高考英语介词专题复习

高考英语介词专题复习一介词分类：1.简单介词：in/on/at/across/beside/besides/beyond/but.except/like/since/through/till等等2.合成介词：inside/into/onto/out of/outside/upon/without3.成语介词along with/because of/ in front of/instead of/together with/next to/in spite of二介词短语在句子中的作用：定、表、补、状1. 定语 The man in black is Mr. Zhang. He's a man of wealth.2. 表语 You must remain in bed. He was against slavery.3. 补语 He found everything in good condition. The heavy rain kept us inside the house.4.状语： We put the play on in a theatre. In spite of the heavy rain,t hey arrived.三常考介词基本用法1. about1) 关于 As soon as the reporters know what to write about they get down to work.2) 到处，向各处 He likes traveling about the world.3) 用于某些短语 talk about / know about (of) / learn about(of)注意：know about 知道/了解...情况 know of 听说过I happened to know a lot about her. I know of the town,but I've neverbeen there.2. above1) 在...上方，与below相对 They remain above the same place on the earth.2) 在...之上，超过 The mountain is 1000 feet above the sea level.3) above all 首先，重要的是Children learn a lot of subjects at school.Above all,they must know how to learn.3, across 短语 come across/run across 跑过，横过1) 穿过，跨过 We had to walk across some wet ground. 2) 在...对面The post office is just across the street.4. after1) 在...之后/以后 After saying good-bye to them,we returned to the college. He returned after three days.2) 在...后面 Shut the door after you when you go out. 注意：与别人同时进门时，after you 表“你先请”3) 短语 look after/name after/day after day/after all 毕竟，终究，别忘了，然而（用于句尾）5. Against 短语 go against违反、违背/ strugle against 与...斗争1) 反对 Are you for or against the plan? 2) 靠着 The desk stood against the wall.6. along 沿着 They walked along Nanjing Road.7. Among 1) 在...中间，在三者或以上之间The new products aroused special interest among the visitors.8. Around 短语 at once /at present / at the top(foot) of / at the entrance to /at the mercy of(在...支配下）/at breakfast /at one time / at the bottom / at the latest(最近）/ at least / shout at(to）.../ point at(to).../ work hard at /at first/ at home/ at the same time.1) 在...周围，环绕 The seas around Ireland were full of all sorts of fish. 2)在...范围内 It's too wet to go walking around London.9. as 短语consider...as / work as / think of...as / act as /look on(upon) as... /as a result (of...)1）作为，充当，用作 She was well known as an excellent dancer.He wanted me to go with him as his secretary. He was seen using a check as a book mark.10.at 1) 在某地点/场合 I live at 305 Boat Road. We are lucky to have another world-famous expert here at the conference.2) 在某时刻/时间/时间段 Dinner was at six o'clock. We're busy at harvest time. We shall meet at the weekend.3) 向（某方向/目标） What are you laughing at? He pointed the pipe at the lion and fired.4) 对...(说明引起某种情绪的原因） The whole nation was very sad at the news of his death. She felt glad at what he had said.5) 处于某种状态，进行某种活动 If anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job.6) 在某方面 He was very clever at drawing.7) 表价格、速度、数量 They can sell their beef at a high price. We built the plant at top speed. The interest is at 20 percent.11.before 在...前面，在...之前We have a good day's work to do before us. Only four days remains before the exam.12.behind 在...之后，比...晚The garage is behind the house. The train is behind time.13.below 在下面Little of the earth's solid surface has been seen by humans, as much of it lies below the sea.14.beside 在...旁边He came and sat down beside me She drew up a chair close beside the bed.15.besides 处... 外What other courses do you take besides English?Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.16.between 1）在两中之间Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English.2) 两两相互间，共同 Other scientists had dsaid that wheat should be planted with space between the plants.He divided his time between lecturing, teaching and writing. 17.beyond1) 在...外边，在...那一边 We can stop here on the right beyond the tree. The woods go for about two miles beyond the river.2) 超出，高于（不同搭配，译法不同） You mustn't drive beyond the speed limits. To do this was quite beyond my power.18.but 除去，（多与nobody/nothing/who等连用）Under the soil there is nothing but sand.Nobody but Mr. Smith is in the room. Who but he can do such a thing ?注意：but 还可跟不定式，如果but前为实义动词do的各种形式，常看省略toI have no choice but to rewrite it. They did nothing but complain. There was nothing else to do but send for the doctor.19.by 1) 在...旁边；从...旁边，通过 She was sitting by the window.She passed by me without noticing me. She crossed the river by a wooden bridge.2. 到某时Perhaps she has known the truth by now. By the time he wasfourteen,he had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.注意：by/until/till by 表某一动作将在by 表示的时间发生。