高考英语语法 巧解顺口溜,倒装轻松学

巧解顺口溜，倒装轻松学

倒装句是高中语法的重要内容，也是高考的一大考点。倒装情况比较复杂，下面用新颖独特的方法归纳编成口诀，把繁杂的倒装情况变得妙趣横生，让同学们在笑声中，思考中轻松愉快地掌握它们，并且印象深，记得牢。

一、副介分作地状表，位于句首全倒装

1、在句中作地点状语的副词或介词短语（here/there/up/ Down/away/Off/by the

river等位于句首，且主语不是人称代词，此时用完全倒装。例如：

1.—Is everyone here?—Not yet……Look, there come the rest of our guests!

There置于句首，形成完全倒装。此时，句中谓语动词根据后面的主语（the rest of our guests）而确定为复数。

2. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.

表示地点的介词短语提前，形成完全倒装。

2、当句中的表语（分词、形容词、副词或介词短语）置于句首时，也用完全倒装。例如：

Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni （校友）from home and abroad.

“出席……的有……”因为主语较长，因此把分词短语attending the ceremony提到句首以保持句子结构的平衡，形成完全倒装。

二、句首否定副介连，部分倒装大家族

含有否定或半否定意义的副词、介词短语、连词放在句首时，句子用部分倒装。这类副词或介词短语很多，犹如一个大家族。他们hardly (scarcely), no, not, little, seldom, never, rarely, by no means, at no time, in no case, no sooner…(than), not until, not only等。例如：

1. Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.

never为否定副词，放在句首用部分倒装；根据语境应用现在完成时。

2. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.

not until放在句首要用部分倒装，而consider发生在retired之后或同时发生，所

以用一般过去时。

3. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.

by no means为否定意义的短语，放在句首用部分倒装。

4. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers’ energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.

not only… but (also) 连接两个分句，前一分句中not only为否定意义的短语，位于句首用部分倒装。

三、句首neither, nor及so，部分倒装“也如此”

在倒装结构“So /Neither/ Nor+助动词/情态动词/动词be+主语”中，表示前面说话的情况也适用于另一个人（物），即“也（也不）如此”。例如：

1. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and Neither was

I.

句意为：我也不高兴。

2. — My room gets very cold at night.

—So does mine.

so sb do意为“的确如此”；so do sb意为“也是如此”。本句意为：我的（房间）也是如此。

3. — I reminded you not to forget the appointment.

—so you did.

本句意为：你的确提醒了我。

四、only连接副介从，位于句首半倒装

当“only+状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）”放在句首时，句子用半倒装结构。例如：

1. Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused.

only +副词作状语置于句首，用部分倒装；时间状语（then）提示用一般过时。

2. Only with the greatest luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.

only +介词短语作状语置于句首，用部分倒装；而语境提示用一般过时。

3. Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships

with others.

only +状语从句置于句首，用部分倒装。根据句意，应用一般将来时。

五、结果状从such、so，位于句首半倒装

在结果状语从句“so/such…that…”结构中，若so/such提到句首时，主句构成半倒装。例如：

So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.

在so ...that..句子结构中，so与其所修饰的词置于句首，用部分倒装。

六、虚拟条件及让步，从句倒装有特殊

1、虚拟条件从句中含有had, should或were时，可以省略if而将had, should或were提到主语的前面，构成倒装结构。例如：

Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.

Had he caught…为If he had caught…的省略和倒装。

2、在as或though引导的让步状语从句时，可以将从句的表语/状语/动词原形提前，构成特殊的倒装结构：“表语/状语+as/ though+主语......，主句”或“动词原形+ as/though +主语+might/did，主句”。考例：

1. Try as/though she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.

本题结构为“动词原形+ as/though+主语+might”。

2. Unsatisfied as/ though he was with, he took the job just to get some work experience.

本题为倒装结构“表语+though +主语+……”。

3. Quiet student as/though he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

在让步状语从句的倒装结构“表语+though/as+主语+……”中，表语是单数可数名词时，前面不用冠词。

实战演练：根据句子结构或括号内提示的内容，在句子空白处填入适当的内容（不超过3个词）。

1. No sooner ______Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into

thunderous applause.

2. Not until I returned ______ I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.