模版-Template Optics Letters

合集下载

optics letters字数 -回复

optics letters字数-回复什么是光学信函？光学信函是一种被广泛使用的科学期刊，它涵盖了光学和光子学领域的各种研究论文。

光学信函是由美国光学学会（OSA）出版的，旨在促进光学领域内的学术交流和研究成果的传播。

该期刊以简洁和紧凑的形式出版，以期鼓励同行之间的快速交流和启发。

光学信函的特点是其文章的字数限制。

为了保持论文的简洁性和易读性，光学信函通过限制字数来鼓励作者仅关注核心结果和发现。

一般来说，光学信函的文章长度在四页以内，所以字数限制在1500-2000字之间。

写一篇光学信函文章的步骤：1.选择一个主题：选择一个对光学领域有重要影响的主题，确保该主题可以在1500-2000字的限制下进行全面阐述。

2.介绍问题：在文章的引言部分，简洁地介绍你要解决的问题或探索的领域。

这个问题或领域应该是当前光学领域正在关注的热点，并且有足够的重要性。

3.文献回顾：在前人的研究中找到相关的论文，并对它们进行简要回顾。

这将帮助你将自己的工作与现有研究相联系，并强调你的工作与以前的工作的创新之处。

4.方法和实验：描述你所采用的方法和实验来解决你提出的问题。

在这一部分中，要说明你的方法的优势和优点，并解释为什么你选择了这种方法。

5.结果和讨论：展示你的实验结果，包括定量和定性的数据。

对结果进行分析，并讨论你的发现如何与之前的研究相吻合或相区别。

讨论你的结果对光学领域的贡献。

6.结论：总结你的发现，并展望未来的研究方向。

强调你的工作对光学学科的重要性，并提出进一步研究的建议。

7.参考文献：列出你引用的文献，确保格式和引用风格符合光学信函的规定。

8.编辑和修改：完成初稿后，仔细编辑和修改你的文章，确保语法错误和拼写错误的纠正，确保文章的流畅性和可读性。

最后，将你的文章提交到光学信函并等待同行评议和编辑意见。

根据他们的反馈，进行必要的修改和改进，以确保你的论文在光学学术界有重要影响。

Applied Optics 论文模板

Template for preparing a research article for submission to Applied Optics,JOSA A,or JOSA BA UTHOR O NE,1A UTHOR T WO,1A UTHOR T HREE2,*1Publications Department, OSA—The Optical Society, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 200362College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China*Corresponding author: ************************Received XX Month XXXX; revised XX Month, XXXX; accepted XX Month XXXX; posted XX Month XXXX (Doc. ID XXXXX); published XX Month XXXX This template can be used to prepare a research article for submission to Applied Optics, JOSA A, or JOSA B. Consult the OSA Author Style Guide for general information about manuscript preparation. ©2015 Optical Society of AmericaOCIS codes: (140.3490) Lasers, distributed-feedback; (060.2420) Fibers, polarization-maintaining; (060.3735) Fiber Bragg gratings; (060.2370) Fiber optics sensors./10.1364/AO.99.099999To use this template, you will need to apply the embedded styles to eachparagraph-level item in your manuscript, or simply use this template asa visual guide.Headings. The styles for the three levels of headings in Applied Optics,JOSA A, and JOSA B are1. SECTIONA. Subsection 11. Subsection 2Using the Word styles.In this template, styles such as “01 Title” for the manuscript appear in the MS Word Styles ribbon (or toolbar for older versions of Word). The names of these styles will begin with “OSA”; for example, the title style is “OSA Title.” Apply the appropriate style before typing or apply the style to existing text. It is possible to paste manuscript text into this template or attach this template to an existing manuscript.Margins. The margins for articles published in Applied Optics, JOSA A, and JOSA B are 0.75” (top), 0.88” (bottom), and 0.69” (left and right). Please ensure that these margins are set for the whole document. Equations. Display equations should be broken and aligned for two-column display unless spanning across two columns is essential. For MathType math, use the Format Equations feature to format all equations as Times + Symbol 10. Apply the Equations style to create appropriate spacing above and below.(1)Fig. 1. Caption text with descriptions of (a), (b), and (c).Figures. As with tables and equations, figures should be set as one column wide if possible unless two-column display is essential. If possible, set the figures in the desired position within the text. Tables. Styles for table title, table head, and table text are provided in the MS Word Styles ribbon. Tables should be set as one column wide if possible and be placed near their first mention in the body. Supplementary material. Consult the Author Guidelines for Supplementary Materials in OSA Journals for details on accepted types of materials and instructions on how to cite them.All materials must be associated with a figure, table, or equation or be referenced in the results section of the manuscript.(1) 2D and 3D image files and video must be labeled “Visualization,” not “Movie,” “Video,” “Figure,” etc.(2) Machine-readable data (for example, csv files) must be labeled “Data File.” Number data files and visualizations consecutively, e.g., “Visualization 1, Visualization 2….”(3) Large datasets or code files must be placed in an open, archival database. Such items should be mentioned in the text as either “Dataset”or “Code,” as appropriate, and also be cited in the references list. For example, “see Dataset 1 (Ref. [1]) and Code 1 (Ref [2]).” H ere are examples of the references:Sample dataset citation1.T. Ireno and R. Tadaa, "Chemical and mineral compositions of sedimentsfrom ODP Site 127-797" (Geological Institute, University of Tokyo, 2009), /10.1594/PANGAEA.726855.Sample code citation2.Zima Engineering, ZIMA-CAD-Parts: Application for management of CADfiles and projects (version 0.5.0-beta1) [software] (2013),/projects/zima-cad-parts/.Funding sources and acknowledgments. Formal funding sources should be listed in a separate paragraph block before any other acknowledgment information. Funding sources and any associated grant numbers should match the information entered into the Prism manuscript system. Funders should be listed without any introductory language or use of labels (do not use labels such as “grant no.”). Here is an example:Funding Inforamtion. National Science Foundation (NSF) (1263236, 0968895, 1102301); The 863 Program (2013AA014402) Acknowledgment. We thank the Optics Laboratory for the use of their equipment.References1.M. R. E. Lamont, Y. Okawachi, and A. L. Gaeta, “Study about lasers andoptics,” Opt. Lett. 38, 3478 (2013).2.A. Cordero-Davila, J. R. Kantun-Montiel, and J. Gonzalez-Garcia, in Imagingand Applied Optics Technical Digest 2012 (Optical Society of America,2012), p. 13.。

英语作文万能模板信件类

英语作文万能模板信件类Letter Writing: A Universal Template for Writing Letters。

In today's digital age, letter writing has become a lost art. However, there are still occasions when writing a letter is the most appropriate and meaningful form of communication. Whether it's a formal business letter, a heartfelt thank-you note, or a friendly letter to a loved one, knowing how to structure and format a letter is an essential skill. In this article, we will provide a universal template for writing letters, covering everything from the salutation to the closing.1. Date and Address。

The first step in writing a letter is to include the date at the top of the page, followed by the sender's address. If you are writing a formal business letter, you should also include the recipient's address below the date. This helps to ensure that the letter reaches the intended recipient in a timely manner.2. Salutation。

chinese optics letters文章格式 -回复

chinese optics letters文章格式-回复中国光学通信网络的快速发展[Chinese optics letters文章格式]摘要：本文将介绍中国光学通信网络的快速发展。

首先，将回顾光学通信网络的发展历程，然后讨论中国光学通信网络在全球范围的地位。

接下来，将详细分析中国光学通信网络的技术创新和应用，并探讨其产业化的挑战。

最后，将对未来中国光学通信网络的发展趋势进行展望。

1. 引言光学通信网络作为现代通信领域的重要组成部分，已经在全球范围内得到广泛应用。

在中国，随着经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高，光纤通信在经济、社会和生活中的地位愈加重要。

中国光学通信网络的快速发展也成为国家战略规划的一部分。

本文将对中国光学通信网络的发展进行全面分析和展望。

2. 光学通信网络的发展历程自20世纪70年代以来，光学通信网络一直在不断发展。

最初的光纤通信是使用单模光纤进行长距离传输，随后出现了多光纤复用技术，进一步提高了网络的传输容量和效率。

随着技术的进步，光纤传输速度不断提高，光放大器和光交叉连接等设备也不断发展，实现了更高效、更稳定的光纤通信。

3. 中国光学通信网络在全球范围的地位中国是全球最大的光纤通信市场之一，也是全球光学通信网络设备和技术的重要制造和研发基地。

中国的光学通信网络技术在全球范围内具有竞争力，在国际光纤通信标准制定和技术研究方面发挥着重要的作用。

中国光学通信网络的市场规模逐年增长，对中国经济的发展和社会的进步起到了积极的推动作用。

4. 中国光学通信网络的技术创新和应用中国在光学通信网络方面进行了大量的技术创新和应用研究。

光纤传输速度的提高、光纤放大器的改进、光纤交叉连接和光开关等关键技术的突破，使得中国光学通信网络能够实现更高效、更稳定的数据传输。

中国光学通信网络的应用领域涵盖了电信、互联网、大数据、云计算等各个领域。

特别是在5G通信、物联网和智能交通等领域，中国光学通信网络的技术创新和应用表现出色。

ieee-template-17(ieee模板)

Abstract—These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IEEE Transactions and Journals. Use this document asa template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase.Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write ―(Invited)‖ in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors’ initials. The abstract must be a concise yet comprehensive reflection of what is in your article. Inparticular, the abstract must be self-contained, withoutabbreviations, footnotes, or references. It should be amicrocosm of the full article. The abstract must be between150–250 words. Be sure that you adhere to these limits;otherwise, you will need to edit your abstract accordingly. The abstract must be written as one paragraph, and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. The abstract should include three or four different keywords or phrases, as this will help readers to find it. It is important to avoid over-repetition of such phrases as this can result in a page being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct.Index Terms—Enter key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas. For a list of suggested keywords, send a blank e-mail to keywords@ or visit /organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txtI.I NTRODUCTIONHIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper or PDF version ofThis paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you submitted your paper for review. It will also contain support information, including sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. For example, ―This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456.‖The next few paragraphs should contain the authors’ current affiliations, including current address and e-mail. For example, F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (e-mail: author@ ).S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@).T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp). this document, please download the electronic file,the IEEE Web siteso you can use it to prepare yourprefer to use LaTeX, download IEEE’s LaTeX style and sample files from the same Web page. You can also explore using the Overleaf editor at https:///blog/278-how-to-use-overleaf-with-ieee-collabratec-your-quick-guide-to-getting-started#.Vp6tpPk rKM9If your paper is intended for a conference,please contact your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor formats for your particular conference.II.G UIDELINES F OR M ANUSCRIPT P REPARATION When you open trans_jour.docx, select ―Page Layout‖ from the ―View‖ menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), (these instructions assume MS 6.0. Some versions may have alternate ways to access the same functionalities noted here). Then, type over sections of trans_jour.docx or cut and paste from another document and use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word window (for example, the style at this point in the document is ―Text‖). Highlight a section that you want t o designate with a certain style, and then select the appropriate name on the style menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited number of e italics for emphasis; do not underline.To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special | Picture (with ―float over text‖ unchecked).IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your paper is intended for a conference, please observe the conference page limits.A.Abbreviations and AcronymsDefine abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have already been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods should not have spaces: write ―C.N.R.S.,‖ not ―C. N. R. S.‖ Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable (for example, ―IEEE‖ in the title of this article).Preparation of Papers for IEEE T RANSACTIONS and J OURNALS(February 2017)First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author, Jr., Member, IEEETB.Other RecommendationsUse one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex modifiers: ―zero-field-cooled magnetization.‖ Avoid dangling participles, such as, ―Using (1), the potential was calculated.‖ [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, ―The potential was calculated by using (1),‖ or ―Using (1), we calculated the potential.‖Use a zero before decimal points: ―0.25,‖ not ―.25.‖ Use ―cm3,‖ not ―cc.‖ Indicate sample dimensions as ―0.1 cm ⨯ 0.2 cm,‖ not ―0.1 ⨯ 0.2 cm2.‖ The abbreviation for ―seconds‖ is ―s,‖ not ―sec.‖ Use ―Wb/m2‖ or ―webers per square meter,‖ not ―webers/m2.‖ When expressing a range of values, write ―7 to 9‖ or ―7-9,‖ not ―7~9.‖A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas are within quotation marks, like ―this period.‖ Other punctuation is ―outside‖! Avoid contractions; for example, write ―do not‖ instead of ―don’t.‖ The serial comma is preferred: ―A, B, and C‖ instead of ―A,B and C.‖If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural and us e the active voice (―I observed that ...‖ or ―We observed that ...‖ instead of ―It was observed that ...‖). Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to carefully proofread your paper.III.M ATHIf you are using Word,use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType add-on () for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). ―Float over text‖ should not be selected.A.EquationsNumber equations consecutively with equation numbers in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the ―Equation‖ markup style. Press the tab key and write the equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence, as in(1) Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to ―(1),‖ not ―Eq. (1)‖ or ―equation (1),‖ except at t he beginning of a sentence: ―Equation (1) is ... .‖IV.U NITSUse either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage. For example, w rite ―15 Gb/cm2 (100 Gb/in2).‖ An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as ―3½-in disk drive.‖ Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ0H. Use the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., ―A·m2.‖V.S OME C OMMON M ISTAKESThe word ―data‖ is plural, not singular. The subscript for the permeability of vacuum µ0is zero, not a lowercase letter ―o.‖ The term for residual magnetization is ―remanence‖; the adjective is ―remanent‖; do not write ―remnance‖ or ―remnant.‖ Use the word ―micrometer‖ instead of ―micron.‖ A graph within a graph is an ―inset,‖ not an ―insert.‖ The word ―alternatively‖ is preferred to the word ―alternately‖ (unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the word ―whereas‖ instead of ―while‖ (unless you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not use the word ―essentially‖ to mean ―approximately‖ or ―effectively.‖ Do n ot use the word ―issue‖ as a euphemism for ―problem.‖ When compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for example, ―NiMn‖ indicates the intermetallic compound Ni0.5Mn0.5whereas ―Ni–Mn‖ indicates an alloy of some composition Ni x Mn1-x.Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones ―affect‖ (usually a verb) and ―effect‖ (usually a noun), ―complement‖ and ―compliment,‖ ―discreet‖ and ―discrete,‖ ―principal‖ (e.g., ―principal investigator‖) and ―principle‖ (e.g., ―principle of measurement‖). Do not confuse ―imply‖ and ―infer.‖Prefixes such as ―non,‖ ―sub,‖ ―micro,‖ ―multi,‖ and ―ultra‖ are not independent words; they should be joined to the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period after the ―et‖ in the Latin abbreviation ―et al.‖ (it is also italicized). The abbreviation ―i.e.,‖ means ―that is,‖ and the abbreviation ―e.g.,‖ means ―for example‖ (these abbreviations are not italicized).styleguide is available atVI.G UIDELINES FOR G RAPHICS P REPARATIONAND S UBMISSIONA.Types of GraphicsThe following list outlines the different types of graphics published in IEEE journals. They are categorized based on their construction, and use of color / shades of gray:1)Color/Grayscale figuresFigures that are meant to appear in color, or shades of black/gray. Such figures may include photographs, illustrations, multicolor graphs, and flowcharts.2)Line Art figuresFigures that are composed of only black lines and shapes.These figures should have no shades or half-tones of gray, only black and white.3)Author photosHead and shoulders shots of authors that appear at the end of our papers.4)TablesData charts which are typically black and white, but sometimes include color.B.Multipart figuresFigures compiled of more than one sub-figure presented side-by-side, or stacked. If a multipart figure is made up of multiple figure types (one part is lineart, and another is grayscale or color) the figure should meet the stricter guidelines.C.File Formats For GraphicsFormat and save your graphics using a suitable graphics processing program that will allow you to create the images as PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS), Tagged Image File Format (.TIFF), Portable Document Format (.PDF), or Portable Network Graphics (.PNG) sizes them, and adjusts the resolution settings. If you created your source files in one of thewithout converting to a PS, EPS, TIFF, PDF, or PNG file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Microsoft Excel. Though it is not required, it is strongly recommended that these files be saved in PDF format rather than DOC, XLS, or PPT. Doing so will protect your figures from common font and arrow stroke issues that occur when working on the files across multiple platforms. When submitting your final paper, your graphics should all be submitted individually in one of these formats along with the manuscript.D.Sizing of GraphicsMost charts, graphs, and tables are one column wide (3.5inches / 88 millimeters / 21 picas) or page wide (7.16 inches / 181 millimeters / 43 picas). The maximum depth a graphic canbe is 8.5 inches (216 millimeters / 54 picas). When choosing thedepth of a graphic, please allow space for a caption. Figures canbe sized between column and page widths if the author chooses,however it is recommended that figures are not sized less thancolumn width unless when necessary.There is currently one publication with column measurementsthat do not coincide with those listed above. P ROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE has a column measurement of 3.25 inches (82.5 millimeters / 19.5 picas).The final printed size of author photographs is exactly 1 inch wide by 1.25 inches tall (25.4millimeters x 31.75 millimeters / 6 picas x 7.5 picas). Author photos printed in editorials measure 1.59 inches wide by 2 inches tall (40 millimeters x 50 millimeters / 9.5 picas x 12 picas).Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that ―Fig.‖ is abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the caption.E.ResolutionThe proper resolution of your figures will depend on the type of figure it is as defined in the “Types of Figures” section. Author photographs, color, and grayscale figures should be at least 300dpi. Lineart, including tables should be a minimum of 600dpi.F.Vector ArtI n order to preserve the figures‟ integrity across multiple computer platforms, we accept files in the following formats: .EPS/.PDF/.PS. All fonts must be embedded or text converted to outlines in order to achieve the best-quality results.G.Color SpaceThe term color space refers to the entire sum of colors that can be represented within the said medium. For our purposes, the three main color spaces are Grayscale, RGB (red/green/blue) and CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/black). RGB is generally used with on-screen graphics, whereas CMYK is used for printing purposes.All color figures should be generated in RGB or CMYK color space. Grayscale images should be submitted in Grayscale color space. Line art may be provided in grayscale OR bitmap colorspace. Note that “bitmap colorspace” and “bitmap file format” are not the same thing. When bitmap color space is selected, .TIF/.TIFF/.PNG are the recommended file formats.H.Accepted Fonts Within FiguresWhen preparing your graphics IEEE suggests that you use of one of the following Open Type fonts: Times New Roman, Helvetica, Arial, Cambria, and Symbol. If you are supplying EPS, PS, or PDF files all fonts must be embedded. Some fonts may only be native to your operating system; without the fonts embedded, parts of the graphic may be distorted or missing.A safe option when finalizing your figures is to strip out the fonts before you save the files, creating ―outline‖ type. This converts fonts to artwork what will appear uniformly on any screen.ing Labels Within Figures1)Figure Axis labelsFigure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity ―Magnetization,‖ or ―Magnetization M,‖ not just ―M.‖ Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write ―Magnetization (A/m)‖ or ―Magnetization (A⋅m-1),‖ not just ―A/m.‖ Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, wri te ―Temperature (K),‖ not ―Temperature/K.‖Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write ―Magnetization (kA/m)‖ or ―Magnetization (103A/m).‖ Do not write ―Magnetization (A/m) ⨯1000‖ because the reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8 to 10 point type. 2)Subfigure Labels in Multipart Figures and Tables Multipart figures should be combined and labeled before final submission. Labels should appear centered below each subfigure in 8 point Times New Roman font in the format of (a) (b) (c).J.File NamingFigures (line artwork or photographs) should be named starting with the first 5 letters of the author‟s last name. The next characters in the filename should be the number that represents the sequential location of this image in your article. For example, in author “Anderson‟s” paper, the first three figures would be named ander1.tif, ander2.tif, and ander3.ps. Tables should contain only the body of the table (not the caption) and should be named similarly to figures, except that ….t‟ is inserted in-between the author‟s name and the table number. For example, author Anderson‟s first three tables would be named ander.t1.tif, ander.t2.ps, ander.t3.eps.Author photographs should be named using the first five characters of the pictured author‟s last name. For example, four author photographs for a paper may be named: oppen.ps, moshc.tif, chen.eps, and duran.pdf.If two authors or more have the same last name, their first initial(s) can be substituted for the fifth, fourth, third... letters of their surname until the degree where there is differentiation. For example, two authors Michael and Monica Opp enheimer‟s photos would be named oppmi.tif, and oppmo.eps.K.Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your PaperWhen referencing your figures and tables within your paper, use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be numbered with Roman Numerals.L.Checking Your Figures: The IEEE Graphics AnalyzerThe IEEE Graphics Analyzer enables authors to pre-screen their graphics for compliance with IEEE Transactions and Journals standards before submission. The online tool, located at /, allows authors to upload their graphics in order to check that each file is the correct file format, resolution, size and colorspace; that no fonts are missing or corrupt; that figures are not compiled in layers or have transparency, and that they are named according to the IEEE Transactions and Journals naming convention. At the end of this automated process, authors are provided with a detailed report on each graphic within the web applet, as well as by email.For more information on using the Graphics Analyzer or any other graphics related topic, contact the IEEE Graphics Help Desk by e-mail at graphics@.M.Submitting Your GraphicsBecause IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be placed at the end of your paper. In addition to, or even in lieu of submitting figures within your final manuscript, figures should be submitted individually, separate from themanuscript in one of the file formats listed above in section VI-J. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. Please do not include captions as part of the figures, or put them in ―text boxes‖ linked to the figures. Also, do not place borders around the outside of your figures.N.Color Processing / Printing in IEEE JournalsAll IEEE Transactions, Journals, and Letters allow an author to publish color figures on IEEE Xplore®at no charge, and automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. In most journals, figures and tables may alternatively be printed in color if an author chooses to do so. Please note that this service comes at an extra expense to the author. If you intend to have print color graphics, include a note with your final paper indicating which figures or tables you would like to be handled that way, and stating that you are willing to pay the additional fee.VII.C ONCLUSIONA conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions.A PPENDIXAppendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThe preferred spelling of the word ―acknowledgment‖ in American English is without an ―e‖ after the ―g.‖ Use the singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. Avoid expressions such as ―One of us (S.B.A.) would like to thank ... .‖ Instead, write ―F. A. Author thanks ... .‖ In most cases, sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here. R EFERENCES AND F OOTNOTESA.ReferencesReferences need not be cited in text. When they are, they appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation. Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets. When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page numbers. In text, refer simply to the reference number. Do not use ―Ref.‖ or ―reference‖ except at the beginning of a sentence: ―Reference [3] shows ... .‖ Please do not use automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of the paper using the ―References‖ style.Reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference. The reference numbers are on the line, enclosed in square brackets. In all references, the given name of the author or editor is abbreviated to the initial only and precedes the last name. Use them all; use et al. only if names are not given. Use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names. Abbreviate conference titles. When citing IEEE transactions, provide the issue number, page range, volume number, year,and/or month if available. When referencing a patent, provide the day and the month of issue, or application. References may not include all information; please obtain and include relevant information. Do not combine references. There must be only one reference with each number. If there is a URL included with the print reference, it can be included at the end of the reference.Other than books, capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation See the end of this document for formats and examples of common references. For a complete discussion of referencessee the IEEE style manualatA.FootnotesNumber footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | Footnote).1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see Table I).VIII.S UBMITTING Y OUR P APER FOR R EVIEWA.Review Stage Using Word 6.0 or HigherIf you want to submit your file with one column electronically, please do the following:--First, click on the View menu and choose Print Layout.--Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go to the Format menu, choose Columns, choose one column Layout, and choose ―apply to whole document‖ from the dropdown menu.--Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just over 4 inches in width.The graphics will stay in the ―second‖ column, but you can drag them to the first column. Make the graphic wider to push out any text that may try to fill in next to the graphic.B.Final Stage Using Word 6.0When you submit your final version (after your paper has been accepted), print it in two-column format, including figures and tables. You must also send your final manuscript on a disk, via e-mail, or through a Web manuscript submission system as directed by the society contact. You may use Zip for large files, or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip. Also, send a sheet of paper or PDF with complete contact information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This information will be used to send each author a complimentary copy of the journal in which the paper appears. In addition, designate one author as the ―corresponding author.‖ This is the author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the corresponding author only.1It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the footnote information into the text.C.Review Stage Using ScholarOne®ManuscriptsContributions to the Transactions,Journals, and Letters may be submitted electronically on IEEE’s on-line manuscript submission and peer-review system, ScholarOne® Manuscripts. You can get a listing of the publications that participate in ScholarOneat/publications_standards/publications/autho rs/authors_submission.html First check if you have an existing account. If there is none, please create a new account. After logging in, go to your Author Center and click ―Submit First Draft of a New Manuscript.‖Along with other information, you will be asked to select the subject from a pull-down list. Depending on the journal, there are various steps to the submission process; you must complete all steps for a complete submission. At the end of each step you must click ―Save and Continue‖; just uploading the paper is not sufficient. After the last step, you should see a confirmation that the submission is complete. You should also receive an e-mail confirmation. For inquiries regarding the submission of your paper on ScholarOne Manuscripts, please contact oprs-support@ or call +1 732 465 5861.ScholarOne Manuscripts will accept files for review in various formats. Please check the guidelines of the specific journal for which you plan to submit.You will be asked to file an electronic copyright form immediately upon completing the submission process (authors are responsible for obtaining any security clearances). Failure to submit the electronic copyright could result in publishing delays later. You will also have the opportunity to designate your article as ―open access‖ if you agree to pay the IEEE open access fee.D.Final Stage Using ScholarOne ManuscriptsUpon acceptance, you will receive an email with specific instructions regarding the submission of your final files. To avoid any delays in publication, please be sure to follow these instructions. Most journals require that final submissions be uploaded through ScholarOne Manuscripts, although some may still accept final submissions via email. Final submissions should include source files of your accepted manuscript, high quality graphic files, and a formatted pdf file. If you have any questions regarding the final submission process, please contact the administrative contact for the journal.In addition to this, upload a file with complete contact information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. Designate the author who submitted the manuscript on ScholarOne Manuscripts as the ―corresponding author.‖ This is the only author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent.E.Copyright FormAuthors must submit an electronic IEEE Copyright Form (eCF) upon submitting their final manuscript files. You can access the eCF system through your manuscript submission system or through the Author Gateway.You are responsible for obtaining any necessary approvals and/or security clearances. For additional information on intellectual property rights, visit the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights department web page at /publications_standards/publications/rights /index.html.IX.IEEE P UBLISHING P OLICYThe general IEEE policy requires that authors should only submit original work that has neither appeared elsewhere for publication, nor is under review for another refereed publication. The submitting author must disclose all prior publication(s) and current submissions when submitting a manuscript. Do not publish ―preliminary‖ data or results. The submitting author is responsible for obtaining agreement of all coauthors and any consent required from employers or sponsors before submitting an article. The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department strongly discourages courtesy authorship; it is the obligation of the authors to cite only relevant prior work.The IEEE Transactions and Journals Department does not publish conference records or proceedings, but can publish articles related to conferences that have undergone rigorous peer review. Minimally, two reviews are required for every article submitted for peer review.X.P UBLICATION P RINCIPLESThe two types of contents of that are published are; 1) peer-reviewed and 2) archival. The Transactions and Journals Department publishes scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and topics of current interest.Authors should consider the following points:1)Technical papers submitted for publication must advancethe state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.2)The length of a submitted paper should be commensuratewith the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious extension of previously published work might not be appropriate for publication or might be adequately treated in just a few pages.3)Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the editorsof the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or unexpected results are reported.4)Because replication is required for scientific progress,papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient information to allow readers to perform similar experiments or calculations and use the reported results.Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must contain new, useable, and fully described information. For example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not be reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a new measurement technique. Authors should expect to be challenged by reviewers if the results are not supported by adequate data and critical details.5)Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latesttechnical achievement, which are suitable for presentation。

OpticsExpress模版

OpticsExpress模版Instructions for the preparation of a manuscript for OSA Express JournalsDan McDonold1 and Theresa Miller2,3,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington,D.C. 20036, USA2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20036,USA3Currently with the Department of Electronic Journals, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C. 20036, USA*opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.htmlAbstract:Updated 1 February 2016. Explicit and detailed rules are givenfor preparing a manuscript for OSA Express Journals. After a generalintroduction and a summary of the basic requirements, specific guidelinesare given for all major manuscript elements (such as abstract, headings,figures, tables, and references) to achieve optimal typographic quality. Theuse of complete and properly formatted references is particularly important.Adherence to these guidelines will significantly expedite the production ofyour paper.2016 Optical Society of AmericaOCIS codes: (000.0000) General; (000.2700) General science.References and links1.P. J. Harshman, T. K. Gustafson, and P. Kelley, ―Title of paper,‖ J. Chem. Phys. 3, (to be published).2.K. Gallo and G. Assanto, ―All-optical diode based on second-harmonic generation in an asymmetricwaveguide,‖ J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16(2), 267–269 (1999).3. B. R. Masters, ―Three-dimensional microscopic tomographic imagings of the cataract in a human lens in vivo,‖Opt. Express 3(9), 332–338 (1998).4. D. Yelin, D. Oron, S. Thiberge, E. Moses, and Y. Silberberg, ―Multiphoton plasmon-resonance microscopy,‖Opt. Express 11(12), 1385–1391 (2003).1. IntroductionAdherence to the specifications listed in this style guide is essential for efficient review and publication of submissions. Since OSA does not routinely perform copyediting and typesetting for the express journals, the use of the macros in this style guide is critical to providing a consistent appearance.OSA Publishing’s express jou rnals create archival-quality XML along with PDF output. XML is the industry standard for producing and archiving scientific journal articles and is used in producing all other OSA journals. Having full-text XML will allow the express journals to be indexed more accurately and completely in MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and other databases; it will also allow the journal to meet its archival obligations and to prepare for new services, such as full-text semantic search and repurposing of content.OSA accepts Word and LaTeX submissions; however, we encourage authors to submit papers in MS Word. OSA will not publish the same Word file that authors submit for their final revisions, so it is imperative that authors carefully check the final version of their paper before paying the publication fee. OSA uses a Word plug-in called eXtyles to normalize, format, tag, and parse the file into full-text XML. eXtyles automatically reformats, checks, and updates the references against the CrossRef and PubMed databases. In addition to running other auto-redact editing rules, eXtyles checks all reference, figure, table and equation callouts in the text to ensure all items are cited.Except for numbering and titling of sections, which may not be desirable for short articles, the express journal style and layout rules have been followed in this guide. There is a checklist available in Section 6 that summarizes the style specifications. 2. Page layout and lengthPaper size should be U.S. Letter, 21.505 cm x 27.83 cm (8.5 in. x 11 in.). The printing area should be set to 13.28 cm x 21.54 cm (5.25 in. x 8.5 in.); margins should be set for a 2.54-cm (1 in.) top and 4.11-cm (1.625 in.) left, right, and bottom.To maintain a rapid publication cycle, the recommended page length for an express journal article is 6 pages. Higher publication fees apply to articles 7–15 pages in length. There is an additional per-page fee for manuscripts longer than 15 pages.3. SoftwareOSA Express Journals accepts Word and TeX files.4. Typographical styleAll fonts for text should be some version of Times New Roman. Text should be 10-pt., the title should be 18-pt., and the affiliation and references should be 8-pt. Do not add hyphenation at the end of a line.4.1 TitleCenter the title. The title should be in 18-pt. bold font. Use initial cap for first word in title or for proper nouns. Use lowercase following colon. Title should not begin with an article or contain the words "first," "new" or "novel."4.2 Author nameCenter author names in 10-pt. bold font. Author names should appear as used for conventional publication, with first and middle names or initials followed by surname. Every effort should be made to keep author names consistent from one paper to the next as they appear within OSA publications.4.3 Author affiliationAll authors and affiliations should be styled in the following below. If all authors share one affiliation, superscript numbers are not needed. The corresponding author will have an asterisk correlating to an email address. All authors must be grouped together using superscripts to callout each affiliation. Hard returns (Enter key) must be used to separate each individual affiliation. Abbreviations should not be used. Center the e-mail address of author(s) directly below the affiliation. Please include the country at the end of the affiliation.Dan McDonold1 and Theresa Miller2,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA 2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA*opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.htmlOption 1 for affiliation line with two email addresses (only one for the corresponding author)Dan McDonold1,3 and Theresa Miller2,*1Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA 2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA3xyz@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html*opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.htmlOption 2 for affiliation line with two email addresses (no asterisk used to denote corresponding authorship, implying that the two email addresses share corresponding authorship equally)Dan McDonold1,3 and Theresa Miller2,41Peer Review, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA 2Publications Department, Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA3xyz@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html4opex@/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html4.4 AbstractBegin the section with the word ―Abstract:‖ in bold print followed by a colon. Indent left and right margins 1.27 cm (0.5 in.). Font size should be 10-pt. and alignment double (left and right) justified.The abstract should be limited to approximately 100 words. It should be an explicit summary of the paper that states the problem, the methods used, and the major results and conclusions. It also should contain the relevant key words that would allow it to be found in a cursory computerized search. If the work of another author is cited in the abstract, that citation should be written out without a number, [e.g., journal, volume, first page, and year (Opt. Express 22, 1234 (2014).)], and a separate citation should be included in the body of the text. The first reference cited in the main text must be [1]. Do not include numbers, bullets, or lists inside the abstract.4.5. CopyrightThe line immediately following the abstract should be2016 Optical Society of Americain 9-pt. type. Please be sure to update this line with the appropriate publication year if needed. Indentation should match the abstract, i.e., 1.27 cm (0.5 in.). Insert a 4-pt. space above and below the copyright line. See the first page of these instructions.4.6 OCIS subject classificationOptics Classification and Indexing Scheme (OCIS) subject classifications should be included at the end of the abstract. OCIS codes should be provided to help with indexing. List the OCIS code in parenthesis, followed by the term spelled out; separate OCIS terms with semicolons. Each paper must contain two to six OCIS codes. Use 8-pt. type for this line. Please avoid using OCIS codes (000.0000) General or (000.2700) General science, and instead customize these codes to best represent the topics of your manuscript.OCIS codes can be selected during upload. Follow the link for a complete listing.OCIS codes: (260.1440) Birefringence; (050.1950) Diffraction gratings4.7 Main textThe first line of the first paragraph of a section or subsection should start flush left. The first line of subsequent paragraphs within the section or subsection should be indented 0.62 cm (0.2 in.). All main text should be alignment double (left and right) justified.Section headings may be numbered consecutively and consistently throughout the paper in Arabic numbers and typed in bold. Use an initial capital letter followed by lowercase, except for proper names, abbreviations, etc. Always start headings flush left. Do not include references to the literature, illustrations, or tables in headings. Insert a 6-pt. space above and below each section heading as shown in this paper.Subsection headings may be numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers to the right of the decimal point, with the section number to the left of the decimal point as shown in this paper. Subsection headings should be in italics, with an initial capital letter followed by lowercase, except for proper names, abbreviations, etc. Start subsection headings flush left. Do not include references to the literature, illustrations, or tables in headings. Create a 6-pt. space above and below each subsection heading as shown in this paper.Numbering of section headings and subsection headings is optional but must be used consistently throughout papers in which it is applied.4.8 EquationsThe express journals do not accept equations built using the Word 2007 or 2010 Equation Builder. All display equations should be created in MathType (or the Microsoft Equation editor from Design Science). Inline equations can be created with these tools or by using keyboard and Unicode characters where needed for the best quality line spacing. We stronglyencourage authors to use MathType 6.7. Note that LaTeX users can type LaTeX code directly into MathType for rendering in Word.Equations should be centered, unless they are so long that less than 1 cm will be left between the end of the equation and the equation number, in which case they may run on to the next line. Equations should have a 6-pt. space above and below the text. Equation numbers should appear at the right-hand margin, in parenthesis. For long equations, the equation number may appear on the next line. For very long equations, the right side of the equation should be broken into approximately equal parts and aligned to the right of the equal sign. The equation number should appear only at the right hand margin of the last line of the equation:(1)All equations should be numbered in the order in which they appear and should be referenced from within the main text as Eq. (1).In-line math of simple fractions should use parentheses when necessary to avoid ambiguity; for example, to distinguish between 1/(n - 1) and 1/n - 1. Exceptions to this are the proper fractions such as ?, which are better left in this form. Summations and integrals that appear within text such as ()-1211-22n n n n =∞=∑ should have limits placed to the right of the symbol to reduce white space. Use MathType, Design Science Equation Editor, or Unicode character sets for in-text and display notation wherever possible.4.9 References and linksReferences should appear at the top of the article, below the abstract, in the order in which they are referenced in the body of the paper (see below). The font should be 8-pt. aligned left. Lines should be single-spaced. The words ―References and links ‖ should head the section (no number) in bold print followed by one blank line, directly above the first reference. Insert a 6-pt. space above the ―References and links ‖ line. All references should be indented 0.5 cm (0.2 in), with succeeding lines indented sufficiently to preserve alignment. The references section should be delimited by horizontal rules above and below the section, separated by at least 6-pts. of white space from the text.OSA Express Journals use numerical notation in brackets for bibliographic citations. At the point of citation within the main text, designate the reference by typing the number in after the last corresponding word [1]. Reference numbers should precede a comma or period [2]. Two references [3,4], should be included together, separated by a comma, while three or more consecutive references should be indicated by the bounding numbers and a dash [1–4].The express journals follow the following citation style:Journal paperFor journal articles, authors are listed first, followed by the article’s full title in quotes, the journal’s title abbreviation, the volume number in bold, the issue number in Roman and parenthesis, inclusive page numbers, and the year in parentheses. Journal titles are required. Do not include web addresses in published journal citations —these will be added post-publication.1. C. van Trigt, ―Visual s ystem-response functions and estimating reflectance,‖ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(4), 741–755 (1997).2.S. Yerolatsitis, I. Gris-Sánches, and T. A. Birks, ―Adiabatically-tapered fiber mode multiplexers,‖ Opt. Express22(1), 608–617 (2014).Journal paper identified by paper numberDo not provide the number of pages; the paper number is sufficient.3.L. Rippe, B. Julsgaard, A. Walther, Y. Ying, and S. Kr?ll, ―Experimental quantum-state tomography of a solid-state qubit,‖ Phys. Rev. A 77, 022307 (2008).BookFor citation of a book as a whole or book chapter, authors or editors are listed first, followed by title in italics, and publisher and year in parenthesis. Chapter number may be added if applicable.4.T. Masters, Practical Neural Network Recipes in C++ (Academic, 1993).5. F. Ladouceur and J. D. Love, Silica-Based Buried Channel Waveguides and Devices (Chapman & Hall, 1995),Chap. 8.Article in a bookFor monographs in books, authors are listed first, followed by article’s full title in quotes, the word ―in,‖ followed by the book title in italics, the editors of the book, and the publisher and publication year in parenthesis.6. D. F. Edwards, ―Silicon (Si),‖ in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, E. D. Palik, ed. (Academic, 1985). Paper in published conference proceedings7.R. E. Kalman, ―Algebraic aspects of the generalized inverse of a rectangular matrix,‖ in Proceedings ofAdvanced Seminar on Generalized Inverse and Applications, M. Z. Nashed, ed. (Academic, 1976), pp. 111–124. Paper published in OSA conference proceedings8.R. Craig and B. Gignac, ―High-power 980-nm pump lasers,‖ in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol.2 of 1996 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1996), paper ThG1.Paper in unpublished conference proceedings9. D. Steup and J. W einzierl, ―Resonant THz-meshes,‖ presented at the Fourth International Workshop on THz Electronics, Erlangen-Tennenlohe, Germany, 5–6 Sept. 1996.SPIE proceedingsFor later SPIE proceedings with a paper number, cite just the paper number and not any page information.10.S. K. Griebel, M. Richardson, K. E. Devenport, and H. S. Hinton, ―Experimental performance of an ATM-based buffered hyperplane CMOS-SEED smart pixel array,‖ Proc. SPIE 3005, 254–256 (1997).11.S. Gu, F. Shao, G. Jiang, F. Li, and M. Yu, ―An object ive visibility threshold measurement method forasymmetric stereoscopic images,‖ Proc. SPIE 8205, 820505 (2011).IEEE proceedings12.T. Darrel and K. Wohn, ―Pyramid based depth from focus,‖ in Proceedings of IEEE Conference on ComputerVision and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 1988), pp. 504–509.Paper accepted for publication13. D. Piao, ―Cancelation of coherent artifacts in optical coherence tomography imaging,‖ Appl. Opt. (to be published).14. D. W. Diehl and T. D. Visser, ―Phase singularities of the longitudinal fie ld components in the focal region of ahigh-aperture optical system,‖ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, doc. ID 56789 (posted 11 November 2005, in press).Manuscript in preparation15.J. Q. Smith, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, N.Y.14623, and K. Marshall are preparing a manuscript to be called ―Optical effects in liquid crystals.‖Personal communication 16.T. Miller, Publications Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.,Washington, D.C., 20036 (personal communication, 2010).Electronic citationsInternet links may be included as references. Internet links should list the author, title (substitute file name, if needed), and thefull URL (universal resource locator). Include the date of access, if relevant.17.Extreme Networks white paper, ―Virtual metropolitan area networks,‖ (Extreme Networks, 2001),/doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html /technology/whitepapers/vMAN.asp.18. A. G. Ramm, ―Invisible obstacles,‖ /doc/529558f3fc4ffe473268abee.html /abs/math-ph/0608034.4.10 AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments should be included at the end of the document. The section title should read ―Acknowledgments‖ in 10-pt. bold font. The section title should not follow the numbering scheme of the body of the paper. The body of the section should follow the font and layout of the body of the paper (see Subsection 4.7 above). Please identify all appropriate funding sources by name and contract number in the Acknowledgment section.OSA participates in Cross Ref’s Funding Data, a service that provides a standard way to report funding sources for published scholarly research. To ensure consistency, please be sure to add any funding sources and contract numbers from your Acknowledgments to Prism during submission, and update with any changes to your funding sources and contract numbers in Prism during any revision stages.5. Figures, supplementary materials, and tables5.1 FiguresFigures should be included directly in the document. All photographs must be in digital form and placed appropriately in the electronic document. All illustrations must be numbered consecutively (i.e., not by section) with Arabic numbers. The size of a figure should be commensurate with the amount and value of the information conveyed by the figure.Authors must use one image file per figure. Figures must be inserted as objects that are fixed and move with the text, not as floating objects. Figures should never be placed in a table environment or embedded inside the text.All the figures should be centered. No part of a figure should go beyond the typing area. Place figures as closely as possible to where they are mentioned in the text. Figures should be numbered consecutively in the order of appearance and citation in the text. Be sure to cite every figure.All figure captions should be centered beneath the figure. Longer figure captions should be centered beneath the figure and alignment double (left and right) justified, but are not to exceed the left and right edge of the figure by more than 0.5 in. The abbreviation ―Fig.‖ for figure should appear first followed by the figure number and a period. Captions should be in 8- pt. font. At least one line of space should be left before the figure and after the caption.Fig. 1. Sample figure.5.2 Supplementary materials in OSA express journalsMost OSA journals allow authors to include supplementary materials as integral parts of a manuscript. Such materials are subject to the same editorial standards and peer review procedures along with the rest of the paper and should be uploaded and described using OSA’s Prism manuscript system.Authors can submit appropriate visualizations or small data files (see details below) for OSA to host. Large datasets and code or simulation files can be included but must be placed in an appropriate archival repository and cited as described here. Table 1. Supplementary Materials Supported in OSA Journals aa Optica(see Supplementary Materials in Optica for details). For all other OSA journals, supplemental text must be included as appendices within the primary manuscript.Video visualizations (formerly media files) are the most commonly submitted type of supplementary materials for the express journals. They typically illustrate a synopsis of research results. They are integral and as such should be included only when they convey essential information beyond what can be presented within the article's PDF representation. Video visualizations should be uploaded upon submission and peer-reviewed along with the manuscript. Video files must use open compression standards for display on broadly available applications such as VLC, Apple QuickTime, or Windows Media Player. MOV, AVI, MPG, and MP4 video containers are accepted. The following video guidelines will help with the submission process:15 MB is the recommended maximum video file size.720 x 480 pixels (width by height) is the recommended screen size.If appropriate, insert a representative frame from the video in the manuscript as a figure.Minimize file size by using an acceptable codec such as QuickTime, x264, or XviD.HandBrake is an open source tool for converting video to common codecs.Videos must be playable on all platforms using QuickTime or VLC.Animations must be formatted into a standard video container.Visualizations must be associated with a figure, table, or equation OR be referenced in the results section of the manuscript. Use the label "Visualization" and the item number toidentify the visualization.Fig. 5. Three traps create three rings of magnetic nanoparticles. The rings interact with oneanother (see Visualization 3). [From Masajada et al., Opt. Lett. 38, 3910 (2013).]Please refer to the Author Guidelines for Supplementary Materials for more detailed instructions and other acceptable supplementary material types.5.3 TablesTables should be centered and numbered consecutively. Authors must use Word’s Table editor to insert tables. Authors must not import tables from Excel. All content for each table should be in a single Word table (do not split content for a single table across multiple Word tables). Tables should use horizontal lines to delimit the top and bottom of the table and column headings. Detailed explanations or table footnotes should be typed directly beneath the table, but not in a table cell. Table footnote labels should be text; numbers or special characters are not permitted. Position tables as closely as possible to where they are mentioned in the main text.Table 2. Optical Constants of Thin Films of Materials a83.4 nm 121.6 nmMaterial n K n kIr 1.182 0.865 1.450 1.040MgF2 1.584 0.487 1.682 0.0627Al 0.09874 0.1915 0.0424 1.137Mo 0.98 1.08 0.78 1.03C 1.16 1.29 1.85 1.10a From Appl. Opt. 40, 1128 (2001).6. Article thumbnail uploadAuthors have the option to upload a thumbnail image that will appear next to the published article on the Forthcoming, Current Issue, and Abstract pages. Please note that if authors do not choose a file, OSA Production Staff will choose an image from the submission. For precise representation of an article, we recommend that authors choose and upload the thumbnail image.Authors must submit a .JPG file. The image will be resized automatically to 100 x 100 pixels. For best results, authors should upload an image this size or an image with square dimensions.The 100 x 100 pixel image will be displayed on the article abstract page and a 50 x 50 pixel image will be displayed on the Table of Contents page.Fig. 3. Preview of thumbnail image display on the author submission page.7. SummaryConforming to the specifications listed above is of critical importance to the speedy publication of a manuscript. Authors should use the following style guide checklist before submitting an article.Table 3. OSA Express Journals style guide checklistAuthor Name 10 CenterEmail addressCopyright 9 0.5 in.First paragraph Subsequent paragraphs None0.2 in.subsection is not indented. Thefirst line of subsequentparagraphs is indented 0.2 in.Headings below each heading. Sectionheaders: BoldSubsection headers: Italic Equations 10 None Center Eq. Number: right tab to end oflast line of Eq., in parentheses. References and Links 8 0.2 in. Left Bold ―References and links‖.Delimit with horizontal rules.Figures Centerleft/right.Table Heads 8 None Center Long heads follow table margins.7. ConclusionAfter proofreading, the final step in submitting a manuscript to the express journals is to visit Prism, and submit your manuscript. For further instructions, please see the Optics Express, Biomedical Optics Express, or Optical Materials Express Author Information page.。

optics letters字数 -回复

optics letters字数-回复Optics Letters 是一本以光学为主题的科学杂志，它在光学领域的研究中发挥着重要的作用。

光学是一门涉及光传播、光生成、光检测以及光的相互作用的科学。

在这篇文章中，我们将回答一些关于Optics Letters 的常见问题，并探讨这本期刊的重要性和影响力。

第一步: 什么是Optics Letters?Optics Letters 是一个经过同行评审的科学杂志，它专注于光学领域的研究。

在光学领域的研究中，Optics Letters 是一本很受欢迎的期刊，每年都会有成千上万的论文在这里发表。

这个期刊主要关注最新的研究成果，并在光学领域推动科学进步。

第二步: Optics Letters 的出版周期是多久?Optics Letters 是每月出版一期的学术期刊。

每一期都包含了一系列来自世界各地的顶尖研究人员的研究成果。

随着科技的不断发展，Optics Letters 也随之更新迭代，以适应光学领域的最新发展。

第三步: Optics Letters的论文类型包括哪些?Optics Letters 接收多种类型的论文，包括原创研究、快报、通讯、技术和应用。

原创研究是最常见的类型，它要求作者提供关于一个新的研究成果的详细信息。

快报则是一种短文，主要用于传达关于研究领域的新发现或新观点。

通讯则是对已发表的文章进行评论和回应。

技术类型的论文描述了新的实验技术或方法的开发。

应用类型的论文则探讨光学在现实应用中的具体应用。

第四步: Optics Letters 的同行评审过程是怎样的?Optics Letters 的同行评审过程非常严格和严谨。

在提交论文之后，编辑团队会进行初步评估，以决定是否将论文送去同行评审。

如果论文通过初步评估，编辑团队将会邀请权威领域专家担任评审人，对论文进行评价和意见建议。

评审人将评估论文的科学性、方法学的可靠性和结论的可靠性。

根据评审人的意见，编辑团队会做出最终的决策，包括接受、拒绝或要求修订。

chinese optics letters文章格式 -回复

chinese optics letters文章格式-回复[Chinese Optics Letters] Cheng, J., & Liu, H. (2017). Analysis ofFour-Photon Mixing in a Fiber Optic System. Chinese Optics Letters, 15(10), 21437.文章主题：光纤系统中四光子混频的分析引言：光纤通信技术已经成为现代通信领域的一个重要组成部分。

在光纤系统中，光信号的传输受到了各种非线性效应的影响，其中之一就是四光子混频效应。

本文通过对四光子混频效应的深入分析，旨在揭示其对光纤通信系统的影响，以及可能的解决方案和应用前景。

第一部分：四光子混频效应的理论基础四光子混频效应是一种非线性光学过程，它通过将三个输入光子相互作用来产生一个新的频率为输入光子频率之和的光子。

这种效应在光纤系统中的出现主要受到光纤的非线性光学特性，如光纤材料和光纤长度的影响。

理解四光子混频的机制和基本原理对于光纤通信系统的设计和优化具有重要意义。

第二部分：四光子混频对光纤通信系统的影响在光纤通信系统中，四光子混频效应会引起许多问题。

首先，它会引起信号的失真，导致误码率的增加。

另外，四光子混频还可能引起信号的频率转换和相位失真，进一步影响信号的传输质量。

由于这些不利影响，减小或消除四光子混频效应对于提高光纤通信系统的性能至关重要。

第三部分：减小四光子混频效应的解决方案为了减小四光子混频效应，在光纤通信系统的设计和工程实践中采取了一系列解决方案。

一种常见的方法是通过使用具有较低非线性系数的光纤材料来减小四光子混频效应。

此外，引入非线性补偿技术也是一种有效的解决方案。

通过在特定位置插入非线性光纤元件或使用光纤光栅可以实现非线性补偿，从而减少四光子混频效应的影响。

第四部分：四光子混频效应的应用前景尽管四光子混频效应在光纤通信系统中可能带来一些不利影响，但它也具有一些潜在的应用前景。

SPIE杂志社投稿模板——journal_Word_template

Sample manuscript showing style and formatting specifications for SPIE journal papersFirst Author,a Second Author,a Third Author,b Fourth Author a,b,*a University Name, Faculty Group, Department, Street Address, City, Country, Postal Codeb Company Name, Street Address, City, Country, Postal CodeAbstract. This document shows the required format and appearance of a manuscript prepared for SPIE e-journals. The abstract should consist of a single paragraph containing no more than 200 words. It should be a summary of the paper and not an introduction. Because the abstract may be used in abstracting and indexing databases, it should be self-contained (i.e., no numerical references) and substantive in nature, presenting concisely the objectives, methodology used, results obtained, and their significance. A list of up to six keywords should immediately follow, with the keywords separated by commas and ending with a period.Keywords: optics, photonics, light, lasers, templates, journals.*Fourth Author, E-mail: **********************1 IntroductionThis document shows the suggested format and appearance of a manuscript prepared for SPIE journals. Accepted papers will be professionally typeset. This template is intended to be a tool to improve manuscript clarity for the reviewers. The final layout of the typeset paper will not match this template layout.1.1 Use of This TemplateAuthors may use this Microsoft (MS) Word template by employing the relevant styles from the Styles and Formatting list (which is accessed from the Styles group in the Home ribbon, Fig. 1):Fig. 1 MS Word 2010 Home ribbon. Red arrow indicates where to access Styles window.To view which style is being used in any part of this document, place the cursor on the line and look in the style list (Fig. 2):Fig. 2 Styles window.If you are using Word 2003 you can select Format on the menu bar and Reveal Formatting to view the style palette.1.2 EnglishAuthors are strongly encouraged to follow the principles of sound technical writing. Manuscripts that do not meet acceptable English standards or lack clarity may be rejected. Authors whose native language is not English may wish to collaborate with a colleague whose English skills are more advanced. Alternatively, you may wish to have your manuscript professionally edited prior tosubmission by Editage, our recommended independent editorial service: /EnglishEditing. SPIE authors will receive a 10% discount off their services.1.3 Page Setup and FontsTop, bottom, left, and right margins should be 1 inch. Use Times New Roman font throughout the manuscript, in the sizes and styles shown in Table 1.Table 1 Recommended fonts and sizes.Style name Brief descriptionArticle Title 16 pt, boldAuthor Names 12 pt, boldAuthor Affiliations 10 ptAbstract 10 ptKeywords 10 ptHeading 1 12 Pt, boldHeading 2 12 pt, italicHeading 3 11 pt, italicBody Text 12 ptFigure caption 10 ptTable caption 10 pt2 Parts of a ManuscriptThis section describes the normal structure of a manuscript and how each part should be handled.2.1 Title and Author NamesThe article title appears left justified at the top of the first page. The title font is 16 pt, bold. The rules for capitalizing the title are the same as for sentences; only the first word, proper nouns, and acronyms should be capitalized. Do not begin titles with articles (e.g., a, an, the) or prepositions (e.g., on, by, etc.). The word “novel” should not appear in the title, as publication will imply novelty. Avoid the use of acronyms in the title, unless they are widely understood. Appendix A contains more about acronyms.The list of authors immediately follows the title. The font is 12 pt bold and the author names are left justified. The author affiliations and addresses follow the names, in 10 pt normal font and left justified. For multiple affiliations, each affiliation should appear on a separate line. Superscript letters (a, b, c, etc.) should be used to associate multiple authors with their respective affiliations. The corresponding author should be identified with an asterisk, and that person's email address should be provided below the keywords.2.2 AbstractThe abstract should be a summary of the paper and not an introduction. Because the abstract may be used in abstracting journals, it should be self-contained (i.e., no numerical references) and substantive in nature, presenting concisely the objectives, methodology used, results obtained, and their significance. It should be 200 words, maximum. For further guidelines, please read the brief article titled "How to Write an Abstract (PDF)," by Philip Koopman. (Courtesy of Philip Koopman, Carnegie Mellon University.)2.3 Subject Terms/KeywordsKeywords are required. Please provide 3-6 keywords related to your paper.2.4 Body of PaperThe body of the paper consists of numbered sections that present the main findings. These sections should be organized to best present the material.It is often important to refer back (or forward) to specific sections. Such references are made by indicating the section number, for example, “In Sec. 2 we showed…” or “Section 2.1 contained a description….” If the word Section, Reference, Equation, or Figure starts a sentence, it is spelledout. When occurring in the middle of a sentence, these words are abbreviated Sec., Ref., Eq., and Fig.At the first occurrence of an acronym, spell it out followed by the acronym in parentheses, e.g., charge-coupled diode (CCD).2.5 FootnotesUse textual footnotes only when necessary to present important documentary or explanatory material whose inclusion in the text would be distracting.*2.6 AppendicesSPIE journals do not accept supplementary materials. However, it is acceptable to include an Appendix when necessary, such as derivations of equations, proofs of theorems, and details of algorithms. Equations and figures appearing in Appendices should continue sequential numbering from earlier in the paper.2.7 DisclosuresConflicts of interest should be declared under a separate header, above Acknowledgments. If the authors have no competing interests to declare, then a statement should be included declaring no conflicts of interest. For assistance generating a disclosure statement, see the form available from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors website: /conflicts-of-interest/* Due to problems with HTML display, use of footnotes should be avoided. If absolutely necessary, the footnote mark must come at the end of a sentence. To insert a footnote, use the Insert menu, select Reference, then Footnote, change the number format to the style of asterisk, dagger, double-dagger, etc., and click OK.2.8 AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments and funding information should be added after the conclusion, and before references. Include grant numbers and the full name of the funding body. The acknowledgments section does not have a section number.2.8 ReferencesThe References section lists books, articles, and reports that are cited in the paper. The references are numbered in the order they are cited. Examples of reference styles are given at the end of this template.For books1,2 the listing includes the list of authors (initials plus last name), book title (in italics), page or chapter numbers, publisher, city, and year of publication. Journal article references3,4 include the author list, title of the article (in quotes), journal name (in italics, properly abbreviated), volume number (in bold), inclusive page numbers or citation identifier, and year. A reference to a proceedings paper or a chapter in an edited book5,6 includes the author list, title of the article (in quotes), conference name (in italics), editors (if appropriate), volume title (in italics), volume number if applicable (in bold), inclusive page numbers, publisher, city, and year.The references are numbered in the order of their first citation. Citations to the references are made using superscripts, as demonstrated in the preceding paragraph. One may also directly refer to a reference within the text, for example, “as shown in Ref. 5 ...” Two or more references should be separated by a comma with no space between them. Multiple sequential references should be displayed with a dash between the first and last numbers.1–52.8.1 Reference linking and DOIsA Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital object, such as a journal article or a book chapter, that provides a persistent link to its location on the internet. The use of DOIs allows readers to easily access cited articles. Authors should include the DOI at the end of each reference in brackets, if a DOI is available. See examples at the end of this manuscript. A free DOI lookup service is available from CrossRef at /freeTextQuery/. The inclusion of DOIs will facilitate reference linking and is highly recommended.2.9 Author Biographies and PhotographsAuthor biographies are requested but not required. Biographies are not to exceed 75 words. Biographies should be placed at the end of the manuscript. Personal information such as hobbies or birthplace/birthdate should not be included.3 Section Formatting (Heading 1)Type each section heading on a separate line using the appropriate style from the style list. Sections should be numbered sequentially.Paragraphs that immediately follow a section heading are leading paragraphs and should not be indented, according to standard publishing style. The same goes for leading paragraphs of subsections and sub-subsections. In this MS Word template, use the Body Text style for leading paragraphs and the Body Text Indented style for all subsequent paragraphs.3.1 Subsection Headings (Heading 2)Subsection headings should be numbered 1.1, 1.2, etc.3.1.1 Sub-subsection headings (Heading 3)Sub-subsection headings should be numbered 1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc. Only the first word is capitalized. 4 Figures and Tables4.1 FiguresFigures are numbered in the order in which they are called out in the text. It is acceptable to embed figures in the manuscript, but all figures must also be submitted as individual files in .tif, .eps, .png, PostScript, or PDF format. We cannot accept application files, i.e., Corel Draw, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, etc. All figure parts must be labeled (a), (b), etc. Each figure file should contain all parts of the figure. For example, Fig. 3 contains two parts (a) and (b); therefore, all of the labeled parts should be combined in a single file for Fig. 3. Further details about figure formatting can be found at /x85020.xml#Artwork .A figure caption list should be provided after the references.Fig. 3Example of a figure caption: (a) sun and (b) blob.(a) (b)4.2 TablesTables are numbered in the order in which they referred to. They should appear in the document in numerical order and as close as possible to their first reference in the text. Table captions are handled identically to those for figures, except that they appear above the table, and when called out in t he text, the word “Table” is always spelled out. See Table 1 for an example.4.3 MultimediaPlease refer to the multimedia guidelines at /x85020.xml#Multimedia for specific submission guidelines and requirements. The following types of multimedia files are accepted: QuickTime Non-Streaming video (.qt or .mov), MPEG (.mpg or .mp4). The recommended maximum size for each multimedia file is 10-12 MB. Authors must insert a representative “still” image from the video file in the manuscript as a “figure.” This still image will be linked by the publisher to the actual video file, as will the caption label. Video files should be named Video 1, Video 2, etc. Otherwise multimedia files are treated in the same manner as figures. The multimedia file type should be included in parentheses at the end of the figure caption, along with the file size. See Video 1 for an example.Video 1 Example of a multimedia still image (MPEG, 2.5 MB).Appendix A: Miscellaneous Formatting DetailsA.1 Formatting EquationsEquations may appear inline with the text, if they are simple, short, and not of major importance; e.g., a = b/c. Important equations appear on their own line. For example, “The expression for the field of view is()c b a 312+=, (1) where a is the …” Principal equations are numbered, with the equation number placed within parentheses and right justified. Authors are strongly encouraged to use MS Word Equation Editor or MathType to create both in-text and display equations. Equations are considered to be part of a sentence and should be punctuated accordingly.A.2 Formatting TheoremsTo include theorems in a formal way, the theorem identification should appear in a 10-pt, bold font, left justified and followed by a period. Formal statements of lemmas and algorithms receive a similar treatment. The text of the theorem continues on the same line in normal, 10-pt font. For example,Theorem 1. For any unbiased estimator…DisclosuresConflicts of interest should be declared under a separate header. If the authors have no relevant financial interests in the manuscript and no other potential conflicts of interest to disclose, a statement to this effect should also be included in the manuscript.AcknowledgmentsThis unnumbered section is used to identify people who have aided the authors in accomplishing the work presented and to acknowledge sources of funding.References1.G. J. Alred, C. T. Brusaw, and W. E. Oliu, Handbook of Technical Writing, 7th ed., St. Martin’s, NewYork (2003).2.L. C. Perelman, J. Paradis, and E. Barrett, Mayfield Handbook of Technical and Scientific Writing,Mayfield, Mountain View, California (1997).3. A. Harris et al., “Free-space optical wavelength diversity scheme for fog mitigration in a ground-to-unmanned-aerial-vehicle communications link,” Opt. Eng.45(8), 086001 (2006)[doi:10.1117/1.2338565].4.N. Metropolis et al., “Equations of state calculations by fast computing machine,” J. Chem. Phys.21(6), 1087-1091 (1953).5.S. F. Gull, “Developments in maximum-entropy data analysis,” in Maximum Entropy and BayesianMethods, J. Skilling, Ed., pp. 53-71, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, Netherlands (1989).6.K. M. Hanson, “Introduction to Bayesian image analysis,” in Image Processing, M. H. Loew, Ed.,Proc. SPIE1898, 716-731 (1993) [doi:10.1117/12.154577].First Author is an assistant professor at the University of Optical Engineering. He received his BS and MS degrees in physics from the University of Optics in 1985 and 1987, respectively, and his PhD degree in optics from the Institute of Technology in 1991. He is the author of more than 50 journal papers and has written three book chapters. His current research interests include optical interconnects, holography, and optoelectronic systems. He is a member of SPIE.Biographies and photographs for the other authors are not available.Caption ListFig. 1 MS Word 2010 Home ribbon. Red arrow indicates where to access Styles window. Fig. 2 Styles window.Fig. 3 Example of a figure caption: (a) sun and (b) blob.Video 1 Example of a multimedia still image (MPEG, 2.5 MB).Table 1 Recommended font sizes and styles.。

optics letters的修改后重投的回复信-概述说明以及解释

optics letters的修改后重投的回复信-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分内容：引言是一篇研究论文的开端，它介绍了研究的背景、重要性和研究目的，同时展示作者对该领域的了解。

本文回复信是对"Optics Letters"期刊修改后重新投稿的回复，旨在回应编辑和审稿人提出的问题和建议，并说明我们对于修改后的论文的改进。

通过这篇回复信，我们希望能够说明我们对于论文修改的认真态度，并解释我们在修改后如何充分回答审稿人和编辑对于论文的关切点。

此次研究所投稿的论文旨在探究光学领域的某一特定问题，该问题具有重要的理论和实际意义。

在上一次投稿后，我们认真阅读了审稿人和编辑们提供的评审意见，并根据这些建议对我们的论文进行了全面修改和完善。

在本次修改后的提交中，我们特别关注了以下几个方面的改进：（在2.1, 2.2, 2.3节展开讨论修改的具体内容）通过这次修订，我们的目标是进一步提高本研究的科学价值和实用性，并充分回应审稿人和编辑们的关切。

我们希望这篇修改后的论文能够获得再次发表的机会，因为它不仅对光学领域的相关研究有所贡献，也能够为其他研究者提供有价值的参考和启发。

在结论部分，我们将对本研究的主要内容进行总结，并展望未来可能的研究方向。

总之，本文回复信将重点介绍我们对于审稿意见的积极回应以及对论文进行的全面修改。

希望我们的努力能够得到编辑和审稿人的认可，使得这篇论文能够在"Optics Letters"期刊中再次发表。

1.2 文章结构文章结构部分(2. 文章结构):本文的结构主要分为三个部分：引言、正文和结论。

每个部分将分别阐述不同的内容和目的。

引言部分将首先概述本文的主要内容和目的。

在引言中，我们将简要介绍文章所涉及的主题，并对相关领域的研究和进展进行概述。

同时，引言还将说明本文的目的，旨在解决什么问题或找出什么新的发现。

正文部分将详细讨论本文的要点。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Template for preparing an article for submissionto the journal Optics Letters:template designed to assist with length estimate Author One,1 Author Two,1 Author Three,1 Author Four,1 Author Five,2 Author Six,2 Author Seven,1Author Eight,3 and Author Nine3,*1Publications Department, OSA—The Optical Society, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 200362College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China3Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany*Corresponding author: ***********************Received Month X, XXXX; revised Month X, XXXX; accepted Month X, XXXX;posted Month X, XXXX (Doc. ID XXXXX); published Month X, XXXXOptics Letters(OL) is a journal from OSA—The Optical Society that imposes a three-page limitation on article length.Articles prepared for submission to OL should be prepared with this template to help with length estimate. Note that the template provides an approximation only and that article length will ultimately be affected by sizing and placement of figures, tables, and equations as well as the composition software used to prepare file articles. Authors should also consult the OSA Author Style Guide for general information about manuscript preparation. © 2010 Optical Society of AmericaOCIS Codes: 000.0000, 999.9999To use this template, you will need to (1) apply the embedded Optics Letters (OL) styles to each paragraph-level item in your manuscript or (2) use the specifications shown in Table 1 to format your manuscript, with this template as a visual guide.Using the Word styles. In this template, styles such as “01 Title” for OL appear in the MS Word Styles ribbon (or toolbar for older versions of Word). Apply the appropriate style before typing or apply it to existing text. It is possible to paste manuscript text into this template or attach this template to an existing manuscript.One- and two-column text.To create two-column text for the manuscript body, use the option Page Layout, Columns, Two. Set the spacing to 0.25" between the two columns. Within the body, apply one-column formatting to any figures, tables, or equations that must span columns. Front matter.The title should be formatted in an hourglass style; the first line longer than the second, the second line shorter than the third. Use numerical superscript callouts as shown in this template to link authors with their affiliations. Corresponding author should be denoted with an asterisk as shown. To help with length assessment, include two lines of text above the abstract as a placeholder for manuscript history information.Paragraphs. Body paragraphs should be indented (only the opening paragraph is flush left) and have no extra space in between. All paragraph text within the body should be set in two columns.Equations.Display equations should be broken and aligned for two-column display unless spanning across two columns is essential. Equations should be centered with equation numbers set flush right. If using MathType, use the Format Equations feature to format all equations as Times + Symbol 10.x(1) Tables. Styles for table title, table head, and table text are provided. Tables should be set in one column wherever possible and be placed near their first mention in the body. Tables and figures do not need to be placed on separate pages at the back of the manuscript.Figures. As with tables and equations, figures should be set in one column possible unless two-column display is essential. Figure captions should have approximately 6 points above and below. Before the figures are dropped into the template, the main text and references in the the template should be set to one column (Page Layout, Columns, One) and should be accurately sized (a maximum of 3.5 inches wide for one column, 7 inches for two), and the caption should be added by right-clicking on the image and choosing Insert Caption. Then the figure and its caption can be selected and dropped into the template at the end of the paper (following the references but before the “Information Page” that contains the full references).References. Set references at the back of the manuscript. OL uses an abbreviated reference style; full references (to aid the reviewer) must be included as well on a fourth page that will not count against page length. Please note that certain types of references do require full titles among the regular reference list: patents, papers in production, dissertations/theses, and papers presented at conferences (but not published). The Citation style uses automatic numbering. To turn off automatic numbering (e.g., if you have numbered reference items manually), simply click the numbering icon in Word’s paragraph toolbar.Fourth page.Include a fourth page with full citation listings. This page will not count against manuscript length.Table 1. Specifications for the Optics Letters Template ItemPaper Size U.S. Letter, Portrait orientationMargins Top 0.75, Bottom 0.75, Left 0.69, Right 0.69Typography Font Name Font Size (pts.) Indentation(inches) Alignment NotesTitle Times New Roman 19 0.63 Center Bold Authors Times New Roman 10 0.37 Center Bold Affiliations Times New Roman 9 0.37 Center Italic Corresponding E-mail Times New Roman 9 0.37 Center Italic History Times New Roman 8.5 1.6 Center Two lines Abstract Times New Roman 8.5 0.68 JustifiedOCIS Times New Roman 8.5 0.75 LeftParagraph Century10 JustifiedTwo columns;Indent 0.13Table Century 9 Table title boldFigure Caption Century96 pt above andbelowEquation Century10 CenterEquation numberflush rightReferences Century 9 Justified Bold headingFig. 1. (Color online) Forward single pass experimental set-up forevaluating EDFA performance。