英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨论文
英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨论文
英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨全文如下：
摘要：随着英语在我国的大力推广，英语学术论文中的学术词
汇探讨的发展问题不断的在英语学术论文中出现，而在这其中新形
势下英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨发展的效果，是直接关系到英
语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨的最后效果的关键因素之一。因此，
本文主要就英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨进行分析。
关键词：英语学术论文学术词汇
一、前言
如何做好新形势下英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨研究发展工作，为英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨研究实现可持续发展提供坚实的
安全保障，是现在英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨研究面临的迫在
眉睫、函需解决的头等课题。
二、学术词汇
学术词汇是一种独特的词汇，这种词汇主要出现在各种不同形式不同内容的学术研究类文体中，在其他文体中出现的频率较低，这
类词汇是学习研究必不可少的内容。对于英语学术论文，只有有效
掌握与之相关的学术词汇才能更好地阅读英语学术论文，研究英语
学习论文，我们要分析哪些是经常出现的学术词汇，哪些是较少出
现的学术词汇，在学习研究中做到心中有数，才能有效进行学术词
汇学习与研究。
在一些学术文本中经常性出现的一些英语学术性词汇，但是在一些非学术类的文本中出现的一些英语词汇，比如：(attribute，capacity，differentiate，explicit)。有研究学者发现，早在70
多年以前，这些词汇就被我们的前人发现了，这些词汇已经经常性
的出现在当时的各个领域的学术性文本中，并且被广泛使用。但学
者们为了将一些经常使用的高频性词语与一些不常用词汇进行区分，
我们将后者称之为半技术性词汇(sub-technicalvocabulary)、(framewords)框架性词汇、(specializednon-technicalvocabulary)专业非技术性词汇、或(academicvocabulary)学术性的词汇。根据
词汇产生的频率和分布情况，Ming-tzu和Nation(2004)把词汇分为了四类：
1.高频类词汇：一般这样的词汇大概有2000个，在各种文体中被广泛而频繁的进行使用的最基本的英语词汇。在学术文章中高频
词汇可以占到总体词汇量的80%，而是我们在日常的英语文章与小
说中，这些词汇可以达到90%以上。
2.学术类词汇：在学术论文中占到词汇量的8%-10%左右，他具
有一定的专业性。经常性出现在各学科的专业学术论文中。
3.技术性词汇：这类词汇与某一特定的学科具有一定的相关性，这类词汇对于作为学习英语为第二语言的学生来讲，没有太多的困难，这些词汇在英语的日常学习中都会被涉及到，并且在日常学习
中也会被着重强调。
4.低频词汇：这些词汇在学术文本中的出现的次数较少，并且没有太高的使用率，出现频率只能占总体词汇量的5%左右。
三、有关学术词汇表的研究
Coxhead(2000)基于语料库的研究编制了学术词汇表(AcademicWordList，简称AWL)，语料库含有3513330个词标，来
自4个学科(人文、商业、法律、理科)，28个专业，414个文本。
词汇表由词族组成，按照字母顺序排列，单词后表明所在子表。每
个词族包括一个基础词与其曲折形式、派生词，例如conception，concepts，conceptual，conceptualisation，conceptualise都收录在concept族里。在RANGE软件的帮助下，Coxhead的AWL收录
了570个词族，按照词族频率的高低分成10个子表，子表1包含了在Coxhead语料库中出现频率最高的词族，子表2次之，之后以此
类推。子表1-9各有60个词族，子表10有30个词族。这些词覆盖学术语料库10%词标。Coxhead的AWL对于英语教学和AWL的发展非常有意义。
四、关于语料库的研究问题
语言证明是大多数语言学研究的重要手段，只有通过语言证明才能保证语言学研究的科学与准确。在语言证明中语料库则为之提供重要的保证。在语言学研究领域，语料库起着重要作用，它是语言学研究的实例证明，为语言学研究提供研究素材和研究依据，同时也为语言学研究提供科学有效的量化标准。即使语料库语言学只是一门新兴学科，但是，它的地位和重要价值，在语言学研究方面已经凸显出来。
在语料库的帮助下，关于语言的本质，语言的构成以及语言的功能等问题的研究就能较为科学，语料库为这些研究提供真实的例子和量化的数据，这样关于这些内容的描述和研究就有了依据，在一定程度上可以避免单凭语言学家对于语言的直觉进行描述研究，最大限度地保证语言学研究的科学准确性。在这个过程中，现代信息技术的运用为语言学研究提供了重要的现代化工具，在计算机的帮助下语言学家可以借助各种语料库构建软件快速构建他们在研究过程中所需要的语料库，也可以通过计算机中的语料库软件分析在研究过程中所需要的各种数据，并进行检索信息，提取信息服务，为语言学研究铺平道路。因此，建立语料库对语言学研究作用重大。
五、关于语料库的设计与学术词汇研究
1.语料库设计的丰富多样对学术研究的价值
在语料库设计过程中，最重要的是保证语料库的丰富多样性，只有丰富的语料库才能在学术研究的各个领域充分发挥作用，语料库的研究主要是为了分析不同学术领域学术词汇的使用情况，分析学术词汇的使用规律，以保证学术词汇能够更快更好地被人们掌握。同样，学习者在学习过程中，通过语料库中丰富的学术词语的掌握能够对学术文章有效解读，对学术问题有效分析。学术词汇都有自己的使用规律，并不是无序混乱的，我们重点要掌握这些使用规律才能有效掌握学术词汇。语料库的设计要丰富多样，在语料库中要涉及不同的文本，多样性对文本解读是很重要的，语料库的设计原则就应保证其多样化，保证学术词汇的丰富性。
2.学术词汇的词频研究
在实际工作中，研究者无论是在选择字典的词条还是在建立单词表时都要研究词汇出现的频率问题，也就是词频，学术词汇研究也
要讲究词频。在学术词汇研究中，词频是一种有价值的客观存在，
能够有效说明学术词语的使用情况，对学术词汇研究具有重要的价值，在学术词汇中一些高频词会引起学习者对它们的有效关注，而
一些低频词学习者则不会对它们过度关注，这些低频词汇的使用情
况直接决定着文本听、说、读、写的难易。因此，无论是研究者还
是学习者，学习掌握学术词汇进行有效的英语学术论文的阅读，都
需要对这些低频词汇有所掌握，在阅读文本中，低频词的出现也会
影响阅读者的阅读速度，从而影响信息的传达速度。我们在研究中
要注意这个问题，对低频词汇加以总结。
3.语料库的研究工具
语料库的研究要借助Range软件，这种软件可以对词汇的使用频率进行有效分析分类，在研究过程中，研究者需要通过对词汇使用
频率的分析来研究学术词汇的使用规律，对学术词汇进行有效研究。学术词汇的出现频率是指学术词汇在学术文本中出现的次数以及出
现的规律，就英语学术词语而言，这种研究可以为英语教学提供方便，为英语单词表的制定提供数字基础，语料库以及其中的学术词
汇研究对英语教学和英语学术研究作用重大。
六、结束语
综上所述，本文所提到的英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨的研究工作，希望可以对英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨的发展提供参考
价值。随着英语学术论文中的学术词汇探讨的不断开展，对英语学
术论文中的学术词汇探讨的研究工作也将成为保障英语学术论文中
的学术词汇探讨的重要工作。
3.浅论英美英语在词汇上的差异
考研英语写作议论文常见话题经典句型示例
考研英语写作议论文常见话题经典句型示例 1. When asked about..., most people say... But many other people regard...as... I personally think... 当被问及对......有什么看法时，大多数人认为......但是，还有很多人认为......我个人认为...... 2. When it comes to..., some people think that... Others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some truth to both arguments, but... 涉及......这一问题，有的人认为应该......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是...... 3. It is widely acknowledged that...contributed to... Experts argue that China must introduce... But I doubt whether...alone will solve the problem。 人们普遍认为......专家认为中国必须推行......但我对仅仅......就能解决问题表示怀疑。 4. An increasing number of people are joining... In reaction to the phenomenon, some say... But do they realize that...can also lead to... 越来越多的人......进入了......针对这一现象，一些人认为......但是，他们有没有意识到......也能导致...... 5. One of the pressing problem facing our nation (China) today is...and... 我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是...... 6. Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is... 也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是...... 7. Never before in history has the issue of...been more evident than now。 历，......的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。 8. Perhaps it is time to reexamine the idea that... 也许现在是应该重新考虑......的时候了。 9. A growing number of people are beginning to realize that...is not the sole prerequisite for happiness。
英文科技论文写作常用句式
在这篇文章中，我们说明（介绍）了一种……方法 In this work ,we address the problem of +doing sth In this paper , we propose the ... 在这一章节，我们介绍…… In this section , we present ... We demonstrate out algorithm on two tasks : A被认为是B A can be regarded as B 为了这个目的，我们提出了A To this end ,we propose A. 在样本的……和……上都很有效 make effective use of both ...and ...among samples. 当应用到……中的时候When applied to... 通过将……和……结合起来，…… By combining ...and ... , .... A是B中的一个基本问题之一A is one of the fundamental problems in B 目的在于…… Its goal is to do ... We aim at doing... Our target is ... Our basic notion is to do... 为了达到……的目的To achieve ... To achieve this , 因为……，做什么是困难的 As .... , it is very difficult to do .... As..., ir is usually hard to ... Due to ... e.g.:As the variance of object shape and color within an object class can be large,it is very difficult to obtain class-specific features that can describe the object class accurately. 就这点而言，…… In this regard, ... 一方面来说，……，另一方面来说，……On the one hand , ... , on the other hand , ... 1
英文学术论文常用词句
英语学术论文常用词句 1. 常用词汇与短语 差别：gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference 存在，出现：occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present 多数，少数：the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法：approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools 发生率：Incidence, frequency, prevalence 发现，阐明，报道，证实：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation 改变：change, alteration, 高，增加：high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced 各种，多种：in multiple types of, in various types of, in a variety of 关系，相关，参与：closely involved in, associated, 广泛的：in an extensive survey 执行：perform, carry out 降，少，缺：decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed 角色，起作用：role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role） 可能性：feasibility 密切地：intimately 难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)
英文科技论文特点及常用句式
1、研究目的的表示方法 The purpose of this investigation was to ... It was the purpose of the studies reported here to ... The main focus of this study was ... The objective of the present work is to ... The aim of the present study was to ... The present study was aimed at ... The present study was designed to ... The present study is an attempt to ... It was the intent of this study to determine if ... We have embarked on research attempting to ... This study was undertaken with the intent of ... The present investigation was conducted to ... This study was undertaken to ... To gain a better understanding of ... The investigation concentrated on efforts to ... The present study was performed in an effort to ... 2、研究动机的表示方法 Since the early literature contained a few reports of ... Because of the potential importance of ..., we have investigaed ... Because of the economic potential of ..., we decided to study ... Current work in this laboratory ..., stimulated interest in determining some of ... Prompted by ..., we initiated an examination of ... In view of ..., this study was conducted to examine ... The finding of ..., led us to reinvestigate ... A recent report ..., encouraged us to ... Little attention/effort has been given to ... ... are poorly understood ... ... have been poorly characterized ... The question have been raised as to whether or not ... ... the question arose... 3、研究内容的表示方法 This article examines ... This research assessed ... This study documents ... The present work has shown ... This report describes ... The paper presents ... Work presented here introduces ... Our forthcoming studies will establish ... In this report, we report ... Here we describe ... In this report we examine ... In this reprot we describe ...
英语讲座报告
A Report On Intro to American University A lecture was given by a foreign teacher on November 11th. The lecture was about Intro to American universities,including applying for American universities and some other vital information. she talked about Harvard University,Yale University ,Princeton University,Ohio State University,Pennsylvania State University,and University of California Los Angeles. She gave us statistics about the numbers of students in those universities ,Faculty members,Tuition fees,books in libraries ,financial aids. In the mean time we shared charming pictures of these universities. when it is comes to how to apply these universities,she gave us many directions and tips .such as Personal Statement,background,including Show what you know -- understanding of the subject Explain how you got that understanding What special projects or research have you done? academic interests,future goals ,including What are you going to do after graduate school? What job are you hoping to get? How far do you plan on going in your field? Letters of Recommendation,Letters of Recommendation DON’TS,applying for Financial Aid,things to rem ember,and so on! From this lecture i got a lot .and i think it is essential to remember the important things when going abroad . Thing to remember: Read all the requirements for application and understand them. Be aware of deadlines, costs, and minimum tests scores. Communicate with the school if you have trouble. Each program/school will have different requirements. Don’t get confused. Schools want Chinese students to attend so relax and don’t worry too much! I was very interested in this lecture.because,the teacher is very lovely and the topic very interesting. And i loved it. These universities she talked about are all famous around the world and many student's dream either. As a student ,they are my dream too!and in my opinion many of the chinese students love being these universities ,to read famous books,to make friends with foreign students,to learn advanced techniques.and to get a good degree for future work. Personally,i support applying for these universities if it is possible.to see overseas,to know different customs and cultures,to know different people.so it worth the risk to apply for these universities .
英语学术论文写作实践作业
英语学术论文写作实践作业 作者 系（院）外国语学院 专业英语 年级2xxx级 学号 写作意向 旅游的快速发展以及随着中国融入全球化经济，中国与世界各国的交流不断增多，例如，加入WTO、2008年北京成功举办奥运会及上海世博会等，这些显示了中国在国际舞台上扮演越来越重要的角色。近些年来，越来越多的国家希望了解中国，许多外国朋友纷至沓来。特别是中国旅游风景名胜区，每年接待的外国游客越来越多。为了方便外国友人，我国旅游景区就必须提供英语景点导游词。旅游景点导游词主要指的是旅游景区公开和面对旅游者的告示、指示、提示、警示、标示等文字及图形信息，涉及到食、宿、行、游、娱、购等日常生活的方方面面。在旅游景区内，游客最为集中，与旅游宣传册、地图、宣传单等相比，景点导游词更加引人注目集中，更加直截了当地发挥其信息指示功能。由于旅游景点导游词需要及时满足的是社会公众和旅游者的直接社会、行为和心理需求，也反映了生活在这个社会群体的整体文化素质、道德修养和精神面貌，是一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境的具体体现。因此其翻译质量将会响到游客的旅游线路、兴致、感受及印象，进而间接影响我国旅游业的发展。因此，对旅游景点导游词的特点、翻译策略进行探讨具有一定的现实意义。 资料的初步整理 对于英语景点导游词，许多中外学者都做出自己的研究，提出自己的观点。以下是中外学术界的众多研究和观点。 蔡媛媛（2007）《英语景点导游词的语言特点》一文中指出，英语景点导游词具有相应的功能特点。（1）指示性。指示性景点导游词主要是提供给公众一些信息服务，没有任何限制或强制在内，同时也不强制要求公众采取任何行动，其功能只是指示服务内容。因此，指示性景点导游词也被称为指导性或引导性景点导游词。这也是景点导游词最基本、最主要的功能。例如：One Way （单行线）、Tickets （售票处）、Department Store （百货商场）。（2）提示性。提示性景点导游词提示性景点导游词提醒公众注意某些事情，同时提示性景点导游词也并不针对特殊或个别人群。这类景点导游词应用非常广泛，通过提示性景点导游词可以了解什么该做什么不该做，但是这种提示性景点导游词并不具有强制性，公众可根据实际情况来选择执行或不执行。例如：Caution！Radiation（当心射线）、Watch Your Hand（当心夹手）、Don’t Touch（请勿手扶）。（3）限制性。限制性景点导游词对有关公众提出限制或约束的要求，希望有关公众为了大众的利益遵守一定的规则。多数情况下限制性景点导游词语气较为直接，一目了然，但不会让人感到强硬、粗暴或无理。例如：Athletes Only （运动员专用通道）、Large Vehicles Keep Right （大型车靠右）。（4）强制性。强制性景点导游词对有关公众有较大约束力，要求有关公众必须或不得采取任何行动或严格遵守规则。这类景点导游词的语言直接、强制，没有任何商量的余地。例如：No Parking （禁止停车）。 上面是学者对景点导游词特点的研究，对于翻译，颜莉（2008）《英语景点导游词的文体特点及汉英翻译》一文中说到，在进行景点导游词的汉英翻译前，应先了解英语景点导游词的文体特点，这样才能更加准确地将汉语景点导游词译为地道的英语表达方式。代博君（2010）在《景点导游词的语言特征及翻译策略》一文中指出，景点导游词的翻译应属于实用翻译，也称语用翻译。法国翻译理论家Jean Delisle 将语用翻译界定为：运用语用学知识对语用文
英语学术论文写作常用句型
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
学术论文常用英语总结
再也不用愁SCI了，再也不愁论文中的英文怎么写了！！！英语学术论 文常用句型 英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility
knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.
英语学术论文写作课程论文
外国语学院英语系 英语学术论文写作课程论文 题目:The Correlation between English Majors’ English Learning Motivation and Their Learning Strategies 姓名: 学号： 班级：2011级6班 日期: 2013年12月 评 语
成绩 教师签名：
Contents Abstract (i) 摘要 (ii) 1.Introduction (1) 1.1 Background of the Study (1) 1.2 Significance of the Study (2) 1.3 Purpose of the Study (2) 1.4 Overview of the Thesis (2) 2.Literature Review (3) 2.1Research on English Learning Motivation (3) 2.1.1 Definition of ELM (3) 2.1.2 Classification of ELM (4) 2.1.2.1 Integrative Motivation and Instrumental Motivation (4) 2.1.2.2 Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation (5) 2.1.2.3 The Relationship between the Two Motivational Dichotomies.6 2.2 Research on English Learning Strategies (6) 2.2.1 Definition of ELS (7) 2.2.2 Classification of ELS (7) 2.3 Research on the Relationship of English Learning Motivation and English Learning strategies (10) 3. Methodology (11) 3.1Question.... . (11) 3.2 Subjects (12) 3.3 Instruments (12) 3.4 Data Collection (13) 3.5 Data Analysis (13) 4.Results and Discussion (13) 4.1 Results from ELM Questionnaire (13) 4.2 Results from ELS Questionnaire (16)
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型 英文摘要虽然不像公文文体那样程序化,但由于它在语法结构上有较强的倾向性,因此英文摘要许多句型模式出现的频率很高,熟练掌握这些常用句型模式,有助于提高英文摘要写作质量和速度,进而能保证其可读性。下面举一些有代表性和常用的句式供参考。 1)常用于摘要开头部分的有4类。 A. (In this paper,…) The results of A simple method for...cases of The...approach for An attempt to (do)... presented described (through…) is(are) reported (under...) discussed (along with...) analyzed 例如:The results of analyses carried out on the process waters generated during the hydrolysis of oil shale from Rundle, Australia via the Fischer assay retorting process are presented. 对用费希尔试料蒸馏法热解澳大利亚鲁德尔页岩所产生的工业废水提出了分析结果。 B. The chief aim purpose object objective the present study of this investigation the research these studies to obtain… to evaluate… is (was/has been/will be) to find out… to establish… to asses… 例如:The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and utility of tread ill exercise testing prior to the discharge of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. 研究旨在对因急性心肌梗塞住院的患者在出院前进行踏旋器运动试验的安全性与效用做出评价。
研究生英语学术论文写作考试大概
Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up → established Put up with → tolerate looking into → investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up → constitute Get rid of → eliminate keep up → maintain Gone down → decrease thinking → considering Ⅱ. Structure of Data Commentary Data commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1.location elements and/or summary statements 2.highlighting statements 3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data 可能涉及到排序题，有例如下： ①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software. ①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→Implications Ⅲ.信息性摘要 An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information. 信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。它是论文全文的高度浓缩，相当于论文的简介或概要，但它又不是简单对原文篇幅进行按比例的缩减，而是要进行深入加工。 比较流行的信息性摘要架构有： ①Objective→Methodology→Results→Conclusions ②Background→Purpose and aim→Methods→Results→Conclusions
英文学术论文写作技巧(写作常用句型)
英文学术论文写作技巧（常用句型） 用英语写学术论文的目的主要有两个，一是参加国际学术会议，在会议上宣讲，促进学术交流；二是在国际学术刊物上发表，使国外同行了解自己的研究成果，同样也是出于学术交流的目的。不同的学科或领域、不同的刊物对论文的格式有不同的要求，但各个领域的研究论文在文体和语言特点上都有许多共性。了解了这些语言共性，便会起到触类旁通的作用。 对我国青年学者或学生来说，用英语写作的难点不是没有写作材料，不是不熟悉专业词汇，也不是没有打下良好的英语基础。用英语写论文难，是因为不太了解学术英语的语言特点。关于学术英语写作的语言技巧，我们已在第一部分作了较详细的介绍。此部分讨论学术论文写作的方法，包括学术论文写作中常用的句型结构，我们都在此作较详细介绍，以便读者模仿练习，将写作工作化难为易。 一般来说，一篇完整规范的学术论文由以下各部分构成： Title(标题) Abstract(摘要) Keywords(关键词) Table of contents(目录) Nomenclature(术语表) Introduction(引言) Method(方法) Results(结果) Discussion(讨论) Conclusion(结论) Acknowledgement(致谢) Reference(参考文献) Appendix(附录) 其中Title，Abstract，Introduction，Method，Result，Discussion，
Conclusion，Reference等八项内容是必不可少的(其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中，读者最多的是Title，Abstract和Introduction部分，读者会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说，一篇研究论文赢得读者的多少，在很大程度上取决于Title，Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。因此这三项内容将各分章详细加以讲述。 学术论文的正文一般包括Method，Result，Discussion三个部分。这三部分主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法，研究过程中所使用的设备、仪器、条件，并如实公布有关数据和研究结果等。Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性，反映一个研究课题的价值，同时提出以后的研究方向。 标题的写法 论文标题是全文内容的缩影。读者通过标题便能够预测论文的主要内容和作者的意图，从而决定是否阅读全文。因此，为了使文章赢得有关领域里众多的读者，论文的标题必须用最精炼的语言恰如其分地体现全文的主题和核心。本章主要探讨英语学术论文标题的语言特点及写法。 6.1 标题的长度 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等 1) Fire Resistant Steels for Construction: Design, Properties and Microchemistry 9 6 1 2 2) Damping Capacity of Shape Memory Alloy 6 5 1 0 3) Microelectronic Assembly and Packaging Technology: Barriers and Needs 8 5 0 3 14) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Survey 6 4 0 2 5) Progress on Fuel Cell and Its Materials 7 4 1 2 6) Computer Simulation and Experimental Study on Cold Shut During Mold Filling 11 5 2 4 英语科技论文中，标题不宜过长，大多为8—12个单词左右。表6.1和表6.2 列出了一些学术论文的标题的字数及词性统计资料。 表6.1 学术论文标题中字数及词性统计(一) 标题单词总数名词数介词数形容词等