神经解剖学英文课件-脑干英文课件
Brain Stem
• External structure: superficial markers • Internal structure: grey matter, white matter, reticular formation • Important section levels
External structures
Ventral view of midbrain
• Massive crural cerebri • interpeduncular fossa • oculomotor nerve
emerging between the crura cerebri. • Floor of the fossa is called posterior perforated substance due to the many blood vessels perforate the midbrain.
Dorsal surfaces of the pons and medulla
• facial colliculus lies in the medial eminence just superior to stria medullaris.
• abducens nucleus lie beneath the facial colliculus. • hypoglossal triangle lie within the medial eminence just inferior to stria
• cuneate tubercle The nuclei cuneatus lie beneath it. It is relay nuclei of the fasciculis cuneatus
dorsa surface of mid brain
• superior and inferior colliculi/Quadrigemina corpora • tectum of the midbrain • Cranial nerve Ⅳ
• The ventral surface of pons is closely associated with four cranial nerves Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ.
• The trigeminal nerve Ⅴ, is located between the pons and middle cerebelum peduncle. It consists of a large sensory root and small motor root.
• There is sulcus in the ventral surface of pons which is called basilar sulcus in which the basilar artery lies.
The ventral surface of pons
The ventral surface of the pons
• The Ⅵ( abducens N ),Ⅶ (facial N),Ⅷ ( vestibolocochlear N) exit the sulcus between the pons and medulla from the medial to lateral.
• The Ⅶ (facial N) consists of a large motor root & a small sensory root is called intermediate N.
Dorsal surfaces of the pons and medulla
stria medullaris sulcus limitans medial eminence vestibular area: vestibular
nuclei lie beneath the vestibular area.
➢Ventral view ➢Dorsal view
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Ventral aspect of medulla
• Hypoglossal nerve • Postolivary sulcus • Glossopharyngeal
nerve • Vagus nerve • Accessory nerve
•Anterior median fissure •Pyramid •Decussation of pyramid •Olive •Preolivary sulcus
The ventral surface of pons
• It is convex and is continuous laterally with the cerebellum by large paired middle cerebellum peduncle
Dorsal surfaces of the pons and medulla
rhomboid-shaped fossa
✓ Boundary ✓ Lateral recess/aperture ✓ Median sulcus ✓ Aqueduct
lateral apertures
median aperture
medullaris. • dorsa vagus motor nucleus lie beneath vagus r dorsal triangle.
The dorsal surface of the medulla consists of
• gracilis tubercle The nuclei gracilis lie beneath it. It is relay nuclei of the fasciculis gracilis .
• External structure: superficial markers • Internal structure: grey matter, white matter, reticular formation • Important section levels
External structures
Ventral view of midbrain
• Massive crural cerebri • interpeduncular fossa • oculomotor nerve
emerging between the crura cerebri. • Floor of the fossa is called posterior perforated substance due to the many blood vessels perforate the midbrain.
Dorsal surfaces of the pons and medulla
• facial colliculus lies in the medial eminence just superior to stria medullaris.
• abducens nucleus lie beneath the facial colliculus. • hypoglossal triangle lie within the medial eminence just inferior to stria
• cuneate tubercle The nuclei cuneatus lie beneath it. It is relay nuclei of the fasciculis cuneatus
dorsa surface of mid brain
• superior and inferior colliculi/Quadrigemina corpora • tectum of the midbrain • Cranial nerve Ⅳ
• The ventral surface of pons is closely associated with four cranial nerves Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ.
• The trigeminal nerve Ⅴ, is located between the pons and middle cerebelum peduncle. It consists of a large sensory root and small motor root.
• There is sulcus in the ventral surface of pons which is called basilar sulcus in which the basilar artery lies.
The ventral surface of pons
The ventral surface of the pons
• The Ⅵ( abducens N ),Ⅶ (facial N),Ⅷ ( vestibolocochlear N) exit the sulcus between the pons and medulla from the medial to lateral.
• The Ⅶ (facial N) consists of a large motor root & a small sensory root is called intermediate N.
Dorsal surfaces of the pons and medulla
stria medullaris sulcus limitans medial eminence vestibular area: vestibular
nuclei lie beneath the vestibular area.
➢Ventral view ➢Dorsal view
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Ventral aspect of medulla
• Hypoglossal nerve • Postolivary sulcus • Glossopharyngeal
nerve • Vagus nerve • Accessory nerve
•Anterior median fissure •Pyramid •Decussation of pyramid •Olive •Preolivary sulcus
The ventral surface of pons
• It is convex and is continuous laterally with the cerebellum by large paired middle cerebellum peduncle
Dorsal surfaces of the pons and medulla
rhomboid-shaped fossa
✓ Boundary ✓ Lateral recess/aperture ✓ Median sulcus ✓ Aqueduct
lateral apertures
median aperture
medullaris. • dorsa vagus motor nucleus lie beneath vagus r dorsal triangle.
The dorsal surface of the medulla consists of
• gracilis tubercle The nuclei gracilis lie beneath it. It is relay nuclei of the fasciculis gracilis .
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系统解剖 英文版 神经系统 脑干Brain stem
Pons ➢ Attached to 5th to 8th cranial n. ➢ Divided into the basilar part and tegmentum
Midbrain ➢ Attached to the 3rd and 4th cranial n. ➢ Divided into the cerebral peduncle and tectum
Brachium of inferior colliculus 下丘臂
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle
Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝
Oculomotor nerve emerges on the medial side of crus cerebri Posterior perforated substance 后穿质
★ Dorsal Surface of Midbrain
Superior colliculus 上丘 Constitute the centers for visual reflexes
Inferior colliculus 下丘 Associated with auditory pathway
Brachium of superior colliculus 上丘臂
➢ Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚
➢ Obex 闩
Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa 菱形窝
Midbrain ➢ Attached to the 3rd and 4th cranial n. ➢ Divided into the cerebral peduncle and tectum
Brachium of inferior colliculus 下丘臂
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle
Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝
Oculomotor nerve emerges on the medial side of crus cerebri Posterior perforated substance 后穿质
★ Dorsal Surface of Midbrain
Superior colliculus 上丘 Constitute the centers for visual reflexes
Inferior colliculus 下丘 Associated with auditory pathway
Brachium of superior colliculus 上丘臂
➢ Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚
➢ Obex 闩
Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa 菱形窝
脑干课件.
髓
橄榄(olive),下橄榄核
橄榄后沟,舌咽神经、迷走神经、副神经的根丝
上部,菱形窝下半
背面
下部
薄束结节(gracile tubercle) 楔束结节(cuneate tubercle) 小脑下脚(inferior cerebellar peduncle)
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•
整体形态
脑桥基底部,上下缘 菱形窝上半 脑桥小脑角(cerebellopontine angle)
界沟 )
前庭区 前庭神经核
外侧部
听结节 蜗背侧核
上端,蓝斑(locus ceruleus) 蓝斑核,为含色素的NA能神经元
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•
上:间脑视束
整体形态 大脑脚底、四叠体、中脑水管
下:脑桥
中
大脑脚底,锥体束 腹侧面
脑
脚间窝(interpeducular fossa) ,后穿质、动神经
上丘,视觉反射中枢 上丘臂 外侧膝状体
后→ 1个正中孔median aperture ,Magendie孔
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脊髓的内部结构
前角(柱)
中间带,侧角(柱)T~L3
• 灰质 H形
后角(柱)
中央灰质
灰质前连合 灰质后连合
• 中央管central canal 终池
前索anterior funiculus
侧索
• 白质 后索
白质前连合
• 网状结构
低 级 中 结构 枢
功能
脊髓
分化少、节段性、连外周
脑干
简单、连续成柱
成核团、延续似成柱
不同断面结构相同
不同断面不同形态
传导功能、反射功能
皮 质
结构
红核、黑质、蓝斑、臂旁核、脑桥核、上橄榄核、下橄榄核、网 状结构等。
Duus神经解剖学-脑干
图 1 嗅神经。A,感兴趣区选在冠状位嗅神经束;B,高分辨率示踪嗅神经;C,对应的解剖示意图
嗅觉系统(I 颅神经)(Olfactory System)
嗅觉系统与其他脑区的联络:诱发食欲的气味可引起反射性唾液分泌,臭味则可导致恶心、呕吐,这些反应都伴有情感变化,有愉快和不愉快的嗅觉。情感刺激可能是由于嗅传导束与下丘脑和丘脑以及边缘系统有联络而产生,中隔区还通过联合纤维与扣带回联络。与自主神经区联络的主要神经纤维为内侧前脑束及丘脑髓纹(图6.9)。内侧前脑束从侧面经过丘脑并在此发出分支至下丘脑的神经核团,一部分纤维继续行至脑干网状结构内的植物神经中枢内泌涎核及迷走神经背核。丘脑髓纹终止于缰核,该传导束继续走行进过脚间核和网状结构(图6.9)。嗅觉障碍:临床上分为数量上的嗅觉障碍和性质上的嗅觉障碍。数量上的嗅觉障碍有嗅觉减退和嗅觉缺失,其原因必定是嗅丝范围内的周围性嗅神经损害(eg:鼻炎,外伤导致筛板内嗅丝断裂,药物副作用)或者二级神经元损害(嗅束,eg额底脑膜瘤)。 性质上的嗅觉障碍也成为嗅觉倒错,表现为难受的恶臭味或嗅觉过敏,大多为中枢性病变(eg 颞叶癫痫)。
嗅传导束:嗅传导束的一级神经元为双极嗅细胞,二级神经元为嗅球内的僧帽细胞和簇状细胞。这些细胞的轴突在大脑额叶基底部下侧构成嗅束(二级神经元)行走于两侧直回外侧嗅沟的表面。嗅束在前穿质前方分为两条嗅索,即外侧嗅纹和内侧嗅纹。部分终止于前穿质前方的嗅三角内。外侧嗅纹纤维经过岛阈到达杏仁核、半月回及环周回(前梨状区)。在这里第三级神经元发出纤维至海马旁回前部(28区,嗅觉系统的皮质投射区和联合区)。内侧嗅纹的轴突终止于胼胝体膝下方和前连合前方的中隔区内(胼胝体下区)的神经核团,并在此与对侧大脑半球以及边缘系统发生联络。嗅传导束是唯一不在丘脑内交换神经元而将冲动直接传达到脑皮质的感觉传导束。嗅觉系统的中枢性联络复杂,部分通络尚不明确。
嗅觉系统(I 颅神经)(Olfactory System)
嗅觉系统与其他脑区的联络:诱发食欲的气味可引起反射性唾液分泌,臭味则可导致恶心、呕吐,这些反应都伴有情感变化,有愉快和不愉快的嗅觉。情感刺激可能是由于嗅传导束与下丘脑和丘脑以及边缘系统有联络而产生,中隔区还通过联合纤维与扣带回联络。与自主神经区联络的主要神经纤维为内侧前脑束及丘脑髓纹(图6.9)。内侧前脑束从侧面经过丘脑并在此发出分支至下丘脑的神经核团,一部分纤维继续行至脑干网状结构内的植物神经中枢内泌涎核及迷走神经背核。丘脑髓纹终止于缰核,该传导束继续走行进过脚间核和网状结构(图6.9)。嗅觉障碍:临床上分为数量上的嗅觉障碍和性质上的嗅觉障碍。数量上的嗅觉障碍有嗅觉减退和嗅觉缺失,其原因必定是嗅丝范围内的周围性嗅神经损害(eg:鼻炎,外伤导致筛板内嗅丝断裂,药物副作用)或者二级神经元损害(嗅束,eg额底脑膜瘤)。 性质上的嗅觉障碍也成为嗅觉倒错,表现为难受的恶臭味或嗅觉过敏,大多为中枢性病变(eg 颞叶癫痫)。
嗅传导束:嗅传导束的一级神经元为双极嗅细胞,二级神经元为嗅球内的僧帽细胞和簇状细胞。这些细胞的轴突在大脑额叶基底部下侧构成嗅束(二级神经元)行走于两侧直回外侧嗅沟的表面。嗅束在前穿质前方分为两条嗅索,即外侧嗅纹和内侧嗅纹。部分终止于前穿质前方的嗅三角内。外侧嗅纹纤维经过岛阈到达杏仁核、半月回及环周回(前梨状区)。在这里第三级神经元发出纤维至海马旁回前部(28区,嗅觉系统的皮质投射区和联合区)。内侧嗅纹的轴突终止于胼胝体膝下方和前连合前方的中隔区内(胼胝体下区)的神经核团,并在此与对侧大脑半球以及边缘系统发生联络。嗅传导束是唯一不在丘脑内交换神经元而将冲动直接传达到脑皮质的感觉传导束。嗅觉系统的中枢性联络复杂,部分通络尚不明确。
最新局部解剖学 脑干-PPT文档
通路的中继性核团。(内侧丘系交叉)
脑干背侧面观
延髓水平切面(平内侧丘系交叉)
下橄榄核 inferior olivary nucleus
位置:位于延髓橄榄深面 功能:可能与小脑对运动的控制,并参与小
脑对运动的学习记忆和对反射的修饰。
脑干腹侧面观
延髓水平切面(经橄榄中部)
红核 Red nucleus
脑干背侧面
延髓水平切面(经锥体交叉)
延髓水平切面(经内侧丘系交叉)
延髓水平切面(经橄榄中部)
延髓水平切面(经橄榄上部)
脑桥水平切面(经面神经丘)
脑桥水平切面(经脑桥中上部)
中脑水平切面(经下丘)
中脑水平切面(经上丘)
躯体运动核 2、对侧舌下神经核、
面神经核(下半部)
名称 起始
终止
脑
内侧丘系 薄束核
丘脑
干
楔束核
的
脊髓丘系 脊髓
丘脑
主
丘脑束 三叉丘系 三叉神经脑桥核 丘脑
要
三叉神经脊束核
纤
外侧丘系 蜗神经核 后丘脑
维
皮质脊髓束 大脑 皮质核束 皮质
束 脊髓前角运动细胞 脑干躯体运动核
脑干四个丘系简表
丘系名称 起始核 脊髓丘系 对侧后角固有
与大脑的纤维联系,构成网状上行激动系统, 使大脑皮质保持适度的意识和清醒。
与脊髓的纤维联系,发挥调节躯体运动的作用。
脑干网状结构内存在着重要的生命中枢(如呼 吸、心跳、血压调节及呕吐中枢等),参与内 脏活动的调节。
参与睡眠的发生,抑制痛觉传递。如中缝核群 中的5-羟色胺能神经元,发出纤维上行抑制大 脑皮质,产生睡眠作用;下行至脊髓后角和胸 段侧角,参与痛觉和心血管运动的调节。
脑干背侧面观
延髓水平切面(平内侧丘系交叉)
下橄榄核 inferior olivary nucleus
位置:位于延髓橄榄深面 功能:可能与小脑对运动的控制,并参与小
脑对运动的学习记忆和对反射的修饰。
脑干腹侧面观
延髓水平切面(经橄榄中部)
红核 Red nucleus
脑干背侧面
延髓水平切面(经锥体交叉)
延髓水平切面(经内侧丘系交叉)
延髓水平切面(经橄榄中部)
延髓水平切面(经橄榄上部)
脑桥水平切面(经面神经丘)
脑桥水平切面(经脑桥中上部)
中脑水平切面(经下丘)
中脑水平切面(经上丘)
躯体运动核 2、对侧舌下神经核、
面神经核(下半部)
名称 起始
终止
脑
内侧丘系 薄束核
丘脑
干
楔束核
的
脊髓丘系 脊髓
丘脑
主
丘脑束 三叉丘系 三叉神经脑桥核 丘脑
要
三叉神经脊束核
纤
外侧丘系 蜗神经核 后丘脑
维
皮质脊髓束 大脑 皮质核束 皮质
束 脊髓前角运动细胞 脑干躯体运动核
脑干四个丘系简表
丘系名称 起始核 脊髓丘系 对侧后角固有
与大脑的纤维联系,构成网状上行激动系统, 使大脑皮质保持适度的意识和清醒。
与脊髓的纤维联系,发挥调节躯体运动的作用。
脑干网状结构内存在着重要的生命中枢(如呼 吸、心跳、血压调节及呕吐中枢等),参与内 脏活动的调节。
参与睡眠的发生,抑制痛觉传递。如中缝核群 中的5-羟色胺能神经元,发出纤维上行抑制大 脑皮质,产生睡眠作用;下行至脊髓后角和胸 段侧角,参与痛觉和心血管运动的调节。
脑干内部结构解剖学教学PPT课件
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3. 一般内脏运动柱:
general visceral motor column(GVM)
位于躯体运动柱的外侧,靠近界沟, 自上而下有4个核团:
涎核(superior salivatory nucleus) 下泌涎核(inferior salivatory nucleus) 迷走神经背核(dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve)。
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●功能相同的脑神经核,在脑干内有规 律地排列成纵行的细胞柱,称脑神经核 机能柱。 ●同一机能柱内的脑神经核多是不连续 的。 ●一般和特殊内脏感觉核实为一个机能 柱,均为孤束核。 ●故每侧脑干实为6个脑神经功能柱。
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●它们在脑干中有一定的排列关系: 感觉柱位于界沟的外侧 运动柱位于界沟的内侧 内脏相关的机能柱靠近界沟 躯体相关的机能柱远离界沟
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5. 一般躯体感觉柱:
general somatic afferent column(GSA)
位于内脏感觉柱的腹外侧。自上 而下为3个核团:
三叉神经中脑核
(mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve)
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(1)三叉神经运动核: 位于脑桥中部,发出纤维行向腹
外侧,构成三叉神经运动根,加入下 颌神经,支配咀嚼肌、二腹肌前腹、 下颌舌骨肌、腭帆张肌、鼓膜张肌。
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(2)面神经核: 位于脑桥下部,上橄榄核背外侧。
面神经核发出的纤维行向背内侧,从内 侧绕展神经核背方,行向腹外侧,经延 髓脑桥沟出脑。支配面肌、颈阔肌、茎 突舌骨肌和镫骨肌和二腹肌后腹。
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(1)动眼神经核:位于中脑上丘阶段, 中脑水管腹侧。 支配下直肌、内直肌、 下斜肌、上直肌。动眼神经核发出的纤 维经大脑脚底内侧出脑,组成动眼神经。
3. 一般内脏运动柱:
general visceral motor column(GVM)
位于躯体运动柱的外侧,靠近界沟, 自上而下有4个核团:
涎核(superior salivatory nucleus) 下泌涎核(inferior salivatory nucleus) 迷走神经背核(dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve)。
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●功能相同的脑神经核,在脑干内有规 律地排列成纵行的细胞柱,称脑神经核 机能柱。 ●同一机能柱内的脑神经核多是不连续 的。 ●一般和特殊内脏感觉核实为一个机能 柱,均为孤束核。 ●故每侧脑干实为6个脑神经功能柱。
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●它们在脑干中有一定的排列关系: 感觉柱位于界沟的外侧 运动柱位于界沟的内侧 内脏相关的机能柱靠近界沟 躯体相关的机能柱远离界沟
25
5. 一般躯体感觉柱:
general somatic afferent column(GSA)
位于内脏感觉柱的腹外侧。自上 而下为3个核团:
三叉神经中脑核
(mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve)
17
(1)三叉神经运动核: 位于脑桥中部,发出纤维行向腹
外侧,构成三叉神经运动根,加入下 颌神经,支配咀嚼肌、二腹肌前腹、 下颌舌骨肌、腭帆张肌、鼓膜张肌。
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(2)面神经核: 位于脑桥下部,上橄榄核背外侧。
面神经核发出的纤维行向背内侧,从内 侧绕展神经核背方,行向腹外侧,经延 髓脑桥沟出脑。支配面肌、颈阔肌、茎 突舌骨肌和镫骨肌和二腹肌后腹。
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(1)动眼神经核:位于中脑上丘阶段, 中脑水管腹侧。 支配下直肌、内直肌、 下斜肌、上直肌。动眼神经核发出的纤 维经大脑脚底内侧出脑,组成动眼神经。
最新系统解剖英文版神经系统脊髓Spinalcord精品课件
第十六页,共61页。
★脊髓(jǐ suǐ)圆锥Conus medullaris-the lower pyramid end of spinal cord
★终丝Filum terminale-a delicate filament, about 20 cm in length, prolonged downward from the apex of the conus medullaris to the back of the first segment of the coccyx, continuous above with that of the pia mater.
to Vertebral Numbers
Spinal segments
Vertebral levels (spines)
C1~C4 C5~T4
Lie opposite the corresponding vertebrae
One lower in number than corresponding vertebrae
Brain stem脑干
第三页,共61页。
Major Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System
脑神经(shénjīng)Cranial nerves (12 pairs) 脊神经(shénjīng)Spinal nerves (31 pairs) 内脏神经(shénjīng)Visceral nerves Visceral sensory nerve Visceral motor nerve Sympathetic part 交感神经(shénjīng) Parasympathetic part 副交感神经
第十一页,共61页。
★脊髓(jǐ suǐ)圆锥Conus medullaris-the lower pyramid end of spinal cord
★终丝Filum terminale-a delicate filament, about 20 cm in length, prolonged downward from the apex of the conus medullaris to the back of the first segment of the coccyx, continuous above with that of the pia mater.
to Vertebral Numbers
Spinal segments
Vertebral levels (spines)
C1~C4 C5~T4
Lie opposite the corresponding vertebrae
One lower in number than corresponding vertebrae
Brain stem脑干
第三页,共61页。
Major Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System
脑神经(shénjīng)Cranial nerves (12 pairs) 脊神经(shénjīng)Spinal nerves (31 pairs) 内脏神经(shénjīng)Visceral nerves Visceral sensory nerve Visceral motor nerve Sympathetic part 交感神经(shénjīng) Parasympathetic part 副交感神经
第十一页,共61页。
人体解剖学:Brain stem脑干
Inferior cerebellar peduncle小脑下脚
Cerebral peduncle
Optic n. Oculomotor n. Trochlear n. Pons Trigeminal n. Vestibulocochear n. Abducent n. Olive Pyramid Spinal root of accessory n. Medulla oblongata
Temporal lobe颞叶 Optic n.视神经
Oculomotor n.动眼神经 Trochlear n.滑车神经 Motor & sensory roots of trigeminal n. 三叉神经运动和感觉根
Abducent n.展神经
Hypoglossal n.舌下神经
Cerebellum小脑
Inferior colliculus
Midbrain Trochlear nerve
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Pons
Medullary stria Hypoglossal trigone
Vagal trigone Obex
Inferior cerebellar peduncle Cuneate tubercle Medulla Gracile tubercle oblongata
Medullary stria髓纹 Vestibular area前庭区 Vagal trigone迷走三角
Gracile tubercle薄束结节
Pineal gland松果体 Trochlear n.滑车神经 Locus ceruleus蓝斑
4th ventricle第四脑室
Facial colliculus面丘 Hypoglossal trigone舌下三角
Cerebral peduncle
Optic n. Oculomotor n. Trochlear n. Pons Trigeminal n. Vestibulocochear n. Abducent n. Olive Pyramid Spinal root of accessory n. Medulla oblongata
Temporal lobe颞叶 Optic n.视神经
Oculomotor n.动眼神经 Trochlear n.滑车神经 Motor & sensory roots of trigeminal n. 三叉神经运动和感觉根
Abducent n.展神经
Hypoglossal n.舌下神经
Cerebellum小脑
Inferior colliculus
Midbrain Trochlear nerve
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Pons
Medullary stria Hypoglossal trigone
Vagal trigone Obex
Inferior cerebellar peduncle Cuneate tubercle Medulla Gracile tubercle oblongata
Medullary stria髓纹 Vestibular area前庭区 Vagal trigone迷走三角
Gracile tubercle薄束结节
Pineal gland松果体 Trochlear n.滑车神经 Locus ceruleus蓝斑
4th ventricle第四脑室
Facial colliculus面丘 Hypoglossal trigone舌下三角
解剖学《脑干》课件
动眼神经核
Nucleus of trochlear n.
滑车神经核
Nucleus of abducent n.
展神经核
Nucleus of hypoglossal motor nuclei 特殊内脏运动核
Motor nucleus of trigeminal n.
小脑上脚
面神经丘 前庭区
舌下神经三角 迷走神经三角
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle
Position
Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla
Features
Median sulcus 正中沟 Sulcus limitans 界沟 Vestibular area前庭区
overlies vestibular nuclei
Acoustic tubercle听结节
overlying dorsal cochlear nucleus
Medial eminence 内侧隆起 Striae medullares 髓纹
Trochlear nerve 滑车神经
Midbrain 中脑
Ventral surface
Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa
脚间窝 oculomotor nerves
emerge from medial of crus cerebri
Posterior perforated substance 后穿质
Nucleus of trochlear n.
滑车神经核
Nucleus of abducent n.
展神经核
Nucleus of hypoglossal motor nuclei 特殊内脏运动核
Motor nucleus of trigeminal n.
小脑上脚
面神经丘 前庭区
舌下神经三角 迷走神经三角
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle
Position
Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla
Features
Median sulcus 正中沟 Sulcus limitans 界沟 Vestibular area前庭区
overlies vestibular nuclei
Acoustic tubercle听结节
overlying dorsal cochlear nucleus
Medial eminence 内侧隆起 Striae medullares 髓纹
Trochlear nerve 滑车神经
Midbrain 中脑
Ventral surface
Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa
脚间窝 oculomotor nerves
emerge from medial of crus cerebri
Posterior perforated substance 后穿质
sx007-脑干 ppt课件
☆ 2.背侧面 Dorsal surface
1)Lower portion: ①薄结节 Gracile tubercle → produced by
underlying gracile nucleus at lower angle of fourth ventricle.
②楔结节 Cuneate tubercle → marks site of cuneate nucleus lateral and adjacent to Gracile tubercle. ③小脑下脚 Inferior
⑨前庭区 Vestibular area →
is a triangular field lateral to sulcus limitans and overlies vestibular nuclei.
⑩听结节 Acoustic tubercle
→ lies lateral angle of vestibular area overlying dorsal cochlear nucleus.
Brain stem is stalk like part of brain, which connects cerebrum, cerebellum with spinal cord.
Optic tract serves as rostral boundary of brain stem, which separates it from diencephalon.
①髓纹 Striae medullares →
divide rhomboid fossa into pontine and medullary parts.
②正中沟 Median sulcus → divide rhomboid fossa into symmetrical halves. ③内侧隆起 Medial eminence → a ridge on each side of median sulcus. ④界沟 Sulcus limitans →
