HP Piping( 高压管汇介绍)
外销员考试外贸外语辅导：管道词汇缩写
-A Anchor 固定 ABS *Absolute 绝对的 AISI *American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会 ANSI *American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会 API *American Petroleum Institute 美国⽯油学会 APPROX *Approximate ⼤约，近似的 ASB Asbestos ⽯棉 ASME *American Society Of Testing Material 美国机械⼯程师协会 ASSY *Assembly 装配，组装 ASTM *American Society Of Testing Material 美国材料实验协会 ATM *Atmosphere ⼤⽓压 AWG *American Wire Gage 美国线规 AWS *American Wel**** Society 美国焊接协会 AWWA *American Water Works Association 美国⽔⼯协会 B BB Bolted Bonnet 栓柱连接的阀盖 BB By Buyer 买⽅供货 B-B Beveled End-Beveled End 两端为坡⼝端 BC Bolt Circle 螺栓中⼼圆 B.C Bolted Cover(cap) 螺栓连接的阀兰盖（帽） BE Beveled End (for wel****) 坡⼝（焊接⽤） B.E Bell End 承⼝ BEP Both Ends Plain 两端平 BET Both Ends Threaded 两端带螺纹 BL Battery Limit 装置区边界 BF Blind Flange 法兰盖 BLD Blind 盲板 BLDG *Buil**** 建筑物 BM Bill Of Material 材料表 BOP Bottom Of Pipe 管底 B-P Beveled End —Plain End 坡⼝端.平端 BV Butterfly valve 蝶阀 BWG * Birmingham Wire Gage 伯明翰线规 BW Butt Weld 对焊 C C Cap 管帽 C-C Center to Center 中⾄中 C-E Center to End 中⾄端⾯ C-F Center to Face 中⾄⾯ CH-OP Chain Operated 链条操纵的 CH.PL Checkered Plate 花纹钢管 C.I *Cast Iron 铸铁 CL *Class 英制压⼒等级，等级，种类 CLEAR Clearance 间隙 COD Continued on Drawing 接续图 COL *Column 柱，塔 CONC Concentric 同⼼的 CONN Connection 连接，接⼝ CONT *Continue 连续 CONT.V. Control Valve 控制阀 CPLG Coupling 管接头，连轴节 C.R. Concentric Reducer 同⼼异径管 C.S. *Carbon Steel 碳钢 C.S. Cold Spring 冷紧 CUST Customer 客 C.V Check Valve ⽌回阀 D DEG *Degree 度 DF Drain funnel 排液漏⽃ DIA *Diameter 直径 DIM *Dimension 尺⼨ DISCH *Discharge 出⼝，排出 Diaphragm VELVE 隔膜阀 DMF Double Male And Female 双重凹凸 DN *Double Male And Female 公称直径 DN Down 下 DR Drain 排液 DS Directional Stop 定向限为架 DWG *Drawing 图 E E *East 东 EC External Coating 外⾯涂防腐层 ECC Eccentric 偏⼼ EFW Electric Fusion Welded 电容焊的 EL(ELEV) *Elevation 标⾼；⽴⾯ ELL Elbow 弯头 EQIOP Equipment 设备，装置 EQUIV Equivalent 相当的 E.R. Eccentric Reducer 偏⼼异经管 ERW Electric Resistance Welded 电阻焊的 EW Eye Washer & Shower 洗眼器及淋浴器 EXP.JT Expansion Joint 膨胀节 F FDN Foundation 基础 FF Flat Faced Or Full Faced 全平⾯；满平⾯ F-F Face To Face ⾯⾄⾯ FGW Fusion Gas Wel**** ⽓熔焊 FIG *Figure 图 FL Floor 楼⾯ FLEX TUBE Flexible Tube 挠性管 FLG Flange 法兰 FLGD Flanged 法兰式的 FLGF Flanged Face 法兰⾯ FOB Flat On Bottom 底⾯平 FOT Flat On Top 顶⾯平 FP Fix Point 固定点 FS Forged Steel 锻钢 FTF Fitting To Fitting 管件直连 FTG Fitting 管件 FURND Furnished 提供的，装设的 FW Field Weld 现伤焊 G G Guide 导向 GA *Gage 表，表压，规（线规） GALV *Galvanize 镀锌 GL Ground Level 地⾯ GLV Globe Valve 截⽌阀 GEAR OP Gear Operated 齿轮传动的 GMAW Gas Metal Arc Wel**** ⾦属极惰⽓体保护焊 GSKT Gasket 垫⽚ GTAW (Inert)Gas Tungsten Arc Wel**** 惰性⽓体保护钨极电弧焊 GV Gate Valve 闸阀 H H Hanger 吊架 HDR Header 总管 HEX *Hexagon 六⾓形 HF Hard Alloy Face on阀内件（阀⼼）为 Valve Trim 硬质合⾦密封⾯ HH Hand Pole ⼿孔 HOR Horizontal ⽔平的 H.P *High Pressure ⾼压 HS Hose Station 软管 I ID *Inside Diameter 内径 IN *Inch 英⼨ INS Insulation 隔热 INST Instrument 仪表 INV Invert (inside bottom of pipe) 管⼦内底 IPS Iron Pipe size 铁管尺⼨ ISO Isometric Drawing 周测图（空视图） I.S.B.L Inside Battery Limit 装置边界内恻 ISNS Inside screw & Non-rising Stem 内螺纹⾮升杆 ISRS Inside screw & Rising stem 内螺纹升杆 J JT Joint 接头 JS Jack Screw 顶开（起）螺栓 L LC Locked Closed 在关闭状态下锁定 LEP Large end plain ⼤端为平的 LET Large end Threaded ⼤端带螺纹 LG Long 长 LGF Lens Gasket Face 透镜垫连接⾯ L.H.THD Left Hand Thread 左螺纹 LIFT Lift Type 升降式 LJ Lap Joint 搭接 LJF Lap Joint Flange 松套法兰 LO Locked Open 在开启状态下锁定 L.P. Low Pressure 低压 LR Long Radius 长半径 LRE Long Radius Elbow 长半径弯头 LTG Large Tongue & Groove ⼤椎槽 M MATL Material 材料 MAX Maximum MB Machine Bolt 机器螺栓（单头） MF Male and Female 凸和凹 MFG Manufacture 制造 MF *Manufacture 制造⼚ MH Manhole ⼈孔 MI Malleable Iron 可锻铸铁 MIN *Minimum 最⼩ MJ Mechanical Joint 机械接头 M.L Match Line 连续线 MSS * Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. 美国阀门和管件制造商标准化协会 MTO Material take-off 材料统计 MW Minimum Wall 最⼩壁厚 M.W. Mineral Wool 矿（物）棉 N N *North 北 NB Nominal Bore 公称孔径 N.B. Non-Bonnet ⽆阀盖 NC Normally Closed 常闭 NIP Nipple 短管 NO INS No Insulation 不隔热 NOM Nominal 公称的；额定的 NOZ Nozzle 管⼝ NPS Nominal Pipe Size 公称管径 NPSH Net Positive Suction Head 净正吸⼊压头 NPT *American National Taper 美国锥管螺纹 Pipe Thread NS Nominal Size 公称直径 NV Needle Valve 针形阀 O OD *Outside Diameter 外径 OET One end Threaded ⼀端带螺纹 OR Outside Radius 外半径 ORF Orifice 孔板 ORIENT Orientation ⽅位 OS & Y Outside Screw and Yoke 外螺纹阀杆和阀轭 OSNB Outside Screw Non-Bonnet 外螺纹⽆阀盖 P P Plug 堵头 PAP Piping Arrangement Plan 管道布置平⾯图 PB Pressure Seal Bonnet 压⼒密封的阀盖 P-B Plain End –Bevel End 平端—坡⼝端 PC Pressure Seal Cap 压⼒密封的阀帽 P.C.D. Pitch Circle Diameter 节圆直径 PE Plain End (not beveled) 平端（⽆坡⼝） PF Platform 平台 PID Piping & Instrument Diagram管道及仪表流程图 PN *Nominal Pressure 公称压⼒ PN Plant North ⼯⼚北向 POS point of Support ⽀承点 P-P Plain End—Plain End 两端为平端 PREP Preparation 加⼯准备 PSIA *Pounds Per Square Inch Absolute 磅/ PSIG Pounds Per Square Inch Gage 磅/ PT Point 点 PTFE *Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟⼄烯 PT.NO Part No. 件号 PV Plug Valve 旋塞阀 PVC *Poly Vinyl Chloride 聚氯⼄烯 Q QTY *Quantity 数量 R R *Radius 半径 RED Reducer 异径管 REF Reference 参考 REINF Reinforce 加强 REQD Required 需要；申请 REV *Revision 修改 RF Raised Face 凸⾯ RG Ring Gasket 环形垫⽚ R.H.THD Right Hand Thread 右螺旋 RJ Ring Joint 环垫接头 RO Restriction Orifice 限流孔板 RPM *Revolutions Per Minute 转/分 RPS *Revolutions Per Second 转/秒 RS Resting Support ⽀承架，滑动架 RTJ Ring Type Joint（见RJ） RV Relief Valve 安全泄液阀- S Spring 弹簧（管架⽤） SAW (Automatic)Submerged Arc Wel**** ⾃动埋弧焊 SB Stud Bolt 双头螺栓 SB Screwed Bonnet 螺纹阀盖 SC Sample Cooler 取样冷却器 SCH *Schedule 管壁厚系列号 SCRD Screwed 螺纹 SEP Small end Plain ⼩端为平的 SET Small end Threaded ⼩端带螺纹 SF Semi-Finished 半光 SG Sight Glass 视镜 SH Surface Hard Facing 硬质密封⾯ SK Sketch 草图 SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Wel**** 有保护的⾦属电弧焊 SMLS Seamless ⽆缝 SN Swaged Nipple 异径短管 SO Slip – On 滑套 SOF Slip – On Flange 滑套法兰 SPEC *Specification 规定，说明 SPL Sound Pressure Lever 升压⽔准 SQ *Square ⽅的，平⽅ SR Shout Radius 短半径 SRE Short Radius Elbow 短半径弯头 SS *Stainless Steel 不锈钢 ST Steam Trap 蒸汽疏⽔阀 STD *Standard 标准 STG Small Tongue & Groove ⼩椎槽⾯ STL *Steel 钢 STM Steam 蒸汽 STM.TR Steam Tracing 蒸汽拌热 SUCT Suction 吸⼊⼝ SV Safety Valve 安全泄⽓阀 SW Socket Weld 承插焊 SWG Swage 锻造，模锻 SWMG Swing Type 旋启式 SYM Symmetrical 对称的 T T Tee 三通 TE Threaded End 螺纹端 TEMP *Temperature 温度 TG Tongue & Groove 椎槽 THD *Threaded 螺纹的 THK *Thickness 厚度 TL Tangent Line 切线 TN True North 真实北向 TOC Top of Concrete 混凝⼟北向 Top of pipe 管顶 TOS Top of Support ⽀架顶⾯ Top of Steel 钢结构顶⾯ TYP Typical 典型的 U UB Union Bonnet 带活接头的阀盖 UC Union Cap 带活接头的阀帽 UN Union 活接头 V V Valve 阀 VAC Vacuum 真空 VAR Variable 可变的 VERT Vertical 垂直的 VOL *Volume 卷，册，容量，体积 WB Weld Branch 焊接⽀管 WC Weld Cap 焊接管帽 WD Width 宽度 WE Weld End 焊接端 WL Wel**** Line 焊接线 WN Wel**** Neck 对焊法兰（颈部） WNF Weld Neck Flange 对焊法兰 WP Working Pressure ⼯作压⼒ W.P. Working Point ⼯作点 WT Wall Thickness 壁厚 Weight 重量 X XH Extra Heavy 加强的，加厚的 XXH Double Extra Heavy 双倍加强（厚）的 XS Extra Strong 加强的 XXS Double Extra Strong 双倍加强的 Y YP Yield Point 屈服点。
专业术语英语(管道)
管道专业术语1 总则1.1 为了确保压力管道设计质量，规范压力管道配管术语，特制定本规定。
1.2 本规定适用于本公司压力管道前期设计(基础设计)文件和施工图设计文件的设计。
1.3 引用标准 《石油化工企业配管工程术语》(SH/T3051)。
2 一般部分2.1 配管 piping 按工艺流程、生产操作、施工、维修等要求进行的管道组装。
2.2 公称直径 nominal diameter 表征管子、管件、阀门等口径的名义内直径。
2.3 公称压力 nominal pressure 管子、管件、阀门等在规定温度下允许承受的以压力等级表示的工作压力。
2.4 工作压力 working pressure 管子、管件、阀门等在正常操作条件下承受的压力。
2.5 设计压力 design pressure 在正常操作过程中①,在相应设计温度下，管道可能承受的最高工作压力 2.6 强度试验压力 strength test pressure 管道强度试验的规定压力。
2.7 密封试验压力(严密性试验压力) sea1 test pressure 管道密封试验的规定压力。
2.8 工作温度 working temperature 管道在正常操作条件下的温度。
2.9 设计温度 design temperature 在正常操作过程中①，在相应设计压力下，管道可能承受的最高或最低温度。
2.10 适用介质 suitable medium 在正常操作条件下，适合于管道材料的介质。
3 管子与管道3.1 管子 pipe 一般为长度远大于直径的圆筒体，是管道的主要组成部分。
3.2 管道(管路) piping (pipe line) 由管子、管件、阀门等连接成的，输送流体或传递流体压力的通道口。
3.3 管道系统（管系） piping system 单独一组设计条件相互联系的管道。
3.4 管道组成件 piping components 连接或装配成管道系统的元件，包括管子、管件、法兰、阀门、支撑件以及补偿器等。
汽轮机安装实用英语词汇
汽轮机turbine 发电机generator本体proper高压缸H.P. Cylinder中压缸I.P. Cylinder低压缸L.P. Cylinder转子rotor定子stator轴shaft轴承bearing对轮coupling联轴器coupling主汽门main steam valve中联门middle connectionvalve轴封加热器gland steamheater高压加热器HP heater低压加热器LP heater除氧器deaerator减温器desuperheater再热器reheater过热器superheater冷段cold reheaterpipe(CRH)热段hot reheater pipe (HRH)隔板diaphragm , partion plate,推力xxthrust bearing死点、静点dead center 猫爪cylinder foot缸洼窝cylinder bore假轴dummy shaft油档oil baffle油封oil seal刚性联轴器fast coupling 油壶oil can黄油枪grease gun油杯grease cup油分离器oil separator 振动表vibration meter打磨grinding细研磨lap安装erect(v.),组合assemble 解体disassemble轴枕(xx)pillow组装、制作fabricate(v.)/ fabrication (n.)预组合、预制prefabricate(v.)/prefabricatio n(n.)备用standby备件spares轴向的axial振动vibration调整adjustment校正、找正alignment盘车gearing辅机auxiliaryequipment辅汽auxiliary steam气动pneumaticxxbypass高压xxHP bypass过热器出口集箱superheater outlet header 疏水扩容器drain flash tank再热器xx集箱reheater inlet header疏水罐drain pot泵pump主给水泵main FWP前置泵booster pump锅炉疏水放气boiler vents and drains锅炉给水泵boiler feedwater pump (BFP)循环水泵circulation water pump(CWP)凝结水泵condensate pump给水feed water高加三/四通阀valve控制阀control valve疏水阀drain valve球阀globe valve 截止阀stop valve 手动控制阀hand control valve再热（热段）管道hot reheat steam ping 再热（冷段）管道cold reheat steam ping 汽机高压旁路管道the HP bypass ping bypass ping高压给水管道the HPfeed water ping减温水管道thedesuperheating water ping辅助蒸汽管道theauxiliary steam ping轴封供汽及轴封门杆漏汽管道the gland steam supply andexhaust ping中低压给水管道theMP&LP feed water ping高加疏水管道the HPheater drain pingxx管道thecondensate ping给水再循环管道the feedwater recircling ping除盐水管道the demineralization water ping锅炉疏水排污管道boiler drain & blowdown ping循环水管道the circulating water ping胶球清洗管道the condenser cleaned by glue ball system ping抽真空管道the vacuum ping本体疏放水管道the proper drain water ping汽机本体润滑油管道the turbine lubricating oil ping 连排蒸汽管道continous blowdown seam ping低加疏水管道LP heater drain ping排汽管道exhaust ping工业水管道the service water ping循环xx管道thecooling water ping其它管道the other ping抽汽止回阀控制汽管道ping 汽机本体油净化管道turbine lube oil clean ping高压工业用汽管道HP process ping弯头elbow膨胀节expansion joint大小头reducer三通Teexxflange封头head plate阀门valve接管座socket流量孔板flow orifice节流孔板throttle orifice 蠕胀测点creep measurement point支吊架support弹簧spring垫片washer/ gasket螺栓bolt螺母nut丝杆rod位移displacement机械加速澄清xx mechanical clarifier树脂resin树脂捕捉器resin trap 阴床anion exchanger阳床cation exchanger 混床mixed bed活性碳activated carbon 中和池neutralisation pit 胶球清洗glue ballcleaning加药dosing化学药品chemical取样sampling预处理pretreatment曝气池aerator搅拌机agitator刮泥机scraper生活水泵房potable waterpump house废水处理waste water 葫芦chain block，chain hoist扳手spanner , wrench 磨光机grinding machine,锤子hammer, monkey 钳子pliers , clipper 挫刀file 手锯hand saw,锯条saw blade 油石hone , oil stone 砂纸sand paper , abrasive paper , emery paper 钢丝刷wire brush 卷尺tape meter, probe 塞尺filler gauge, feeler probe，feeler gage。
热能与动力工程专用英语词汇二（汽机部分）
热能与动⼒⼯程专⽤英语词汇⼆（汽机部分）汽机部分汽轮机steam turbine⾼压汽缸high-pressure(HP) cylinder凝汽式汽轮机condensing steam turbine中压汽缸intermediate-pressure(IP) cylinder亚临界压⼒汽轮机subcritical pressure turbine低压汽缸low-pressure(LP) cylinder 汽缸台板（底板）cylinder sole pin汽轮机转⼦turbine rotor 汽封steam seal gland, steam sealing叶轮blade disc 轴承⽀架bearing stoll, bearing bracket叶⽚blade, bucket主油泵main oil pump喷嘴nozzle备⽤油泵emergency bearing oil pump固定螺钉dowel交流润滑油泵AC lube oil pump注油器oil injector直流润滑油泵DC lube oil pump喷油嘴oil nozzle ⾼位油箱head oil tank, elevated oil tank杠杆lever凝汽器condenser轴shaft管板tube plate弹簧spring热⽔井hot well凝汽器喉部condenser throat凝结⽔泵condensate pump泵壳pump casing低压加热器low-pressure feed water heater⾼压加热器high-pressure feed water heater除氧器deaerator除氧⽔箱deaerated water tank除盐⽔箱demineralized water tank汽动给⽔泵steam-driven feed water pump前置⽔泵booster pump给⽔泵feed water pump 疏⽔泵drain pump⽔室water chamber 疏⽔扩容器drain flash tank挡板baffle plate 封头end cover真空泵vaccum pump⼯业⽔泵industrial water pump, service waterpump收球⽹ball screen胶球泵rubber ball recirculating pump主蒸汽系统main steam system⽀撑斜钢supporting wedge再热蒸汽系统reheat steam syetem⾃然通风冷却塔natural draft cooling tower抽汽系统extraction steam system 主蒸汽管道main steam piping, live steam piping轴封shaft seal真空系统vaccum system凝结⽔系统condensate system再热蒸汽管道reheat steam system给⽔系统feed water system循环⽔系统circulating water system供油系统oil supply system⼯业⽔系统industrial water system, service watersystem抽汽管道steam extraction pipe供汽联箱steam header压缩空⽓管道compressed air piping疏⽔管道drain water piping 氢⽓管道hydrogen piping凝结⽔管道condensate piping 循环⽔管道circulating water piping冷却⽔管道cooling water piping 给⽔管道feed water piping润滑油管lube oil piping除盐⽔管道demineralized water piping旁路门bypass valve减温⽔管道attemperating water piping球型阀globe valve再循环⽔管道recirculating water piping闸板阀gate valve排⽔管道water discharge piping疏⽔阀drain valve⾼压主汽门high-pressure main stop valve蝶阀butterfly valve中压主汽门intermediate pressure main stop valve转速rotating speed, revolution 热效率thermal efficiency, heat efficiency过热度superheat degree新蒸汽压⼒initial steam pressure, live steampressure温差temperature difference开启opening再热蒸汽冷段压⼒cold reheated steam pressure关闭closing再热蒸汽热段压⼒hot reheated steam pressure启动starting-up再热蒸汽热段温度hot reheated steam temperature停⽌shutting down再热蒸汽冷段温度cold reheated steam temperature检查inspection, examination低压缸排汽流量low-pressure cylinder exhaust steamflow巡检routing inspection再热蒸汽流量reheated steam flow主蒸汽流量steam flow 法兰加热flange heating螺栓加热bolt heating正常状态normal condition清洗cleaning操作operation酸洗acid cleaning, pickling解体disassembly组装assembly检修maintenance拆开dismantling 汽缸扣盖cylinder covering变形deformation ⽑刺burr裂纹crack锈蚀rusting壁厚wall thickness同⼼concentricity找正centering垫铁iron cushion, packing iron plate,adjusting pad找中⼼alignment台板sole plate天车turbine hall overhead crane管束tube bundle 汽机基座turbine pedestal流量flow抽汽量steam extraction capacity海⽔sea water保温材料heat insulating material防腐anti-corrosion。
船舶管路分色工艺
管道词汇(中英文对照)解析
1.conpensator 补偿器(它能够补偿管道的热变形,机械变形和吸收各种机械振动，起到降低管道变形应力和提高管道使用寿命的作用。
)２．ST。
PIPING 标准钢管３．REF LAYOUT 设计参考图（我觉得后面的数字应该是图纸编号，而不是什么标准）４．CS应该是carbon steel－碳钢5. BF（BLIND FLANGE)：法兰盖（盲法兰）RF(RAISED FLANGE)：凸面法兰LR和SR应该是两种不同的连接代号，你可以咨询一下技术人员。
WNRF FLANGE （WELD-NECK RAISED FACE FLANGE）：带颈对接法兰SORF FLANGE（SLIP-ON RAISED FACE FLANGE):平焊滑节法兰～～～～～～~~~～～～～～～～~~～～～～～～～~～～~~～～~～~～～～～～~以下是我收集的一些钢管词汇，希望对楼主有用！“A”值是指弯头的高度airbrake hose气制动软管alloy steel pipe合金钢管ANSI 美国国家标准arithmetical average roughness height （AARH）算术平均粗糙高度ASTM 美国材料与试验协会标准API 美国石油学会标准ateral （reducing on one run）45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径）45° l austenitic stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管AWS 美国焊接协会标准base elbow带支座弯头base tee带支座三通bell end承口bell and spigot joint承插连接（接头)Bend弯管BENT ELBOW 弯头beveled end (BE) 坡口端bevel for combined thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss外侧厚度切斜角BLIND 盲板法兰；盲法兰blind flange法兰盖bolt circle （B。
管件英文缩写全abbreviationsofpipefittings
管件英文缩写大全abbreviations of pipe fittingsA Anchor 固定ABS 绝对AG 石棉垫片Asbestos gasketAISI American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会AL 铝AluminumANNY 退火AnnealedANSI American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会API American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会APP 约、近似ApproximateAPPROX Approximate 大约，近似的APPX 附录AppendixAS 合金钢Alloy steelASB Asbestos 石棉ASI 美国规格学会标准ASME American Society Of Mechanical Engineers美国机械工程师协会ASME 美国机械工程师学会标准Association 美国水工协会ASSY Assembly 装配，组装ASTM American Society Of Testing Material 美国材料实验协会ASTM 美国材料实验协会标准AT 酸洗ATM Atmosphere 大气压AUST 奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless-steelAUT 自动AutomaticAV 角阀AVG 平均AverageAW 电弧焊Arc weldingAWG American Wire Gage 美国线规AWS American Weld Society 美国焊接协会AWS 美国焊接协会标准AWWA American Water WorksB.C Bolted Cover(cap) 螺栓连接的阀兰盖（帽）B.E Bell End 承口BAV 球阀Ball valveB-B Beveled End-Beveled End 两头为坡口端BB Bolted Bonnet 栓柱连接的阀盖BC Bolt Circle 螺栓中心圆BC 螺栓散布圆Bolt circleBCT 螺栓冷紧Bolt cold tighteningBE Beveled End (for weld) 坡口（焊接用）BE 坡口端Beveled endBEDD 基础工程设计数据Basic engineering design data BEP Both Ends Plain 两头平BET Both Ends Threaded 两头带螺纹BF Blind Flange 盲板法兰BF 法兰盖（日法兰）Blind flangeBHY 螺栓热紧Bolt hot tighteningBL Battery Limit 装置区边界BL 装置边界限Battery limit lineBLD Blind 盲板BLDG Building 建筑物BLDG 建筑物BuildingBLF beveled long end 大端开坡口BLK 盲板BlankBM Bill Of Material 材料表BOP Bottom Of Pipe 管底BOP 管底Bottom of pipeBOS 支架底Bottom of supportB-P Beveled End —Plain End 坡口端.平端BRS 黄铜BrassBRZ 青铜BronzeBS 英国国家标准BSE 小端开坡口BU 内外螺纹接头BushingBUV 蝶阀Butterfly valveBV Ball Valve球阀BV Butterfly valve 蝶阀BV 呼吸阀Breather valveBW Butt Weld 对焊BW 对焊Butt weldingBWF butt weld flange 对焊法兰BWG Birmingham Wire Gage 伯明翰线规C Cap 管帽C 保冷Cold insulationC.I Cast Iron 铸铁C.R. Concentric Reducer 同心异径管C.S. Carbon Steel 碳钢C.S. Cold Spring 冷紧C.S.C. Car Seal Close 在关闭状态下封住C.V Check Valve 止回阀CA 侵蚀裕度Corrosion allowance CAS 中国标准化协会标准CAS 铸钢Cast steelCB 中国造船总公司标准C-C Center to Center 中至中C-E Center to End 中至端面CE 焊条Covered electrodeC-F Center to Face 中至面CH.PL Checkered Plate 花纹钢管CH-OP Chain Operated 链条操纵的CHOP 链条操作Chain operated CHV 止回阀Check valveCI Cast Iron铸铁CI 铸铁Cast ironCL Class 英制压力品级，品级，种类CL 品级ClassCL 净距（净空）ClearanceCL(屯) 中心线Center lineCLAS 低合金铸钢Cast low alloy steel CLEAR Clearance 间隙CM 色标Colour markCN 建北Construction northCO 清洗口Clean outCOD Continued on Drawing 接续图COFF 围堰CofferdamCOL Column 柱，塔CONC Concentric 同心的CONN Connection 连接，接口CONT.V. Control Valve 操纵阀COP 管中心Center of pipeCP 管帽（封头）CapCPL 管箍CouplingCPLG Coupling 管接头，连轴节CR 同心异径管接头（同心大小头）Concentric reducer CS CARBON STEEL 碳钢CS 碳钢Carbon steelCSC 铅封关Car seal closeCSO 铅封开Car seal openCSP 冷紧Cold springCTC 中心至中心Center to centerCTE 中心至端部Center to endCTF 中心至面Center to faceCU 紫铜CopperCUST Customer 客CV Check Valve 止回阀CV 调剂阀Control valveCVA 中国阀门行业标准CW 持续焊Continuous weldingD 直径DiameterDEDD 详细工程设计数据Detail engineering design data DEG Degree 度DF Drain funnel 排液漏斗DF 排液漏斗Drain funnelDI 球墨铸铁Ductile ironDIA Diameter 直径Diaphragm VELVE 隔膜阀DIM Dimension 尺寸DIM 尺寸DimensionDIN 德国国家标准DIS 排出（口）DischargeDISCH Discharge 出口，排出DMF Double Male And Female 双重凹凸DN Down 下DN Nominal Diameter公称直径DN 公称直径Nominal diameterDR Drain 排液DR 排液DrainDRL--double random length (也确实是12米左右) DS Directional Stop 定向限为架DTL 详图DetailDV 隔膜阀DWG Drawing 图DWGI 所在图号Drawing identificationDWGNO 图号Drawing numberE 东EastE.R. Eccentric Reducer 偏心异经管EC External Coating 外面涂防腐层ECC Eccentric 偏心EFW Electric Fusion Welded 电容焊的EFW 电熔焊Electric fusion weldingEIT 检查、探伤和实验Examination, inspection & testing EJ （原）核工业部标准EJ 补偿器Expansion jointEL 标高ElevationEL 弯头ElbowEL(ELEV) Elevation 标高；立面ELL Elbow 弯头ELL 长半径弯头Long radius elbowELS 短半径弯头Short radius elbowEQIOP Equipment 设备，装置EQUIV Equivalent 相当的ER 偏心异径管接头（偏心大小头）Eccentric reducer ERW Electric Resistance Welded 电阻焊的ERW PIPE: 是高频直缝焊管ERW 电阻焊Electric Resistance weldingESEW 事故洗澡洗眼器Emergency shower and eye washer EST 蒸汽外伴热External steam tracingET 电伴热Electric tracingETE 端到端End to endEW Eye Washer & Shower 洗眼器及淋浴器EXP.JT Expansion Joint 膨胀节F 现场FieldF/F 现场制造Field fabricatedFF 全平面密封Flate FaceFA 阻火器Flame arresterFC flange cover 法兰盖FCPL 双头管箍Full couplingFDN Foundation 基础FEF 法兰端面Flange and faceF-F Face To Face 面至面FF Flat Faced Or Full Faced 全平面；满平面FF Full Face 平面管道法兰FF 全平面Flat faceFGW Fusion Gas Weld 气熔焊FIG Figure 图FL Floor 楼面FL 楼板FloorFLAS 低合金锻钢Forged low alloy steel FLEX TUBE Flexible Tube 挠性管FLG Flange 法兰FLGD Flanged 法兰式的FLGF Flanged Face 法兰面FM 凹面密封FMG 金属平垫片Flat metallic gasket FOB Flat On Bottom 底面平FOB 底平Flat on bottomFOT Flat On T op 顶面平FOT 顶平Flat on topFP Fix Point 固定点FS Forged Steel 锻钢FS 锻钢Forged steelFSF 法兰密封面Flange scaling face FTF Fitting To Fitting 管件直连FTF 面到面Face to faceFTG Fitting 管件FURND Furnished 提供的，装设的FW Field Weld 现伤焊FW 现场焊接Field weldingG Guide 导向G 表压G 垫片GasketGA Gage 表，表压，规（线规）GALV Galvanize 镀锌GB 国家标准GB/T 国家推荐标准GBn 国家标准（内部发行）GEAR OP Gear Operated 齿轮传动的GF 槽面Groove faceGJB 国家军用标准GL Ground Level 地面GLV Globe Valve 截止阀GLV 截止阀Globe valveGMAW Gas Metal Arc Weld 金属极惰气体爱惜焊GR.B.--grade b（B品级）GRD 地坪GroundGSAW 气体爱惜电弧焊Gas shielded-arc weldingGSKT Gasket 垫片GTAW (Inert)Gas Tungsten Arc Weld 惰性气体爱惜钨极电弧焊GV Gate Valve 闸阀GV Globe Valve 球心阀GV 闸阀Gate valveGW 气焊Gas weldingH Hanger 吊架H 保温Hot insulationH 高压管、管件及紧固件通用设计标准H 水平HorizontalH.CPLG Half Coupling 半节管接头H.P High Pressure 高压HADT 硬度实验Hardness testing HB 布氏硬度Brinnel hardnessHB 航空工业部标准HC Hose Connection 软管接头HC 软管接头Hose couplerHCPL 单头管箍Half couplingHDR Header 总管HEX Hexagon 六角形HF Hard Alloy Face on阀内件（阀心）HG 化学工业部标准HH Hand Hole 手孔HOR Horizontal 水平的HP 高点High pointHP 高压HS Hose Station 软管HS 软管站Hose stationHT 热处置Heat treatmentHYDT 水压实验Hydraulic testingI.S.B.L Inside Battery Limit 装置边界内恻ID Inside Diameter 内径ID 内径Inside diameterIN Inch 英寸INF 信息（资料）InformationINS Insulation 隔热INS 隔热Thermal insulationINST Instrument 仪表INV Invert (inside bottom of pipe) 管子内底IPS Iron Pipe size 铁管尺寸IR 内定位环Inner ringIR/OR 内外定位环Inner ring and outer ring ISNS Inside screw & Non-rising Stem 内螺纹非升杆ISO Isometric Drawing 周测图（空视图）ISO 国际标准ISRS Inside screw & Rising stem 内螺纹升杆IST 蒸汽内伴热Internal steam tracingJB 机械行业标准（原）机械工业部标准JB/TQ 机械电子工业部通用机械行业内部标准JB/Z （原）机械工业部指导性文件JC 国家建材局标准JIS 日本工业标准JJC 国家计量局标准JOB. No. 工号Job NumberJPI 日本石油学会标准JS Jack Screw 顶开（起）螺栓JT Joint 接头JZ、JG 城乡环境爱惜部标准L.H.THD Left Hand Thread 左螺纹L.P. Low Pressure 低压LAS 低合金钢Low alloy steelLC Locked Closed 在关闭状态下锁定LC 锁闭Lock closedLD 劳动人事部标准LEP Large end plain 大端为平的LER 透镜式金属环垫Lens ring gasket LET Large end Threaded 大端带螺纹LF 凹面Female faceLG Long 长LGF Lens Gasket Face 透镜垫连接面LIFT Lift Type 起落式LJ Lap Joint 搭接LJ 松套法兰Lapped joint flangeLJF Lap Joint Flange 松套法兰LM 管道混合器Line mixerLM 凸面Male faceLO Locked Open 在开启状态下锁定LO 锁开Lock openLOW 材料表List of materialLP 低点Low pointLP 松套法兰LPI (PT) 液体渗透查验Liquid penetrate inspection (test) LR Long Radius 长半径LRE Long Radius Elbow 长半径弯头LT 斜三通Lateral teeLTG Large Tongue & Groove 大椎槽LW 搭接焊Lap weldingM 金属材料Metallic materialM.L Match Line 持续线M.W. Mineral Wool 矿（物）棉MATL Material 材料MAX Maximum 最大MB Machine Bolt 机械螺栓（单头）MEL 斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头）Mitre elbowMF Male and Female 凸和凹MF Manufacture 制造厂MFF 凹凸面Male and female faceMFG Manufacture 制造MFM female and male flange 凹凸法兰MG 金属垫片Metallic gasketMH Manhole 人孔MHR 工时Man hourMI Malleable Iron 可锻铸铁MI 可锻铸铁Malleable ironMIL 美国军用标准MIN Minimum 最小MJ Mechanical Joint 机械接头MJG 金属包垫片Meta-jacket gasketML 接续分界限Match lineML 手动Manual controlMO 混合孔板Mixing orificeMPI (MT) 磁粉探伤Magnetic particle inspection (test)MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc. 美国阀门和管件制造商标准化协会MSS 美国阀门和管件制造厂标准化协会标准MT 煤炭工业部标准MTO Material take-off 材料统计汇料MW Minimum Wall 最小壁厚N 北NorthN.B. Non-Bonnet 无阀盖NACE MR-0175--是一种防腐的标准NB Nominal Bore 公称孔径NC Normally Closed 常闭NC 正常关Normally closeNF neck flange 带颈法兰NF 法国国家标准NIP Nipple 短管NIP 短节Pipe nipple or straight nippleNMG 非金属垫片Non-metallic gasketNO INS No Insulation 不隔热NO Normally Open; 常开NOM Nominal 公称的；额定的NOZ Nozzle 管口NPS Nominal Pipe Size 公称管径NPS 美国标准直管螺纹National standard straight pipe thread NPSH Net Positive Suction Head 净正吸入压头NPT American National Taper 美国锥管螺纹Pipe ThreadNPT 美国标准锥管螺纹National standard taper pipe thread NS Nominal Size 公称直径NU 螺母NutNV Needle Valve 针形阀NV 针形阀Needle valveOCR 八角形金属环垫Octagonal ring gasketOD Outside Diameter 外径OET One end Threaded 一端带螺纹OR Outside Radius 外半径OR 外定位环Outer ringORF Orifice 孔板ORIENT Orientation 方位OS & Y Outside Screw and Yoke 外螺纹阀杆和阀轭OSNB Outside Screw Non-Bonnet 外螺纹无阀盖OVR 椭圆形金属环垫Oval ring gasketP Plug 堵头P 防烫伤隔热Personnel protection insulationP 管子PipeP 压力PressureP.C.D. Pitch Circle Diameter 节圆直径PAP Piping Arrangement Plan 管道布置平面图P-B Plain End –Bevel End 平端—坡口端PB Pressure Seal Bonnet 压力密封的阀盖PBE 两段平端PC Pressure Seal Cap 压力密封的阀帽PD 打扫设施Purge devicePE Plain End (not beveled) 平端（无坡口）PE plain end 平端PE 平端面Plain end 1PF 平台PlatformPFD 工艺流程图Process flow diagramPH 预热PreheatingPJ/PR(或PJ/RJ) 活套环法兰PID Piping & Instrument Diagram管道及仪表流程图PID 管道和仪表流程图Piping & instrument diagram PL 管堵（丝堵）PlugPL 板式法兰PlatePLE plain small end 小端平端PLE 大端坡口PLG 法兰FlangePN Nominal Pressure 公称压力PN Plant North 工厂北向PN 公称压力Nominal pressurePNET 气压实验Pneumatic testingPOS point of Support 支承点P-P Plain End—Plain End 两头为平端PR 管桥Pipe rackPREP Preparation 加工预备PRV 泄压阀Pressure relief valvePS 管道支架（管架）Piping supportPSIA Pounds Per Square Inch Absolute 磅/ PSIG Pounds Per Square Inch Gage 磅/PSL是表示该项下的管线管所利用的技术标准品级: PT Point 点PT 池PitPT.EL 点标高Point elevationPT.NO Part No. 件号PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯PV Plug Valve 旋塞阀PV 旋塞阀Plug valve (cock)PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯PWHT 焊后热处置Post weld heat treatment Q/TH （原）机械工业部化工通用机械专业标准QB、SG 轻工业部标准QJ 航天工业部标准QTY Quantity 数量R Radius 半径R 异径管接头（大小头）Reducer R.E 偏心异径管R.H.THD Right Hand Thread 右螺旋RC Conc.reducer 同心大小头RC 洛氏硬度RCPL 异径管箍Reducing coupling RD 爆破片（爆破膜）Rupture disk RE Ecc.reducer 偏心大小头RED Reducer 异径管REDF 异径法兰Reducing flange REF DWG 参考图Reference drawing REF Reference 参考REINF Reinforce 增强REL 异径弯头Reducing elbow REQD Required 需要；申请REV Revision 修改REV. No. 修改号Revision number RF Raised Face 凸面RF Raised Face 凸面管道法兰凸面RG Ring Gasket 环形垫片RG 橡胶垫片Rubber gasketRI (RT) 射线探伤Radiographic inspection (test) RJ Ring Joint Face 环连接面管道法兰环连接面RJ Ring Joint 环垫接头RJ 环连接面Ring joint faceRJ 梯型槽密封Ring JointRO Restriction Orifice 限流孔板RO 限流孔板Restriction orificeRP 补强板Reinforcing padRPM Revolutions Per Minute 转/分RPS Revolutions Per Second 转/秒RS Resting Support 支承架，滑动架RT 异径三通Reducing teeRTG （压力）品级RatingRTJ Ring Type Joint（见RJ）RV Relief Valve 平安泄液阀RV 减压阀Pressure reducing valveS Spring 弹簧（管架用）S 南SouthSAW (Automatic)Submerged Arc Weld 自动埋弧焊SAW PIPE: 是高频埋弧焊管SB 8字盲板Spectacle blind (blank)SB Screwed Bonnet 螺纹阀盖SB Stud Bolt 双头螺栓SB 螺柱Stud boltSC Sample Cooler 取样冷却器SC 采样接口Sample connection SC 取样冷却器Sample cooler SCH Schedule 管壁厚系列号SCH 表号Schedule numberSCH40--管件的壁厚SCRD Screwed 螺纹SD 水力电力部标准SE 翻边短节Stub endSEP Small end Plain 小端为平的SEQ 序号（顺序）SequenceSET Small end Threaded 小端带螺纹SEW 密封焊Seal weldingSF Semi-Finished 半光SF Slip on flange 平焊法兰SF 现场决定Suit in fieldSFG 堆焊SurfacingSG Sight Glass 视镜SG 视镜Slight glassSGV 插板阀SH Surface Hard Facing 硬质密封面SHLT 棚ShelterSIL 消声器SilencerSJT 蒸汽夹套伴热Steam-jacket tracingSK Sketch 草图SM SEAMLESS PIPE--无缝管件SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Weld 有爱惜的金属电弧焊SMG 半金属垫片Semi metallic gasketSMLS Seamless 无缝SMSG 齿形金属垫片Solid metal serrated gasketSN Swaged Nipple 异径短管SNIP 异径短节Swaged nippleSO Slip –On 滑套SO 蒸气吹扫（口）Steam outSOF Slip –On Flange 滑套法兰SOF 平焊法兰Slip-on flangeSPDWG(ISODWG) 管段图Spool drawing (each line isometric drawing) SPEC Specification 规定，说明SPL Sound Pressure Lever 升压水准SPR 气液分离器SeparatorSQ Square 方的，平方SR Shout Radius 短半径SR 短半径SR 过滤器StrainerSR 应力排除Stress reliefSRB 桶式过滤器Bucket type strainerSRE Short Radius Elbow 短半径弯头SRFF Socket Raised Face Flange 承插凸面法兰SRT T型过滤器T-type strainerSRY Y型过滤器Y-type strainerSS Stainless Steel 不锈钢SS 不锈钢Stainless steelST Steam Trap 蒸汽疏水阀ST 蒸汽疏水阀Steam trapSTD Standard 标准STD 标准StandardSTG Small Tongue & Groove 小椎槽面STL Steel 钢STM Steam 蒸汽STM.TR Steam Tracing 蒸汽拌热STRU 构架（构筑物）StructureSUC 吸入（口）SuctionSUCT Suction 吸入口SV Safety Valve 平安泄气阀SV 平安阀Safety valveSW Socket Weld 承插焊SW 承插焊Socket weldingSWF 承插焊法兰Socket-welding flangeSWG Swage 锻造，模锻SWG 缠绕式垫片Spiral wound gasket SWMG Swing Type 旋启式SWSR 弹簧垫圈Spring washerSY （原）石油部标准SYM Symmetrical 对称的SYM 对称的SymmetricalT Tee 三通T 管道伴热（冷）TracingT 螺纹法兰Threaded flangeT 温度TemperatureT&I 伴热Tracing and insulationTC Tee (C ) 等径三通TE Threaded End 螺纹端TEG 聚四氟乙烯包复垫片PTFE envelope gasket TEMP Temperature 温度TF 榫面Tongue faceTG Tongue & Groove 椎槽TG 榫槽面Tongue and groove face TG 槽面密封THD Threaded 螺纹的TH 螺纹法兰TH Threaded 螺纹的THK Thickness 厚度THR 螺纹ThreadTL T angent Line 切线TN True North 真实北向TR Tee ( R ) 异径三通TOC Top of Concrete 混凝土北向Top of Steel 钢结构顶面TOP Top of pipe 管顶TOS Top of Support 支架顶面TSR 临时过滤器Temporary strainer TW 定位焊Tack weldingTWV 三通阀TYP Typical 典型的UB Union Bonnet 带活接头的阀盖UC Union Cap 带活接头的阀帽UC 公用工程接头Utility connection 1 UG 地下UndergroundUI (UT) 超声探伤Ultrasonic inspection (test) UN Union 活接头UTL 公用系统UtilityV Valve 阀V 竖直、铅直、直立VerticalVAC Vacuum 真空VAR Variable 可变的VE 外观检查Visual examinationVERT Vertical 垂直的VOL Volume 卷，册，容量，体积VT vent 放空放气W 焊接WeldingW 西WestW.P. Working Point 工作点W/E 设备带来With equipmentW/I 仪表带来With instrumentWB Weld Branch 焊接支管WC Weld Cap 焊接管帽WD Width 宽度WE Weld End 焊接端WL Weld Line 焊接线WN Weld Neck 对焊法兰（颈部）WNF Weld Neck Flange 对焊法兰WNF 对焊法兰Welding neck flangeWP Working Pressure 工作压力WSR 垫圈WasherWT Wall Thickness 壁厚WT 重量WeightWW 焊丝Welding wireXH Extra Heavy 增强的，加厚的XS Extra Strong 增强的XXH Double Extra Heavy 双倍增强（厚）的XXS Double Extra Strong 双倍增强的XXS 特强Double extra strongYB 冶金部标准YP Yield Point 屈服点ZB 行业标准（专业标准）ZBn 行业标准（内部发行）ZJB 专业军用标准。
开口模压拔制高压汇气管的安全设计(通用版)
( 安全论文 )单位：_________________________姓名：_________________________日期：_________________________精品文档 / Word文档 / 文字可改开口模压拔制高压汇气管的安全设计(通用版)Safety is inseparable from production and efficiency. Only when safety is good can we ensure better production. Pay attention to safety at all times.开口模压拔制高压汇气管的安全设计(通用版)摘要：汇气管是天然气集输和分配中必不可少的重要设备之一，具有压力高、数量大的特点，因而要求汇气管的设计要确保其安全可靠，包括对其壁厚计算公式的正确运用、各个重要设计参数的正确理解和准确计算。
为此，以陕京二线京58地下储气库群某10MPa 采气生产汇气管的设计为例，论述了开口模压拔制高压汇气管的设计过程，分析了高压拔制汇气管直管段厚度的计算公式，比较了强度计算公式与SW6采用的强度计算公式的不同之处，指出了使用SW6进行其直管段壁厚计算存在的弊端；结合具体拔制工艺，讨论了主要设计参数的确定，并根据这些参数的关系绘制了具体的开孔补强图，对实例中的两个主要支管进行了详细计算，得出了各个参数的计算结果。
对油气长输管道工程同类汇气管的设计具有参考价值。
关键词：高压；汇气管；拔制；安全；设计；壁厚计算；开孔补强；参数确定在天然气集输和长输管道工程中，需要使用大量汇气管进行天然气的汇集和分配。
作为压力管道设备的汇气管，在筒体开口的结构上有两种形式，一类是传统的焊接结构，另一类是开口模压拔制结构。
焊接结构即汇气管上的开口接管采用无缝钢管或锻制加厚接管与筒体焊接，其特点是制造工艺比较成熟、简单，适用于压力比较低的汇气管和压力容器。
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Raw material chemical composition and mechanical test Steel pipe ASTM A519 Gr.4130 Flange API 6A, UT, PT Hub API 16A, UT Clamp API 16A, MT Union API 6A Elbow ASME B16.9, UT Ring Gasket AISI SS316L Bolt A193 B7 Nut A194 2H
6. Sandblasting, Painting and Packing
Questions?
• Fabrication records • Questions?
Component standards
• ASME B31.3, especially Chapter IX HP piping • NACE MR0175, on well test line
– All Hardness max. HRC22 – Nicole Content < 1%
• • • • • • • • • •
Welding
• • • • • • • WPS PQR, Welding Electrode, PWHT Welder certificate Multiple Pass, NO weaving, max width 2.5 t Hardness after welding should be < HRC22 Last pass always higher, should end on pipe. 3D piping spool need test assembly. Also extremely cold weather, welds shrink.
4.NDT (RT, MT)
• Wall thickness <19mm, X-ray, 30m distance • Wall thickness >19mm, γ-ray, 100m distance
RT & MT
5.Hydrostatic test
• Test pressure = 1.5 times design pressure.
High Pressure Piping of Offshore Derrick 海洋钻机上的 高压管汇
1. Piping Components
• HP piping system of offshore derrick nomally contains mud line, cement line and/or well test line. • 海洋钻机上的高压管汇通常包含泥浆立管，水 泥立管，和测试立管。 • A piping spool contains steel pipes connected with elbows and ended with flanges, hubs or unions. • 一个高压管段通常由钢管组成，中间由弯头连 接，末端是法兰，卡箍（头）或者由壬组成。
ＥＬＢＯＷ
Elbow Drawing
2. Fabrication
• Per ASME B31.3 Chapter V & Chapter IX. • misalignment of bore less than 1.5mm. • Alignment of ID and OD, and also keep total dimension as design require. • Not easy, take 2~3 hours. Fit-up and welding at same time.
Test assembly
3.PWTH & Hardness Check
• • • • Local heat treatment vs. Furnace heat treatment Local: all joints, in winter, temp. difference Furnace: 10% joints, hardness goo00°C holding, 150°C cooling • Another is 630°C holding, 2 hours. • Suggested holding hour is 3~4 hours. • ODFII piping, furnace PWHT, 8hours holding, 80°C/h cooling doesn’t change pipe mechanical property.
Typical piping spool
Standpipe consists of piping spools, blind plugs, clamps, ring gaskets, bolts, nuts... Piping spool consists of Pipe, Elbow, flange, hub, union, trunion support...