小升初语法知识点总结(二)

比较级注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。

如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My c omputer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.rain与snow的用法(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：动词原形rain， snow；第三人称单数rains ，snows；现在分词raining； snowing过去式rained； snowed;如：①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的如：It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我将呆在家里。

形容词副词比较级的构成规则的：(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er如；small—smaller；low—lower；(2)以e结尾的加r如：late—larer；(3)双写词尾加er如：big—bigger；thin—thinner；fat—fatter；(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er如：heavy—heavier；early—earlier；不规则的有：good，well—better(最高级为best)；many，much---more(最高级为most)；far---farther；规则动词过去式的构成(1)直接在动词后加ed如：clean—cleaned；milk—milked；play—played；(2)以e结尾的直接加d如：dance—danced；taste—tasted；(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed如：study—studied；carry—carried；(4)双写词尾加ed如：stop—stopped；jog—jogged；不规则的有：am，is—was；are—were；do，does—did；have，has—had；go—went；meet—met；sit—sat；see—saw；get—got；tell—told；run—ran；come—came；stea l—stole；read—read；现在分词的构成(1)直接在动词后加ing如：sing—singing；ski—skiing；(2)双写词尾加ing如：swim—swimming；jog—jogging；run—running；(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing如：ride—riding；dance—dancing；make—making；动词第三人称单数的构成(1)直接在动词后加s如：run—runs；dance—dances(2)以s，sh，ch，o结尾的加es如：do—does；go—goes；wash—washes；catch—catches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如：study—studies；carry—carries；名词复数构成的方法有规则的有：(1)直接在名词后加s如orange—oranges；photo—photos；(2)以x，s，sh，ch结尾的加es如：box—boxes；glass—glasses；waitress—waitresses；watch—watches；peach --peaches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如：study—studies；library—libraries；hobby—hobbies；family—families；(4)以f，fe结尾的改f，fe为v＋es如：knife—knives；thief—thieves（注：以o 结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es，mango—mangoes其余加s，）不规则的有：man—men；woman—women；people—people；child—children时间介词季节前，月份前用介词in如：in summer；in March具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词on如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning在几点钟前用介词at如： at a quarter to four;只在上下午晚上用in如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at night。

另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.介词介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式如：be good at running;do well in jumping;代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。

宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。

宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your his her its our you r their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分别是mine yo urs his hers its ours yours theirs。

some用于肯定句中，在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?想要做某事用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。

例：I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Muse um喜欢做某事用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。

如： Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。

The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。

比较than 前用比较级；as…as之间用原级。

如：My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比我爸年轻两岁。

Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远。

go的用法去干嘛用go +动词ing如: go swimming; go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing…祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。

如：Open the box for me ,please.请为我打开盒子。

Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛，明天请早点起床！Don’t walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.海伦！不要爬树。

情态动词can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。

如：The girl can’t swim, but he can skate.女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再课上说话，你应该认真听老师讲。

一般将来时表示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), thi s week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。

结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。

如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。

The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。

Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。

问句将be动词或will移前；否定句在be动词或will后加not.一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yeste rday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。

结构是主语+be动词的过去式（was; were）或主语+动词的过去式。

注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。

如：My earphones were on the ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。

Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了？我去参观农场了。

问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did，后面动词还原；否定句有be动词在后面加not，没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。

一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。

结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.如：We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t，后面动词一定要还原。