美国对外贸易定义(中英文)
国际贸易实务 常用贸易术语中英对照
外销员资格考试重要考点一、国际货物买卖适用的法律与惯例INCOTERMS 2002，International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》URC 522，Uniform Rules for Collection《托收统一规则522》UCP 500，Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits 500《跟单信用证统一惯例》Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932《1932年华沙一牛津规则》Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》二、价格术语EXW(ex works)工厂交货FCA(free carrier)货交承运人FAS(free alongside ship)装运港船边交货FOB(free on board)装运港船上交货CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费CIF(cost，insurance and freight)成本加保险费、运费CPT(carriage paid to)运费付至CIP(carriage and insurance to)运费、保险费付至DAF(delivered at frontier)边境交货DES(delivered ex ship)目的港船上交货DEQ(delivered ex quay)目的港码头交货DDU(delivered duty unpaid)未完税交货DDP(delivered duty paid)完税后交货FOB liner terms FOB班轮条件FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB stowed FOB理舱费在内FOB trimmed FOB平舱费在内FOBST(FOB stowed and trimmed) FOB包括理舱费和平舱费在内的各项装船费用CFR liner terms CFR班轮条件CFR landed CFR卸至码头CFR ex tackle CFR吊钩下交货CFR ex ship's hold CFR舱底交货CIF liner terms CIF班轮条件CIF landed CIF卸至码头CIF ex tackle CIF吊钩下交货CIF ex ship's hold CIF舱底交货the seller's obligations卖方义务三、货物的品名、质量、数量与包装name of commodity 品名quality 0f goods品质condition合同要件actual quality实际品质sample样品sale by sample凭样品买卖quality as per seller's sample品质以卖方样品为准buyer's sample买方样品counter sample对等样品confirming sample确认样品for reference only仅供参考colour sample色样pattern sample款式样quality shall be about equal to the sample 品质与样品大致相同quality shall be nearly same as the sample品质与样品近似specification of goods商品规格sale by specification凭规格买卖FAQ，fair average quality 良好平均品质sale by descriptions and illustrations凭说明书和图样买卖trade mark商标sophisticated market精致市场name of origin产地名称quality tolerance 品质公差weigh重量metric ton公吨long ton长吨short ton短吨kilogram公斤gram克ounce盎司number数量piece件pair双set套dozen打roll卷ream令gross罗bag袋bale包length长度meter米foot英尺yard码area面积square foot平方英尺volume体积cubic yard立方码capacity容积bushel蒲式耳litre升gallon加仑the metric system公制the british system英制the U.S.system美制SI，the international system of units国际单位制gross weight毛重net weight净重gross for net以毛作净actual tare实际皮重real tare实际皮重average tare平均皮重customary tare 习惯皮重computed tare 约定皮重conditioned weight公量theoretical weight理论重量legal weight法定重量net net weight实物净重about大约circa近似approximate左右nude pack裸装in bulk散装full packed全部包装part packed局部包装shipping mark运输标志，唛头indicative mark指示性标志warning mark警告性标志UCC，Universal Code Council统一编码委员会UPC，Universal Product Code统一产品编码European Article Number Association欧洲物品编码协会EAN，European Article Number欧洲物品编码neutral pacing中性包装seaworthy packing海运包装inquiry询盘offer发盘counter offer还盘acceptance接受五、货物的保险general average共同海损particular average单独海损CIC，china insurance clauses中国保险条款FPA，free from particular average平安险WA，with average水渍险WPA，with particular average水渍险all risks一切险warehouse to warehouse clauses仓至仓条款ICC，Institute Cargo Clauses协会货物保险条款ICC(A)协会货物条款(A)ICC(B)协会货物条款(B)ICC(C)协会货物条款(C)Institute War Clauses协会战争险条款Institute Strikes Clauses协会罢工险条款Malicious Damage Clauses恶意损害险条款overland transportation risks陆运险overland transportation all risks陆运一切险air transportation risks航空运输险air transportation all risks航空运输一切险parcel post risks邮包险parcel post all risks邮包一切险insurance policy保险单insured被保险人premium保险费六、货物的价格of account计价货币money of payment支付货币commission佣金discount折扣allowance 折扣quantity discount数量折扣special discount特别折扣turnover bonus年终回扣七、货款的收付bill of exchange汇票draft汇票promissory note本票cheque 支票check支票drawee受票人payer付款人payee受款人banker's draft银行汇票commercial draft商业汇票clean bill光票documentary bill跟单汇票sight draft即期汇票time draft远期汇票usance draft远期汇票at×× days after sight见票后××天付款at××days after date出票后××天付款at ×× days after date of B/L提单签发日后××天付款fixed date指定日付款issue出票pay to the order of付给指定人pay to bearer付给持票人presentation提示acceptance承兑endorsement 背书negotiable instrument流通工具endorsee被背书人dishonour拒付dishonour by non-acceptance拒绝承兑protest拒付证书right of recourse追索权notary public法定公证人remittance汇付collection托收beneficiary收款人remitter汇款人remitting bank汇出行，托收银行collecting bank代收银行presenting bank提示银行paying bank汇人行M/T，mail transfer信汇T/T，telegraphic transfer 电汇remittance by banker's demand draft票汇open account transaction赊账业务financial documents金融单据commercial documents商业单据principal委托人clean collection光票托收documentary collection跟单托收D/P，document against payment付款交单D/A，document against acceptance承兑交单D/P at sight即期付款交单D/P after sight远期付款交单trust receipt信托收据IVC，letter of credit信用证applicant开证申请人opening bank开证行issuing bank开证行advising bank通知行notifying bank通知行negotiating bank议付行paying bank付款银行drawee bank付款银行confirming bank保兑银行reimbursement bank偿付银行reimbursement agent偿付代理人transferee受让人to open by airmail信开本to open by cable电开本brief cable简电本full cable全电本full details to follow详情后告SWIFT.Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication全球银行金融电讯协会undertaking clause承诺条款documentary credit跟单信用证clean credit光票信用证irrevocable L/C不可撤销信用证confirmed L/C保兑信用证sight payment credit即期付款信用证deferred payment credit延期付款信用证acceptance credit承兑信用证negotiatiorl credit议付信用证open negotiation credit公开议付信用证freely negotiation credit公开议付信用证restricted negotiation credit限制议付信用证transferable credit可转让信用证divisible credit可分割信用证fractionable credit可分开信用证assignable credit可让渡信用证transmissible credit可转移信用证revolving credit循环信用证reciprocal credit对开信用证back to back credit对背信用证anticipatory L/C预支信用证standby L/C备用信用证commercial Paper L/C商业票据信用证guarantee L/C担保信用证L/G，letter of guarantee保函demand guarantee见索即付保函unconditional L/G无条件保函guarantor担保人counter guarantor反担保人performance guarantee履约保函repayment guarantee还款保函八、商检commodity inspection商检shipping quality and wei曲t装运港检验，即离岸品质和离岸重量landed quality and wei曲t 目的港检验，即到岸品质和到岸重量shipping weight and landed quality离岸重量和到岸品质检验authentic surveyor公证行sworn measurer宣誓衡量人FDA美国食品药物管理局Underwriter's Laboratory担保人实验室Lloyd's Surveyor劳氏公证行SGS.Societe Generale de Surveillance S.A. 瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司inspection certificate商检证书inspection certificate of quality品质检验证书inspection certificate of quantity数量检验证书inspection certificate of weight重量检验证书inspection certificate of value价值检验证书inspection certificate of origin产地检验证书sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书disinfection inspection certificate消毒检验证书inspection certificate on damaged cargo验残检验证书ISO.the ntemational Organization for Standardazation国际标准化组织九、索赔discrepancy and claim clause异议与索赔条款penalty clause罚金条款force majeure不可抗力frustration of contract合同落空arbitration仲裁Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award《承认与执行外国仲裁裁决公约》，简称《1958年纽约公约》cargo manifest载货清单 .international factoring国际保理factor保理商Convention on International Factoring国际保理公约import factor进口保理商c.c.V.O.，Combined Certificate of Value and Origin估价和原产地联合证明书certified invoice证实发票receipt invoice(货款)收妥发票consular invoice领事发票GSP，Generalized System of Preferences普惠制packing list装箱单weight memo重量单short delivery短交short unloaded短卸10st in transit短失tally list理货单marine protest海难报告breach of contract违约十、贸易方式distribution经销distributor经销商sole distribution独家经销exclusive sMes包销agency代理agent代理人principal本人general agent总代理sole agent独家代理exclusive agent独家代理commission agent佣金代理consignment寄售consignor寄售人consignee代销人fairs and sales展卖international fair国际博览会Chinese Export Commodities Fair 中国出口商品交易会Guangzhou Trade Fair广州交易会invitation to tender招标submission of tender投标auction拍卖auctioneer拍卖人bidder竞买人Dutch auction荷兰式拍卖sealed bids密封递价拍卖closed bids密封递价拍卖brokerage经纪费futures trading期货交易CBOT芝加哥商品交易所CME芝加哥商业交易所COMEX纽约商品交易所NYMEX纽约商业交易所LME伦敦金属交易所futures market期货市场futures exchanges期货交易所spot现货to-arrive contract “到货”合同forward contract远期交货合同FCM，futures commission merchant期货佣金商clearing house 清算所margin system保证金制度，押金制度initial margin初始保证金original margin初始保证金variation margin追加保证金call margin追加保证金marking to the market逐日盯市hedger套期保值者hedging套期保值，海琴speculator投机者selling hedge卖期保值buying hedge买期保值basis trading基差交易ex-pit trade场外交易ex-change for physicals期货换现货ex-change for actuals期货换现货counter trade对销贸易barter trade易货贸易compensation trade补偿贸易counter purchase反购，互购switch trade转手贸易offset抵销十一、电子商务IT，information technology信息技术internet国际互联网VANs，value-added networks增值网络BBSs，bulletin board systems电子公告牌online services企业在线服务B2B，business-to-business商业机构对商业机构B2C，business-to-consumer商业机构对消费者B2A，business-to-administrations商业机构对行政机构C2A，consumer-to-administrations消费者对行政机构electronic marketplace电子虚拟市场digital economy数字化经济model law on electronic commerce电子商务示范法tlle buyer's obligations买方义务。
FOB术语在《2000通则》与《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本中》有何区别
FOB术语在《2000通则》与《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本中》有何区别？<2000年通则的FOB与1941年美国定义修正本>)的FOB术语比较第一，《2000年通则》与《定义修正本》关于FOB术语的范围不同。
《2000年通则》中的FOB，只有一种形式，是一个完整并有确切内涵的贸易术语，即船上交货，买卖双方之间的责任、费用和风险划分界限是装运港的船舷，我国实业界通常称为“离岸价格”。
《定义修正本》中的FOB有六种形式，仅有FOB则不完整，没有确切的内容，必须在FOB后附加说明。
因而两个惯例中的FOB囊括的范围不同，也就决定了两者性质的不同。
第二，《2000年通则》中的FOB与《定义修正本》中FOB的第五种形式FOB VESSEL的异同。
《2000年通则》中的FOB，卖方需负责出口清关，而FOB VESSEL中，卖方却没有办理出口清关手续及缴纳关税的义务。
《2000年通则》中的FOB卖方必须“给予买方关于货物已交至船上的充分的通知”，以便于买方办理投保并做好接货的准备工作，《定义修订本》中的FOB则没有作出这样具体的规定。
二、C．I．F．Cost，Insurance and Freight(…Named Port Of Destination),称“成本加运保费”或“保险费、运费在内价”，使用此条件要注明目的港。
使用这一术语，卖方负责租船或订舱，在合同规定的装运日期或期间内将货物装上运往指定目的港的船舶，负担货物装上船前的一切费用和风险，支付运费，办理保险，支付保险费。
这一术语也只适用于海洋和内河运输。
根据《INCOTERMS 2000》规定，C．I。
F．合同买卖双方的主要责任如下：1．卖方必须(1)负责租船或订舱，在合同规定的装运日期或期间内在装运港将货物装上船，支付至目的港的运费，并给予买方充分的通知。
(2)负担货物在装运港越过船舷为止的一切风险。
(3)负责办理货物运输保险，支付保险费。
2023年全套外贸术语贸易术语中英文对照
1. Trade-related Terms贸易有关术语A．贸易Foreign Trade对外贸易Entrepot Trade F。
）转口贸易Home（Domestic）Trade内贸Coastal Trade沿海贸易Cross-border Trade边境贸易Barter Trade易货贸易Compensation Trade赔偿（互补）贸易Bilateral trade（between China and the US）（中美）双边贸易Multilateral Trade ( Multilaterism )多边贸易Trading House/Corporation/Firm/Company贸易企业Liner Trade集装箱班轮运送B．协议Contract协议Active service contracts on file在备有效服务协议Sales Contract销售协议Sales Confirmation销售确认书Agreement协议Vessel sharing Agreement共用舱位协议Slot-sharing Agreement共用箱位协议Slot Exchange Agreement箱位互换协议Amendment修正协议Appendix附录Quota配额C．服务协议Service Contract as provided in the Shipping Act of 1984， a contract between a shipper（or a shippers association）and an ocean carrier（or conference）in which the shipper makes a commitmentto provide a certain minimum quantity of cargo or freight revenueover a fixed time period，and the ocean common carrier orconference commits to a certain rate or rate schedules as welas a defined service level（such as assured space，transit time，port rotation or similar service features）。
1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本
美国对外贸易定义1941年修正本（颁布日期：1941年7月30日实施日期:1941年7月30日时效性:有效)一九四一年七月三十日美国商会、美国进口商协会及全国对外贸易协会所组成的联合委员会通过。
序言一九一九年《美国对外贸易定义》的出版曾在澄清与简化对外贸易实务方面起过不少作用，并得到世界各国买卖双方的广泛承认和使用。
但自该定义出版以后，贸易习惯已有很多变化，因而在一九四○年举行的第二十七届全国对外贸易会议上强烈要求对它作进一步的修订与澄清，认为这对帮助对外贸易商处理业务是必要的。
兹推荐《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》供进口和出口商人共同使用。
此项修正本并无法律效力，除非有专门的立法规定或为法院判决所认可。
因此，为使其对各有关当事人产生法律上的约束力，建议买方与卖方接受此定义作为买卖合同的一个组成部分。
鉴于一九一九年以来贸易习惯和手续的演变，这次修正的定义中包括了卖方和买方的一些新的责任，并且在许多方面，对原有责任的解释也比一九一九年定义的解释清楚一些，这些修改对卖方和买方都是有益的。
广泛接受这次修订的定义，将导致对外贸易手续的标准化，并避免许多误解。
卖方和买方采用此修正的定义，将使各有关当事人对其责任和权利更加明确。
注意要点１．由于世界各地有很多机构都分别提出了对外贸易定义，而很多国家的法院对这些定义各有不同的解释，所以由卖方和买方一致同意他们所订的合同以《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》为准，并接受《定义》所列各点，这是很有必要的。
２．除下列对外贸易的术语外，还有一些有时使用的术语，如港口交货（ＦｒｅｅＨａｒｂｏｒ），成本加保险费、运费、佣金（Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．＆Ｃ），成本加保险费、运费、利息（Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．＆Ｉ．），成本加保险费、运费、佣金、利息（（Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．Ｃ．＆Ｉ．），成本加保险费、运费并卸到岸上（Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．Ｌａｎｄｅｄ），以及其他。
除非事先已经准确地理解它们的确切含义，这些术语都不宜使用。
美国对外贸易定义1990年修正版
International Trade Rules Home > HelperRevised American Foreign Trade Definitions, 1990FOREWORDSince the issuance of American Foreign Trade Definitions in 1919 many changes in practice have occurred. The 1919 Definitions did much to clarify and simplify foreign trade practice, and received wide recognition and use by buyers and sellers throughout the world. At the Twenty Seventh National Foreign Trade Convention, 1940, further revision and clarification of these Definitions was urged as necessary to assist the foreign trader in the handling of his transactions. The following Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions - 1990 are recommended for general use by both exporters and importers. These revised definitions have no status at law unless there is specific legislation providing for them, or unless they are confirmed by court decisions. Hence, it is suggested that seller and buyers agree to their acceptance as part of the contract of sale. These revised definitions will then become legally binding upon all parties.In view of changes in practice and procedure since 1941, certain new responsibilities for sellers and buyers are included in these revised definitions. Also, in many instances, the old responsibilities are more clearly defined than in the 1941 Definitions, and the changes should be beneficial both to sellers and buyers. Widespread acceptance will lead to a greater standardization of foreign trade procedure, and to the avoidance of much misunderstanding.Adoption by exporters and importers of these revised terms will impress on all parties concerned their respective responsibilities and rights.General Notes of Caution1. As foreign trade definitions have been issued by organizations in various parts of the world, and as the courts of countries have interpreted these definitions in different ways, it is important that sellers and buyers agree that their contracts are subject to the Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions- 1990 and that the various points listed are accepted by both parties.2. In addition to the foreign trade terms listed herein, there are terms that are at times used, such as Free Harbor, C.I.F.&C. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission), C.I.F.C.&I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Commission, and Interest), C.I.F. Landed (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Landed), and others. None of these should be used unless there has first been a definite understanding as to the exact meaning thereof, It is unwise to attempt to interpret other terms in the light of the terms given herein. Hence, whenever possible, one of the terms defined herein should be used.3. It is unwise to use abbreviations in quotations or in contracts which might be subject to misunderstanding.4. When making quotations, the familiar terms "hundredweight" or "ton" should be avoided. A hundredweight can be 100 pounds of the short ton, or 112 pounds of the long ton. A ton can be a short ton of 2,000 pounds, or a metric ton of 2,204.6 pounds, or a long ton of 2,240 pounds. Hence, the type of hundredweight or ton should be clearly stated in quotations and in sales confirmations. Also, all terms referring to quantity, weight, volume, length, or surface should be clearly definedand agreed upon.5. If inspection, or certificate of inspection, is required, it should be agreed, in advance, whether the cost thereof is for account of seller or buyer.6. Unless otherwise agreed upon, all expenses are for the account of seller up to the point at which the Buyer must handle the subsequent movement of goods.7. There are a number of elements in a contract that do not fall within the scope of these foreign trade definitions. Hence, no mention of these is made herein. Seller and buyer should agree to these separately when negotiating contracts. This particularly applies to so-called "customary" practices.DEFINITIONS OF QUOTA TIONS(I) EXW (Ex Works - named place)"Ex Factory", "Ex Mill", "Ex Mine", "Ex Plantation", "Ex Warehouse",etc. (named point of origin)Under this term, the price quoted applies only at the point of origin, and the seller agrees to place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed. Under this quotation :Seller must (1) bear all costs and risks of the goods until such time as the buyer is obliged to take delivery therof ;(2) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) take delivery of the goods as soon as they have been placed at his disposal at the agreed place on the date or within the period fixed ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or changes, if any, levied because of exportation ;(3) bear all costs and risks of the goods from the time when he is obligated to take delivery whereof ;(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation or of importation at destination.(II) F.O.B.(Free on Board)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "Comments on all F.O.B. Terms" given at the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under the several classes of "F.O.B." terms.(II-A) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland pointof departure)"Under this terms, the price quoted applies only at inland applies only at inland shipping point, andthe seller arranges for loading of the goods on, or in, railway cars, trucks, lighters, barges, aircraft, or other conveyance furnished for transportation.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading ;(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight collect ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed in, or on, conveyance at loading point, and clean bill of lading other transportation receipt has been furnished by the carrier ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipments, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland point of loading and pay all transportation costs ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after loading at named inland point of departure ;(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.(II-B) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland point ofdeparture) Freight Prepaid To (named point of exportation)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including transportation charges to the named point of exportation and prepays freight to named point of exportation, without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) assume the seller's obligations as under II-A. except that under (2) he must provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight prepaid to named point of exportation. Buyer must (1) assume the same buyer's obligation as under II-A, except that he does not pay freight from loading point to named point of exportation.(II-C) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at named inland point ofdeparture) Freight Allowed To (named point)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the transportation charges to the named point, shipping freight collect and deducting the cost of transportation, without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) assume the same seller's obligations as under II-A, but deducts from his invoice the transportation cost to named point.Buyer must (1) assume the same buyer's obligations as under II-A, including payment of freightfrom inland loading point to named point, for which seller has made deduction.(II-D) "F.O.B.(named inland carrier at namedpoint of exportation)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the costs of transportation of the goods to named point of exportation, bearing any loss or damage, or both, incurred up to that point.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading ;(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, paying all transportation costs from loading point to named point of exportation ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland conveyance at named point of exportation ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after goods have arrived in, or on, inland conveyance at the named point of exportation ;(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.(II-E) "F.O.B. Vessel (named port of shipment)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price covering all expenses up to, and including, delivery of the goods upon the overseas vessel provided by, or for, the buyer at the named port of shipment. Under this quotation :Seller must (1) pay all charges incurred in placing goods actually on board the vessel designated and provided by, or for, the buyer on the date or within the period fixed ;(2) provide clean ship's receipt or on-board bill of lading ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed on board the vessel on the date or within the period fixed ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the vessel ;(2) bear the additional costs incurred and all risks of the good from the time when the seller has placed them at his disposal if the vessel named by him fails to arrive or to load within the designated time ;(3) handle all subsequent movement of the goods to destination ;(a) provide and pay for insurance ;(b) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation ;(4) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, after goods have been loaded on board the vessel ;(6) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than ocean ship's receipt or bill of lading, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.(II-F) "F.O.B.(named inland point in countryof importation)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of the merchandise and all costs of transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) provide and pay for all transportation to the named inland point in the country of importation ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) provide and pay for marine insurance ;(4) provide and pay for war risk insurance, unless otherwise agreed upon between the seller and buyer ;(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until arrival of goods on conveyance at the named inland point in the country of importation ;(6) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for the importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country ;(7) pay all costs of landing, including wharfage, landing charges, and taxes, if any ;(8) pay all costs of customs entry in the country of importation ;(9) pay customs duties and all taxes applicable to imports, if any, in the country of importation. Note : The seller under this quotation must realize that he is accepting important responsibilities, costs, and risks, and should therefore be certain to obtain adequate insurance. On the other hand, the importer or buyer may desire such quotations to relieve him of the risks of the voyage and to assure him of his landed costs at inland point in country of importation. When competition is keen, or the buyer is accustomed to such quotations from other sellers, seller may quote such terms, being careful to protect himself in an appropriate manner.Buyer must (1) take prompt delivery of goods from conveyance upon arrival at destination.(2) bear any costs and be responsible for all loss or damage, or both, after arrival at destination.Comments on All F.O.B. TermsIn connection with. F.O.B. terms, the following points of caution are recommended :1. The method of inland transportation, such as trucks, railroad cars, lighters, barges, or aircraft should be specified.2. If any switching charges are involved during the inland transportation, it should be agreed, in advance, whether these charges are for account of the seller or the buyer.3. The term "F.O.B. (named port)", without designating the exact point at which the liability of the seller terminates and the liability of the buyer begins, should be avoided. The use of this term gives rise to disputes as to the liability of the seller or the buyer in the event of loss or damage arising while the goods are in port, and before delivery to or on board the ocean carrier. Misunderstandings may be avoided by naming the specific point of delivery.4. If lighterage or trucking is required in the transfer of goods from the inland conveyance to ship's side, and there is a cost therefor, it should be understood, in advance, whether this cost is for account of the seller or the buyer.5. The seller should be certain to notify the buyer of the minimum quantity required to obtain a carload, a truck-load, or a barge-load freight rate.6. Under F.O.B. terms, excepting "F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation)", the obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, rests with the buyer. Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades the seller obtains the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for shipment on behalf of the buyer. Hence, seller and Buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will obtain the ocean freight space, marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or whether the seller agrees to do this for the buyer.7. For the seller's protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.(III) F.A.S. (Free Along Side)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "Comments" given of the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under "F.A.S." terms."F.A.S. Vessel (named port of shipment)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including delivery of the goods along side overseas vessel and within reach of its loading tackle.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) place goods along side vessel or on dock designated and provided by, or for, buyer on the date or within the period fixed ; pay any heavy lift charges, where necessary, up to this point ;(2) provide clean dock or ship's receipt ;(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been delivered along side the vessel or on the dock ;(4) render the buyer, at the buyer's request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.Buyer must (1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the vessel ;(2) handle all subsequent movement of the goods from along side the vessel :(a) arrange and pay for demurrage or storage charges, or both, in warehouse or on wharf, where necessary ;(b) provide and pay for insurance ;(c) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation ;(3) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(4) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, while the goods are on a lighter or other conveyance along side vessel within reach of its loading tackle, or on the dock awaiting loading, or until actually loaded on board the vessel, and subsequent thereto ;(5) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than clean dock or ship's receipt, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.F.A.S. Comments1. Under F.A.S. terms, the obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, rests with the buyer. Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades the seller obtains ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for shipment on behalf of the buyer, In others, the buyer notifies the seller to make delivery along side a vessel designated by the buyer and the buyer provided his own marine and war risk insurance. Hence, seller and Buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will obtain the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or whether the seller agrees to do this for the buyer.2. For the seller's protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.(IV) CFR (Cost and Freight)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "CFR Comments" and the "CFR and C.I.F. Comments", in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under CFR terms."CFR(named point of destination)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of transportation to the named point of destination.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or agent, clean bill of lading to named point of destination ;(4) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier ; (5) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both,until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel ;(6) provide, at the buyer's request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoice, or any other documents issued in the country of origin or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.Buyer must (1) accept the documents when presented ;(2) receive goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movement of the goods, including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms ; pay all costs of landing, including and duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination ;(3) provide and pay for insurance ;(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller's obligations under (4) or (5) above have ceased ;(5) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required for the importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.CFR Comments1. For the seller's protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.2. The comments listed under the following C.I.F. terms in many cases apply to CFR terms as well, and should be read and understood by the CFR seller and buyer.(V) C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance, Freight)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "Comments", at the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights under "C.I.F." terms."C.I.F. (named point of destination)"Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of the goods, the marine insurance, and all transportation charges to the named point of destination.Under this quotation :Seller must (1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination ;(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;(3) provide and pay for marine insurance ;(4) provide war risk insurance as obtainable in seller's market at time of shipment at buyer's expense, unless seller has agreed that buyer provide for war risk coverage (See Comment 10 (c)) ;(5) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or his agent, clean bill of lading to named point of destination, and also insurance policy or negotiable insurance certificate ;(6) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier ;(7) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel ;(8) provide, at the buyer's request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which the buyer may require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.Buyer must (1) accept the documents when presented ;(2) receive the goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movements of the goods, including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms ; pay all costs of landing, including any duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination ;(3) pay for war risk insurance provided by seller ;(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller's obligations under (6) or (7) above have ceased ;(5) pay the cost of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which may be required for importation of the goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another country.CFR and C.I.F. CommentsUnder CFR and C.I.F. contracts there are the following points on which the seller and the buyer should be in complete agreement at the time that the contract is concluded :1. It should be agreed upon, in advance, who is to for miscellaneous expenses, such as weighing or inspection charges.2. The quantity to be shipped on any one vessel should be agreed upon, in advance, with a view to the buyer's capacity to take delivery upon arrival and discharge of the vessel ; within the free time allowed at the port of importation.3. Although the terms CFR and C.I.F. are generally interpreted to provide that charges for consular invoices and certificates of origin are for the account of the buyer, and are charged separately, in many trades these charges are included by the seller in his price. Hence, seller and buyer should agree, in advance, whether these charges are part of the selling price, or will be invoiced separately.4. The point of final destination should be definitely known in the event the vessel discharges at a port other than the actual destination of the goods.5. When ocean freight space is difficult to obtain, or forward freight contracts cannot be made at firm rates, it is advisable that sales contracts, as an exception to regular CFR or C.I.F. terms, should provide that shipment within the contract period be subject to ocean freight space being available to the seller, and should also provide that changes in the cost of ocean transportation between the time of sale and the time of shipment be for account of the buyer.6. Normally, the seller is obligated to prepay the ocean freight. In some instances, shipments are made freight collect and the amount of the freight is deducted from the invoice rendered by the seller. It is necessary to be in agreement on this, in advance, in order to avoid misunderstanding which arises from foreign exchange fluctuations which might affect the actual cost of transportation, and from interest charges which might accrue under letter of credit financing.Hence, the seller should always prepay the ocean freight unless he has a specific agreement with the buyer, in advance, that goods can be shipped freight collect.7. The buyer should recognize that he does not have the right to insist on inspection of goods prior to accepting the documents. The buyer should not refuse to take delivery of goods on account of delay in the receipt of documents, provided the seller has used due diligence in their dispatch through the regular channels.8. Seller and buyers are advised against including in a C.I.F. contract any indefinite clause at variance with the obligations of a C.I.F. contract as specified in these Definitions. There have been numerous court decisions in the United States and other countries invalidating C.I.F. contracts because of the inclusion of indefinite clauses.9. Interest charges should be included in cost computations and should not be charged as a separate item in C.I.F. contracts, unless otherwise agreed upon, in advance, between the seller and buyer ; in which case, however, the term C.I.F. and I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Interest) should be used.10. In connection with insurance under C.I.F. sales, it is necessary that seller and buyer be definitely in accord upon the following points :(a) The character of the marine insurance should be agreed upon so far as being W.A. (With Average) or F.P.A. (Free of Particular Average), as well as any other special risks that are covered in specific trades, of against which the buyer may wish individual protection. Among the special risks that should be considered and agreed upon between seller and buyer are theft, pilferage, leakage, breakage, sweat, contract with other cargoes, and others peculiar to any particular trade. It is important that contingent or collect freight and customs duty should be insured to cover Particular Average losses, as well as total loss after arrival and entry but before delivery.(b) The seller is obligated to exercise ordinary care and diligence in selecting an underwriter that is in good financial standing. However, the risk of obtaining settlement of insurance claims rests with the buyer.(c) War risk insurance under this term is to be obtained by the seller at the expense and risk of the buyer. It is important that the seller be in definite accord with the buyer on this point, particularly as to the cost. It is desirable that the goods be insured against both marine and war risk with the same underwriter, so that there can be no difficulty arising from the determination of the cause of the loss.(d) Seller should make certain that in his marine or war risk insurance, there be included the standard protection against strikes, riots and civil commotions.(e) Seller and buyer should be in accord as to the insured valuation, bearing in mind that merchandise contributes in General Average on certain bases of valuation which differ in various trades, It is desirable that a competent insurance broker be consulted, in order that full value be covered and trouble avoided.(VI) DEQ DeliveredEx Quay (Duty Paid)Note : Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the "DEQ Comments" at the end of this section, in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights。
对外贸易的名词解释有什么作用
对外贸易的名词解释|有什么作用
对外贸易的名词解释：
对外贸易(Foreign Trade) 定义对外贸易亦称“国外贸易” 或“进出口贸易”，简称“外贸”，是指一个国家(地区)与另一个国家(地区)之间的商品和劳务的交换。
这种贸易由进口和出口两个部分组成。
对运进商品或劳务的国家(地区)来说，就是进口;对运出商品或劳务的国家(地区)来说，就是出口。
这在奴隶社会和封建社会就开始产生和发展，到资本主义社会，发展更加迅速。
其性质和作用由不同的社会制度所决定。
对外贸易的作用：
1.发展对外贸易，可以互通有无，调剂余缺，调节资源的优化配置。
2.发展对外贸易，可以节约社会劳动，取得较好的经济效益。
3.发展对外贸易，可以吸收和引进当代世界先进的科学技术成果，增强本国的经济实力。
4.发展对外贸易，接受国际市场的竞争压力和挑战，可以促进国内企业不断更新技术，提高劳动生产率和国际化水平。
对外贸易的目的与特点：
●目的
对外贸易管制是为了发展本国经济，保护本国经济利益。
对外贸易管制有时也是为了达到国家政治或军事目的。
各国实现对外贸易管制，也是为了实现国家职能。
●特点
贸易管制政策是一国对外政策的体现。
贸易管制会因时因势而变化。
对外贸易管制以实现国家对内对外政策目标为基本出发点。
对外贸易管制是国家管制。
对外贸易管制是政府的一种强制性行政管理行为。
对外贸易管制所涉及的法律制度属于强制性法律范畴。
国际贸易专有名词及翻译
1.Uneven distribution2. comparative advantage3. absolute advantage.4 cost advantage5 market share6 economies of scale7 labor /capital /tech/resourceintensive economy8 supplying /demanding country1.2.比较优势3绝对优势4.成本优势5.市场份额6 规模经济7劳动/资金/技术/资源密集型经济8供给/需求国9. Foreign/local currency10. Exchange rate11. Target market12.Export license13.Quota14. Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade9. 外/本币10. 汇率11. 目标市场12.出口许可证13. 定量、配额14: （进、出口、过境）贸易15.Credit referencemodity inspection17.Customs clearance18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade19.International/Domestic trade20.Export license15.资信证明16.商检17. 清关、结关18. 直接、间接、转口贸易19.国际、国内贸易20 出口许可证21.General/Special trade22.Direct / Indirect trade23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade24.：settlement instrument：Barter/ free-liquidation trade21. 一般贸易/特殊贸易22.直接/间接贸易23.有形、无形产品贸易24.易货、自由结算贸易mate’s receipt收货单、大副收据shipping note装货通知单the bill of lading提单shipping advice 发货通知书1.consumer durables2. quote a price3. cross-border transactions4.customary practice5.loading fee6.dividing line7.actual delivery1.耐用消费品2. 报价3. 跨境（国界）交易4. 惯例5. 装载费6. 分界线7. 实际交货１０．arrival contract11. Customs clearance12. Customs formalities13. delivery14. inspection15. Means of transport１０. 到达合同1１. 清关、结关1２. 报关手续1３. 交货1４. 检验1５. 运输工具16.Mode of transport17. Shipment contract18. Symbolic delivery19. Transfer of risks16. 运输方式１７．装运合同19. 象征交货20. 风险转移1: INCOTERMS 2010(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC1.2010年国际贸易术语(通则）2.国际商会3.美国对外贸易定义修正本4.质量控制、质量管理1.EXW (EX works) 工厂交货2.FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人3.CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至4.CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to) 运费、保险费付至5.DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 运输终端交货6.DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交货7.DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货8.FAS (Free Along Side) 船边交货9.FOB (Free On Board) 船上交货10.CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费11.CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险加运费•1：FOB liner terms (FOB班轮条件) :•buyer for all•2：FOB under tackle（FOB吊钩下交货）:•buyer pays from the moment goods under the tackle•3：FOB –stowed（FOB包括理舱费）:•seller loading and stowing•4：FOB Trimmed （FOB包括平舱费）: seller loading、trimming •5：FOB stowed and trimmed （FOB包括理、平舱费•seller loading \stowing and trimming1、firm offers2、offeror3、offeree4、terminate5. acceptance6 Counter-offer7. enquiry8. irrevocable offer9 withdraw of an offer1.实盘2.发盘方（人）3.受盘方（人）4.终止5.接受6.还盘7.询价8.不可撤销发盘9.撤回发盘9 Validity period10quotation of an offer11Quote12CISG （United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)９有效期10 报盘12 国际货物销售合同公约形式发票（Proforma Invoice）报价单（Quotation）订单(Order)Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费•执事先生：••从澳大利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。
FOB贸易术语解释(中英文)
FＯB贸易术语解释(中英文)FREＥ OＮBＯAＲDﻫ（、、、 named port of shｉpmenｔ）ﻫ“Frｅe on Boarｄ" mｅans that tｈe ｓellｅｒ dｅlivers ｗhen thｅ gｏods ｐasｓ the shｉp''ｓra ｉl at ｔhe named ｐｏrt of shipment、 This mｅans ｔhａt the bｕyｅr has t ｏｂear alｌｃosts anｄrisｋs of lｏｓs ｏf ｏr dａmage to ｔhe gｏods fｒｏｍｔhａｔ pｏｉｎt、Ｔhｅ FOＢ tｅｒm requiｒeｓ the ｓeller tｏcleaｒ the gooｄs for export、Ｔhｉs term ｃaｎbe ｕseｄoｎly fｏｒsea or inland waterway traｎsporｔ、Ｉf thｅｐarｔiｅs dｏnot ｉnteｎd tｏ deｌiver ｔhｅ goｏds acrosｓ thｅ ship''s raiｌ, the FCA term shｏuld he ｕsｅd、A TＨE SEＬLER＇＇S OBＬＩＧATIＯＮSB THE ＢUＹEＲ＇'S ＯＢLＩＧAＴIONSA1 Provｉsion of goods iｎ coｎfoｒmity ｗith ｔhe cｏｎｔraｃtTｈe sellｅr ｍｕsｔｐｒovide ｔhe goｏds and ｔhe mercial ｉnvｏｉce, or it ｓ eqｕivaｌｅnt elｅｃｔroｎiｃmeｓsａge， iｎcｏnformｉty ｗitｈ the ｃｏnｔrａcｔ oｆｓale aｎd any oｔher evidencｅ of confｏrmｉtｙ winch may be ｒequirｅd by the contraｃt、ﻫＢ１Ｐaymｅｎt of the pricｅThe buyｅr ｍusｔ pay the prｉcｅ as pｒovided in the contrａcｔｏｆ saｌe、ﻫA2 Licences， authoｒｉｓatｉoｎs and ｆormalitiｅsＴｈe sellｅr ｍust ｏbtａｉn at his own risk aｎｄexpｅｎse anｙexｐort licｅｎcｅ or oｔher ｏfｆiciaｌ authoｒｉsatｉon anｄ caｒry out, ｗhｅre a ｐplicaｂlｅ1 , all ｃuｓtoms formalｉties nｅｃessary fｏr tｈｅｅｘｐort ｏｆｔhe gooｄs、B2 Lｉｃenｃｅs, ａuthoriｓatiｏｎs and formalitiesﻫThｅｂuyer mｕst obtain at hｉs own risk and eｘpense ａny impoｒt lｉcｅnce or ｏtｈeｒ ofｆicial authorisａtioｎ and carry out，wheｒｅ applicable2, ａll cusｔｏms fｏrmaｌitie ｓ foｒ the iｍport ｏｆｔhｅ gｏｏｄs ａnｄ, wherｅneｃｅsｓary，foｒtheir transit throｕgh ａny couｎtｒy 、A3 Ｃoｎｔｒａｃts ｏｆcarriａge and insuranceﻫa) Contｒａｃt oｆcarｒｉage Nｏ obｌigａtiｏn３ﻫb) Ｃontraｃt ｏf inｓｕranｃeﻫNo obligatiｏn 4 、Ｂ３Cｏntｒaｃt of carrｉagｅaｎd iｎsurａnｃea) Ｃｏｎtract of carriageﻫＴhｅ buyｅｒ mｕst ｃｏｎｔｒaｃt at his own expen ｓe for ｔhe cａrriagｅｏf the goods fｒoｍ the naｍed pｏrｔof ｓhiｐment、ﻫb) Conｔract of inｓuraｎｃeNｏ oｂlｉgatｉon、5ﻫA４ DｅlｉｖｅryﻫＴhｅｓeller muｓt ｄelivｅr tｈｅ goods on tｈe ｄate or withiｎ the agreｅd peｒiod at ｔｈｅ nａｍed ｐｏrｔ of ｓhiｐmｅｎｔand in ｔhe mａnnｅr ｃustoｍａｒｙ aｔthｅ port on boaｒd the vessel ｎｏmｉnated bｙ the ｂｕｙeｒ、Ｂ4 Tａking ｄelivｅryThe bｕyｅr musｔｔaｋe deliｖery oｆｔhe goｏds wｈen they havｅ been de ｌivered in acｃorｄance wｉｔｈA4、Ａ5 Transfeｒ of risksﻫＴｈe sellｅr must, ｓubjecｔ to tｈe ｐroｖisioｎｓｏf B５, beaｒ all riｓks ｏf lｏss of or dａmagｅｔo tｈe gｏods uｎtｉｌ s ｕch tｉme as tｈｅｙhaｖｅｐasseｄthe ｓhip'＇s ｒail ａt thｅ nａmed p ｏｒt ｏf shipｍeｎt、B5 Trａnsfer of riｓｋsﻫTｈe buyeｒmuｓt beaｒ all ｒisks of lｏｓs of oｒdamagｅｔｏ the goods fｒom the time tｈey have ｐassed the ｓｈiｐ''s ｒaｉl at ｔhe naｍｅd ｐort of shiｐmｅnt; ａnｄ froｒn tｈｅ aｇｒeed datｅ or t ｈe eｘpiｒｙdａtｅ of thｅａgｒｅｅd ｐeｒｉod for delivery wｈiｃh arise ｂecause he ｆaiｌs ｔo giｖe notice in aｃｃｏrdａncｅｗith B7， or bｅcause ｔｈｅ vessel nominated by him flails tｏ arrive ｏn tｉｍe， or iｓ unable ｔｏtａｋe tｈe goodｓ, or cｌoｓes foｒ cargo eaｒliｅｒ than ｔhｅtｉｍe ｎotｉfied in ａcｃordanｃe wｉtｈＢ7, ｐrovided， howeｖer, tｈaｔ the ｇｏods hａvｅ bｅen duly aｐproprｉａted ｔｏ tｈｅcontrａcｔ, tｈａt iｓｔo ｓa ｙ, clearly seｔ asiｄe or ｏtｈerwise identified as tｈe coｎｔract goｏds、Ａ６Divisioｎ of cosｔsﻫＴhe ｓｅller ｍust, subject tｏtｈe ｐroｖｉsion ｓ of B6， pay alｌｃoｓts rｅlatｉng to the gｏods ｕntｉl suｃｈ time as ｔhｅy have pａssed thｅ ship'＇s rａｉｌ aｔ the named porｔｏｆ shipmｅｎｔ; and Wherｅａｐｐlicablｅ6 , tｈe cｏsts oｆ custｏmｓ foｒmaｌｉties ｎecessａry for eｘporｔ as weｌl as all dutieｓ, ｔaxes aｎd ｏtｈｅr chargｅs ｐayａbleupｏn expｏrt、B６ Diｖｉsｉoｎｏｆ costsＴhe bｕyｅr mｕsｔ pay all cosｔs relatiｎg to thｅ gｏods from tｈｅｔime t ｈey ｈａｖe ｐasseｄ tｈe ship'＇ s rａil ａｔthe naｍed port of shipme ｎｔ; aｎd ａny addiｔional cｏｓts incｕｒrｅｄ, ｅiｔhｅｒ bｅcａｕｓe the ｖesseｌ nｏminated by hｉm fails to ａrｒｉve ｏn time, or is unable tｏ take the ｇoｏｄs，or closes ｆor ｃａrｇo eａrliｅr than thｅ time nｏｔiｆied in ａccoｒdance witｈB7， oｒｂecａusｅthe ｂuyer has fａiled to ｇive approp ｒiatｅｎotｉｃｅｉｎ acｃorｄａnｃe ｗｉth B７, prｏvｉded, however, that th ｅgooｄs hａve been ｄｕly appropriaｔed ｔｏ the conｔraｃt, tｈａｔ is ｔｏsay, clｅarly set aside ｏr otｈerwise iｄｅｎtｉfｉed as tｈe contｒaｃt gｏｏｄｓ; and wｈeｒe apｐｌicable7,ａll dutiｅｓ， tａxes anｄｏｔher ｃharges as wｅｌl as the costs oｆ carryｉng out ｃustoms ｆｏrmaliｔies payable upon impｏrｔ of ｔhe goｏds ａnd ｆor theｉr ｔransiｔｔhrｏｕgｈ aｎy ｃountry、ﻫA７ Notice to the bｕyerﻫThe seｌｌeｒｍusｔ giｖe the buyer suffｉｃｉenｔｎoticｅ tｈａt thｅ gｏods haｖe ｂｅeｎｄeｌivｅrｅd iｎaccordaｎce witｈ A4、B７ Nｏｔice to ｔｈｅ bｕyerﻫThｅ buyer musｔgivｅ the ｓellｅｒ suｆfｉcｉent notice of the vessel name, ｌoaｄing pｏｉnt and ｒｅquired delｉverｙｔime、ﻫＡ8 Proｏf of deliveｒy, tｒaｎｓport doｃｕment or equｉvalent elｅcｔｒonic meｓｓａgeＴｈe sｅｌler must proｖide ｔhe buyeｒａt the sellｅr''ｓexｐenｓe wit ｈthe usuａl ｐroof of delivery in ａccordａncｅwith A4、ﻫＵnless ｔhｅdoc ｕment ｒeferred to in tｈe prｅceding paraｇｒaph ｉs ｔｈe trａnspｏrt document, thｅ selｌeｒｍust reｎder ｔhｅｂuｙer, at the laｔter''s req ｕeｓt, risk anｄ expense, evｅry aｓsisｔａnce in ｏbtａining ａｔｒanspor ｔｄocumenｔｆｏr the cｏnｔract oｆcaｒriage (for ｅｘample, ａｎeｇoｔiablｅｂｉll ｏf ladiｎg, a ｎoｎ -negｏtｉable sｅa ｗaybill, an inland ｗaterｗａｙ docｕmｅnt, ｏｒ a mｕltiｍｏdａl transport ｄｏcｕmeｎｔ) 、ﻫWｈｅｒe thｅｓｅｌler and thｅ bｕyer have agreｅｄ to ｍunicａｔe eｌecｔrｏｎicaｌly, the ｄocｕment ｒeｆerrｅd ｔo in the preceｄiｎg pａrａgraｐｈ maｙbe ｒeplaced ｂy an equiｖalent electronｉc data interｃhａｎｇｅ（ＥＤI) message、ﻫＰroof of dｅlｉｖｅrｙ, transport docuｍｅnｔoｒ equivalenｔelectronic ｍesｓａgｅ The buyer mｕst ａcceｐｔthe pｒｏof oｆ delｉveryin aｃcｏrｄａncｅｗith A8、ﻫA9 Cｈecｋｉng - pａckaｇｉｎg - ｍarkingﻫTｈe seller must ｐay the costs of tｈｏse cheｃkiｎg opｅrａｔｉons （ｓｕch as c ｈｅcking ｑｕａlity, meaｓuｒing，ｗｅighｉng, cｏｕnting） whicｈａre nｅcessaｒy for tｈe ｐurposｅｏｆ deliverｉng thｅ goodｓ in aｃcｏrｄance wｉth A４、ﻫThe sｅller mｕst proｖide at hｉs ｏwｎｅxpenｓe packaging (ｕnlesｓｉｔｉs usｕal ｆor ｔhe particular ｔrade ｔo shｉp tｈe goods oｆthe coｎtraｃt descrｉｐtion unpacked) which ｉs reqｕirｅｄ foｒｔｈe transpoｒｔof thｅ goｏds, ｔo thｅ eｘtent that the cｉrcuｍｓｔances rela ｔiｎg to the transport (ｆoｒeｘample modaｌities， dｅstｉｎatiｏn) are made knｏwn ｔo thｅ sellｅr before the coｎtrａct of sａlｅis cｏncludeｄ、Ｐackａging iｓｔo be ｍarked aｐproprｉaｔｅly、ﻫB9 Inｓpeｃtｉｏn of goodsﻫT ｈｅ buyer must pａy the cｏsts of ａny pｒe －shipmenｔ inspｅction exceｐt when such iｎspｅｃtioｎis mandateｄ by the ａuｔhoritｉeｓ of thｅ cｏunｔry ｏf eｘport、A10 Oｔｂｅr ｏbliｇａtｉonsThe sｅlｌer muｓt renｄer the buyer at ｔｈe lａtｔer''s ｒｅquest, risk and expense, every assｉstanｃｅ in oｂtaining aｎy documenｔs oｒ eqｕivaｌｅｎｔe ｌectｒonic messages (other than ｔｈoｓe ｍｅｎtioneｄin Ａ8) ｉssuｅd or transmitted m tｈe ｃounｔｒｙof sｈｉpｍｅnt and/ｏr ｏf oｒiginwｈｉch the buyeｒｍay reqｕire for thｅ iｍport of ｔhｅgooｄs and, whｅｒｅnｅｃｅｓsary，ｆor ｔｈｅｉr ｔrａnsit through any couｎtrｙ、ﻫTｈe seｌleｒ must p ｒovide tｈｅｂuｙer, upoｎ rｅqｕest, wｉth tｈe neｃesｓａｒy iｎfｏrmaｔｉｏn for procuring inｓurａnce、B１0 OthｅｒｏbliｇaｔionＴｈe buyｅr musｔpaｙall costs aｎd ｃhaｒgｅｓ inｃurrｅd ｉn ｏbtainｉng ｔｈe ｄｏcuｍeｎts ｏr eｑuivａｌeｎt elecｔｒｏnic ｍessａgeｓ mentionｅｄin Ａ１0 aｎd reimｂurｓe thoｓe ｉｎcurｒed by ｔhe sｅllｅr in renｄerinｇ hｉs assistanｃe in accｏｒdaｎcｅ theｒewiｔｈ、ﻫ１ Rｅfｅr to Inｔrｏduｃtｉon Paragraｐh１4ﻫ2Rｅｆer to Ｉnｔroducｔioｎ Paragraph143 Refer to Introdｕｃtｉon Paraｇraph１０ﻫ4Ｒｅｆer ｔo Ｉnｔroｄuｃtiｏn Paｒａgraｐｈ１05 Ｒefer ｔo Introducｔioｎ Paｒagraph１0ﻫ6Ｒefer to Ｉntroduction Paｒagｒaph14７ Refeｒ to Intrｏdｕction Pａｒagraph14一、对FOB术语得解释ﻫFRＥE ON BOＡＲD(、、、named poｒｔoｆｓhｉpmｅｎt），即装运港船上交货(……指定装运港)。
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FOREIGN TRADE DEFINITIONS美国对外贸易定义(1941年修订本)《美国对外贸易定义》是由美国几个商业团体制定的。
它最早于1919年在纽约制定，原称为《美国出口报价及其缩写条例》，后来于1941年在美国第27届全国对外贸易会议上对该条例作了修订，命名为《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》。
《美国对外贸易定义》中所解释的贸易术语共有六种，分别为：1．Ex(Point of Origin，产地交货)；2．FOB(Free on Board，在运输工具上交货)；3．FAS(Free Along Side，在运输工具旁边交货)；4．C＆F(Cost and Freight，成本加运费)；5. CIF(Cost，Insurance and Freight，成本加保险费、运费)；6．Ex Dock(Named Port of Importation，目的港码头交货)。
然而，由于国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则》在国际上的影响越来越大，绝大多数国际贸易从业人员都接受了《通则》的解释，美国制定《定义》的团体已同意不再继续使用该项定义。
The following definitions of the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc., are reproduced for information purposes only. They are NOT to be construed as part of the National Oilseed Processors Association trading rules. They are reprinted through the courtesy of National Foreign Trade Council, Inc., the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, and the National Council of American Importers, Inc.Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941, Adopted July 30, 1941, by a Joint Committee representing the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, the National Council of American Importers, Inc., and the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc.（颁布日期：1941年7月30日实施日期:1941年7月30日时效性:有效)FOREWORD序言Since the issuance of American Foreign Trade Definitions in 1919. many changes in practice have occurred. The 1919 Definitions did much to clarify and simplify foreign trade practice, and received wide recognition and use by buyers and sellers throughout the world. At the Twenty-Seventh National Foreign Trade Convention, 1940, further revision and clarification of these Definitions was urged as necessary to assist the foreign trader in the handling of his transactions.一九一九年《美国对外贸易定义》的出版曾在澄清与简化对外贸易实务方面起过不少作用，并得到世界各国买卖双方的广泛承认和使用。
但自该定义出版以后，贸易习惯已有很多变化，因而在一九四○年举行的第二十七届全国对外贸易会议上强烈要求对它作进一步的修订与澄清，认为这对帮助对外贸易商处理业务是必要的。
The following Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions—1941 are recommended for general use by both exporters and importers. These revised definitions have no status at law unless there is specific legislation providing for them, or unless they are confirmed by court decisions. Hence, it is suggested that sellers and buyers agree to their acceptance as part of the contract of sale. These revised definitions will then become legally binding upon all parties.兹推荐《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》供进口和出口商人共同使用。
此项修正本并无法律效力，除非有专门的立法规定或为法院判决所认可。
因此，为使其对各有关当事人产生法律上的约束力，建议买方与卖方接受此定义作为买卖合同的一个组成部分。
In view of changes in practice and procedure since 1919, certain new responsibilities for sellers and buyers are included in these revised definitions. Also, in many instances, the old responsibilities are more clearly defined than in the 1919 Definitions, and the changes should be beneficial both to sellers and buyers. Widespread acceptance will lead to a greater standardization of foreign trade procedure, and to the avoidance of much misunderstanding鉴于一九一九年以来贸易习惯和手续的演变，这次修正的定义中包括了卖方和买方的一些新的责任，并且在许多方面，对原有责任的解释也比一九一九年定义的解释清楚一些，这些修改对卖方和买方都是有益的。
广泛接受这次修订的定义，将导致对外贸易手续的标准化，并避免许多误解。
Adoption by exporters and importers of these revised terms will impress on all parties concerned their respective responsibilities and rights.卖方和买方采用此修正的定义，将使各有关当事人对其责任和权利更加明确。
General Notes of Caution注意要点1. As foreign trade definitions have been issued by organizations in various parts of the world, and as the courts of countries have interpreted these definitions in different ways, it is important that sellers and buyers agree that their contracts are subject to the Revised American Foreign Definitions—1941 and that the various points listed are accepted by both parties.由于世界各地有很多机构都分别提出了对外贸易定义，而很多国家的法院对这些定义各有不同的解释，所以由卖方和买方一致同意他们所订的合同以《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》为准，并接受《定义》所列各点，这是很有必要的。
2. In addition to the foreign trade terms listed herein, there are terms that are at times used, such asFree Harbor, C.I.F.&C. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission), C.I.F.C.&I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Commission, and Interest), C.I.F. Landed (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Landed), and others. None of these should be used unless there has first been a definite understanding as to the exact meaning thereof. It is unwise toattempt to interpret other terms in the light of the terms given herein. Hence, whenever possible, one of the terms defined herein should be used. 除下列对外贸易的术语外，还有一些有时使用的术语，如港口交货（Free Harbor），成本加保险费、运费、佣金（C.I.F.&C.），成本加保险费、运费、利息（C.I.F.C.&I.），成本加保险费、运费、佣金、利息（C.I.F.C.&I.），成本加保险费、运费并卸到岸上（C.I.F. Landed），以及其他。