次放置时，水对瓶底和瓶盖的压强分别为p A和p B，水对瓶底和瓶盖的压力分别为F A和F B，则A. p A＞p B，F A＞F BB. p A＜p B，F A＝F BC. p A＝p B，F A＜F BD. p A＜p B，F A＞F B【答案】D【解析】【详解】不论正放还是倒放，瓶子中装的都是水，由图可知，倒放时瓶中水的深度较大，根据p＝ρgh可知，水对瓶盖的压强较大，即p B＞p A；正放时，瓶子中的水柱是粗细相同的，瓶子底部受到的压力等于瓶中水的重力；倒放时，瓶子中的水柱上面粗，下面细，一部分水压的是瓶子的侧壁，瓶盖受到的压力小于瓶中水的重力；瓶中水的重力是一定的，所以正放时水对瓶底的压力大于倒放时水对瓶盖的压力，即F A＞F B．10. A、B是两个质量完全相同的实心长方体，轻轻放入水中后，静止时如图所示，则下列说法准确的是A. 两物体的密度大小关系是：ρA>ρBB. 两物体受到水的浮力大小关系是：F浮A<F浮BC. 两物体排开水的体积大小关系是：V排A=V排BD. 两物体下表面受到水的压强大小关系是：p A>p B【答案】C【解析】试题分析：漂漂的物体的密度小于液体的密度，悬浮的物体的密度等于液体的密度，故B物体的密度大于A物体的密度，A错误；当物体漂浮或悬浮时，浮力等于本身的重力，因为两个物体的重力相等，所以浮力也相等，故B错误；因为两物体所受到的浮力相等，根据阿基米德原理可知排开水的体积也是相等的，故C准确；因为两个物体下表面所处的深度不同，由液体的压强随深度的增加而增大可知，B物体下表面所受到的压强较大，故D 错误；应选C ． 【考点定位】压强；浮力二、多项选择题11.下列说法准确的是A. 足球在静止时没有惯性，运动时才具有惯性B. 物体的运动状态改变，一定是受到了力的作用C. 用力推桌子，桌子没动是因为推力小于摩擦力D. 百米赛跑运动员到达终点不能立即停下来，是因为运动员具有惯性 【答案】BD 【解析】【详解】A. 一切物体在任何情况下都有惯性，故错误；B. 力是改变物体运动状态的原因，所以物体运动状态变了，它一定受到了力的作用，故准确；C. 用力推桌子，因为推力等于摩擦力，桌子受到平衡力作用，运动状态不变，仍保持静止，故错误；D. 百米赛跑运动员到达终点不能立即停下来，是因为运动员具有惯性，还要保持原来的运动状态，故准确． 12.如图所示，利用图像能够描述物理量之间的关系，下列图像准确的是A. 同种液体内部压强（p ）与液体深度（h ）的关系B. 小球对斜面的压力FC. 重力（G ）与质量（m ）的关系D. 在弹性限度内，弹簧伸长量（ΔL ）与弹簧所受拉力（F ）的关系【答案】AD 【解析】【详解】A. 由液体压强公式p gh ρ=液 知，液体内部产生的压强随深度的增加而增大，且成正比，故准确； D. 小球对斜面的压力F ，受力物体是斜面，作用点应该作用在斜面上，故错误；C. 重力与质量的关系能够写成G mg = ，物体所受重力大小跟物体的质量成正比，故错误；D. 在弹性限度内，弹簧的伸长与受到的拉力成正比，图象反映的是正比关系，故准确．13.如图所示，小明把鸡蛋放入盛水的杯中，鸡蛋沉在杯底如图甲，向杯中加盐，鸡蛋悬浮如图乙．此变化过程中，鸡蛋质量不变，则下列说法准确的是A. 液体的密度ρ甲＝ρ乙B. 鸡蛋排开液体的质量m 甲＜m 乙C. 鸡蛋受到的浮力F 甲＜F 乙D. 液体对容器底的压强p 甲＞p 乙【答案】BC 【解析】向水中加盐，水的密度变大，故A 错误；沉底或悬浮时，排开水的体积等于鸡蛋的体积，根据F gV ρ=浮液排，水的密度变大，浮力变大，所以受到的浮力F F 甲乙＜，故C 准确；根据m V ρ=，水的密度变大，则排开水的质量变大，即排开液体的质量m m 甲乙＜，故B 准确； 根据P gh ρ=液，水的密度变大，且水的深度相同，所以对容器底的压强关系为P P 甲乙＜，故D 错误； 故选BC ．二、填空题14.跳远运动员快速助跑后，飞身一跃，利用自身的________，在空中继续前进以提升成绩．运动员最终落回地面，是受到________力的作用． 【答案】 (1). 惯性 (2). 重 【解析】试题分析：跳远运动员快速助跑后，飞身一跃，这是利用自身惯性继续在空中前进；运动员最终落回地面是因为受到竖直向下的重力作用． 【考点定位】惯性，重力的方向15.如图是一艘高速行驶的水翼船，船身底部有支架，支架上装有水翼．(1)水翼是依据______________________的关系来设计的，从而使水翼获得了升力；(2)船高速航行时，水面下的水翼使船体抬高从而减小船体的__________，提升船速； (3)水翼船的质量为2×105kg ，水翼船静止在水面上，则它受到的浮力是____________N ． 【答案】 (1). 流体压强与流速 (2). 阻力 (3). 1.96×106 【解析】【详解】(1)水翼的作用是在船高速行驶时将船体抬高，要使船体太高，船体需要受到向上的力，根据飞机升空的原理可知，水翼也做成上凸下平的形状即可，这个设计是依据流体压强与流速的关系；(2)当船在水中高速航行时,水翼上表面凸起,它与船体间的水流速度大，压强小；水翼下表面的水流速度小，压强大，所以在水翼的上下表面存有向上的压强差，所以船体被抬高了，减小了船体的阻力； (3)水翼船的重力：G mg ==2×105kg×9.8N/kg=1.96×106N ，物体浮于水面，所以F 浮=G =2×106N. 16.我国首台载人潜水器“蛟龙号”排开海水的体积为3m 3时，受到的浮力的大小约为______N ；当其下潜至1000m 深度时，该处海水的压强约为____Pa ；该潜水器从1000m 深处继续下潜，受到的浮力将_____(选填“变大”“不变”或“变小”)．(海水的密度近似取1×103kg/m 3，取g ＝10N/kg) 【答案】 (1). 3×104 (2). 1×107 (3). 不变 【解析】【详解】潜水器受到的浮力：浮海水排F gV ρ==1×103kg/m 3×10N/kg×3m 3=3×104N ；潜水器受到的压强：p gh ρ==1×103kg/m 3×10N/kg×1000m=1×107Pa ；由阿基米德原理浮液排F gV ρ= 可知，物体在液体中所受的浮力大小只与液体的密度和排开液体的体积相关，与其它因素都无关，当潜水器从1000米处继续下潜时，因为V 排不变，所以潜水器受到的浮力不变．17.如图所示,用吊车将棱长为1 m 的正方体花岗岩从距水面1 m 高的A 处沿竖直方向匀速放入水中．在整个过程中,钢缆拉力大小与下落高度的关系如图乙所示．花岗岩浸没在水中时受到的浮力等于_____ N;花岗岩石下落到图甲B 处(h 0=2 m)时下表面受到水的压强等于________ Pa(g 取10 N/kg,水密度为1.0×103 kg/m 3,计算结果用科学记数法表示)．【答案】 (1). 1×104 (2). 3×104 【解析】【详解】花岗岩石浸没在水中时V 排=V 物=1m 3，所以花岗岩受到的浮力F 浮=ρgV 排=1．0×103kg/m 3×10N/kg×1m 3=1．0×104N ；花岗岩下落到图甲B 处时，下表面距离水的深度h=2m+1m=3m ， 所以下表面受到水的压强p=ρgh=1．0×103kg/m 3×10N/kg×3m=3×104Pa ． 18.【2016·淮安卷】一重物挂在弹簧测力计下，弹簧测力计示数为2N ，将重物浸没在水中，弹簧测力计示数为1.2N ，此时重物所受浮力为_______N ；若改变重物浸没在水中的深度，重物所受浮力大小________． 【答案】 (1). 0.8 (2). 不变 【解析】试题分析：由题意可知，将重物浸没在水中时受到的浮力：F 浮=G ﹣F′=2N ﹣1.2N=0.8N ，因改变重物浸没在水中的深度时，排开水的体积不变，故根据公式F 浮=ρ水gV 排可知，重物所受浮力大小不变． 【考点定位】浮力三、作图题19. 均匀实心小球从斜面滚下过程中在某一时刻的位置如图所示，用力的示意图画出此刻小球受到的重力和小球对斜面的压力．【答案】见下图【解析】（1）找出重心，画一个竖直向下的线段，标上箭头就是重力的示意图；压力的作用点在斜面的表面上，方向是和斜面垂直的．如图所示：20.画出图中木球漂浮在水面时所受力的示意图． （ ）【答案】【解析】【详解】木球漂浮，受到浮力和重力是一对平衡力，大小相等、方向相反，作用在同一直线上，重力方向竖直向下，浮力方向竖直向上，作用点都画在重心处，如图所示：四、实验探究题21.某同学用如图所示的实验装置探究阻力对小车运动的影响．他在水平桌面上分别铺上毛巾、棉布、木板，让小车从斜面上的同一位置由静止滑下，在小车停下的位置分别做上标记．(1)标记③是小车在________表面上停下的位置．(2)分析可知：水平表面越光滑，小车受到的阻力_______，速度减小得越________．推理可知：运动小车如果不受阻力作用，它将以恒定不变的速度永远运动下去．(3)让同一小车从相同高度处滑下，是为了保证小车到达底部的________相同，本实验使用的实验方法是________．【答案】(1). 木板(2). 越小(3). 慢(4). 初速度(5). 控制变量法【解析】【详解】(1)图中标记③的距离最远，说明其表面是最光滑的，故应该是木板表面停下的位置；(2)分析可知：水平表面越光滑，小车受到的阻力越小，速度减小得越慢．推理可知：运动小车如果不受阻力作用，它将以恒定不变的速度永远运动下去，这就是牛顿第一定律的基本内容；(3) 探究阻力对物体运动的影响，实验中应控制小车的初速度相同，为了使小车到达水平面具有相同的初速度，应使同一小车从同一斜面的同一高度由静止滑下，本实验使用的实验方法是控制变量法．22.小亮同学做“探究滑动摩擦力的大小与什么因素相关”的实验．(1)实验中用弹簧测力计水平拉动木块，使其在长木板上做_________运动，此时，摩擦力的大小等于弹簧测力计的示数是利用了____________的知识；(2)弄清了实验原理之后，同学们提出了如下猜想：A．滑动摩擦力大小可能与压力大小相关B．滑动摩擦力大小可能与接触面的粗糙水准相关C．滑动摩擦力大小可能与接触面积大小相关小亮用一个表面平整的长木板、三边不相等且各面粗糙水准相同、带钩的长方体木块和一只弹簧测力计实行实验，把实验数据记录在如下表格中：次数压力接触面木块放置测力计示数1 一个木块木板面平放2 一个木块木板面侧放3 一个木块木板面立放小亮同学的实验能够验证猜想__________(填字母序号)；(3)同组的小莉同学采用如图所示的实验装置测量木块与长木板之间的摩擦力时，发现弹簧测力计示数不稳定，很难读数，其原因是_____________．【答案】(1). 匀速直线(2). 二力平衡(3). C (4). 很难保持木块做匀速直线运动【解析】【详解】(1)根据二力平衡的原理，只有物体做匀速直线运动时，拉力才与摩擦力大小相等；(2)比较小亮的1、2、3三次实验记录，看出三次压力的大小相同，接触面粗糙水准相同，平放、侧放、立放时接触面积的大小不同，所以小亮探究的是猜想：C.滑动摩擦力的大小与接触面积的关系；(3)因为在拖动木块时，很难让木块保持匀速直线运动达到平衡状态，才导致了弹簧测力计的示数不稳定，很难读数．23.小明用弹簧测力计、正方体物块、两个相同的烧杯，分别装有一定量的水和盐水，对浸在液体中的物体所受的浮力实行了探究，其装置和弹簧测力计示数如图所示．(g 取10N/kg)(1)分析图甲、乙、丙，说明浮力的大小与_______相关．(2)为了探究浮力大小与物体浸没在液体中的深度有无关系，可选用图________的装置来实行操作；图________说明浮力大小与液体密度相关．(3)正方体物块浸没在水中时受到的浮力是________N ，正方体物块的体积是________m 3．(4)用图示实验数据测出盐水的密度是____________kg/m 3．(5)水对物体向上和向下的__________就是水对物体的浮力，物体在水中受到的浮力施力物体是________．【答案】 (1). 物体排开液体的体积 (2). 丙、丁 (3). 丁、戊 (4). 4 (5). 4×10－4 (6). 1.1×103 (7). 压力差 (8). 水【解析】【详解】(1)由图甲、乙、丙所示实验可知，物体排开液体的密度相同而排开液体的体积不同，物体受到的浮力不同，由此可知，浮力大小与物体排开液体的体积相关；(2)探究浮力与物体浸入液体深度的关系，应控制液体密度与物体排开液体的体积相同而物体浸没在液体中的深度不同，由图示实验可知，图丙、丁所示实验中物体排开液体的密度、物体排开液体的体积相同而物体浸没在液体中的深度不同，能够选用图丙、丁所示实验探究浮力大小与物体浸没在液体中的深度有无关系；分析图丁、戊可知，在排开液体体积相同时，在水中受到的浮力为：5N−1N=4N ，在盐水中受到的浮力为：5N−0.6N=4.4N ，故要探究浮力大小与液体密度的关系，可选用图丁、戊的装置来实行操作；(3)由图甲、戊所示实验可知，正方体物块浸没在水中时受到的浮力：F 浮=G −F =5N−1N=4N ，由浮力公式浮水排F gV ρ=，可得正方体物块的体积：43浮排33水4N 410m 110kg/m 10N/kgF V V g ρ-====⨯⨯⨯ ； (4)由图甲、戊所示实验可知，正方体浸没在盐水中所受浮力：F 浮盐水=G −F ′=5N−0.6N=4.4N ，盐水的密度：33434.4N 1.110kg/m 10N/kg 410m浮盐水盐水排F gV ρ-===⨯⨯⨯； (5)根据浮力产生的原因可知，水对物体向上和向下的压力差就是水对物体的浮力，浮力的方向总是竖直向上，物体在水中受到的浮力施力物体是水．五、计算题24.如图所示，置于水平桌面上的容器装有水，水的体积为2.0×10-3m 3，水的深度为0.5m ，若容器重为20N 、底面积为2.0×10-3m 2．求：（1）水对容器底的压力；（2）这个装着水的容器对桌面的压强．【答案】（1）10N ．（2）2×104 pa【解析】【详解】（1）水对容器底的压强为：p gh ρ==1000kg/m 3×10N/kg×0.5m=5000Pa ，对容器底的压力为：F pS ==5.0×103pa×2.0×10-3m 2=10N ；（2）水的重力：G mg Vg ρ===1000kg/m 3×2.0×10-3m 3×10N/kg=20N ，装着水的容器对桌面的压强为：4容3220N 20N =210Pa 210mG G p S -++'==⨯⨯. 25.2017年4月上饶文化创意产业博览会在广丰区洋口镇隆重举行，小萱在“五一”期间参观“文博会”时带回了一块信江河里最美的石头——黄蜡石，她很想知道这块黄蜡石的密度，于是实行了实验：她先测出一个溢水杯装满水后的总质量为85g(图甲)，再将黄蜡石浸没在溢水杯中的水里，测出总质量为115g(图乙)，最后取出黄蜡石再测出剩余的水和溢水杯的总质量为65g(图丙)．求：(g ＝10N/kg)(1)黄蜡石在水中受到的浮力；(2)黄蜡石的体积；(3)黄蜡石的密度．【答案】(1) 0.2N ；(2) 2×10－5m 3；(3) 2.5×103kg/m 3． 【解析】（1）根据题意，排开水的质量为：85g 65g 20g 0.02kg m =-==排浮力等于排开水的重，所以浮力：0.02kg 10N/kg 0.2N F G m g ===⨯=浮排排（2）黄蜡石的体积，即排开水的体积为：53330.02kg 210m 1.010kg/mm V V ρ-====⨯⨯排排水 （3）黄蜡石的质量为：115g 65g 50g 0.05kg m =-== 黄蜡石的密度为：33530.05kg 2.510kg/m 210m m V ρ-===⨯⨯ 故答案为(1) 0.2N ；(2) 2×10－5m 3；(3) 2.5×103kg/m 3。
新目标八年级下学期英语第二次月考试题及答案
八年级下学期英语第二次月考试题一．单项选择（20分）（）1. They ______money to build a new school for the faraway village.A.collectedB.tookC.spent D raised（）2. He said he _____ doing some shopping.A.would likeB.likedC.wanted D felt（）3. ----When did you get the gift? ---- _____ my _____ birthday.A. On, sixthB. In, sixthC. On, sixD. In, six（）4. We had to stop to have a rest,____ we were very tired.A.whileB.whenC.whether D because（）5. －_____you _____ to New York?－No,but I will go there next year.A.Have,goneB.Do,goC.Will,go D Have,been（）6. People are _____ in ______ places.A.interested, interestedB.interesting, interestingC.interested, interestingD.interesting, interested（）7. The student_____ No.1 Middle School won the match.A.fromB.inC.atD.of（）8. Wen Li has_____ kites for two years.A.been makeB.makingC.been makingD.been made（）9. Li Chen _____football an hour ago.A.has been playingB.has playedC.playsD.played（）10.－____you_____the film yet? －Yes. I____it last SaturdayA.Will,see；sawB.Did,see；sawC.Have,seen；have seenD.Have,seen；saw（）11.“Harry Potter”is a very nice film. I____ it twice.A.will seeB.have seenC.sawD.see（）12. ---Do you mind if I open the window? ------__________.A. No, not at allB. Sorry, I’ll do it right awayC. Yes, pleaseD. I’ll be glad to（）13. Why not _____ help when you were in trouble?A. you ask forB. ask forC. asking forD. asked for（）14. He got really ____ while hearing the bad news.A. angrilyB. angryC. happyD. happily（）15. Dogs are too difficult to _______.A. take careB. look forC. give awayD. take care of（）16. I have an _____ grandmother.A. 80 year oldB. 80-year-oldC. 80 years oldD. 80-years-old （）17.Tomorrow is Sunday. How about ______ to visit your grandmother?A. goB. goingC. to goD. gone（）18. What’s the best gift you ____ ever ____?A. have; receiveB. did; receiveC. have; receivedD. /; receive（）19. One of the ____ polite ways ask someone is “Would you mind…？”A .much B. more C. many D. most（）20.I go back until the storeA. won't; closesB. will; closesC. don't; will closeD. would; closed二．完形填空（20分）Ted sat next to me when we were in elementary school. He had 1 problems in communicating（交流）with people. One always had to 2 what he was saying. Besides, most of my classmates did not like to be with him 3 his hands and shirts were always 4 ．I tried to let him know the 5 of being clean by telling him several times a day to wash his hands. But he didn't want to 6One day, our teacher Miss White walked up to Ted. Without saying 7 ，she took Ted to the washroom. Slowly，Miss White washed his hands and told him that he should 8 himself clean. She did that every day for one month. Finally,Ted understood.Miss White's love has given me a good 9 to follow when I'm doing my job.I always remember to teach my students by showing them the right ways to do things. And most important of all，I 10 remember to give them more time to learn and to grow up.（）1. A. great B. important C. necessary D. serious（）2. A. repeat B. know C. guess D. so（）3. A. if B. because C. why D. so（）4. A. old B. dirty C. new D. clean（）5. A. importance B. why C. time D. place（）6. A. listen B. think C. understand D. hear（）7. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything （）8. A. get B. have C. keep D. make（）9. A. lesson B. example C. advice D. book（）10. A. often B. usually C. always D. sometime三．阅读理解（20分）AOne of my friends Fred did very 1ittle work when he was a student. He spent more time drinking in bars than working in the library. Once, we had to take an important exam. The exam had a hundred questions. To each question, we had to write "Right" or "Wrong". The night before the exam, Fred was watching TV and drinking. He usua1ly worried a lot the night before the exam. But on that night he looked quite relaxed. He told me what he would do." It's very easy," he said to me, "There are a hundred questions and I have to get fifty right answers to pass the exam. I'll bring a coin with me and throw it to decide answers. I' m sure I'll get half the questions right in this way." During the exam, Fred sat down and really threw the coin for half an hour when he was writing down his answers. Then he 1eft half anhour before the others. The next day he saw the teacher on the playground. "Good morning, Mr. Wu," he said, "Have you checked the papers? Have I passed?" The teacher 1ooked at him and smiled, "Ah, it's you, Fred. One moment, please." Then he put his hand into his pocket and took out a coin. He threw it into the air, caught it in his hand and looked at it , "I'm very sorry, Fred. You failed."( )1. Fred usually worried a lot before the exam _______________.A. because he did little work in the bars.B. because he did little work on his booksC. he was afraid of the examD. he didn't like taking the exam.( )2. ____________________,the night before the important exam.A. Fred was busy working on his lessonsB. Both Fred and the writer were preparing the lessonsC. Fred worried about the examD. Fred was watching TV and drinking.( ) 3. On that night before the important the exam, Fred was very quiet because _______ .A. he knew the answerB. the exam would be very easyC. the teacher would give him good gradesD. he would choose the answers by chance( ) 4. Which sentence is true?A. The coin didn't bring good luck to Fred.B. The coin brought Fred good luck.C. Fred was a very good student.D. Fred was a very clever student.( )5. Which sentence is wrong?A. The teacher didn't know what Fred did in the examB. Mr. Wu didn't let Fred pass the examC. Mr. Wu was glad that Fred was very clever.D. The next day the teacher looked at Fred and smiled.BOne day Mrs Wilson went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping centre."Why do you buy things here?" Tracy wanted to know. “Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home.” Mrs Wilson said，“Help me check the prices, please.”The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home，the children said，"We don't think you saved money by going to the supermarket.”“Of course I did.” Mrs Wilson said. “Everything was cheaper there.”"We know，"the children said，"but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money you saved！”Mrs Wilson added something up. Her children were right."Well done，”she said. "Next time we'll do the shopping nearby.”（）1 .The things at the corner store were＿than those in the supermarket.A. cheaperB. niceC. more expensiveD. better（）2. Mrs Wilson in the end.A. spent more moneyB. paid less moneyC. lost some moneyD. saved a little money（）3. From the passage we know the children were＿．A. happyB. cleverC. tiredD. lazy（）4. Mrs Wilson will next time.A. never call a taxiB. go on buying things in the supermarketC. buy things near her homeD. not go shopping with her children（）5. The best title for the passage isA. Cutting priceB. Corner storeC. SupermarketD. Shopping八年级下册第二次月考答案一．1-5 DBADD 6-10 CACDD11-15 BABBD16-20 BBCD A二．1-5 DABBA 6-10 ADCBC三．1-5 BDDAC 6-10 CABCD。
人教版八年级下册英语第二次月考复习考试试题(Unit1-Unit4)(有答案)
初二英语第二次网上测试试题一、选择题。
（每小题1.5分，共60分）( )1.Dogs ________ run through soccer games at the park.It's dangerous.A. shouldB. shouldn'tC. needD. needn't( )2.My m other found it hard ________ the house.A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleaningD. cleaned( )3.He didn't use to ________ soccer, but now he likes ________ it.A. playing, playingB. play, playingC. playing, to playD. plays, to play( )4.When times are difficult，tell ________ that pain is part of growing.A. youB. yourselfC. yourD. yours( )5.--- Dear, you need to ______ by next week, to go to university at home or to go abroad. You are going on eighteen.--- OK, Mum. I am considering it.A. make an appointmentB. make a suggestionC. make a decision( )6.Tina was too sleepy. She fell asleep _____she was reading a book at the table.A. thenB. untilC. ifD. while( )7.We ________ be more careful，or we will make the same mistake in the experiment.A. mightB. canC. mayD. should( )8 ----Your body temperature is 39。
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2011---2012学年度第二学期八年级下英语第二次月考答案第一部分听力
Ⅰ. 1-----5 ABACA Ⅱ.6------10 BABAB
Ⅲ. 11------15 CACBA
IV．16.get together 17. Chat 18.England 19.cookies 20 .meals
第二部分
Ⅰ. 21------25 ABBBB 26------30 CCCAB
Ⅱ.（A）.31------35 EABCD （B）.36-----40 BFGCE
Ⅲ. 41------45 ABACB 46-----50 DBBAB
三、阅读理解
（A）. 51------55 BBBDA （B）.56------60 FFFTT
（C）61.外出就餐的一个重要的问题就是谁来付钱。
62. D
63.men
64. you can accept his invitation/ go with him.
65.at the beginning.
第三部分书面表达
Ⅰ. (A) 66.mad 67. noise 68. receiving 69.slow 70. sale
(B) 71.good 72. direction 73.successful 74.Russian 75.polite Ⅱ. 76.his 77.has 78.friendly 79.do 80.harder Ⅲ. 写作
参考范文:
My name is Liu Hui. I’m a student in Ren’ai International School. I know some children in poor areas need money for school. So my friends and I decided to collect waste paper and plastic bottles after the food festival. After we cleaned the playground of our school, we sold all the waste paper and plastic bottles to a recycling center, and then donated the money to the children in poor areas. Although we felt very tired on that day, we were very happy!。