专业英语秋lecture.ppt
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Lecture2英语专业教学课件
deserve. • 10. Cleanliness: Tolerate no uncleanness in body, clothes or habitation. • 11. Chastity: Rarely use venery but for health or offspring; Never to dullness, weakness,
➢ “Father of American Poetry” ➢ “Pioneer of the New
Romanticism” ➢ “A gifted and versatile lyric
poet”
1. Works
《美洲光辉的兴起》
• “The Rising Glory of America” (1772) • “The House of Night” (1779, 1786) • “The British Prison Ship” (1781) • “To the Memory of the Brave Americans” (1781) • “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786) • “The Indian Burying Ground” (1788) • “The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi”
• Philip Freneau: “The Wild Honey Suckle”
1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
1. Works
《自传》
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
《格言历书》
2. Life
Benjamin Franklin came from a Calvinist background. He was born into a poor candle-maker’s family. He had very little education. He learned in school only for two years, but he was a voracious reader. At 12, he was apprenticed to his elder half-brother, a printer. At 16, he began to publish essays under the pseudonym “Silence Do good” . At 17, he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He set himself up as an independent printer and publisher. In 1727 he founded the Junto club.
➢ “Father of American Poetry” ➢ “Pioneer of the New
Romanticism” ➢ “A gifted and versatile lyric
poet”
1. Works
《美洲光辉的兴起》
• “The Rising Glory of America” (1772) • “The House of Night” (1779, 1786) • “The British Prison Ship” (1781) • “To the Memory of the Brave Americans” (1781) • “The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786) • “The Indian Burying Ground” (1788) • “The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi”
• Philip Freneau: “The Wild Honey Suckle”
1. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
1. Works
《自传》
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
《格言历书》
2. Life
Benjamin Franklin came from a Calvinist background. He was born into a poor candle-maker’s family. He had very little education. He learned in school only for two years, but he was a voracious reader. At 12, he was apprenticed to his elder half-brother, a printer. At 16, he began to publish essays under the pseudonym “Silence Do good” . At 17, he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune. He set himself up as an independent printer and publisher. In 1727 he founded the Junto club.
电气工程专业英语课件lecture3-2012
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Lecture 3
Other considerations for an overhead line include: the number, size, and spacing of conductors per-phase bundle; the phase to phase spacing; the number, location, and conductor type for overhead neutrals concerning with lightning shielding; the level of insulation; ect. The design of a power line depends upon the following criteria: i) The amount of active power it has to transmit. ii) The distance over which the power must be carried. iii) The cost of the power line. iv) Esthetic considerations, urban congestion, ease of installation, and expected load growth.
Lecture 3
1. As the system expands and higher voltage levels become necessary for transmission, the older transmission lines are often relegated to subtransmission function. 随着系统的扩大和更高的电压等级为输电所必需， 随着系统的扩大和更高的电压等级为输电所必需，旧 的输电线路往往被移交给中压输电功能。 的输电线路往往被移交给中压输电功能。 New Words and Expressions backbone 中枢 integrated 综合的，完整的 综合的， voltage level 电压等级 step up 升压 step down 降压 subtransmission 中压输电，次输电 中压输电， subsystem 子系统 bulk 大量的 demarcation 划分 relegate to 委托给，移交给 委托给， overhead line 架空线 cable 电缆
Lecture 3
Other considerations for an overhead line include: the number, size, and spacing of conductors per-phase bundle; the phase to phase spacing; the number, location, and conductor type for overhead neutrals concerning with lightning shielding; the level of insulation; ect. The design of a power line depends upon the following criteria: i) The amount of active power it has to transmit. ii) The distance over which the power must be carried. iii) The cost of the power line. iv) Esthetic considerations, urban congestion, ease of installation, and expected load growth.
Lecture 3
1. As the system expands and higher voltage levels become necessary for transmission, the older transmission lines are often relegated to subtransmission function. 随着系统的扩大和更高的电压等级为输电所必需， 随着系统的扩大和更高的电压等级为输电所必需，旧 的输电线路往往被移交给中压输电功能。 的输电线路往往被移交给中压输电功能。 New Words and Expressions backbone 中枢 integrated 综合的，完整的 综合的， voltage level 电压等级 step up 升压 step down 降压 subtransmission 中压输电，次输电 中压输电， subsystem 子系统 bulk 大量的 demarcation 划分 relegate to 委托给，移交给 委托给， overhead line 架空线 cable 电缆
Lecture范畴词的翻译课件
We should always be ready to admit what we know and do not know. （T）
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三、汉语范畴词英译方法
1. 省译使表达抽象化 1) 如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话，那 就要使他们沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。
Not to educate the children is to condemn them to repetitious ignorance.
Local authorities should work hard to create jobs.
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2. 转译法使表达抽象化
1）交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看 有没有修改的地方。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.
2 We have winked at these irregularities too long. 我们对这些越轨行为宽容得太久了。
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3 He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. 据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。
4 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties.
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四、英语抽象名词的汉译
1. 范畴化
英译汉时可以使英语抽象的概念具体化，根 据具体的语境加上 “方法”、“现象”、“局势 ”、“状态”、“情况”、“政策”、“做法”、“习 俗”、“精神”、态度”：“问题”等范畴词，使 译文含义清晰，行文流畅。
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三、汉语范畴词英译方法
1. 省译使表达抽象化 1) 如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话，那 就要使他们沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。
Not to educate the children is to condemn them to repetitious ignorance.
Local authorities should work hard to create jobs.
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2. 转译法使表达抽象化
1）交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看 有没有修改的地方。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.
2 We have winked at these irregularities too long. 我们对这些越轨行为宽容得太久了。
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3 He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility. 据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。
4 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties.
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四、英语抽象名词的汉译
1. 范畴化
英译汉时可以使英语抽象的概念具体化，根 据具体的语境加上 “方法”、“现象”、“局势 ”、“状态”、“情况”、“政策”、“做法”、“习 俗”、“精神”、态度”：“问题”等范畴词，使 译文含义清晰，行文流畅。
电气工程专业英语课件lecture10-2012
Lecture 10
New Words and Expressions optimization 最优化 profit 利润 capital invested 资金投入 regulatory body 制定规章的机构 conservation 保留，节约 kilowatthour 千瓦时 unit 发电机组 delivered power 输出功率 call upon 启用
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Lecture 10
Part 2 Economic Scheduling of Plant Outputs For achieving economical operation, we shall study first the most economic distribution of the output of a plant between the generator, or units, within the plant. Since system generation is often expanded by adding units to existing plants, the various units within a plant usually have different characteristics. The method that will be developed is also applicable to economic scheduling of plant outputs for a given loading of the system without considering of transmission losses. We shall proceed to develop a method of expressing transmission loss as a function of the outputs of the various plants. Then we shall determine how the outputs of each of the plants of a system is scheduled to achieve minimum cost of power delivered to the load.
电气工程及其自动化专业英语完整ppt课件
电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容
器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。
精选PPT课件
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2.1 Grammar Features
(2)广泛使用非谓语形式 (精炼)
非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语 形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。
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高电压工程
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Unit 4 Digital Circuit and Analog Circuit
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数字电路和模拟电路
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Unit 5 Electrical Machine
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电机
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论文写作：学习科技文献的写作格式及写作技巧
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国际会议international conference ：以某个国际会议为例，学习参加国际会议
电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的
4) The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit. 这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程 ，以便读出期望的数值。
5) Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in ’Farads.
电气工程专业英语课件lecture9-2012
Lecture 9
Overhead lines, depending on the load current, either absorb or supply reactive power. At loads below the natural (surge impedance) load, the lines produce net reactive power; at loads above the natural load, the lines absorb reactive power. Underground cables, owing to their high capacitance, have high natural loads. They are always loaded below their natural loads, and hence generate reactive power under all operating conditions. Transformers always absorb reactive power regardless of their loading; at no load, the shunt magnetizing reactance effects predominate; and at full load, the series leakage inductance effects predominate. Loads normally absorb reactive power. A typical load bus
Lecture 9
New Words and Expressions compensation 补偿 excitation 励磁 end-region 端部 surge impedance 波阻抗 leakage 漏电 incentive 动机
专业英语(课堂PPT)
索是前者（practical soution）提供的 • for permanent bridges, the most commonly used
material are steels and concrete. • 对于永久使用的大桥来说，钢材和混凝土是最常使
用的材料
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• bridges of many different types are built with these materials, used singly or in combination.
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Girder bridges come in two basic varieties：plate and box girders. 梁桥由两部分组成，板和箱梁。 Plate girders are used in the United States for medium spans. They generally are continuous structures with maximum depth of girder over the piers and minimum depth at mid-span. 在美国，板梁桥应用于中跨度桥，它们一般是连续结构， 它们在墩台处有最大深度，在中跨处有最小深度。
• and such forces have to be resisted by manipulating the right materials in the right pattern.
• 并且这些力必须 通过在正确的结构中熟练使用正确 材料 来阻止。
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• this requires both the inspiration of an artist and the skill of an artison.
material are steels and concrete. • 对于永久使用的大桥来说，钢材和混凝土是最常使
用的材料
9
• bridges of many different types are built with these materials, used singly or in combination.
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Girder bridges come in two basic varieties：plate and box girders. 梁桥由两部分组成，板和箱梁。 Plate girders are used in the United States for medium spans. They generally are continuous structures with maximum depth of girder over the piers and minimum depth at mid-span. 在美国，板梁桥应用于中跨度桥，它们一般是连续结构， 它们在墩台处有最大深度，在中跨处有最小深度。
• and such forces have to be resisted by manipulating the right materials in the right pattern.
• 并且这些力必须 通过在正确的结构中熟练使用正确 材料 来阻止。
5
• this requires both the inspiration of an artist and the skill of an artison.
专业英语PPT完整版资料
China • 麻省理工学院 The Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
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• （4）图题中一般可以省去冠词。下面例子中带下划线的词的前 面就省略了冠词。
• 图2-1用旋转矢量的垂直分量来产生正弦波 • Figure 2-1 Generation of sine wave by vertical component of
current,voltage and resistance. • 晶体管是由发射极、基极和集电极三部分构成
的。 • A transisitor consists of three parts:emitter,base
and collector.
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• （6）表示独一无二的人之前不用冠词。 • 这被称为1赫兹，以纪念无线电波的发现者海
network.
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• 3.特殊情况 • （1）在表示某个参数的单位的词前往往用
定冠词。 • 电位差的单位为伏特。 • The unit of potential difference is the volt. • 电容的单位为法拉。 • The uint of capacitance is the farad.
• 该电阻上的电压为零点几伏。 • The voltage across the resistor is a few (或 several ) tenths
of a volt. • 这根导线的电阻为零点零几欧姆。 • The resistance of the wire is a few (或 several ) hundredths
called a Watt(W),in honor of James Watt,developer of the steam engine.
Technology
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• （4）图题中一般可以省去冠词。下面例子中带下划线的词的前 面就省略了冠词。
• 图2-1用旋转矢量的垂直分量来产生正弦波 • Figure 2-1 Generation of sine wave by vertical component of
current,voltage and resistance. • 晶体管是由发射极、基极和集电极三部分构成
的。 • A transisitor consists of three parts:emitter,base
and collector.
10
• （6）表示独一无二的人之前不用冠词。 • 这被称为1赫兹，以纪念无线电波的发现者海
network.
12
• 3.特殊情况 • （1）在表示某个参数的单位的词前往往用
定冠词。 • 电位差的单位为伏特。 • The unit of potential difference is the volt. • 电容的单位为法拉。 • The uint of capacitance is the farad.
• 该电阻上的电压为零点几伏。 • The voltage across the resistor is a few (或 several ) tenths
of a volt. • 这根导线的电阻为零点零几欧姆。 • The resistance of the wire is a few (或 several ) hundredths
called a Watt(W),in honor of James Watt,developer of the steam engine.
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（5）介词的转译
Salts may be formed by the replacement of hydrogen from an acid with a metal.
盐可以通过用金属置换酸中的氢来制取。(prep. →v.)
作业：
Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.
2.3.2 句子成分转换的译法
所谓句子成分转换的译法，是把句子的某一成 分（如主语）译成另一成分（如宾语等）。在 多数情况下，词类转译必然导致句子成分的转 译，例如：当英语的动词转译为汉语的名词或 副词时，该动词的谓语成分也就相应地转译为 汉语的主语．宾语或状语等。
成分转换的目的是使译文通顺，符合汉语习惯。
图能直观地表示这个关系。
There is a large amount of energy wasted owing to friction.
由于摩擦而消耗了大量的能量。
英语中有些形容词（短语）表示“愿望、心理、情感”等一 类概念，相当于汉语的动词
They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.
校对阶段
该阶段是对上两个阶段的内容进行校对，检查译文是否能 够准确无误地转述原作内容；译文的语言表达是否规范，是 否符合汉语习惯。
2.3 科技英语翻译
•词类转化的译法 •句子成分转换的译法 •词序转变的译法 •被动语态的译法 •后置定语的译法 •长句的译法
2.3.1 词类转化的译法
（1）名词的转译
（2）动词的转译
An acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction.
酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。（v. →n.)
（3）形容词的转译
A graph gives a visual representation of the relationship.
Total determination of molecular structure is possible by means of X-ray diffraction. 用X射线衍射的方法可以全面地确定分子结构。 （n.→v.) The maiden voyage of the newly-built steamship was a success. 那艘新造轮船的首航是成功的。（n. →adj.)
He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.
Generally speaking, methane series are rather inert.
One of the outstanding properties of carbon atoms is its ability to share its electrons with other carbon atoms.
正：电路一接通，电流就开始流向线圈。
the moment… 一……就……
2.2 科技英语翻译过程
翻译过程一般需经过三个阶段：理解、表达、校对
理解阶段
在理解原文时，首先应把全篇文章阅读一遍，领略大意。 然后，明辨语法，弄清关系。最后结合上下文，逐句推敲。
表达阶段
表达就是选择恰当的汉语，把已经理解了的原作内容叙述 出来。
Force is any push or pull that tends to produce or prevent motion 误：力是任何倾向于产生或阻止运动的推或拉。
正：力是能产生或阻止运动的任何形式的推或拉。
The moment, the circuit is completed, a current will start flowing toward the coil. 误：电路被完成这一片刻，一个电流将开始流向这个线圈。
(3) 专业术语正确 进行科技英语翻译时，一定要使用术语，不能说外 行话。 the iron and steel industry 钢铁工业 （不能译为：铁和钢工业） the fluid of electricity 电流 （不能译作：电的流动） combine 化合（化学术语） （一般不能译作：结合）
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
（1）主语的转译
Evaporation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solution rather than forming and building crystals.
蒸发着重于将溶液浓缩，而不是生成和析出晶体。 （主语→谓语）
Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendency for water to separate their molecules into ions.
Lecture 2 科技英语翻译
2.1 科技英语翻译标准
(1) 信 （true) ——忠实 所谓忠实，即译文和原文是等义的。译文应当准确 无误地传达原文的真实含义，使读者能确切了解原 文的内容和精神，并如实领会原文的风格和文采。
(2) 达 （smooth) ——流畅、通顺 所谓达，即译文应当通顺地表达原文的含义。
Many chemical reactions need heat to make them take place.
Machine parts of irregular shape can be washed very clean by ultrasonic.
The expression of the relation between force, mass and acceleration is as follows.
他们对实验中获得的数据非常满意。
（4）副词的转译
The chemical experiment is over. 化学实验结束了。 The image must be dimensionally correct. 图的尺寸必须正确。 This film is uniformly thin. 该膜薄而均匀。