城市标识用语英译失误及其实例分析
城市公示语翻译失误现象探究
城市公示语翻译失误现象探究随着城市的不断发展和开放，越来越多的外国人来到中国旅游、学习和工作。
在这样的背景之下，城市公示语翻译失误现象不可避免地出现在我们的生活中。
这种现象不仅仅是跨文化交际的困难，更是对城市形象和国际形象的影响。
有必要对这一现象进行深入探究和分析，以提高城市的国际化水平，使外国人更好地了解和融入我们的城市生活。
城市公示语翻译失误现象究竟来自何处？这一现象主要包括两个方面：一是机器翻译的不足，二是文化差异的忽视。
随着科技的不断进步，机器翻译已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
机器翻译仍然存在一定的局限性，尤其是在语境和文化背景方面。
在城市公示语翻译中，机器翻译常常无法准确表达原文的意思，因此出现了翻译失误的情况。
文化差异的忽视也是导致翻译失误的原因之一。
在翻译过程中，很多人往往只注重语言的表面意义，忽视了文化和习惯的差异，导致译文与原文脱离了原本的语境和文化背景。
这样的翻译失误不仅仅会给外国人带来困扰，也会影响城市的形象和国际形象。
我们有必要认真对待城市公示语翻译失误现象，加强对翻译的认识和理解，提高翻译质量。
加强对翻译人员的培训和管理。
在城市公示语翻译中，翻译人员起着至关重要的作用。
我们应该加强对翻译人员的培训和管理，提高他们的翻译水平和专业素养，以确保译文准确无误。
加强对机器翻译技术的研究和应用。
在城市公示语翻译中，机器翻译已经成为不可或缺的一部分。
我们应该加强对机器翻译技术的研究和应用，提高机器翻译的准确率和质量，使其更好地为城市公示语翻译服务。
加强对文化差异的重视和理解。
在城市公示语翻译中，文化差异往往被忽视，导致译文与原文的脱节。
我们应该加强对文化差异的重视和理解，提高翻译人员和机器翻译在语境和文化背景方面的应变能力，以确保译文贴近原文的意思和文化背景。
城市公示语翻译失误现象是一个城市形象和国际形象的问题，需要我们高度重视和认真对待。
在全球化的今天，城市的国际化水平越来越重要，城市公示语翻译质量也需得到提高。
公共标识语汉英翻译中的跨文化语用失误探析
公共标识语汉英翻译中的跨文化语用失误探析摘要：跨文化语用失误在非目的语环境下十分常见。
文章分析公共标识语的语言特点，利用Jenny Thomas 的跨文化语用失误理论，从语用语言失误和社交语用失误两方面对苏州部分公共标识语语用失误实例进行剖析，发现相关翻译及设计人员语用知识的缺失之处，提出规避公共标识语语用失误的翻译策略，以期提高公共标识语的翻译质量，提升苏州的城市形象。
关键词：公共标识语语言特点汉英翻译跨文化语用失误翻译策略随着全球化进程的加快，苏州对外交流与联系日益密切，国际性的文化活动和体育赛事不断增加，来苏州学习、工作、生活的国际友人逐年增多，因此建设良好的国际语言环境显得尤为重要。
在这些跨国、跨文化交流中，英语作为国际通用语言，成为人们沟通时最为便利的工具。
因此，苏州公共场所大量的标识语都增设了英语译文，为国际友人了解苏州文化提供了便利。
然而，由于目前国内学者翻译水平参差不齐，译文参照标准不统一，苏州公共标识语的英文译写普遍存在不规范、不得体等问题。
虽然通过《中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T30240.3-201X》（后文简称为《国标》）和《江苏省地方标准DB32/T1446.8-2009 》(后文简称为《省标》)的修订实行和社会各界的共同努力，部分拼写错误、语法错误、格式错误等问题有所缓解，但中西方文化差异所引发的跨文化语用失误问题仍大量存在，例如逐字硬译、语言粗俗、忽视语境、中式英语等。
1.公共标识语的语言特点公共标识语指的是公开和面对公众，告示、指示、提示、显示、警示、标示与其生活、生产、生命、生态、生业休戚相关的文字及图形信息[1] 。
从语言特点考虑，公共标识语广泛使用名词、动词、动名词、词组、短语、缩略语、现在时态和祈使句，语言简洁措辞精确[2] 。
1.1使用名词。
表示“静态”意义，提示、指示、说明、服务性质的公共标识语大量使用名词，直接精准地显示信息。
例如：洗手间( Toilet/Restroom/Washroom )；更衣室( ChangingRoom/Locker Room); 疏散门(Evacuation Gate); 展厅(Exhibition Hall )等。
城市公示语翻译的错误类型及解决措施
城市公示语翻译的错误类型及解决措施1. IntroductionWith many places famous for its natural sceneries and historical relics, China is predicted to be the most frequently-visited country in the world and the fourth largest suppliers of tourists in next few years. During these years, some tourist resorts have attracted thousands of visitors from all over the world. For the foreigners, the public signs in the tourist attractions are windows to get a better understanding of China. As a global language, English is given the priority to be the corresponding equivalence of the public signs in Chinese. The data and examples are collected from public signs, travel brochures, and websites of the tourist attractions. Among these translations, some public signs are good and standard. However, the general situation is far from satisfactory. Besides some noticeable lexical and grammatical errors, improper and confusing expressions are ubiquitous. This kind of translation not only fails to achieve the information, intentions and functions of the signs, but also affects the whole image of China and thus the Chinese tourism industry.Informative, appropriate and attractive translations of public signs are urgently needed. Translators following the guidance of a scientific translation theory could work more effectively. Translation theory put forward by Peter Newmark can explain these unsatisfactory translation phenomena and his communicative translation strategy is helpful to improve the current situation in C-E translation of public signs in tourist attractions.2. An Overview of Communicative Translation2.1 Newmark‟s Text TypologyBühkler sorts the functions of language into three types: the expression, representation and appeal function. And based on it, Jacobson (Newmark, Peter2001) [1]classifies language into six functions: the expressive, informative, vocative, phatic, metalingual and aesthetic function. Peter Newmark absorbs these two theories critically and establishes his text typology. He divides the texts into three main types: the expressive, the informative and the vocative texts.“The core of the expressive text is the mind of the speaker, the writer, the originator of the utterance”. (Newmark, Peter 2001) [2] The author uses the utterance to express his feeling irrespective of any response. Expressive text focuses on the author‟s status in translation, thus it‟s author-centered and it means the author‟s status in the original texts is emphasize d. Typical texts of this type include autobiography, literature like poetry, novels and plays, and authoritative statements such as documents, political speeches, and scientific, philosophical and academic works.“The informative text stresses the“external situation, reality outside language, includingreported ideas or theories”. (Newmark, Peter 2001) [2] The information is what the author intends to deliver to the reader or audience. Textbooks, technical reports, articles in newspapers or periodicals, public signs, scenic spots introductions, scientific papers, and thesis are typical of the informative text.The function of the vocative text is to “call upon the readership to act, think or feel, in fact to …react‟ in the way intended by the text”. (Newmark, Peter2001)[2]According to Newmark, two factors are essential to the vocative texts, namely, the relationship between the reader and the writer, the comprehensibility and readability of the texts. Typical vocative texts include notices, instructions, publicity, advertisements, and persuasive writing.Although a text of pure function and purpose can seldom be found, from a broader perspective, texts can be all classified into these three types. And to different types of text, according to Newmark, two kinds of translation strategies can be applied.2.2Communicative Translation V.S. Semantic TranslationThe main concern of translation theory is to determine appropriate translation methods for the widest possible range of text. The long dispute over the chosen between literal translation and liberal translation can be ended by Newmar k‟s translation theory. The two translation strategies proposed by Newmark are appropriate to any text based on his text typology, i.e. communicative and semantic translation. Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original; and semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. Eugene Nida (Newmark, Peter 2001)[2]comments that Newmark‟s major contribution to translation is putting forward communicative and semantic translation. And the distinction becomes especially relevant for the diversity of texts.The goal of communicative translation is to produce the same effect on the TL readers as that produced by the original texts on the ST readers. Instead of just mirroring the words of ST, communicative translation maintains that the translation should be target language-oriented in the aspect of linguistics, culture and pragmatics. It caters more to the TL readers by producing the messages of the original. Thus readability and naturalness are the criteria for communicative translation. By restructuring or rearranging the clause and reinforcing the emphasis, the translator has the right and responsibility to meet the criteria.To help readers to fully comprehend the text, communicative translation makes the translation closer to them and transfers the social value, cultural elements and language peculiarities imbued in the original text into the TL translation. Thus the translator is given more liberty dealing with the source text. He/she can reset the sentences to serve in the interests of the target reader when thinking that translating the original text which is somewhat awkward or liable to cause misunderstandings in the original sentence sequence.Communicative translation is applied when non-authoritative texts are translated, taking public signs in tourist attractions for example.In contrast, semantic translation is a mode of text transfer which involves using only syntactic and semantic constrains of the TL to duplicate the exact contextual meaning the author intends. It focuses on the semantic content of the SL text and attaches equal importance to the style of the text. Priority is given to the meaning and form of the original. When translating authoritative texts, including literature, religious texts and legal texts, the translator should apply the methodof semantic translation.According to Newmark, communicative translation is applied for “informative” and “vocative” texts, and semantic translation is for “expressive” text. Although the two strategies are different from each other, he remarks that “communicative an d semantic translation may well coincide” because actually there are overlaps of communicative and semantic translation methods. There is no clear-cut line separating semantic translation from communicative translation, nor is there an indicator showing which part of a text is expressive, informative or vocative. The two methods are complementary in dealing with specific translation problems and the three text types are mingled with one another in a text. But some texts intend to lay particular stress on one text type, some others on another. Therefore, a translation can be more or less communicative or more or less semantic.3. An overview of public signs3.1The Definition of Public Signs“Public signs” is new general fashionable vocabulary which is verbal language read in public. The public signs are the words and image information including instructions,; display; alarming and etc., that relate to live hood; manufacture and life.（Hefa Lv，2005；9）[3]Public signs have great range of usage, and deep into all aspects of life. Guideboard, advertising board, road sign, shop signs, warnings, slogan, tourist attractions introduction and ect., All reflects the overall quality of the society and self-cultivation and mental attitude.3.2The classification of Public SignsZongsheng Dai and Hefa Lv point it out that there are 4 functions of public signs are Directive; prompting function; Restrictive;Mandatory. ( Wang Yin Hefa Lv 2007) [4]3.2.1 Directive functionDirective function: directive function that is not restrictive and mandatory provides thoughtful information services and it asks not the actions taken by readers, however, it just uses to indicate content of service. For examples:Conference Center: 会议中心Washing Bay: 洗车场International Departure: 国际出发Super Market: 超级市场These public signs have been significantly used in cities or facilities of tourist attraction and religious clubs and foreign institutions and etc.. Lots of nouns are used in language style showing “Static State” information.3.2.2 Promoting FunctionThe major purpose of promoting public signs is to promote the readers, but has no particular meaning. The usage of these is wide enough, such as:Check In:入住登记Admission Free: 免费入场Cable Car Entrance: 缆车入口Smoke-Free Scenic Area:无烟景区Verbs phrase and noun phrase that is characterized by few words and easy identification are applied in this public signs.3.2.3 Restricted FunctionRestricted public signs are always straightforward in wording with a view to constrict and limit relative actions of common people. For instance:Ticket Only: 凭票入场Keep Silence: 保持安静Give Way to Buses: 公交优先Keep Distance :保持车距3.2.4 Mandatory FunctionRestricted signs require correlation public to take actions or not to take any actions. The language features are frank and the tones is stiff and prohibit firsthand and order people to take some certain actions. Like:No Parking: 禁止停车No Littering: 请勿乱扔废弃物No Smoking: 禁止吸烟“As for the pragmatic function of public functions, the ecological and environmental protection is also the vital function, excepting the 4 functions above”(王银泉.2007,5) [5]. Like “ Don‟t pick flowers”, “ Shopping with cloth bag is fashionable” and etc. Public signs which are simple, specified; standard; and etc. connect the specification patterns and personalization so as to become a special social dialect. It‟s aiming at restrain the public such as calling people to obey the social morality, and prohibiting any actions that do harm to the public.4. The translation problems of public signs4.1 Linguistic translation errors (pragmatic errors)Finding linguistic translation errors that means linguistic translation itself has no problems; linguistic translation errors are not easy to be noticed in that it differs from grammatical errors which just does not comply with idiomatic expression of target language, or occurs in improper context so that the readers feel confused and unsatisfied. The grammatical errors may be caused by authors low language proficiency; carelessness. All of this can be avoided. However, linguistic translation errors are elusive and hard to discover so that the results caused by it is more severe than grammatical errors.Grammatical errors wo n‟t produce side effect on readers, nevertheless, Linguistic translation errors are likely to cause mistakes, what is worse, the errors like that may hurt readers or make readers laugh. As an old saying says“Grammatical errors”indicates that speakers do not have good command of language, but linguistic translation errors manifest the quality of speakers.Let‟s view some typical examples of public signs. “闲人免进” is translated into “No Lazy People” . This kind of translation method which is funny only is milli on miles away from the meaning from original one. The standard one is “Staff only”. “出口” is translated into“Export”. As a result, it becomes another one“出口”.The accurate translation is “Exit”. “欢迎再次光临” is translated into“Welcome You Again”. This kind of version makes friends of foreign countries feel unfriendly and polite and confused. Idiomatic translation of this is “Welcome Back”.Figure 1. Common non-standard public signs“小心路滑”is translated into“Carefully slide”which is totally another meaning. The right one is “Caution, Wet Floor”.Figure 2. Common non-standard public signs“请勿吸烟” is translated into“Thank you for not smoking”which is not idiomatic and demoded. The most idiomatic one is “No Smoking”.4.2 The classification of public signs4.2.1 MisspellingThis kind of error includes increasing or decreasing alphabet when spelling; spelling some words separately, and wrong writing or incorrect spelling. For example,PIC 1-3Figure 3. Common non-standard public signsThe clothing in shop is translated into “Womenswear”(女装); actually the correct translation is “Ladies‟ dress”. “太和门” is translated into “Gate of Supreme Harmony”. The exact translation is“Gate of Supreme Harmony”4.2.2 Grammatical errorsThe second one is grammar errors. Single or plural forms, tense, voice and agreement of categories are the elements which frequently cause problems in Chinese to English translation.Figure 4. Common non-standard public signsFor example, “严禁随地吐痰” is translated into “Rigorous spit everywhere” instead of “No Spitting” or “Please Don‟t Spit”.Grammatical errors are the most common error of public signs translation, for instance, the improper use of singular and plural of noun; tenses of verb are wrong; wrong usages of verbs and noun and etc. The following is the common misuse of public signs:Figure 5. Common non-standard public signs“女卫生间”is translated into “Woman”. This sentence wants to focus on the “plural”. First, it should be “Women”, second, it is not comply with international standard. The accurate and authentic translation of this is “Ladies”. “请勿乱对垃圾”is translated into “No Litter”. The verb “litter” is adopted in a wrong way. It should be“No Littering”.Figure 6. Common non-standard public signsFigure 7. Common non-standard public signs“男卫生间” is “MAIE” which incorrectly uses incorrectly singular and plural of noun. It should be “Gents”. “女卫生间”is“FAMAIE”which incorrectly uses incorrectly singular and plural of noun. It should be “Ladies”.The crucial reason for this error is that the translator is not qualified who can not use the method of application of public signs well so as to cause low-level grammatical errors. Of course, but more often, it belongs to translator‟s carelessness, or the translator has no time to check and review since time is tight.4.2.3 Lexical errorsLexical errors cover: collocation error; mixing synonyms; semantic ambiguity and etc. The exit of some shopping mall says “欢迎您再来” which is translated into “Welcome you to come”, however, the collocation of “Welcome‟‟ is not right. The proper translation is “We Welcome You to Come Back” or “Please come agai n﹗” “铜陵市支行” which is put into “TONGLING SHI COUNTRY SUB BRANCH” the sign mixes English and Chinese up and uses both o f the two languages to translate. “TONGLING CITY‟‟ should be used instead of “TONGLING SHI‟‟ And , using “branch‟‟ is enough to convey the meaning “支行‟‟, so it is cumbersome to add “sub”. The version “TONGLING CITY BRANCH‟‟ is accepted.4.2.4 Cultural translation errorsIt is impossible to separate the use of a language from the culture in which the language is deeply embedded. The interwoven relationship between language and culture has a dual sense. Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it.4.2.5 Unidiomatic ExpressionsCustom culture refers to a kind of custom resulting from long-period social life and activities. There are so many aspects being different between English and Chinese, such as greeting, appellation, giving thanks, apologizing, complimenting and making phones. For instance, when people greet others, Chinese people always ask:“Have you finished your work?”“Where are you going?”“What are you doing”By contrast, in western culture, there are real question, so they will feel weird and think“will you be ready for my dinner?”“Where am I going and what am I doingis none of your business.”Figure 8. Common non-standard public signsExample 2, English version: ORGANISM, the meaning of Chinese words and identity are always obscure and the readers have to understand the whole writing from the context. The right one is “Unrecyclable”4.2.6 ChinglishIt‟s word-for-word translation among which some are called Chinglish. This may lead to misunderstandings by the foreigner s. For example, “上楼”is translated into “Up Stair”. Though there is no error and it does express the literal meaning of the Chinese, it does not in accordance with language habits of English thus loses the function of direction.Taking words literally is considerate into Chinglish which means mechanical translating words by words and sitting by number. It does not take the lexical connotation and order of English which causes a whale of a difference between the native English and translation version. Take so me scenic spots translation for example: “注意安全” is interpreted into “notice safety” which is said “注意” is “notice” and “安全” becomes “safety” more instances like below:(1)必须安全带帽。
镇江部分公园及饭店公示语汉译英翻译失误分析
镇江部分公园及饭店公示语汉译英翻译失误分析镇江市语委办公室随着改革开放的不断深入，我国加强了国际化都市和国际旅游景点的建设，许多城市的国际语言环境得到明显改善。
其主要标志是：双语公示语数量的明显增多。
但是，在公示语翻译中存在着大量的不规范、错译及误译的现象，已引起社会的普遍关注。
公示语翻译质量低下的现象在我国很普遍，影响着城市和国家的形象。
镇江是对外开放港口城市，公共场所用语不规范情况也比较突出。
2006年8月，据南师大外国语学院学生谢伟用两周时间在镇江市区发现的类似材料，证明镇江街头中英文对照的错误招牌（标志）竟达三成以上！发生在镇江街头的这些错误英文招牌，遍及闹市区中山路、解放路、长江路、梦溪路等路段的一些对外和涉外窗口，涉及金融、房产、装饰、餐饮、医疗等众多行业，其表现在中文对照不规范、词不达意，错误甚至歪曲原意等。
镇江市7座公园有4座公园使用双语甚至4语（日文、韩文）标志（如南山、焦山），宾馆中国际饭店、碧榆园、一泉宾馆、镇江宾馆使用多一些。
近期，根据省语委办公室的要求，市语委办公室派员走访了市区的公园和饭店、宾馆，抽查了一些示意性文字，发现了不少翻译的失误。
一、错译例1：停车场（国际饭店）原译：Park(Park 名词意思为：公园, 停车场, 炮场)评论：park作名词时表示公园或别墅周围的园林，作动词时才表示停车。
此处表示“停车场”，应将动词名词化为“Parking”。
改译：Parking例2：待渡舫（焦山公园）原译：Waition Room评论：此处“waition”有误改译：Waiting Room例3：青螺居饭店（焦山公园）原译：Qingluoju Vegetarian Restaurant评论：改翻译意为“青螺居素食饭店”，但据考察，里面也卖荤食，故不准确。
改译：Qingluoju Restaurant例4：请勿随地吐痰（焦山公园的渡船舱内）原译：Qin Wu Sui Di Tu Tan评论：使用汉语拼音翻译，外国人看不懂。
城市公示语翻译失误现象探究
城市公示语翻译失误现象探究1. 引言1.1 研究背景城市公示语翻译失误是一个普遍存在且备受关注的问题。
随着全球化进程加快和人们跨国交流的增多，城市公示语的翻译质量直接影响着城市形象的展示和国际形象的传播。
近年来不少城市在翻译公示语时出现了失误的现象，严重影响了城市形象和国际交流效果。
城市公示语翻译失误的背景主要包括两个方面：一是城市国际化进程加快，对公示语翻译质量提出了更高要求；二是城市管理部门对外宣传形象越来越重视，公示语作为城市形象的重要组成部分，翻译失误直接损害了城市形象和声誉。
对城市公示语翻译失误现象进行深入探究，针对影响因素进行分析，并提出解决对策建议，具有重要的理论和实践意义。
本文旨在对这一现象进行全面研究，为提升城市公示语翻译质量和城市形象建设提供有效的参考和借鉴。
1.2 研究目的研究目的主要是通过深入分析城市公示语翻译失误现象，探讨其产生原因和对城市形象和文化传播的影响，进而提出相应的解决对策和建议。
通过对城市公示语翻译失误现象进行深入挖掘，可以帮助相关部门更加重视翻译工作的质量和准确性，提高城市形象的整体素质，促进城市文化的传播和交流。
研究城市公示语翻译失误现象的影响因素，可以为未来避免类似失误提供参考和借鉴，提高城市公共信息传达的质量和效果。
最终目的是为了促进城市公共信息的准确传达，提升城市形象与文化的传播效果，推动城市的可持续发展和提升城市竞争力。
2. 正文2.1 城市公示语翻译失误现象分析城市公示语翻译失误是指在城市公共场所的标识、告示、广告等文字信息中出现翻译不准确、不规范、甚至错译的现象。
这一现象在我国城市化进程不断加快的背景下愈发突出，给城市形象、文化交流、游客体验等方面带来了一系列负面影响。
城市公示语翻译失误可能造成信息传递不准确。
城市公共场所的标识或告示通常是为了向市民和游客传达重要信息，如果翻译失误导致信息不清晰、错误理解，就可能给人们的生活和出行带来不便和风险。
公共标识语英译错误分析_以汉中市为例
第11卷第2期V o.l 11N o .2沙洋师范高等专科学校学报Journa l of Shayang T eachers Co ll ege 2010年4月A pr .2010收稿日期:2010-03-03作者简介:王小红(1975-),女,陕西汉中人,陕西理工学院外语系讲师,硕士,主要研究方向:语言学与应用语言学。
公共标识语英译错误分析以汉中市为例王小红(陕西理工学院外语系,陕西汉中 723001)摘 要:随着全球化进程加快,更多的外国人来华旅游或经商,英文公共标识语(Publi c S i gns)出现在各城市的大街小巷,而英译错误屡见不鲜,导致不能充分发挥公共标识语的指导性作用。
汉中虽地处西北,其公共标识的数量与重要性亦不可小觑。
文章对汉中市公共标识的英译错误进行了分析,找出其错误的根源,以规范汉中市的英文标识语,促进汉中市旅游业和精神文明更好地发展。
关键词:公共标识语;错误翻译;错误根源中图分类号:H 319 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-0768(2010)02-0078-032008年8月,一场 换小孩 的英语标识风波在宝岛台湾闹得沸沸扬扬。
几家地铁里给婴儿换尿布的台子使用了 Baby Chang i n g 这样的英文标识,有人认为应该用 D iaper Change (Zone) ,还有人评论这一英文标识 离谱翻译笑死老外 。
[1]公共标识语指街头路牌、商店招牌、宣传语、警示语、旅游简介等,[2]被使用在特定场所为人们的出行提供指示、解释、警告,是一种交际工具,在某种意义上说代表着该城市的风貌,其重要性自然不可小视。
然而在众多的双语标识中,错误翻译随处可见。
标识语的误译将误导外国游客,给他们带来极大的不便,所以,规范公共英文标识翻译势在必行。
一、汉中市公共标识语的英译错误(一)汉中的旅游业及公共标识语汉中,简称 汉 ,汉家发祥地,北倚秦岭,南屏大巴山,中部是美丽富饶的汉中盆地,虽位于中国西部,却拥有与江南同样的秀色,素有 小江南 、 秦巴明珠 美称。
南京旅游景点英文标志语错误分析及改进措施
专科毕业设计（论文）论文题目：南京旅游景点英文标志语错误分析及改进措施二级学院：经济管理学院专业：商务英语班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：职称：讲师20 15 年6月南京原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文，是本人在指导教师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。
除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
作者签名：日期：年月日论文使用授权本人完全了解江苏海事职业技术学院有关保留、使用论文的规定，学院有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。
本人授权江苏海事职业技术学院可以将论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编论文。
（保密的论文在解密后应遵守此规定）作者签名：指导教师签名：日期：年月日摘要随着我国旅游业对外开放步伐的加快，英文标志语的使用越来越广泛。
许多旅游景点设置了中英双语标志语以提升景区国际化旅游目的地的形象。
然而不规范的标志语英译也随之涌现出来。
本文主要探究南京市旅游景点标志语的翻译主要存在的错误有：拼写错误、用词不当、汉语拼音代替英、汉语式表、用语错误，并根据这些错误提出了相应的措施：一、严格要求译者，提高制作者的素养。
二、政府方面加强加紧对标志语的监督和管理。
三、提高大众对标志语的重视程度。
四、统一翻译标准。
以期规范南京市旅游景点标志语的英译。
关键词：旅游景点标志语错误分析改进措施AbstractWith the China's tourism rapid development of opening, English sign language is used widely. Many tourist attractions are provided bilingual sign language in order to improve the image of an international tourist destination. However, non-standard translation for sign language appears recently. This article is to explore errors of tourist attractions in Nanjing sign language translation are: spelling errors, a misnomer, pinyin instead of English, Chinese-style tables, language errors, and point out some improvement strategies according to those errors: First, require translator strictly and improve the literacy of makers. Second, the government should step up to the sign language to strengthen the supervision and management. Third, increasing public emphasis on sign language. Fourth, unifying the standard of translation. Expect to straighten the translation specification of sign language i n Nanjing‟s attractions.Key words: Nanjing tourist attractions sign language error analysis improvement strategies目录1 引言 (1)2 标志语正确翻译的重要性 (1)3 南京旅游景点标志语翻译错误及原因分析 (1)3.1 南京旅游景点标志语翻译现状及错误分析 (2)3.1.1 拼写错误 (2)3.1.2 用词不当 (2)3.1.3 汉语拼音代替英语 (3)3.1.4 汉语式表述 (3)3.1.5 用语错误 (3)3.1.6 书写格式不正确 (4)3.2 南京旅游景点翻译错误原因分析 (5)3.2.1 译者英语水平不高和工作不严谨 (5)3.2.2 标牌制作人员印刷疏忽 (5)3.2.3 翻译标准不统一 (5)3.2.4 中西方文化背景差异造成的不准确翻译 (5)4 建议改进措施 (6)4.1 严格要求译者，提高制作者的素养 (6)4.2 政府方面要加强加紧对标志语的监督和管理 (6)4.3 大众要提升对标志语的重视程度 (7)4.4 统一翻译标准 (7)4.4 参考国外现成翻译 (7)结论 (9)致谢 (10)参考文献 (11)1 引言南京作为六朝古都，有着悠久的历史。
标识语汉英翻译结课作业
标识语汉英翻译结课作业一、城市交通标识语误译实例时间：2013/3/23 地点：兴庆路原文：Xijing Hospital,CHANGLE XI LU修改后：Xijing Hospital,CHANGLE WEST ROAD说明：西京医院被翻译成英文，而长乐西路却是汉语拼音，让老外看了实在是摸不着北。
为了统一起见，建议还是将它们都改为英文翻译的形式，即：Xijing Hospital,CHANGLE WEST ROAD。
二、公共场所标识语误译实例时间：2013/3/23 地点：兴庆路原文：SHAANXI SHENG LAO YI XIEREPRODUCTIVE HOSPITAL修改后：SHAANXI REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINEHOSPITAL OF THE ORIGINAL MEDICINEASSOCIATION说明：这种将汉语拼音和英语放在一起的例子屡见不鲜，应该统一化。
“生殖医学”应翻译为“REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE”，而“REPRODUCTIVE”只做“生殖的，再生的，复制的”之意。
我认为“老医协”的老应理解为“最初的，原来的”而不是字面意思上的“老”，所以将它翻译为“ORIGINAL”。
三、公共场所标识语误译实例时间：2013/3/23 地点：兴庆路原文：Escaped stack quick hotel修改后：ComfortableQuick Hotel说明：Escaped为“逃逸的”意思，stack也并无“客栈”之意，却有一个“堆栈”（计算机专用名词）的意思，店家这么翻译完全是因为这两个单词中分别有“逸”“栈”的翻译，但这样不仅闹了笑话还让老外完全不懂这是家怎样的快捷酒店。
店家无非想表达“安逸的、舒适的客栈”的意思，那么完全可以直接翻译为Comfortable Quick Hotel，老外就明白了这家酒店就是很舒适的感觉。
当然，也可以直接音译为Yizhan Quick Hotel。
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城市标识用语英译失误及其实例分析
【摘要】目前在许多城市，标识语逐渐采用中英双语来表示，而标识语的汉译英中存在着不少的问题。
本文通过实例分析了标识语在使用中存在的这些问题，希望能够唤起越来越多的人对标识语翻译质量的重视，以使其更加规范和谐。
【关键词】标识语；翻译错误；汉译英
１标识语的意义
英语使用的场合，除了报刊和广播电视媒体以及新兴的网络媒体外，社会用语也占了较大的比重，其中旅游景点的宣传介绍、街头路牌、商店招牌等公共场所所标识用语的英文翻译也不在少数。
目前在许多大城市，城市标识语逐渐采用中英双语来表示，对来华的外国旅游者、学习者和经商者来说，由于标识语是一种最便捷的路标和信息载体，因此它的作用是显而易见的。
标识语翻译能否实现它本来的功能，不但影响到外国友人在中国的吃穿住用行，还关系到城市的精神面貌和整体形象，有损我国各开放城市的声誉。
因此，研究标识语翻译的原则和方法，解决标识语翻译的问题不仅十分必要，而且相当紧迫。
2 标识语的失误分析
误译是公共标牌和标识语汉译英中较为普遍的一种错误，译文无法准确地传递原文的信息。
导致误译的原因很多，如对原文理解失误，从而导致误译；或译文不忠实于原文而导致误译。
从很大程度上讲，误译与译者对英汉两种语言的掌握和修养程度有着密切的关
系。
译者英汉语言水平越高，误译的可能性就越小；反之，误译的可能性就越大。
死译或硬译也是公共标牌和标识语汉译英中的常见错误之一。
死译或硬译是指译者直接按照原文词句、内容、结构或顺序译出，搞对号入座。
这样做的结果可能导致译文不符合公共标牌和标识语的用词特点和行文习惯，使其难以理解，达不到交流的目的。
导致死译或硬译的原因可能是译者对原文真正的含义缺乏理解，或是在翻译时害怕漏掉原文的内容，或不知语言乃是文化的载体。
这些错误具体表现如下：
1）交际信息失灵
从语用上看，公共标牌和标识语翻译的一种常见的问题是使用不正确的表达方式，导致所要传达的信息不能取得预期的效果。
例如，某市是著名的文化活动中心，经常有欧美音乐家应邀前来演出，但是，令人遗憾的是，其收费处的英文译文竟然是pay box，且不说box在俚语中有不少粗俗的含义，观众也不知道该如何进入这个box 来买票。
又如，在一个著名旅游胜地的大门入口处，门票出售窗口上方标有“收费处”几个字，这样的文字说明在中文里当然没有任何问题，但是此处收费处给出的英文是“toll gate ”。
“toll gate ”指的是道路、桥梁和港口等地的收费处，尤其是高速公路的收费站，而旅游景点的“收费处”应该用“book office”或“ticket office ”。
还有将“人才市场”的“人才”翻译成“labor”，而“labor”在英文中师“蓝领、劳工”的含义。
这些语言上的误译会给人们带来
错误的信息，容易使交际处于尴尬的境地。
2）社交用语失误
公共标牌和标识语的翻译由于要求简洁，不便交代背景，且没有上下文作参考，又由于不同语言词汇的联想意义及其体现的价值取向差异会使交流受阻，因而要考虑读者的欣赏习惯和文化背景，使人容易接受。
由于提示信息不当和文化差异所引起的语用失误经常出现。
例如在某一飞机场有一则禁烟告示为：
“为了您和大家的健康，吸烟请到吸烟区。
”
而翻译成英文则为：for your and others health, the passengers who smoke, please go to the smoking area.
告示的目的是想告诉吸烟者不在公共场合吸烟，而到特定的地方去抽，以免损害他人的健康，直接翻译出来的英文，却会被理解为到吸烟区去吸烟对健康有益，违背了告示的初衷。
应该直接翻译成：non-smoking area.既简洁明了，又符合英语的地道表达。
3）没有遵守礼貌原则
礼貌原则是语用学中的一项重要原则，也是翻译的一项重要原则。
在具体的翻译实践中，要注意翻译的礼貌原则，也就是要得体，把要表达的意思用恰当的方式表达出来让人容易接受，避免伤害读者或听众。
在汉语的公示语中，直接明晰的禁止类表达一般情况都是可以接受的，例如：“禁止抽烟“、”“禁止随地吐痰”等，在人们看来并不十分刺耳。
但是，一旦将它们译为英语，我们则需要考虑是否具有对等的接受程度。
根据英语国家的语用原则，得体性往
往产生于间接、含蓄。
例如：
（1）“爱护花木，切勿攀折”
误译： take care of flowers and trees. do not pick and harm them.
正译： stay away from flowers and trees.
（2）历史遗迹，严禁刻划
误译： no carving on the cultural heritage.
正译： please treasure our own cultural heritages.
这两个例子都采用了命令的语气，显得十分生硬，令外国游客难以接受，过于直露的、强加性的禁止用语是不受欢迎的。
正因为如此，我们经常看到被动句和无人称主语句式在英语告示语中大量应用，例如：don’t tread on grass （不要践踏草地），please give me a chance to grow. ( 不要践踏草地)，试想，看到这一提示的游客哪里还忍心踩下去。
这些例子都告诉我们，在应用文的翻译中，尤其是在公共场所的提示性语言的翻译中，要注意相同话语形式在不同文化中可能具有不同的礼貌级别，尽量做到译文在礼貌问题上的对等。
4）语言错误
使用一种语言，应该遵循该语言的语法规则，讲究遣词造句，在词的拼写、意义、语法和用法等方面给与应有的重视，而在标识语的翻译中存在不同程度的问题，包括：词的用法不当、词的使用不规范、英汉内容表达不一致、句子结构有错误和时态问题等等。
例
如：
（1）高新技术开发区
误译：high and new technology development region
正译：new and high technology development zone
原来的翻译中存在两个问题，一是把“高新技术”对号入座翻译成了“high and new technology”。
这不符合英语的习惯用法，应将其译成“new and high technology”，因为英语中有high-tech （ high technology 的缩写）的说法，将high 和 technology 分开当然就不对了。
原译中的另一个问题是将”开发区”译为了“development region”，这也不妥，“开发区”应译为“development zone”才地道。
（2）欢迎国内外朋友来旅游
误译：welcomes all the friends both at home and abroad tourism investment and business development.
正译：welcome all the friends both at home and abroad tourism investment and business development.
这句话的错误在于时态使用错误，作为口号，动词直接用原形，不需要时态变化。
时态错误的原因在于没有仔细推敲动词在句子中与动作执行者的关系，更重要的是语言环境。
３结论
标识语的使用在现代生活中起着越来越重要的作用，标识语翻译中广泛存在的失误问题是我国城市社会用语文明建设过程中不可
忽视的环节，其英语译文水平的高低，直接反应了一个城市国际化水平的高低，反应了一个城市的品位。
要避免城市标识语翻译上的错误，翻译人员的语言功底和素质非常重要。
另外，政府的重视也是必不可少的。
应该采取一定的措施，消除对与国际接轨的认识的误解，在树立标识语时做到准确、规范、统一，改善城市标识语的面貌。
我们重视和运用外语应象重视和运用自己的母语一样，这样才能与国际进行有效的交流。
【参考文献】
［１］陈小全.汉语新词新语质量问题不容乐观[j].中国翻
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［责任编辑：杨扬］。