初中英语学科教师资格证
第一章英语语言基础知识第一节中学英语语音知识一，字母，音素（phoneme）和音标（phoneme symbol）：1. 根据发音时是否受到发音器官的阻碍以及阻碍程度，将26个英文字母分为元音字母：a e i o u半元音字母：w y辅音：其他（注）区分元音vowels的方法：舌头抬起的高度——高中低舌头最高部分的位置——前中后元音的长度或紧度——长元音短元音唇的圆展度——圆唇非圆唇2.英语音素：（注）英语音标发音方法巧记：·/p/ ，/t/，/k/，/f/ ，/s/，/b/，/d/，/g/，/z/，/h/，/r/，/m/，/n/，/j/，/ w/与汉语拼音了的声母发音一致。
· /θ/像一张嘴，咬住舌头，正是这个音标的发音。
/ð/与之相同，只不过清浊有变化。
· /v/就是拼音的w（乌）。
· /ʃ/是拼音的sh（师）。
· /ts/是拼音的c（次）。
· /tʃ/是拼音的ch（吃）。
· /tr/发音像汉字“戳”· /ʒ/是拼音的r（日）。
· /dz/很难表达啊...有z（资）的音，但是前面浊化了。
· /dʒ/是拼音的zh（知）。
· /dr/读“捉”· /ŋ/是拼音的ng（就是ang eng ing ong的后半部分）二，语音的变化：1.音节：一个音节至少有一个元音字母1）重读：Stressed2）3）连音：liaison●辅音+元音●R/re+元音●辅音+半元音●元音+元音4）音的同化：assimilation1 因唇形的影响而发生的同化：（1）[n], [d], [t]在双唇音[m], [b], [p]前面被同化，如ten men (十个人)（2）双唇音[p]后面的[n]变成[m], 如：open (打开)2 因声带的影响而发生的同化：（1）浊辅音可变为清辅音，如：of course （当然）（2）清辅音可变为浊辅音，如:like that (像那样)3 因发音部位的影响而发生的其他同化：（1）[s] 和[z]在ʃ或[j]前面被同化为ʃ和ʒ如：this shirt （这件衬衣）（2）[t], [d], [s]和[z]在[j]前面和[j]合并为tʃ，dʒ，ʃ和ʒlast year （去年）Did you go? (你去了吗？)God bless you （上帝保佑你）Has your letter come? (你的信来了吗？)5）失去爆破音：❖爆破音+爆破音：前一个爆破音失去❖爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音❖爆破音/t,d/+鼻音/m,n/❖爆破音/t,d/+舌边音/l/第二章语言学与英语教学美国语言学家克拉申在20世纪70年代提出了“语言习得”理论，认为人们掌握语言有两种方式，一种是习得Acquisition 无意识的逐渐掌握母语，一种是学习learning,一般指学习母语之外的第二种语言。
一，语言学基本知识：（一）语言与语言学:1， Language语言：language is means of verbal communication. It is system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 用来交际的任意性的语音符号系统。
1）语言的结构特征：●arbitrariness 任意性：语言符号的形式和与所表示的意义之间没有天然的联系。
约定俗成，没有任何道理。
●duality 双重性：语言的二重性是指，语言是一个具有两种结构的系统，语音系统和语义系统。
换言之，语言可以先切分为意义单位再切分为语音单位●productivity 创造性：指语言的能产性，非人类符号就不具备这种灵活性，这种创造性是人类语言独一无二的，语言是创造性的，还源于语言的二重性和递归性，他有制造无穷长句的潜力。
●displacement 移位性：指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上并不可及的物体，时间或观点。
比如我们可以用语言谈论“现在”“过去””将来“或者现在不存在的事物●Cultural transmission 文化传习性：指人类语言依靠文化或习俗传统得以代代相传而不是靠遗传延续language is the carrier载体of culture●Interchangeability 可替代性2）语言的功能：⏹Informative function 信息功能：传递或表达信息⏹Interpersonal function人际功能：表达一个人的社会关系和社会地位establish andmaintain their status in society⏹Performative/ directive function 行为(施为）功能：语言具有能够用来“做事情”的功能如，法官的宣判，总统宣布战争⏹Emotive function 情感功能⏹Phatic function 寒暄功能：为了建立和维持社会接触而不是为了交流信息⏹Recreational function 娱乐功能：相声，小品⏹Metalingual function 元语言功能：用语言来讨论分析和描述它本身2, 语言学：linguistics1）语言学的主要分支：◆Phonetics语音学◆Phonology 音系学◆Morphlolgy 形态学◆Syntax 句法学◆Semantics 语义学◆Pragmatics 语用学◆Pyscholinguistics 心理语言学◆Sociolinguistics 社会语言学2）语言学中的重要区别：●描述性研究Descriptive 和规定性研究prescriptive●共时synchronic和历时diachronic：公时：研究以某个特定时期的语言为研究对象，比如现代汉语研究，莎士比亚时代语言研究都属于此类历时：研究语言各个阶段的发展变化，研究语言的历时发展规律。
语言langue和 parole言语：索绪尔将说话者的语言能力和语言的实际现象或语料区分为语言和言语。
Langue 指语言系统的整体，整个相对比较稳定的。
Parole 则指代某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出的具体话语。
语言能力competence 和语言运用performance语言能力指理想语言使用者关于语言规则的知识储备语言运用则指真实的语言使用者在实际场景中的语言使用（二）语音学与音系学1，phonetics 语音学1)定义：phonetics is the systematic study of the human ability to make and hear sounds which use the vocal organs of speech, especially for producing oral language 语音学是通过发音的机制对人类听说的能力进行系统研究，并且主要研究语音的发出的科学2)分类 Articulatory 发音语音学Acoustic 听觉语音学Auditory 声觉语音学(1)Articulatory phonetics发音语音学——Is concerned with how the sounds of language are physically produced by the vocal apparatus 发音语言学研究人类的发音器官是如何运作以发出语音的，语音的发出和产出A, consonants 辅音区分不同的辅音发音位置 place of articulation (POA)发音方式 manner of articulation(MOA)发音位置：Bilabial 双唇音：发双唇音时，两唇相碰 /p,b,m,w/Labiodental 唇齿音：上齿抵住下唇 /f.v/Dental 齿音：舌头接触上齿发出的 /θð/Alveolar 齿槽音：用舌头轻抵嘴巴里的牙槽/t d s z n r l/Post alveolar 后齿龈音：发音方式一齿槽音相似，但发音部位要靠后一些/ʃ, ʒ tʃ tʒ/ Palatal 上颚音：发音位置在硬腭处/j/Velar 软腭音：发音位置在软腭处 /k g ŋ /Glottal 喉音：发音位置在喉咙后部 /h/Doubly articulated 双发音发音部位有两处 /w/发音方式：Voicing 浊化音:声带振动voiceless：清辅音声带不发生振动voiced 浊辅音：声带振动Nasality 鼻音:由于鼻腔的空气流动的产生；鼻音都是浊化的/m n ŋ/Obstruency （stop/plosive) 爆破音:发爆破音时，气流会遭遇闭塞/p b t d k g / Fricatives 摩擦音：通过摩擦发音/f v θð s z ʃʒ h /Affricates 破擦音：爆破之后再摩擦发音/tʃ dʒ/Sonorancy 响音：非爆破音被称为响音,包括上述提及的鼻音/m n ŋ/还有一种响音为Approximant 近音，即发音器官发出窄音，但留下足够的空间任气流通过，发音过程中没有经历阻滞/w j r/Lateral 舌边音：/l/Oral 口腔音B 元音元音和辅音有很大不同，元音可以看成是三种变体的组合：Height 高元音：按发音是舌位高低划分e.g. 在发[æ]音时，比发[i]音是嘴部张得要大一点。
因此[æ] 音是开元音或是低元音。
而[i]音叫做闭元音或者高元音Backness后元音：试着有元音[æ] 过度到元音[ɔ]，感觉一下舌位，发[æ] 音的时候要前移，发[ɔ]音的时候要后移，这几是为什么前一个叫前元音二后一个叫后元音Rounding园元音：试着发[i][和u]两个音，对着镜子看看唇部，唇部发[u]音是会噘起来，而发[i]音是会伸展开来，这种唇部的噘起在语音学中就是圆元音（2）acoustic phonetics 声学语音学——研究语言的物理媒介-就是说，话语如何控制声波（3）auditory phonetics 听觉语音学——语音学的分支，是研究语音的接受与感知Assimilation 同化——是指一个音具有了临近的一部分或者全部特征这一过程。
同化经常被当做协同发音的同义词来使用。
逆同化regressive assimilation：后面的音影响前面的音顺同化progressive assimilation: 前面的音影响后面的音2 音位学 phonology：研究语言的声音系统1)Phonemes 音位——the basic unit of study phonology 音位学的最基本的单位音位可以被定义为语言中功能一直的一组语音，能够区别两个不同的单词。
教师资格考试初中英语学科知识与教学能力试卷与参考答案(2024年)
2024年教师资格考试初中英语学科知识与教学能力复习试卷与参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题有30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1、What is the main function of the verb “do” in the sentence “They do not like playing video games.”?A. Auxiliary verbB. Main verbC. Modal verbD. Object verb答案：A解析：In the given sentence, “do” is used as an auxiliary verb to form the negative. It helps in forming the negative present simple tense. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Auxiliary verb.2、In the following sentence, identify the subject-verb agreement error.The students, each having their own opinions, discuss the issue.A. There is no error in subject-verb agreement.B. The error is in the use of “having” instead of “have.”C. The error is in the use of “discuss” instead of “discusses.”D. The error is in the use of “the students” instead of “students.”答案：D解析：The error in the subject-verb agreement is in the use of “the students” instead of “students.” The correct form should be “students discuss” because “students” is a plural noun and requires a plural verb form. Therefore, the correct answer is D. The error is in the use of “the students” instead of “students.”3、The sentence “The book is so fascinating that I couldn’t put it down.” uses the phrase “couldn’t put it down” to express the speaker’s feeling. Which of the followi ng phrases is closest in meaning to “couldn’t put it down”?A)couldn’t stop reading itB)didn’t want to finish itC)didn’t find it interestingD)didn’t understand itAnswer: A) couldn’t stop reading itExplanation: The phrase “couldn’t put it down” is used to desc ribe the feeling of being so engaged in something that you cannot stop doing it. “couldn’t stop reading it” is the closest phrase that conveys this meaning, indicating that the speaker was so fascinated by the book that they couldn’t stop reading it.4、In the following dialogue, which sentence is an example of a yes/no question?A)“How is your family doing today?”B)“Do you have any plans for the weekend?”C)“Are you going to the party tonight?”D)“Can you help me with my homework?”Answer: C) “Are you going to the party tonight?”Explanation: A yes/no question is one that can be answered with a simple yes or no. “Are you going to the party tonight?” is a clear example of a yes/no question because it asks a direct question that can only be answered with a yes or no. The other sentences are open-ended questions that invite a more detailed response.5、In the following sentences, which one uses the correct past perfect tense?A. He had finished the project before he left the company.B. He finishes the project before he left the company.C. He finished the project after he left the company.D. He finished the project when he left the company.Answer: AExplanation: The correct answer is “A” because the past perfect tense is used to express an action that was completed before another past action. In this case, “he had finished the project” indicates that the action of finishing the project happened before he left the company.6、Choose the sentence that correctly uses the present perfect tense.A. I have just arrived at the station.B. I have arrived at the station already.C. I arrived at the station.D. I was arriving at the station when the train left.Answer: AExplanation: The present perfect tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has a present result. In this case, “I have just arrived at the station” correctly uses the present perfect tense to indicate that the action of arriving has a present result. The other options either do not use the present perfect tense or incorrectly use past simple or past continuous tense.7、The teacher is using a visual aid to help students understand the new vocabulary. Which of the following is the most appropriate visual aid for teaching the word “metropolis”?A) A map of a small townB) A picture of a skyscraperC) A graph showing population growthD) A video of a rural landscapeAnswer: B) A picture of a skyscraperExplanation: The word “metropolis” refers to a large city, often with a significant population and economic importance. A picture of a skyscraper is a visual representation of an urban environment, which would be most appropriate for teaching the word “metropolis.” The other options (A, C, D) do not directly relate to the concept of a large city.8、In a lesson on the past continuous tense, the teacher wants to elicit the correct form of the sentence “I______(watch) TV when he called me.” Whichof the following prompts is the most effective for helping students produce the correct past continuous form?A)“What was I doing when he called me?”B)“What did I do while he called me?”C)“When did I watch TV?”D)“What did I do at that time?”Answer: A) “What was I doing when he called me?”Explanation: The past continuous tense is used to describe an action that was happening at a specific point in the past. The prompt “What was I doing when he called me?” correctly elicits the past continuous form “was watching” to complete the sentence “I was watching TV when he called me.” The other options either use the simple past tense or do not fit the context of the past continuous tense.9、Which of the following sentences uses the subjunctive mood correctly?A) If I was you, I would take the job.B) If I were you, I would take the job.C) If I am you, I would take the job.D) If I be you, I would take the job.Answer: BExplanation: The correct answer is B because the subjunctive mood is used to express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact conditions. He re, “were” is used instead of “was” to express an imaginary situation.10、Identify the type of the sentence: “Do your homework quickly!”A) DeclarativeB) InterrogativeC) ImperativeD) ExclamatoryAnswer: CExplanation: The correct answer is C because the sentence is giving a command or making a request, which is characteristic of an imperative sentence. The use of the base form of the verb “do” along with the exclamation mark emphasizes the command.11.The teacher is using a group discussion activity to teach the students about the main idea of a text. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true in this situation?A)The teacher is encouraging students to work individually.B)The teacher is providing the main idea to the students.C)The teacher is facilitating a group discussion to identify the main idea.D)The teacher is asking students to write a summary of the text.Answer: C) The teacher is facilitating a group discussion to identify the main idea.Explanation: In this context, the teacher is using a group discussion to engage students in identifying the main idea of a text, which is an effective strategy for collaborative learning and comprehension.12.In the context of teaching a new vocabulary word, which of the following activities is most effective for helping students remember and understand the word?A)Reading the word in a sentence and moving on.B)Writing the word multiple times in a paragraph.C)Creating a visual representation of the word using drawings or symbols.D)Asking students to define the word and then use it in a sentence.Answer: D) Asking students to define the word and then use it in a sentence.Explanation: Encouraging students to define a new vocabulary word and then use it in a sentence helps reinforce understanding and retention. It also allows the teacher to assess the students’ comprehension and usage of the word.13、Which of the following sentences uses the subjunctive mood correctly?A) If I was you, I would take the job.B) If she were me, she wouldn’t go.C) If he be a doctor, he would give you advice.D) If they was here yesterday, they would have seen the accident.Answer: B) If she were me, she wouldn’t go.Explanation: The subjunctive mood is used to express hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situations. Option B correctly uses the past subjunctive form “were” to indicate a hypothetical situation.14、Identify the type of sentence that is primarily used to give instructions in an English class.A) InterrogativeB) ExclamatoryC) ImperativeD) DeclarativeAnswer: C) ImperativeExplanation: The imperative sentence is used to give commands or instructions. In an educational setting, teachers often use this type of sentence to direct students’ actions, such as “Please open your books,” or “Write down the new vocabulary.”15.The following sentence is an example of a question type that is often found in the reading comprehension section of the English exam for junior high school teachers. Which of the following is the correct question type?A. Multiple-choice questionB. True or False questionC. Short answer questionD. Matching questionAnswer: AExplanation: The question type described in the prompt is a multiple-choice question, where the examinee is presented with a question and several possible answers to choose from. This is a common format in reading comprehension sections of standardized tests.16.In the context of teaching English at the junior high level, which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping students develop their vocabulary?A. Encouraging students to memorize new words without contextB. Using flashcards to present new vocabulary itemsC. Incorporating vocabulary into context-rich texts and discussionsD. Assigning students to write essays using new vocabulary wordsAnswer: CExplanation: Incorporating vocabulary into context-rich texts and discussions is the most effective strategy for helping students develop their vocabulary. This method allows students to understand the meaning and usage of new words in a real-world context, which aids in long-term retention and practical application.17、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of communicative language teaching (CLT)?A)Focus on accuracy over fluencyB)Integration of language skillsC)Emphasis on communication competenceD)Student-centered activitiesAnswer: A) Focus on accuracy over fluencyExplanation: Communicative Language Teaching emphasizes fluency and the ability to communicate effectively in real-life situations. While accuracy is important, it is not prioritized over fluency in CLT. The approach advocates for an integrated skills approach where speaking, listening, reading, and writing are developed together, focusing on communication competence and often employing student-centered activities.18、In the context of vo cabulary acquisition, what does the term “depth of processing” refer to?A)The number of times a word needs to be repeated to be memorizedB)The intensity and cognitive effort involved in learning new vocabularyC)The frequency of encountering a word in different contextsD)The depth at which words are printed in a textbookAnswer: B) The intensity and cognitive effort involved in learning new vocabularyExplanation: Depth of processing theory suggests that the level of mental engagement with new information affects how well it is remembered. In vocabulary acquisition, deeper processing involves more than just repetition or surface-level exposure; it includes engaging with the word in meaningful ways that require cognitive effort, such as through use in sentences or association with images or experiences. This deeper engagement tends to lead to better retention and understanding of new vocabulary.19.In a primary school English class, the teacher wants to introduce a new topic about seasons. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate to engage the students in learning about the seasons?A. Reading a short story about a character traveling through different seasons.B. Singing a song about the changes in the weather during different seasons.C. Conducting a science experiment to demonstrate the changes in the Earth’s tilt.D. Showing a documentary film about the different climates around the world.Answer: BExplanation: Singing a song about the changes in the weather duringdifferent seasons would be the most engaging and interactive way to introduce the topic of seasons to primary school students. It allows them to learn through music and movement, which is both fun and educational.20.When designing a lesson plan for teaching the past continuous tense, which of the following teaching strategies would be most effective for a group of middle school students?A. Using a lot of vocabulary exercises and translation tasks.B. Presenting a detailed grammar explanation followed by a series of exercises.C. Creating a scenario where students can act out events that were happening in the past.D. Showing a video clip of a story that is narrated entirely in the past continuous tense.Answer: CExplanation: Creating a scenario where students can act out events that were happening in the past is an excellent teaching strategy for teaching the past continuous tense. It allows students to visualize and experience the language in a real-life context, which aids in their understanding and retention of the tense.21、Which of the following sentences uses the subjunctive mood correctly?A) If he were me, he will do it differently.B) If I was the teacher, I would change the curriculum.C) If she were here, she knows what to do.D) If they were smarter, they would have passed the exam.Answer: D) If they were smarter, they would have passed the exam. Explanation: The correct answer is D because it uses the past unreal conditional (were smarter) along with the conditional perfect (would have passed) to indicate an impossible or highly unlikely condition in the past.22、Identify the type of sentence used in the following example: “Watch out for that dog!”A) DeclarativeB) InterrogativeC) ExclamatoryD) ImperativeAnswer: D) ImperativeExplanation: The correct answer is D because the sentence “Watch out for that dog!” is giving a command or making a request, which is characteristic of an imperative sentence.23.The teacher is introducing a new vocabulary word to the students. Which of the following strategies is most suitable for explaining the word “vulnerable” to the middle school students?A)Presenting the word in a sentence and having students infer its meaning.B)Providing a definition and using synonyms to help students understand the word.C)Drawing a picture that visually represents the word.D)Asking students to give examples of the word in their own sentences.Explanation: B) is the most suitable strategy because providing a definition and using synonyms can help students understand the meaning of the word “vulnerable” in a clearerand more concrete way. This method allows them to build their vocabulary and understandthe word within the context of the language.24.In a middle school English class, the teacher wants to assess the students’ comprehension of a short story. Which of the following assessment methods would be most effective?A)Giving a multiple-choice quiz at the end of the lesson.B)Asking students to write a summary of the story.C)Conducting a group discussion on the characters and themes of the story.D)Having students create a poster depicting the main events of the story.Answer: C)Explanation: C) is the most effective assessment method because it promotes active learning and encourages students to engage with the story’s content. Group discussions allow students to express their thoughts, share ideas, and develop critical thinking skills. This method also provides the teacher with insights into how well the students have comprehended the story’s characters and themes.25、Which of the following sentences correctly uses the subjunctive mood?A) If I was you, I would take the job.B) If I were you, I would take the job.C) If I am you, I would take the job.D) If I be you, I would take the job.Explanation: The correct sentence is “If I were you, I would take the job.” This sentence uses the subjunctive mood with “were” to expr ess a hypothetical situation that is contrary to fact. The subjunctive mood is used here because it’s impossible for someone to literally be another person, making this a hypothetical condition.26、Identify the type of clause in the following sentence:“Even though she was tired, she finished her homework.”A) Independent clauseB) Dependent clauseC) Relative clauseD) Noun clauseAnswer: BExplanation: In the sentence “Even though she was tired, she finished her homework,” “Even though she was tired” is a dependent clause because it cannot stand alone as a complete thought. It provides additional information but relies on the main (independent) clause “she finished her homework” to convey a complete meaning. The dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction “even though,” which introduces a condition or contrast to the main action in the independent clause.27.What is the main function of a vocabulary list in the context of teaching English to初中 students?A. To assess the students’ understanding of grammar rules.B. To encourage students to engage in oral communication.C. To provide a list of essential vocabulary words that will be covered in the course.D. To introduce new cultural topics for classroom discussions.Answer: CExplanation: A vocabulary list in the context of teaching English to初中 students primarily serves to provide a structured list of essential vocabulary words that will be covered throughout the course. This helps students to focus on and learn the key terms they need to be familiar with in order to understand and participate effectively in class discussions and tasks.28.In a lesson about the past perfect tense, which of the following sentence structures is most appropriate for illustrating its usage?A. “I had finished my homework before my mother came back from work.”B. “I finished my homework because my mother came back from work.”C. “I will finish my homework if my mother comes back from work.”D. “I was finishing my homework when my mother came back from work.”Answer: AExplanation: The past perfect tense is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action. Therefore, the sentence “I had finished my homework before my mother came back from work.” accurately illustrates the usage of the past perfect tense, as it shows that the homework was completedbefore the mother came back. The other options do not correctly demonstrate the past perfect tense structure.29、Which of the following activities is most suitable for developing studen ts’ speaking skills in a communicative way?A)Reading a passage aloudB)Reciting a poem from memoryC)Engaging in a role-play conversationD)Listening to an audio recording and answering questionsAnswer: C) Engaging in a role-play conversationExplanation: Role-playing encourages spontaneous and interactive communication, which is essential for the development of speaking skills. It allows students to practice using language in a context that simulates real-life situations, thus improving their fluency, pronunciation, and ability to use appropriate language in different social contexts. While options A, B, and D may also contribute to language learning, they do not specifically focus on the interactive and communicative aspects of speaking as effectively as role-plays do.30、When designing a lesson plan, what is the primary purpose of includinga variety of assessment methods?A)To reduce the workload of grading for the teacherB)To cater to different learning styles and needs of studentsC)To make the lesson more interesting and engagingD)To ensure that the lesson covers all the required materialAnswer: B) To cater to different learning styles and needs of studentsExplanation: Incorporating a variety of assessment methods in a lesson plan is important because it helps to address the diverse ways in which students learn and demonstrate their understanding. This approach acknowledges that students have different strengths and preferences when it comes to showing what they know, and it can help to provide a more accurate and comprehensive picture of each student’s abilities. Options A, C, and D, while they may be secondary benefits, do not capture the main educational rationale for using varied assessments, which is to accommodate individual differences among learners.二、简答题（20分）Question: How can teachers effectively integrate technology into their English language teaching to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes?Answer:1.Utilize educational technology tools and platforms such as interactive whiteboards, digital learning management systems, and educational apps to create interactive lessons that engage students in different learning styles.2.Incorporate multimedia resources such as videos, podcasts, and online articles to provide a uthentic language experiences and stimulate students’ curiosity.3.Design and implement online collaborative projects and group activities that encourage students to work together and communicate in English, promotingcommunication skills and teamwork.e language learning software and apps that offer personalized learning experiences, allowing students to progress at their own pace and providing immediate feedback.5.Integrate technology-based formative and summative assessments to monitor students’ pro gress and identify areas for improvement.6.Provide opportunities for students to create digital content, such as presentations, videos, or blogs, to enhance their writing, speaking, and listening skills.7.Utilize educational websites and online forums to expose students to a wider range of English language materials and encourage them to practice English outside the classroom.8.Continuously update one’s knowledge and skills in using educational technology through professional development and online courses.Explanation:Integrating technology into English language teaching can have several positive effects on student engagement and learning outcomes. By incorporating educational technology tools and platforms, teachers can create interactive and engaging lessons that cater to different learning styles, making the learning process more enjoyable and effective. Using multimedia resources helps students gain authentic language experiences and stimulates their curiosity, making the learning process more meaningful. Online collaborative projects and groupactivities foster communication skills and teamwork, which are essential for language learning. Language learning software and apps provide personalized learning experiences, allowing students to progress at their own pace and receive immediate feedback. Formative and summative assessments using technology help teachers monitor students’ progress and identify areas for improvement. Encouraging students to create digital content enhances their writing, speaking, and listening skills. Lastly, utilizing educational websites and online forums exposes students to a wider range of English language materials, promoting continuous learning outside the classroom. Continuous professional development in educational technology is crucial for teachers to keep up with the latest trends and technologies in language teaching.三、教学情境分析题（30分）Question:A middle school teacher is planning a unit on “Hobbies and Interests” for her Grade 8 English class. The class consists of 25 students, with a mix of beginner, intermediate, and advanced learners. The teacher has observed that the students have varying levels of engagement and motivation in English classes. The school has provided a set of multimedia resources, including videos, audio clips, and interactive websites, to support the teaching of this unit.1.Analyze the learning needs of the students in the class.2.Describe how the teacher can utilize the multimedia resources effectivelyto cater to different learning styles and levels.3.Explain how formative and summative assessments can be integrated into the teaching and learning process for this unit.Answer:1.Learning Needs of the Students:•Beginner Level: Students at this level may have difficulty with basic vocabulary and sentence structures related to hobbies and interests. They might struggle to understand and produce simple sentences in English.•Intermediate Level: These students can understand and use some vocabulary and grammar related to the topic but may still need support with more complex structures and advanced vocabulary.•Advanced Level: Students at this level should be able to express their opinions on hobbies and interests fluently and accurately, using a variety of vocabulary and grammar structures.2.Utilizing Multimedia Resources:•For Beginner Level: The teacher can use simple videos and audio clips to introduce new vocabulary and phrases related to hobbies and interests.Interactive websites can be used to practice basic sentence structures and vocabulary through games and exercises.•For Intermediate Level: The teacher can use more complex videos and audio clips that include different accents and vocabulary. Interactive websites can provide more challenging exercises and activities, such as quizzes and discussions.•For Advanced Level: The teacher can use videos and audio clips that require deeper analysis and discussion. Interactive websites can offer moreadvanced activities, such as debates and research projects.3.Formative and Summative Assessments:•Formative Assessments: These can be integrated into the teaching process through activities such as:•Class discussions on hobbies and interests, where students can share their own experiences and opinions.•Quizzes and exercises using interactive websites and multimedia resources to practice vocabulary and grammar.•Peer assessments, where students can provide feedback on each other’s work.•Summative Assessments: These can be conducted at the end of the unit through:• A written test that includes multiple-choice questions, true/false statements, and short answer questions.•An oral presentation or debate on a chosen hobby or interest, where students can demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the topic.• A project that combines different skills, such as writing a report on a hobby, creating a poster, or preparing a presentation.Explanation:The analysis of the students’ learning needs is essential for the teacher to create an inclusive and effective lesson plan. By utilizing the multimediaresources effectively, the teacher can cater to different learning styles and levels, ensuring that all students can engage with the material. Integrating both formative and summative assessments will help the teacher monitor the progress of each student and provide feedback that can be used to improve future lessons.四、教学设计题（40分）Question: Design a lesson plan for a 45-minute English class for Grade 8 students. The topic of the lesson is “Traveling Abroad.” The lesson should include vocabulary building, reading comprehension, and speaking activities.Lesson Plan:I. Introduction (5 minutes)•Objective: To introduce the topic of traveling abroad and create an interest in the lesson.•Activities:•Teacher shows a few images of famous landmarks from different countries.•Students share their favorite travel destinations and why.II.Vocabulary Building (10 minutes)•Objective: To introduce and practice new vocabulary related to traveling.•Activities:•Teacher presents new words on the board (e.g., backpack, passport, luggage, sightseeing, etc.).。
初中英语学科教师资格证
初中英语学科教师资格证什么是初中英语学科教师资格证？初中英语学科教师资格证，是指在中国国家教育部门认可的教育机构中，拥有教授初中英语学科的资格证书。
初中英语学科教师资格证属于国家职业资格证书，是教师从事教育工作的必备证书之一。
初中英语学科教师资格证的申请条件是什么？申请初中英语学科教师资格证需要满足以下条件：1.具有大学本科及以上学历，英语专业学位或者英语语言文化相关专业；2.取得了国家教育部门认可的教育学、心理学、教育法律法规等学科的培训证书或升级证书；3.英语外语专业八级及以上，或具备同等英语水平；4.参加初中英语学科教师资格证考试并通过。
初中英语学科教师资格证考试的内容是什么？初中英语学科教师资格证考试主要分为两部分：1.理论考试：主要考察考生在初中英语教学方面的基本理论知识、教育心理学、教育法律法规等方面的知识点。
2.实践考试：主要考察考生在初中英语教学过程中的实际操作能力，包括教学设计、教学演示、教学题目分析和解答等方面。
初中英语学科教师资格证的作用是什么？1.提升教师的职业认可度：初中英语学科教师资格证是国家授权的职业资格证书，拥有该证书的教师可以在教育领域中获得更多的认可和信任。
2.帮助教师提升教学能力：初中英语学科教师资格证不仅要求教师具备一定的理论知识，更重要的是在教学实践方面具备突出的能力。
通过参加考试，教师可以继续提高教学能力，为学生提供更好的教育服务。
3.增加教师的职业发展机会：教师持有初中英语学科教师资格证，可以在教师职业发展方面提供更广泛的机会。
更有利于进一步的升职加薪。
如何申请初中英语学科教师资格证？1.准备材料：准备好身份证、学历证明、学历及学习情况证明、成绩单和英语专业八级或者同等水平证书等材料。
2.报名：按照学科公告的规定报名并缴纳考试费用。
3.参加考试：参加学科公告的规定考试，认真答题。
4.收取学位证书：考试合格之后，按照公告规定方式领取学位证书。
初中英语学科教师资格证是教师从事初中英语教学需要的最基本证书之一，在提高自身能力的同时，也为教师提供了更广阔的职业发展机会。
2023年下半年初中教师资格证考试《初中英语》试题答案详细解析
2023年下半年教师资格证考试《初中英语》题答案解析1.本题考查辅音的分类。
题干意为：下列哪个选项正确地描述了英语音素[ð]？结合辅音的分类知识，可知[ð]为浊辅音（voic ed），齿间音（dental）和摩擦音（fricative），C项正确。
A项：A voiced dental plosive意为“一个浊辅音、齿间爆破音”。
与题干不符，排除。
B项：A voiced alveolar plosive意为“一个浊辅音、齿龈爆破音”。
与题干不符，排除。
D项：A voiced alveolar fricative意为“一个浊辅音、齿龈摩擦音”。
与题干不符，排除。
故正确答案为C2.本题考查元音字母组合的发音规律。
题干意为：下面划线部分的发音与其他部分不同的是哪个？结合发音规律，可知A项height中的ei字母组合发/aɪ/，而其他选项均发/eɪ/，本题为选非题，A项正确。
B项：neighbour/ˈneɪbə(r)/，字母组合ei发/eɪ/。
与题干不符，排除。
C项：eight/eɪt/，字母组合ei发/eɪ/。
与题干不符，排除。
D项：weigh/weɪ/，字母组合ei发/eɪ/。
与题干不符，排除。
故正确答案为A3.本题考查混成法。
题干意为：单词frenemy这个词由什么构成？该单词意为“友敌、亦敌亦友”，是由单词friend（朋友）和enemy（敌人）各取一部分构成，这种构词法称之为混成法（blending），指两个单词要通过连接第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分或连接两个单词的开头部分混成一个新的单词。
如smoke+fog→smog（烟雾），D项正确。
A项：affixing意为“粘贴；使……附于”，不属于构词法。
与题干不符，排除。
B项：clipping意为“截短法”，指将一个较长的单词截短用以构成新词的方法。
截取原词的某一部分而将剩余的部分作为新词来使用。
主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
初中英语教师资格证笔试
初中英语教师资格证笔试篇一：国考初中英语教师资格证笔试复习资料第一部分语言知识与能力1．掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
2．具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。
3．能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。
第一章英语语言基础知识1.根据发音时是否受到发音器官的阻碍及阻碍程度，将26个英文字母分为三类：元音字母，半元音字母和辅音字母。
元音字母有5个：a,e,i,o,u。
半元音字母有：w,y。
2.音素(phoneme)是音的最小单位，有区分语言意义的作用。
英语中有48个音素，分为元音音素和辅音音素两大类。
其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
3.音标是记录音素的符号，是音素的标写符号。
一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不知表示一个音素。
标音法：用音标标记语音的方法。
宽式标音法和严式标音法两种。
宽式标音法是用一个符号来表示一个语音的标音方式。
严式标音法是一种使用变音符号的标音方式，旨在记录同一个音在不同的语音环境下所发生的细微的变化。
国际音标，K.K音标，D.J音标。
4.音节的类型：单音节，双音节，三音节，多音节，成音节。
重读音节的四大类型：开音节，闭音节，-r音节，-re音节。
音节的划分：（1）一个音节至少有一个元音字母（2）当两个元音字母中间只有一个辅音字母时，而且左边的元音又是按重读开音节规则发音，这个辅音字母通常划入右边的音节。
（3）两个元音之间只有一个辅音字母或辅音字母组合，左边的元音按重读闭音节规则发音，那么这个辅音字母或辅音字母组合通常划入左边的音节。
（4）如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母，通常这两个辅音字母分别划入左右两个音节。
（5）如果两个元音字母中间有两个辅音字母，第一个是r，这两个辅音字母分别划入左右两个音节。
初中英语教师资格证面试
初中英语教师资格证面试篇一：初中英语教师资格证面试问题汇总1、学高为师，身正为范。
对此你是怎样理解的？答：学高为师，身正为范是一句古话，它折射的是一种教育的哲理。
我认为“学高为师，身正为范。
”简短数字，精辟概括出教师风范。
“学高为师”说的是教师必须业务精炼，知识面广，有高超的教育教学能力。
因此，教师必须具有渊博的知识，高尚的情操，海一样的胸襟??“身正为范”，指得是“教师的职业是太阳低下最光荣的事业”，担负着培养祖国未来的特殊的历史使命，在学生的心目中，教师是智慧的代表，是高尚人格的化身，教师的言行就是道德标准。
因此，教育工的全部工作就是为人师表，即身正方能为范。
身正就要诚实正直，言行一致，语言文明，仪表大方，态度和蔼可亲，教态高雅洒脱。
时代在前进，形势在发展，知识也在不断更新，要努力做到“学高”“身正”，必须不断勤奋钻研，刻苦学习，加强自身修养。
因此，如果我能成为一名光荣的人民教师，成为一名传播人类文明的使者，在今后的工作中一定要注重为人师表，严格要求自已，从思想作风到生活作风，从言行到举止，从心灵到外表，都应体现教师应有的文明风度和良好的精神面貌，做一个“学高”“身正”的人民教师。
2、现代教学的核心理念是民主平等，你认为在教学中要特别尊重学生的哪些学习行为？答：现代教育的核心理念是民主平等，这也是新课程改革的教学理念，建立民主平等的师是关系可以说是新课程的一项重大变革，建立民主平等的师生关系，必须以教师与学生在教学中互相尊重为原则，因此从教师的角度来说，以下几项是需特别注意的：1、必须让学生的学习个性得到充分的张扬；教师必须把学生当作一个富有生命意义的活生生的人来看待，每一个人都会有自己的个性，教师要充分尊重学生的个性化学习行为；2、教师必须要充分发挥学生的个人特长，学生在学习的过程中肯定会学有所长，也会有一些掌握得不够好的知识，这时教师在尊重学生的兴趣爱好，发展他的特长，而不能以教师的眼光和要求去规范学生，要帮助学生以自己的特长激起学习的兴趣，以充分呵护他们的学习积极性；3、教师必须以平等中的首席出现在学生面前，既是学生学习中的导师，又是和学生一起学习的同伴，要充分理解和关注学生在学习中的困难，以更好地帮助他们解决学习中遇到的问题。
初中英语教师资格证
初中英语教师资格证随着中国基础教育的普及和发展，初中英语教师的需求也随之增加。
为了保证初中英语教师的教学质量和水平，教育部门对初中英语教师进行考核和认证，即初中英语教师资格证。
本文将就初中英语教师资格证的内容、申请条件以及获得资格证后的意义进行介绍和分析。
一、初中英语教师资格证的内容初中英语教师资格证的考试内容主要包括笔试和面试两个环节。
1. 笔试初中英语教师资格证的笔试主要考察教师的英语水平和教学能力。
笔试的题型包括选择题、填空题、简答题等，涵盖英语知识体系的多个方面，如词汇、语法、阅读理解、写作等。
通过笔试，可以初步考察教师的英语基础和综合应用能力。
2. 面试初中英语教师资格证的面试主要考察教师的教学能力和专业素养。
面试的内容包括教学设计、教学过程演示、教学方法与技巧、教学理念等方面。
通过面试，可以综合评估教师的教学能力和教学思路，以及与学生的互动和沟通能力。
二、初中英语教师资格证的申请条件要获得初中英语教师资格证，申请者需要满足以下条件：1. 学历要求申请者需要具有本科及以上学历，且所学专业与英语教育相关。
这样的要求是为了保证教师具备扎实的英语学科知识和相应的教学能力。
2.培训经历申请者需要参加相关的英语教师资格证培训。
培训内容包括教学理论和教学实践，旨在提高教师的教学能力和专业素养。
3.教学经验申请者需要具备一定的教学经验，如实习教学、校内外教学实践等。
教学经验可以锻炼教师的教学能力和教学逻辑，为获得资格证打下基础。
三、初中英语教师资格证的意义获得初中英语教师资格证对教师和学校都有一定的意义。
1.教师个人获得资格证可以提升教师的专业素质和教学水平，为教师的职业发展创造更多机会。
资格证是教师的教学能力的一种证明和保证，可以增加教师的竞争力，提高教师的职业认同感和自信心。
2.学校拥有持证教师可以提升学校的整体教学质量和声誉。
持证教师通常具备较好的教学能力和实践经验，可以为学生提供更高质量的教育服务。
(2023)上半年教师资格证《初中英语》考试真题库及参考答案(通用版)
（2023）上半年教师资格证《初中英语》考试真题库及答案（通用版）—、单选题（在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一个最符合题目要求的选项）1.Would you ** a cup of coffee_ shall we get down to business rightaway?A.orB.andC.thenD.otherwise[答案] A2.Which of the following *** short vowel in English?A./j/B./e/C./au/D./w/[答案] B3.Mr. Smith is surprised to ***** Siamak has written_ essays on Victorian novels in his class.A.the nextB.the otherC.the mostD.the more[答案] C4.That prestigious university has made it clear to all aoolicants that ***★can be_ for a scholarship this一quarter without a good internship. A.eligibleB.legiblepliablepliant[答案] A5.We are very sorry to announce that a couple of showrooms in thecastle are closed for ****A.permanentlyB.curentlyC.eventuallyD.perpetually6.Which of the following two-syllable words has adifferent stress patternfromthe***?A.TyphoonB.balloonC.shampooD.crayon[答案]D7.Alex specializes in_ medical science in this graduate school and plansto****_doctor upon graduation.A.a...theB.the...aC./..aD.a...[答案] C8.The reason why 1 want**** up the plan is__ if i don' t, my employerwill be mad at me.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.since[答案] B9.Which of the *** correctly describes ***semantic features of the word"girl"?A.[-Human-Male- Adult]B.[+Human+Male-Adult]C.[+Human-Male+Adult]D.[+Human-Male-Adult][答案] D10.What is the relationship between the two sentences “The stress is on documentary and rightly so. Arty photographs are a bore."A.Phenomenon-reasonB.Problem-solutionC.Instrument-achievementD.Cause-consequence[答案] A11.Like and bike, bat and pat, look and book are examples of used in teaching pronunciation.A.alliterationB.rhythmC.weak formsD.minimal pairs[答案] D12.When students are ***to listen to a *** and read after it, they ** doingA.free practiceB.guided practiceC.meaningful practiceD.controlled practice[答案] D13.When designing a **, teachers should take the following aspectsinto*****EXCEPT_.A.pacing and groupingB.materials and sourcesC.learning skills and strategiesD.teachers' interest and preferences[答案] D14.Which of the *** activities is suitable to be conducted ** the"****"stage?A.DebatingB.****C.****D.Repeating[答案] A15.Which of the fo1*** might be most appropriate to developing students****thinking through reading?A.Students read a story and study grammar rules.B.Students listen to a story and read it aloud.C.Students read a story and evaluate it.D.Students read a story and recite it. .[答案] C16.When a**** says,"Sory, 1 didn"t get what you said.Can you say it***?" , he/she is__A.offering an opinionB.asking for adviceC.asking for clarificationD.checking instruction[答案] C17.When students take an end-of-term exam to assess how well they have learnt in the past term, they are taking a(n)A.aptitude testB.proficiency testC.placement testD.achievement test [答案] D18.Which of the **** is least important in developing school-basedteaching ****?A.Students' level and interest.B.Teachers' professional expertise.C.The aim and need of your school.D.The form of the teaching materials.[答案] D19.Which of the *** strategies *** best facilitate peer learning in writing?A.Asking students to their peers' writing.B Providing students with an evaluation checklist.C.Encouraging students to give only positive feedback.D.Instructing students to focus on only one type of eror.[答案] A20.According to the Input Hypothesis, a teacher shouldA.provide students with whatever materials he/she can findB.choose language materials lower than students' current levelC.provide students with as much authentic language as possibleD.choose language materials a lttle higher than students' current level[答案] D阅读理解，回答21-25题Passage 1I taught in a public*** for 10 years. Now, preparing pre-service teachers, I havea different perspective on their lives. Here are some truths I share with them.As a young teacher, I ** that loving to be with kids would be enough to get me through long days. I discovered early on that teaching is a hardjob **.It'S so much more than helping kids and creating engaging assignments; it is conferences,***grading and paperwork.No one told me that annual class pictures would document my out-of-date clothes, unfashionable hairstyles, and fluctuating body mass. Luckily, in my younger years, I instead mindlessly tossed them in a ** drawer and let them accumulate over the years, I am so glad I did. Those embarrassing class pictures now make up the bulk of my "why I love teaching" emergency box. On a day when I need some reminding of why I keep plugging along, I pull those *** out and flip through the memories I made with them. Don' t get me wrong, there are some pictures that make me ask, "How did weever survive?" But even those moments make me smile because we did survive and, in many cases,we thrived. They are a great reminder of how my work and passion have influenced those students'lives.You have to come to the classroom with a deep understanding of your role and howit extends.Early on in my career, I complained to a colleaguethat I was a classroom teacher, so why was I being asked to be a mom, nurse, custodian, therapist,social worker, cheer leader, and judge and jury? Mycolleague said,***are what the kids need you to be at that moment." At the time, her advice didn' t help,but I later realized how right she was. Students are people too, and just like us grown-ups. Be empathetic and take care of your students' needs.That is the unwritten role of the teacher.I'm probably not the first or last teacher to strive for perfection in every ***** spent too much time in my younger days thinking that once I had more experience with the curriculum, once I had a different mix of students, and once I mastered classroom ****. I would be able to deliver flawless lessons. What I have come to realize is that the land of perfect lessons doesn' t exist. We are human beings who are tasked with working with other*****. That adds up to a whole lot offallible human beings in one classroom. You' II never be able to predict how every student **** in every moment or how you will adjust to the hurdles you face each day. Be as gentle, patient, and *** with yourself as you are with your students.Those children in ** you are also the ***joy of their families.You've been given the privilege of educating them.Parents are not hiding the good ones at home and sending you the rambunctious ones for ****. Youare getting the best they' ve got. Spend time building relationships.You will want to quit and plan a new *** that has nothing to do with kid,****twice as much and provides the freedom to use the restroom on a whim. You' II**a time when you will sit down to eat lunch. ****..I hope you will spend some time thinking about your "bigger purpose." And with that *** of purpose, I hope that you will pause and remember what brought you to the profession in the first place.21. What has made the **** * understand those ***** roles of a teacher?A.Her students' expectations.B.Her collague' S timely advice.C.Her sympathy with her students.D.Her awareness of student' s needs.[答案] D22. Why does the *** call her desk drawer an“emergency box” in Paragraph 4?A.Because it reminds her of her purpose of teaching when something unexpressed occurs.B.Because it wakes up her memory of how they have pulled themselves through hard times.C.Because it brings back her old and unfashionable image as a young teacher.D.Because it records all sacrifices she has made for her students over the years.[答案] A23. Which of the **** summarizes the *** idea of Paragraph 5?A.The notion of perfect lessons is not well grounded at all.B.Good classroom management is essential to flawless lessons.C.Kids are unaware of the mistakes their teachers make in class.D.Both teachers and students tend to make mistakes in classroom.[答案] A24. What does the author *** to share with pre-service teachers at****end of the****7A.Teachers are free to decide whether to quit or continue their jobs.B.Don' t easily give up your teaching career considering its significance.C.Don' t enter the workforce if you are not prepared with a bigger purpose.D.Teachers are able to find jobs that are less demanding yet more rewarding.[答案] B25. Which of the following******in meaning to.the underlined phrase "take a toll on "in the 1a*****.A.Be in charge ofB.Be dependent onC.Have an effect onD.Take advantage of[答案] C阅读理解，回答26-30题Passage 2 As a species, **** *incredibly smart. We tell stories, create magnificent art and astounding technology,build cities, and explore space. We haven't been aroundnearly as long as many other species, but in many respects we' ve accomplishedmore than any *. We eat them and they don' t eat us. We even run scientific***on them--and are thinking about re-creating**** those that have gone extinct. But our intelligence comes with a curious caveat: our babies are among the dumbest-or,rather,the most helpless--that exist.A baby******an stand within an hour of birth, and can even***** flee predators on its frst day of life. A baby monkey can grasp its mother and hang on forprotection and nourishment. **** infantcan' t even hold up its own head.The evolution of ***intelligence isn' t something that Celeste Kidd had ever pondered. A developmental cognitive scientist who currently works at theUniversity of Rochester, her work had focussed mostly on learning and decision-making in children. Over years of ***oung children, she became impressed with the average child' s level of sophistication. But when she looked at the ****sh encountered, she saw a baffling **** ofhelplessness: How *** *they be so incompetent one second and so so soon ***** One day, she posed the question to her colleague Steven Piantadosi."Both of us wondered what could possibly justify the degree of helplessness human infants ** she told me ****. "Even other primate babies, like baby chimps, whichare close in evolutionary terms, can cling onto their moms." She began to see a contradiction: ***are born quite helpless, far more so than any other primate, but, fairly early on, we start becoming quite smart, again far more so than any other primate. What if this weren' t *** so much as a causal pathway?That' s the argument that Kidd and ***make in their new paper, published in a June issue of PNAS.Humans become so intelligent because *** infantsare so incredibly helpless, they argue; the one necessitates the other.The theory is startling, but it isn't entirely new. *** have been pondering the peculiarities of our birth and its evolutionary significance for ***some ***. Humans *** to the subset of mammals,**** viviparous mammals, that give live birthto their young. This*** that infants must grow to a mature enough state inside thebody to be born, but they can' t be so big that they are unable to come out. This leads to a trade-of: the more******an animal is, the larger its head generally is, but the birth canal imposes an upper limit o1n just how large that head can***it gets stuck. The brain, therefore,must keep maturing, and th*****continue growing,long after birth. *** intelligent an animal will eventually be, the mor*****immature its brain is at birth.Researchers have long known **** * trade-off,***** the connection between brain size and neural density and intelligence. For instance, Robin **** found that the ratio of neocortical volume to brain size can predict the social-group size ina**** of species, **** bats, cetaceans, and primates,while Simon Reader has demonstrated links in tool use and innovation to brain size in primates. Kidd and * **** new idea is that increased helplessness******mandates increased **** in parents--and that a runawayselection dynamic can account for both. Natural selection favors humans with******because those humans tend to be smarter. This may create evolutionary incentives for babies**** born at an even earlier developmental stage,**** require more intelligence to ***.* This creates the dynamic: over time,helpless babies make parents more ****.which makes babies more helpless, which makes the***** intelligent, and so on.26.According to paragraph 1, *** of the following is true?A.Some species are smarter than human beings.B. Extinct species have been re-created by scientists.C.Babies of other species are smarter than human infants.D.Fewer species are earlier inhabitants than human beings.[答案] C27. What surprised* *** Kidd regarding children's *** maturation?A.Infants' helplessness when they are born.B.Children' S high intelligence when they grow up.C.Children' S leap from helplessness to sophistication.D.Children' S incompetence in learning and decision-making.[答案] C28. What can we *** form Paragraph 3 ** *brain development?A.Babies' helplessness at birth is an indication of human intelligenceB.Other mammal brains are more mature than human brain at birth.C.Only itelligent mammals give live birth to their babies.D.All animal brains are equally immature at their birth.[答案] A29. What is the main **** author intends toconvey?A.Newborns helplessness facilitates the development of parent' s intelligence.B.The 1arger the brain of a species, the larger its social-group size.rge brain size contributes to better tool use and innovation.D.Human beings with large brains are not necessarily smarter.[答案] A30. Which of *** following title ***describes the passage?A.Why are babies so dumb if humans are so smart?B.Why do babies learn faster than other mammal babies?C.Why is human' S intelligence higher than that of other animals?D.Why is the development of human brains slower than that of other animals? [答案] A简答题针对相关问题作出简明扼要的回答。
初中教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》考试大纲
初中教师资格证考试《英语学科知识与教学能力》考试大纲一、考试目标1．英语学科知识与能力具有扎实的英语语言基础知识和语言能力；具备从事初中英语教学所需要的英语语言能力；能理解有关英语国家的语言、历史和文化等相关知识。
2．英语学科教学知识与能力掌握外语教学基本理论、英语教学专业知识与国家英语课程标准内容等学科教学知识，并能用以指导初中英语教学。
3．英语学科教学设计能力能够根据英语学科特点，针对初中学生的认知特点、语言水平和学习需要选择并设计合理的教学内容，形成完整合理的教学方案。
4．英语学科教学实施能力理解初中英语课堂教学实施的基本原则和方法，具备实施语言课堂教学的基本能力；能够根据教学设计，结合教学实际情况，采用恰当的教学手段，引导学生进行有效学习。
5．英语学科教学评价知识与能力了解初中英语课堂教学评价的基本知识和方法，能够对学生的语言学习进行恰当的评价；了解教学反思的基本方法和策略，能够对自己的课堂教学实践进行反思，提出改进的思路。
二、考试模块内容与要求（一）语言知识与能力1．掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。
2．具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。
3．能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。
（二）语言教学知识与能力1．了解外语教学基本理论，理解语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观等对初中英语教学的指导作用。
2．理解《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》的目标内容（语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识），以及课程标准的其他相关知识，并能在教学设计与实施中运用。
3．掌握英语语言知识（语音、词汇、语法、语篇等）的教学基本原则、讲解和练习方法。
4．掌握英语语言技能（听、说、读、写）的教学原则和训练方法。
初中英语学科教师资格证
第一章英语语言基础知识第一节中学英语语音知识一，字母，音素（phoneme）和音标（phoneme symbol）：1. 根据发音时是否受到发音器官的阻碍以及阻碍程度，将26个英文字母分为元音字母： a e i o u半元音字母：w y辅音：其他（注）区分元音vowels的方法：舌头抬起的高度——高中低舌头最高部分的位置——前中后元音的长度或紧度——长元音短元音唇的圆展度——圆唇非圆唇2.英语音素：（注）英语音标发音方法巧记：·/p/ ，/t/，/k/，/f/ ，/s/，/b/，/d/，/g/，/z/，/h/，/r/，/m/，/n/，/j/，/ w/与汉语拼音了的声母发音一致。
· /θ/像一张嘴，咬住舌头，正是这个音标的发音。
/ð/与之相同，只不过清浊有变化。
· /v/就是拼音的w（乌）。
· /ʃ/是拼音的sh（师）。
· /ts/是拼音的c（次）。
· /tʃ/是拼音的ch（吃）。
· /tr/发音像汉字“戳”· /ʒ/是拼音的r（日）。
· /dz/很难表达啊...有z（资）的音，但是前面浊化了。
· /dʒ/是拼音的zh（知）。
· /dr/读“捉”· /ŋ/是拼音的ng（就是ang eng ing ong的后半部分）二，语音的变化：1.音节：一个音节至少有一个元音字母1）重读：Stressed2）3）连音：liaison●辅音+元音●R/re+元音●辅音+半元音●元音+元音4）音的同化：assimilation1 因唇形的影响而发生的同化：（1）[n], [d], [t]在双唇音[m], [b], [p]前面被同化，如ten men (十个人)（2）双唇音[p]后面的[n]变成[m], 如：open (打开)2 因声带的影响而发生的同化：（1）浊辅音可变为清辅音，如：of course （当然）（2）清辅音可变为浊辅音，如:like that (像那样)3 因发音部位的影响而发生的其他同化：（1）[s] 和[z]在ʃ或[j]前面被同化为ʃ和ʒ如：this shirt （这件衬衣）（2）[t], [d], [s]和[z]在[j]前面和[j]合并为tʃ，dʒ，ʃ和ʒlast year （去年）Did you go? (你去了吗？)God bless you （上帝保佑你）Has your letter come? (你的信来了吗？)5）失去爆破音：❖爆破音+爆破音：前一个爆破音失去❖爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音❖爆破音/t,d/+鼻音/m,n/❖爆破音/t,d/+舌边音/l/第二章语言学与英语教学美国语言学家克拉申在20世纪70年代提出了“语言习得”理论，认为人们掌握语言有两种方式，一种是习得Acquisition 无意识的逐渐掌握母语，一种是学习learning,一般指学习母语之外的第二种语言。
2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves→ ←.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she lived on the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased thatwriting was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the actthat speaks louder than words. The underlined word “gulf” in the passage means→ ←.A. deep understanding between the old and the youngB. different ideas between the mother and the daughterC. free talks between mother and daughterD. part of the sea going far in land3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke-Mandeville, Englandin 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been askedby the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroadto Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Gamesfor the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, althoughthey are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding,and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small sourceof disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded. The first games for the disabled were held→ ←after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.A. 40 yearsB. 21 yearsC. 10 yearsD. 9 years4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough tosee above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking atthe ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. Butas a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she livedon the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.Iwrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew thatI had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—a photo of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the act that speaks louder than words. The passage shows that→ ←.A. mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughterB. mother was too serious about everything her daughter had doneC. mother eared much about her daughter in wordsD. mother wrote to her daughter in careful words5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In which of the following situations is the teacher playing the role of observer?→ ←A. Giving feedback and dealing with errors.B. Organizing students to do activities by giving instructions.C. Walking around to see how each student performs in group work.D. Offering help to those who need it both in ideas and language.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) One evening, while Marcos Ugarte was doing his homework and his father, Eduardo, prepared lesson plans, they heard someone yelling outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the porch of their home in Troutdale, Oregon, and saw a commotion four doors d own, outside the home of their neighbors, the Ma family. “I didn’t think anything was wrong.” Eduardo recalls. “I told Marcos we should give them some privacy.” He headed back inside, but Marcos’s eye was caught by a glow from the Ma house."Dad, the house is on fire!” Marcos cried.Clad only in shorts, the barefoot teen sprinted toward the Ma’s home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front lawn yelling for help. When the Ugartes got there，they saw father Alex Ma stumbling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with soot."Is anyone else in the house?” Eduardo asked."My son!” Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and intense heat forced him to his knees. He crawled upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himselfin a bedroom.As the fire raged across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the doorknob. Cody didn’t respond Eduardo made his way back downstairs.Meanwhile, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. “Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,"says Marcos, "I knew I had to do something.” He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed toward the boy.When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and coaxed Cody out. “It’s OK.” Marcos told him. “I‘ve got you.”Holding Cody with one arm. Marcos descended the ladder.When firefighters arrived, plumes of black smoke were billowing from the back of the house as flames engulfed the second floor. Emergency personnel took Cody to a nearby hospital,where he was treated for smoke inhalation and released. No one else was injured. The causeof the blaze is still under investigation."You just don’t see a teenager have that kind of→ composure←," says Mark Maunder, GreshamFire Department battalion chief.The Ma family relocated. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. “Than k you for savingmy son.” Alex said. “You are his hero forever.”What does the underlined word “composure” in the last but one PARAGRAPH mean?→ ←.A. sympathyB. braveryC. calmnessD. warm-heartedness7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes, if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The truecost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up someof society's available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants ofthe community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of makingit, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather,the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of thesein- puts, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere-if the leather can be usedto produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bidup correspondingly. W hat does this passage mainly discuss?→ ←A. The scarcity of manufactured goods.B. The value of scarce materials.C. The manufacturing of scarce goods.D. The cost of producing shoes.8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Writing exercises like copying, fill-in, completions and transformation are mainly the type of exercises used in→ ←.A. controlled writingB. guided writingC. flee writingD. expressive writing9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following consonants doesn't fall under the same category according to the voicing?________A. [m]B. [b]C. [d]D. [p]10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is most suitable for the cultivation of linguistic competence?→ ←A. sentence-makingB. cue-card dialogueC. simulated dialogueD. learning syntax11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of phonetic features characterizes the English phoneme [u:]?→ ←A. [high, back, rounded]B. [high, back, unfounded]C. [low, back, rounded]D. [low, front unfounded]12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke-Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can’t enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in→ ←.A. New YorkB. LondonC. RomeD. Los Angeles13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I’m going to study engineering in Peking University tomorrow.—→ ←.A. All the best in your studyB. All the best with your studyC. All the best in your businessD. All the best in your new job14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The doctor→ ←a medicine for my headache.A. subscribedB. describedC. prescribedD. inscribed15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a lady customer intends to buy a coat with white stripes,what is she supposed to place an emphasis on if she says to the shop assistant?________A. I'd like a Red coat with .white stripesB. I'd Like a red coat with white stripes.C. I'd like a red coat with White StripesD. I'd like a red Coat with white stripes16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What purpose does NOT post-listening activities serve?→ ←A. Helping students relate the text with their personal experience.B. Offering students the opportunities of extending other language skills.C. Practicing students’ ability of matching the pre-listing predictions with contents ofthe text.D. Give the answer directly to students and not to explain.17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities can be adopted at thepre-reading stage?→ ←.A. rearranging the materialsB. brainstorming the topicC. writing a summary of the textD. draft framework18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativityhas remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bringforth new forces and forms that cause change to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.Landscape(风景)is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists.In the 1970s, Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of thesame scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of lonelinessand the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings,there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highwayin the hack: ground. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photographyto help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw realityin brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and theCro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests.To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Manyand different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. Which of the following is the ma in topic of the passage?→ ←A. History of the arts.B. Basic questions of the arts.C. New developments in the arts.D. Use of modem technology in the arts.19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) By the end of last year, nearly a million cars→ ←in that auto factory.A. had producedB. had been producedC. would be producedD. were produced20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←the temperature might drop, coal was prepared for warming.A. To considerB. ConsideredC. ConsideringD. To be considered21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←a moment and I will go to your rescue.A. Go onB. Hold onC. Move toD. Carry on22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The study of language development over a period of time is generally called→ ←linguistics.A. appliedB. synchronicC. comparativeD. diachronic23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is a slip of tongue?→ ←A. Seeing is believing.B. Where there is smoke, there is fire.C. Where there is life, there is hope.D. Where there is a way, there is a will.24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements is NOT a way of presenting new vocabulary?_A. Defining.B. Using real objects.C. Writing a passage by using new words.D. Giving explanations.25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers(慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great."Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my opinion.First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet a real pounding(追击)ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I readabout a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, "I love being out there with just my thoughts." Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week, it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I’m walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape. What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?→ ←A. He felt it was worth a try.B. He was very fond of it.C. He was strongly against it.D. He thought it must be painful.26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teach listening, he is likely to present_____.A. new words after playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. Pruning should b e done to→ ←.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements about Audio-lingual Methodis wrong?→ ←A. The method involves giving the learner stimuli in the form of prompts.B. The method involves praising the correct response or publishing incorrect response untilthe right one is given.C. Mother tongue is accepted in the classroom just 8s the target language.D. Emphasis is laid upon using oral language in the classroom; some reading and writing mightbe done as homework.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough tosee above the top of it as mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking atthe ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.Years later, during her final illness, mother kept different things for my sister and brother.“But the desk.” she’d said again, “It's for Elizabeth.”I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. Butas a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.They never happened. And a gulf o pened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she livedon the surface”.As years passed I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family.Iwrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that shedid forgive me.I posted the letter and waited for her answer.None came.My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace—it seemed that nothing happene I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to mother.I only knew thatI had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.Now the present of her desk told, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside—aphoto of my father and a one—page letter, folded and refolded many times.Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always choose the actthat speaks louder than words. What did mother do with her daughter's letter asking forgiveness?A. She had never received the letter.B. For years, she often talked about the letter.C. She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life.D. She read the letter again and again till she die.30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It was not→ ←she took off her dark glasses→ ←I realized she was a famous actress.A. when; thatB. until; thatC. until; whenD. when; then31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments-mostly for entertainment purposes is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain "collections" of interesting "things" rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored， lonely, and far from their natural homes.Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species， but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural range. The animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals natural needs.The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A world-wide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Havent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by→←.A. pointing out the faults in what zoos doB. using evidence he has collected at zoosC. questioning the way animals are protectedD. discussing the advantages of natural habitats32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When Thomas Butler stepped off a plane in April 2002 on his return to the United States from a trip to Tanzania, he set in motion a chain of events that now threatens to destroy his life. A microbiologist at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Butler was bringing back samples of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis for his research. Yet on re-entering the country, he is alleged to have passed right by US customs inspectors without notifying them that he was carrying this potentially deadly cargo. That move and its consequences have led the federal government to prosecute Butler for a range of offences. If convicted on all counts, he could be fined millions of dollars and spend the rest of his life in jail.The US scientific community has leapt to butlers defense, arguing that his prosecution is over- zealous, alarming and unnecessary. The presidents of the National Academy of Sciences。