关于中医基础理论关键名词术语
中医基础理论关键名词术语
中医基础理论关键名词术语（Key words）绪论introduction中医学traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)中医学理论体系theory system of TCM中医基础理论basic theory of TCM整体观念holism concept五脏一体观holism of five ogans形神一体观holism of body and spirit天人一体观holism of human beings and universe医学模式medical pattern辨证syndrome differentiation论治treatment variation疾病disease证候syndrome症状symptom体征physical sign辨病disease diagnosing同病异治different treament for the same disease异病同治the same treatment for the different disease第一章中医学的哲学基础ancient philosophic basis of TCM 精jing(as the world origin in ancient philosophy)气qi(as the world origin in the ancient philosophy)精气学说theory of jingqi生命life中介medium气机qi activity气化qi transformation感应induction水地说hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth云气说hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air气一元论monism of qi元气一元论monism of qi阴阳yinyang; yin and yang阴阳学说theory of yinyang阴阳对立inter-opposition between yin and yang阴阳互根inter-dependence between yin and yang阴阳消长wane and wax between yin and yang阴阳交感inter-induction between yin and yang阴阳互藏inter-containing between yin and yang阴阳转化inter-transformation between yin and yang阴阳自和reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium阴阳平衡both yin and yang in equilibrium五行five elements五行学说theory of five elements五行相生inter-promotion of five elements五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements 五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements五行胜复resistance of oppressed elements母病及子mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ滋水涵木replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生mutual generation between metal and water抑木扶土inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土治水cultivating earth to control water佐金平木assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water) 宏观观察observation on macroscopic level中和golden mean类比analogy第二章藏象viscera state藏象viscera state藏象学说doctrine of viscera state脏腑viscera; zangfu organs五脏five zang organs心heart肺lung脾spleen肝liver肾kidney六腑six fu organs胆gall baldder胃stomach小肠small intestin大肠large intestine三焦tri-jiao; sanjiao膀胱urinary bladder奇恒之腑extraordinary fu organs脑brain髓marrow骨bone脉vessel女子胞uterus满而不实full of essence without foodstuff实而不满full of foodstuff without essence心主神明heart controlling mental activities心主血脉heart controlling blood circulation心藏神heart storing spirit肺主气lun governing qi肺主呼吸之气lung governing respiratory qi肺主一身之气lung governing physical qi肺朝百脉convergence of vessels in the lung肺主行水lung governing water metabolism肺主治节lung governing coordinative activities of viscera肺为华盖lung being the canopy肺为娇脏lung being the delicate organ肺主宣发肃降lung controlling dispersing outward and inwards 气门pore后天之本source of acquired constitution脾主运化spleen governing transportation and transformation 脾气主升spleen governing ascending脾主统血spleen governing blood脾喜燥恶湿spleen preferring dryness to dampness肝主疏泄liver govering regulating肝主藏血liver storing blood肝体因而用阳liver of yin nature with yang functioning肝为刚脏liver being the resolute viscera罢极之本source of endurance先天之本congenital foundation肾藏精kidney storing essence肾阴kidney yin肾阳kidney yang肾精kidney essence肾气kidney qi天癸tiangui肾主水液kidney governing water肾主纳气kidney receiving respiratory qi命门vital gate七冲门seven important portals胆主决断gallbladder governing deciding胃主通降stomach managing downward transportation of food 喜润恶燥preferring moisture to dryness受盛化物containing and digesting泌别清浊separating the clear from the turbid上焦如雾upper-jiao resembling mist中焦如沤middle-jiao resembling fermenter下焦如渎lower-jiao rezembling drainage元神之府mentality house脑为髓海brain being the marrow sea心肾相交coordination between heart and kidney水火相济regulation between water and fire肺为气之主lung being the governor of qi肾为气之根kidney being the root of qi肝肾同源liver and kidney sharing the same origin乙癸同源Yi and Gui sharing the same origin (liver and kidney sharing the same origin) 精血同源essence and blood sharing the ame origin藏泄互用interdependence between storing and discharging纳运相得inter-promotion between containing and digestion升降相因inerdependence between ascending and descending燥湿相济interdependence between drying and moistening胃润喜恶燥stomach preferring moisture to dryness第三章精气血津液神essence, qi, blood, body fluid and spirit气qi元气primordial qi元阴primordial yin元阳primordial yang气机qi activity气化qi transformation气海qi sea卫气defensive qi宗气thoracic qi营气nutrient qi原气primordial qi气能生血qi promoting blood production气为血之帅qi being the governor of blood气主升之qi promoting气能生津qi promoting body fluid production气能行血qi promtoting blood circulation血为气之母blood being the mother of qi血主濡之blood nourishing气能行津qi promoting body fluid circulation气能摄血qi governing blood津能载气body fluid conveying qi血能载气blood conveying qi气能摄津qi governing body fluid津停气滞body fluid retention causing qi stagnation血blood精essence神spirit精能化气essence transforming into qi先天之精congenital essence后天之精acquired essence水谷之精foodstuff essence气能生精qi promoting esssence production津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same source血汗同源bloood and sweat sharing the same source膻中danzhong虚里heart apex津液body fluid第四章经络meridians and collaterals 经络meridians and collaterals经络学说theory of meridian and collateral; meridian doctrine经气meridian qi经脉meridian; channel络脉collateral十二经脉twelve meridians十二正经twelve regular channels手太阴肺经lung channel of hand taiyin(L)手阳明大肠经large intestine channel of hand yangming(LI)足阳明胃经stomach channel of foot yangming(St)足太阴脾经spleen channel of foot tayin(Sp)手少阴心经heart channel of hand shaoyin(H)手太阳小肠经small intestine channel of hand taiyang(SI)足太阳膀胱经urinary bladder channel of foot taiyang(U足少阴肾经kidney channel of foot shaoyin(K)手厥阴心包经pericadium channel of hand jueyin(P)手少阳三焦经tri-jiao channel of hand shaoyang(TJ)足少阳胆经gall bladder channel of foot shaoyang(G足厥阴肝经liver channel of foot jueyin(Liv)奇经八脉eight extra channels督脉governor vesesl; Du meridian任脉conception vessel; Ren meridian冲脉flush vessel; Chong meridian带脉belt vessel; Dai meridian阴跷脉yinqiao meridian阳跷脉yangqiao meridian阴维脉yinwei meridian阳维脉yangwei meridan十二经别twelve divergent channels十五别络fifteen large collaterals孙络minute collateral浮络superficial collateral十二经筋twelve meridian musculatures十二皮部twelve cutaneous areas阳脉之海sea of yang meridian (governor vessel)阴脉之海sea of yin meridian (conception vessel)任主胞胎conception vessel govening uterus and gestation十二经脉之海sea of the twelve meridians (flush vessel)血海blood sea (flush vessel)第五章体质body constitution 体质body constitution形神合一harmonization between soma and spirit体格physique体型body type人格personality气质temperament性格character素质heredity理想体质ideal body constitutions病势disease tendency质化（从化）property transformation第六章病因pathogeny病因pathogeny病因学说etiology辨症求因pathogeny differentiation from symptoms and signs六淫six exopathogens六气six climates六邪six exopathogens伤寒exogenous febrile disease中寒cold stroke风性轻扬wind tending to drift善行数变migrant and variable风性主动wind tending to migrate百病之长guide of various disease寒性凝滞cold tending to coagulate and stagnate寒性收引cold tending to contract寒则气收cold retarding qi circulation暑性升散summer heat tending to ascend and disperse炅则气泄heat causing qi exhaustion暑多夹湿summer heat usually accompanied with dampness湿性重浊dampness being heavy and turbid湿性黏滞dampneee being viscous and lingering湿性趋下sampness tending to descend燥性干涩dryness tending to desiccate火性趋上fire tending to flare up火易生风动血fire causing wind and bleeding疠气epidemic pathogens瘟疫pestilence七情seven emotions七情内伤inernal injuries caused by seven emotions怒则气上rage causing qi to flow upwards喜则气缓joy causing qi slack悲则气消grief causing qi depression思则气结contemplation causing qi stagnation惊则气乱terror causing qi disorder恐则气下fear causing qi collapse饮食不节improper diet饮食不洁dirty diet饮食偏嗜diet preference形劳physical overstrain劳则气耗overstrain causing qi exhausetion心劳heart overstrain神劳psychological ovrestrain肾劳kidney overstrain房劳sexual overstrain有形之痰visible phlegm无形之痰invisible phlegm瘀血blood stasis结石calculus药邪medicine abuse医过therapist fault胎弱congenital deficiency胎毒fetus toxin第七章发病invasion 正气healthy qi邪气pathogenic factors遗传病genetic disease感邪即发acute onset after affected徐发chronic onset伏而后发latent onset继发secondary onset合病simultaneous onset并病following onset复病recurrence后遗症sequela重感致复re-affected causing recurrence食复diet recurrence劳复overstrain recurrence药复medicine recurrence情志致复emotion recurrence第八章病机pathogenesis 病机pathogenesis病机学pathology病机层次pathological level基本病机basic pathogenesis实sthenia实证sthenic syndrome虚asthenia虚证asthenia syndrome虚实错杂mixture of asthenia and sthenia虚中夹实asthenia with sthenia实中夹虚sthenia with asthenia虚实转化inter-transformation between asthenia and sthenia由实转虚sthenia transforming into asthenia因虚致实sthenia symptoms caused by asthenia虚实真假pseudo or true manifestation of asthenia and sthenia 真实假虚sthenia with pseudo asthenia大实有羸状excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia 真虚假实asthenia with pseudo sthenia至虚有盛候excessive asthenia manifesting as excessive sthenia 正胜邪退healthy qi expelling pathogen邪去正虚pathogen retreating with asthenia healthy qi邪盛正衰prosperous pathogen with asthenia healthy qi邪正相持struggle between healthy qi and pathogen正虚邪恋asthenic healthy qi with pathogen lingering阴阳失调imbalance between yin and yang阴阳偏盛excess of yin or yang阳偏盛yang excess阳盛yang excess阴偏盛yin excess阴盛yin excess阴阳偏衰deficiency of yin or yang阳偏衰yang deficiency阳虚yang deficiency阴偏衰yin dificiency阴虚yin deficiency阴阳互损inter-impairment between yin and yang阴损及阳yin impairment involving yang阳损及阴yang impairment involving yin阴阳格拒repellence between yin and yang阴盛格阳predominant yin rejecting yang格阳rejecting yang阳盛格阴predominant yang rejecting yin格阴rejecting yin阴阳亡失exhaustion of yin or yang亡阴yin exhaustion亡阳阳yang exhaustion精虚essence asthenia精瘀essence stasis气虚qi asthenia气机失调disorder of qi activity气滞qi stagnation气逆qi adverseness气陷qi collapse上气不足qi failing to transport upward中气下陷qi failing to lift气闭qi blockage气脱qi exhaustion血虚blood asthenia血瘀blood stasis出血haemorrhage血寒blood cold血热blood heat精气两虚asthenia of essence and qi精血不足asthenia of essence and blood气滞精瘀qi stagnation and essence stasis血瘀精阻blood stasis and essence obstruction气滞血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis气虚血瘀qi asthenia causing blood stasis气不摄血qi failing to control blood气随血脱qi exhaustion resulting from hemorrhage气血两虚asthenia of qi and blood津液不足body fluid asthenia伤津body fluid impairment脱液body fluid exhausetion津液输布障碍dysfunction of body fluid distribution 津液排泄障碍dysfuncion of body fluid excretion水停气阻water retention causing qi stagnation气随津脱qi exhaustion resulting from body fluid loss 津枯血燥body fluid depletion causing blood stasis津亏血瘀body fluid depletion causing blood stasis血瘀水停blood stasis causing water retention内风endogenous wind风气内动disturbance of endogenous wind肝风liver wind肝阳化风liver yang causing wind热极生风extreme heat causing wind阴虚风动yin asthenia causing wind血虚生风blood asthenia causing wind寒从中生cold originating from interior内寒endogenous cold湿浊内生dampness originating from interior内湿endogenous dampness津伤化燥body fluid impairment causing dryness内燥endogenous dryness火热内生heat or fire originatin from interior内热endogenous heat内火endogenous fire少火junior fire壮火excessive fire阳亢化火excessive yang causing fire气有余便是火excessive qi causing fire邪郁化火pathogen accumulation causing fire五志化火five emotions causing fire阴虚火旺yin asthenia causing fire疾病传变pathogenesis transmission病位传变focus transmission表里传变transmission between interior and exterior表病入里exogenous disease invading interior里病出表endogenous disease retreating to exterior半表半里semi-interior and semi-exterior直中direct attack六经传变six merdians transmission三焦传变tri-jiao transmission卫气营血传变transmission of wei, qi, ying and xue顺传sequential transmission逆传adverse transmission脏腑传变viscera transmission脏与脏的传变transmission among zang organs脏与腑的传变transmission among zang organs and fu organs腑与腑的传变transmission among fu organs形脏内外传变transmission between interior and exterior寒热转化inter-transformation between cold and heat寒化热cold transforming into heat热化寒heat transforming into cold第九章防治原则principle of prevention and therapy 预防prevention学习必备欢迎下载养生health promotion未病先防prevention before disease onset既病防变preventing disease from exacerbating治则therapeutic principle治法therapeutic method治病求本treating disease from the root标本branch and root正治routine treatment反治contrary treatment寒者热之cold treated with warm热者寒之heat treated with cool虚则补之asthenia requiring tonification实则泻之sthenia requiring purgation热因热用heat treated with warm寒因寒用cold treated with cool通因通用diarrhea treated with purgation塞因塞用obstruction treated with tonification扶正strengthening healthy qi祛邪eliminating pathogens因时制宜climate-concerned treatment因地制宜environment-concerned treatment因人制宜individuality-concerned treatment活血化淤blood-activating and stasis-eliminating；promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis补肾invigorating spleen；reinforcing spleen清热解毒heat-clearing and detoxifying。
中医名词解释
中医名词解释中医是中国传统医学的一种，历史可以追溯到几千年前。
中医综合运用阴阳学说、五行学说、经络学说等理论，通过观察病人的望闻问切，以及脉诊等方法，诊断出人体的病变，然后采用中药、针灸、推拿等方法进行治疗。
在中医理论中，有许多特有的名词及其解释。
下面将针对部分常用的中医名词进行解释。
1. 阴阳：阴阳是中医学中的基本概念，它代表着一种对立统一的关系。
阴阳存在于人体的各个方面，如脏腑、气血、寒热等。
阴阳的平衡是人体健康的基础，失去平衡则会导致疾病发生。
2. 五行：五行学说是中医理论的重要组成部分，它包括金、木、水、火、土五种元素。
五行之间相互制约、相互生克，它们与人体的器官、感官、情绪等都有一定的关联。
通过五行学说，可以推断出人体的疾病表现和发展趋势。
3. 经络：经络是中医学中的重要概念，它是人体内部传导气血和营养的通道。
经络贯穿于全身，与脏腑组织紧密相连。
经络的畅通与否，决定了人体的健康与疾病。
4. 脉搏：脉搏是通过触摸人体的脉搏来获得疾病信息的一种方法。
中医将脉搏分为数十种，每一种都有其特定的意义。
通过观察脉搏的节律、速度、力度等特征，可以判断人体的病变情况。
5. 气血：气血是中医理论中的重要物质基础，它们是维持人体生命活动所必需的。
气代表着人体的能量，血则代表着营养。
气血的充足与否，关系到人体的健康状况。
6. 虚实：虚实是中医诊断疾病的一种方法和分类方式。
虚指体内功能亏损或不足，而实指体内功能过盛或过强。
通过观察病人的症状、脉搏等，可以判断出病所属于虚还是实，进而选择不同的治疗方法。
7. 反复：反复是中医治疗原则之一，它指的是对疾病的长期重复治疗。
中医认为，许多慢性疾病因其病因复杂，病程长，治疗起来需要反复施治。
通过反复施治，可以改善病情，达到根治的目的。
总结起来，中医名词的解释基于中医独特的理论体系和丰富的临床经验。
这些名词代表着中医对于人体健康和疾病的认识，通过运用这些名词和相应的治疗方法，中医可以帮助病人获得健康。
中医基础理论名词解释
中医基础理论名词解释1、五行：是指木、火、土、金、水五种物质及其运动变化，衍化为归纳宇宙万物并阐释其相互关系的五种基本属性。
2、肺主治节：是指肺气具有治理调节肺之呼吸及全身之气、血、水的作用。
3、元气：是人体中最根本、最重要的气，由肾精（或先天之精）化生，是人体生命活动的原动力。
4、别络：为脉络中较大者，又称“大络”。
，加之任脉、督脉的别络和脾之大络，合称“十五别络”.若加之胃之别络，又可称为“十六别络”。
5、伤寒：寒客肌表，郁遏卫阳者，称为“伤寒”。
6、痰饮：痰饮是人体水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物。
一般以稠浊的称为痰，清稀的称为饮。
7、内燥：是指机体津液不足，各组织器官和孔窍失其濡润，而出现干燥苦涩的病理变化。
8、邪正盛衰：是指在疾病过程中，机体的抗病能力与致病邪气之间在相互斗争中所发生的盛衰变化。
9、正治：是指采用与疾病的症候性质相反的药物以治疗疾病的一种治疗原则。
由于采用的方药与疾病症候性质相逆，故又称“逆治”。
10、赛因赛用：是指用补益药物来治疗具有闭塞不通症状的虚证，适用于因体质虚弱，脏腑精气功能减退而出现闭塞症状的真虚假热证。
11、阴阳：是中国古代哲学的一对范畴，是对自然界相互关联的某些事物或现象对立双方属性的概括。
12、上焦如雾：雾，即雾露。
喻指上焦心、肺输布气血的作用如天降雾露。
13、精：是由禀受于父母的生命物质与后天水谷精微相结合而形成的一种精华物质，是人体生命的本原，是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的最基本的物质。
14、经络：经络是经脉和络脉的总称，是运行全身气血，联系脏腑形体官窍，沟通上下内外，感应传导信息的通路系统，是人体结构的重要组成部分。
15、中寒：寒邪之中于里，伤及脏腑阳气者，称为“中寒”。
16、风为百风之长：一是指风邪常兼他邪而伤人，为外邪致病的先导；二是指风邪袭人，致病最多。
17、伏而后发：是指感受邪气后，病邪在机体内潜伏一段时间，或在诱因的作用下，过时而发病的一种发病形式。
中医基础理论名词解释
中医基础理论名词解释1、五行:就是指木、火、土、金、水五种物质及其运动变化,衍化为归纳宇宙万物并阐释其相互关系得五种基本属性。
2、肺主治节:就是指肺气具有治理调节肺之呼吸及全身之气、血、水得作用。
3、元气:就是人体中最根本、最重要得气,由肾精(或先天之精)化生,就是人体生命活动得原动力。
4、别络:为脉络中较大者,又称“大络”。
,加之任脉、督脉得别络与脾之大络,合称“十五别络”、若加之胃之别络,又可称为“十六别络”。
5、伤寒:寒客肌表,郁遏卫阳者,称为“伤寒”。
6、痰饮:痰饮就是人体水液代谢障碍所形成得病理产物。
一般以稠浊得称为痰,清稀得称为饮。
7、内燥:就是指机体津液不足,各组织器官与孔窍失其濡润,而出现干燥苦涩得病理变化。
8、邪正盛衰:就是指在疾病过程中,机体得抗病能力与致病邪气之间在相互斗争中所发生得盛衰变化。
9、正治:就是指采用与疾病得症候性质相反得药物以治疗疾病得一种治疗原则。
由于采用得方药与疾病症候性质相逆,故又称“逆治”。
10、赛因赛用:就是指用补益药物来治疗具有闭塞不通症状得虚证,适用于因体质虚弱,脏腑精气功能减退而出现闭塞症状得真虚假热证。
11、阴阳:就是中国古代哲学得一对范畴,就是对自然界相互关联得某些事物或现象对立双方属性得概括。
12、上焦如雾:雾,即雾露。
喻指上焦心、肺输布气血得作用如天降雾露。
13、精:就是由禀受于父母得生命物质与后天水谷精微相结合而形成得一种精华物质,就是人体生命得本原,就是构成人体与维持人体生命活动得最基本得物质。
14、经络:经络就是经脉与络脉得总称,就是运行全身气血,联系脏腑形体官窍,沟通上下内外,感应传导信息得通路系统,就是人体结构得重要组成部分。
15、中寒:寒邪之中于里,伤及脏腑阳气者,称为“中寒”。
16、风为百风之长:一就是指风邪常兼她邪而伤人,为外邪致病得先导;二就是指风邪袭人,致病最多。
17、伏而后发:就是指感受邪气后,病邪在机体内潜伏一段时间,或在诱因得作用下,过时而发病得一种发病形式。
中医基础理论名词解释
中医基础理论名词解释1、五行:就是指木、火、土、金、水五种物质及其运动变化,衍化为归纳宇宙万物并阐释其相互关系的五种基本属性。
2、肺主治节:就是指肺气具有治理调节肺之呼吸及全身之气、血、水的作用。
3、元气:就是人体中最根本、最重要的气,由肾精(或先天之精)化生,就是人体生命活动的原动力。
4、别络:为脉络中较大者,又称“大络”。
,加之任脉、督脉的别络与脾之大络,合称“十五别络”、若加之胃之别络,又可称为“十六别络”。
5、伤寒:寒客肌表,郁遏卫阳者,称为“伤寒”。
6、痰饮:痰饮就是人体水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物。
一般以稠浊的称为痰,清稀的称为饮。
7、内燥:就是指机体津液不足,各组织器官与孔窍失其濡润,而出现干燥苦涩的病理变化。
8、邪正盛衰:就是指在疾病过程中,机体的抗病能力与致病邪气之间在相互斗争中所发生的盛衰变化。
9、正治:就是指采用与疾病的症候性质相反的药物以治疗疾病的一种治疗原则。
由于采用的方药与疾病症候性质相逆,故又称“逆治”。
10、赛因赛用:就是指用补益药物来治疗具有闭塞不通症状的虚证,适用于因体质虚弱,脏腑精气功能减退而出现闭塞症状的真虚假热证。
11、阴阳:就是中国古代哲学的一对范畴,就是对自然界相互关联的某些事物或现象对立双方属性的概括。
12、上焦如雾:雾,即雾露。
喻指上焦心、肺输布气血的作用如天降雾露。
13、精:就是由禀受于父母的生命物质与后天水谷精微相结合而形成的一种精华物质,就是人体生命的本原,就是构成人体与维持人体生命活动的最基本的物质。
14、经络:经络就是经脉与络脉的总称,就是运行全身气血,联系脏腑形体官窍,沟通上下内外,感应传导信息的通路系统,就是人体结构的重要组成部分。
15、中寒:寒邪之中于里,伤及脏腑阳气者,称为“中寒”。
16、风为百风之长:一就是指风邪常兼她邪而伤人,为外邪致病的先导;二就是指风邪袭人,致病最多。
17、伏而后发:就是指感受邪气后,病邪在机体内潜伏一段时间,或在诱因的作用下,过时而发病的一种发病形式。
中医基础理论关键名词术语(经典资料)
中医基础理论关键名词术语(经典资料) zzzxxx001 发表于: 2007-7-06 22:27 来源: 中华中医药绪论introduction中医学traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)中医学理论体系theory system of TCM中医基础理论basic theory of TCM整体观念holism concept五脏一体观holism of five organs形神一体观holism of body and spirit天人一体观holism of human beings and universe医学模式medical pattern辨证syndrome differentiation论治treatment variation疾病disease证候syndrome症状symptom体征physical sign辨病disease diagnosing同病异治different treatments for the same disease异病同治the same treatment for the different disease第一章中医学的哲学基础Ancient philosophic basis of TCM精Jing(as the world origin in ancient philosophy)气qi(as the world origin in the ancient philosophy)精气学说theory of jingqi生命life中介medium气机qi activity气化qi transformation感应induction水地说hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth 云气说hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air气一元论monism of qi元气一元论monism of qi阴阳yinyang; yin and yang阴阳学说theory of yinyang阴阳对立inter-opposition between yin and yang阴阳互根inter-dependence between yin and yang阴阳消长wane and wax between yin and yang阴阳交感inter-induction between yin and yang阴阳互藏inter-containing between yin and yang阴阳转化inter-transformation between yin and yang阴阳自和reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium阴阳平衡both yin and yang in equilibrium五行five elements五行学说theory of five elements五行相生inter-promotion of five elements五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements 五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements五行胜复resistance of oppressed elements母病及子mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ滋水涵木replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生mutual generation between metal and water抑木扶土inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土治水cultivating earth to control water佐金平木assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water)宏观观察observation on macroscopic level中和golden mean类比analogy第二章藏象Viscera state藏象viscera state藏象学说doctrine of viscera state脏腑viscera; zangfu organs五脏five zang organs心heart肺lung脾spleen肝liver肾kidney六腑six fu organs胆gall bladder胃stomach小肠small intestine大肠large intestine三焦tri-jiao; sanjiao膀胱urinary bladder奇恒之腑extraordinary fu organs脑brain髓marrow骨bone脉vessel女子胞uterus满而不实full of essence without foodstuff实而不满full of foodstuff without essence心主神明heart controlling mental activities心主血脉heart controlling blood circulation心藏神heart storing spirit肺主气lung governing qi肺主呼吸之气lung governing respiratory qi肺主一身之气lung governing physical qi肺朝百脉convergence of vessels in the lung肺主行水lung governing water metabolism肺主治节lung governing coordinative activities of viscera 肺为华盖lung being the canopy肺为娇脏lung being the delicate organ肺主宣发肃降lung controlling dispersing outward and inwards气门pore后天之本source of acquired constitution脾主运化spleen governing transportation and transformation脾气主升spleen governing ascending脾主统血spleen governing blood脾喜燥恶湿spleen preferring dryness to dampness肝主疏泄liver governing regulating肝主藏血liver storing blood肝体因而用阳liver of yin nature with yang functioning肝为刚脏liver being the resolute viscera罢极之本source of endurance先天之本congenital foundation肾藏精kidney storing essence肾阴kidney yin肾阳kidney yang肾精kidney essence肾气kidney qi天癸tiangui肾主水液kidney governing water肾主纳气kidney receiving respiratory qi命门vital gate七冲门seven important portals胆主决断gallbladder governing deciding胃主通降stomach managing downward transportation of food喜润恶燥preferring moisture to dryness受盛化物containing and digesting泌别清浊separating the clear from the turbid上焦如雾upper-jiao resembling mist中焦如沤middle-jiao resembling fermenter下焦如渎lower-jiao resembling drainage元神之府mentality house脑为髓海brain being the marrow sea心肾相交coordination between heart and kidney水火相济regulation between water and fire肺为气之主lung being the governor of qi肾为气之根kidney being the root of qi肝肾同源liver and kidney sharing the same origin乙癸同源Yi and Gui sharing the same origin (liver and kidney sharing the same origin)精血同源essence and blood sharing the same origin藏泄互用interdependence between storing and discharging 纳运相得inter-promotion between containing and digestion 升降相因inerdependence between ascending and descending燥湿相济interdependence between drying and moistening 胃润喜恶燥stomach preferring moisture to dryness第三章精气血津液神Essence, qi, blood, body fluid and，spirit气qi元气primordial qi元阴primordial yin元阳primordial yang气机qi activity气化qi transformation气海qi sea卫气defensive qi宗气thoracic qi营气nutrient qi原气primordial qi气能生血qi promoting blood production气为血之帅qi being the governor of blood气主升之qi promoting气能生津qi promoting body fluid production气能行血qi promoting blood circulation血为气之母blood being the mother of qi血主濡之blood nourishing气能行津qi promoting body fluid circulation气能摄血qi governing blood津能载气body fluid conveying qi血能载气blood conveying qi气能摄津qi governing body fluid津停气滞body fluid retention causing qi stagnation血blood精essence神spirit精能化气essence transforming into qi先天之精congenital essence后天之精acquired essence水谷之精foodstuff essence气能生精qi promoting essence production津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same source血汗同源blood and sweat sharing the same source膻中danzhong虚里heart apex津液body fluid第四章经络Meridians and collaterals经络meridians and collaterals经络学说theory of meridian and collateral; meridian经气meridian qi经脉meridian; channel络脉collateral十二经脉twelve meridians十二正经twelve regular channels手太阴肺经lung channel of hand taiyin(L)手阳明大肠经large intestine channel of hand yangming(LI) 足阳明胃经stomach channel of foot yangming(St)足太阴脾经spleen channel of foot tayin(Sp)手少阴心经heart channel of hand shaoyin(H)手太阳小肠经small intestine channel of hand taiyang(SI) 足太阳膀胱经urinary bladder channel of foot taiyang(U足少阴肾经kidney channel of foot shaoyin(K)手厥阴心包经pericardium channel of hand jueyin(P)手少阳三焦经tri-jiao channel of hand shaoyang(TJ)足少阳胆经gall bladder channel of foot shaoyang(G足厥阴肝经liver channel of foot jueyin(Liv)奇经八脉eight extra channels督脉governor vessel; Du meridian任脉conception vessel; Ren meridian冲脉flush vessel; Chong meridian带脉belt vessel; Dai meridian阴跷脉yinqiao meridian阳跷脉yangqiao meridian阴维脉yinwei meridian阳维脉yangwei meridian十二经别twelve divergent channels十五别络fifteen large collaterals孙络minute collateral浮络superficial collateral十二经筋twelve meridian musculatures十二皮部twelve cutaneous areas阳脉之海sea of yang meridian (governor vessel)阴脉之海sea of yin meridian (conception vessel)任主胞胎conception vessel governing uterus and gestation 十二经脉之海sea of the twelve meridians (flush vessel)血海blood sea (flush vessel)第五章体质Body constitution体质body constitution形神合一harmonization between soma and spirit体格physique体型body type人格personality气质temperament性格character素质heredity理想体质ideal body constitutions病势disease tendency质化（从化）property transformation 第六章病因Pathogeny病因pathogeny病因学说etiology辨症求因pathogeny differentiation from symptoms and signs六淫six exopathogen六气six climates六邪six exopathogen伤寒exogenous febrile disease中寒cold stroke风性轻扬wind tending to drift善行数变migrant and variable风性主动wind tending to migrate百病之长guide of various disease寒性凝滞cold tending to coagulate and stagnate寒性收引cold tending to contract寒则气收cold retarding qi circulation暑性升散summer heat tending to ascend and disperse炅则气泄heat causing qi exhaustion暑多夹湿summer heat usually accompanied with dampness 湿性重浊dampness being heavy and turbid湿性黏滞dampness being viscous and lingering湿性趋下dampness tending to descend燥性干涩dryness tending to desiccate火性趋上fire tending to flare up火易生风动血fire causing wind and bleeding疠气epidemic pathogens瘟疫pestilence七情seven emotions七情内伤internal injuries caused by seven emotions怒则气上rage causing qi to flow upwards喜则气缓joy causing qi slack悲则气消grief causing qi depression思则气结contemplation causing qi stagnation惊则气乱terror causing qi disorder恐则气下fear causing qi collapse饮食不节improper diet饮食不洁dirty diet饮食偏嗜diet preference形劳physical overstrain劳则气耗overstrain causing qi exhaustion心劳heart overstrain神劳psychological overstrain肾劳kidney overstrain房劳sexual overstrain有形之痰visible phlegm无形之痰invisible phlegm瘀血blood stasis结石calculus药邪medicine abuse医过therapist fault胎弱congenital deficiency胎毒fetus toxin第七章发病Invasion正气healthy qi邪气pathogenic factors遗传病genetic disease感邪即发acute onset after affected徐发chronic onset伏而后发latent onset继发secondary onset合病simultaneous onset并病following onset复病recurrence后遗症sequel重感致复re-affected causing recurrence食复diet recurrence劳复overstrain recurrence药复medicine recurrence情志致复emotion recurrence第八章病机Pathogenesis病机pathogenesis病机学pathology病机层次pathological level基本病机basic pathogenesis实sthenia实证sthenic syndrome虚asthenia虚证asthenia syndrome虚实错杂mixture of asthenia and sthenia虚中夹实asthenia with sthenia实中夹虚sthenia with asthenia虚实转化inter-transformation between asthenia and sthenia 由实转虚sthenia transforming into asthenia因虚致实sthenia symptoms caused by asthenia虚实真假pseudo or true manifestation of asthenia and sthenia真实假虚sthenia with pseudo asthenia大实有羸状excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia真虚假实asthenia with pseudo sthenia至虚有盛候excessive asthenia manifesting as excessive sthenia正胜邪退healthy qi expelling pathogen邪去正虚pathogen retreating with asthenia healthy qi邪盛正衰prosperous pathogen with asthenia healthy qi邪正相持struggle between healthy qi and pathogen正虚邪恋asthenic healthy qi with pathogen lingering阴阳失调imbalance between yin and yang 阴阳偏盛excess of yin or yang阳偏盛yang excess阳盛yang excess阴偏盛yin excess阴盛yin excess阴阳偏衰deficiency of yin or yang阳偏衰yang deficiency阳虚yang deficiency阴偏衰yin deficiency阴虚yin deficiency阴阳互损inter-impairment between yin and yang阴损及阳yin impairment involving yang阳损及阴yang impairment involving yin阴阳格拒repellence between yin and yang阴盛格阳predominant yin rejecting yang格阳rejecting yang阳盛格阴predominant yang rejecting yin格阴rejecting yin阴阳亡失exhaustion of yin or yang亡阴yin exhaustion亡阳阳yang exhaustion精虚essence asthenia精瘀essence stasis气虚qi asthenia气机失调disorder of qi activity气滞qi stagnation气逆qi adverseness气陷qi collapse上气不足qi failing to transport upward中气下陷qi failing to lift气闭qi blockage气脱qi exhaustion血虚blood asthenia血瘀blood stasis出血haemorrhage血寒blood cold血热blood heat精气两虚asthenia of essence and qi精血不足asthenia of essence and blood气滞精瘀qi stagnation and essence stasis血瘀精阻blood stasis and essence obstruction气滞血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis气虚血瘀qi asthenia causing blood stasis气不摄血qi failing to control blood气随血脱qi exhaustion resulting from hemorrhage 气血两虚asthenia of qi and blood津液不足body fluid asthenia伤津body fluid impairment脱液body fluid exhaustion津液输布障碍dysfunction of body fluid distribution津液排泄障碍dysfunction of body fluid excretion水停气阻water retention causing qi stagnation气随津脱qi exhaustion resulting from body fluid loss津枯血燥body fluid depletion causing blood stasis津亏血瘀body fluid depletion causing blood stasis血瘀水停blood stasis causing water retention内风endogenous wind风气内动disturbance of endogenous wind肝风liver wind肝阳化风liver yang causing wind热极生风extreme heat causing wind阴虚风动yin asthenia causing wind血虚生风blood asthenia causing wind寒从中生cold originating from interior内寒endogenous cold湿浊内生dampness originating from interior内湿endogenous dampness津伤化燥body fluid impairment causing dryness内燥endogenous dryness火热内生heat or fire originating from interior内热endogenous heat内火endogenous fire少火junior fire壮火excessive fire阳亢化火excessive yang causing fire气有余便是火excessive qi causing fire邪郁化火pathogen accumulation causing fire五志化火five emotions causing fire阴虚火旺yin asthenia causing fire疾病传变pathogenesis transmission病位传变focus transmission表里传变transmission between interior and exterior表病入里exogenous disease invading interior里病出表endogenous disease retreating to exterior半表半里semi-interior and semi-exterior直中direct attack六经传变six meridians transmission三焦传变tri-jiao transmission卫气营血传变transmission of wei, qi, ying and xue顺传sequential transmission逆传adverse transmission脏腑传变viscera transmission脏与脏的传变transmission among zang organs脏与腑的传变transmission among zang organs and fu organs腑与腑的传变transmission among fu organs形脏内外传变transmission between interior and exterior寒热转化inter-transformation between cold and heat寒化热cold transforming into heat热化寒heat transforming into cold 第九章防治原则Principle of prevention and therapy预防prevention养生health promotion未病先防prevention before disease onset既病防变preventing disease from exacerbating 治则therapeutic principle治法therapeutic method治病求本treating disease from the root标本branch and root正治routine treatment反治contrary treatment寒者热之cold treated with warm热者寒之heat treated with cool虚则补之asthenia requiring tonification实则泻之sthenia requiring purgation热因热用heat treated with warm寒因寒用cold treated with cool通因通用diarrhea treated with purgation塞因塞用obstruction treated with tonification 扶正strengthening healthy qi祛邪eliminating pathogens因时制宜climate-concerned treatment因地制宜environment-concerned treatment因人制宜individuality-concerned treatment。
中医学名词解释
中医学名词解释中医学是中国传统医药学的一部分，它以整体观念和阴阳学说为基础，通过调整人体的气血、阴阳、脏腑等系统的平衡来治疗疾病。
以下是七个中医学的名词解释。
1. 气血：气是指人体的生命能量，而血是指血液循环系统中的液体。
中医学认为，气血是人体的基本物质和能量，它们相互依赖、相互转化，保持人体健康与平衡。
2. 阴阳：阴阳是中医学的重要理论基础，它代表了事物相对的两个方面。
阴是指寒凉、负极性、静止等性质，而阳是指热燥、正极性、活动等性质。
中医学认为，人体的健康取决于阴阳的平衡。
3. 脏腑：脏腑是人体内部的器官系统，包括心、肺、肝、脾、肾等。
中医学认为，脏腑是维持人体生理功能的重要组成部分，也是疾病发生的主要场所。
4. 经络：经络是中医学中描述人体内部气血流动的通道系统，它相当于现代医学的血管和神经系统。
中医学认为，通过调整经络的畅通，可以促进气血循环，调节脏腑功能，治疗疾病。
5. 药物：中医学使用的药物主要来自天然植物、动物和矿物等。
中药是中医学疗法的重要组成部分，它通过调节人体的阴阳、气血平衡，达到治疗疾病的效果。
6. 针灸：针灸是中医学的独特疗法，通过在人体特定穴位用针刺激，达到调整人体气血、脏腑、经络等功能的目的。
针灸疗法被广泛应用于疼痛、消化系统疾病、神经系统疾病等方面的治疗。
7. 饮食调养：中医学强调通过合理的饮食结构来调节人体的阴阳平衡，达到养生和治疗疾病的目的。
饮食调养包括根据个人体质和疾病情况制定合理的膳食，并遵循食物的性味与五行属性进行搭配。
以上是七个中医学的名词解释，它们是中医学理论体系的重要组成部分，也是中医学治疗疾病的基础。
中医学注重综合分析和个体化治疗，与西方现代医学形成了独特的医学体系，为保护和促进人类健康做出了卓越贡献。
中医基础理论重点知识汇总
中医基础理论重点知识汇总1.中医的整体观念：中医学认为人体是一个有机整体，强调人与自然环境的相互关系。
它强调“要治病，先求人体整体的协调与平衡”。
2.中医的辨证论治：中医治疗强调辨证论治，即根据患者的病情和体质特点，运用辩证的思维方法进行诊断和治疗。
辨证论治包括辨证、辨证施治、辨证施药。
3.中医的阴阳学说：中医学认为存在着阴阳两种相对对立而统一的基本范畴，阴阳是一对矛盾统一体，存在于自然界和人体内，阴阳之间相互依存、相互制约，保持了整体的动态平衡。
5.中医的五行学说：五行包括木、火、土、金、水五种基本物质和能量的概念。
中医学认为五行相生相克的关系贯穿于人体的生理和病理过程中，对人体的健康和疾病起着重要影响。
6.中医的气血理论：中医学认为气和血是构成人体生命活动的基本物质，气主动，血主静，二者密切相互关联。
气血的运行畅通与否决定了人体各脏腑功能的正常与否。
7.中医的病因病理学说：中医学认为疾病的形成是多种因素相互作用的结果，主要包括外感六淫、内伤情志、饮食失调等外因内因。
疾病的发展过程表现为五脏六腑的病理变化。
8.中医的诊断方法：中医诊断方法包括望诊、闻诊、问诊、切诊四个方面。
中医强调辩证论治，注重从整体、动态、直观的角度进行诊断，通过多种方法综合分析，得出全面准确的诊断结果。
9.中医的药物学：中医药物学包括草药学和中药制剂学两个方面。
草药学研究草药的性味归经、功能作用等；中药制剂学研究中药的制备工艺和配伍规律。
10.中医的预防保健：中医强调预防保健，注重调节人体的阴阳平衡，增强体质，提高抗病能力。
中医的预防保健包括养生、食疗、按摩、气功等多种方法。
以上是中医基础理论的重点知识的汇总。
这些知识对于学习中医学和应用中医治疗是非常重要的，只有掌握了基础理论，才能更好地理解和应用中医。
因此，建议学习者在学习中医学的过程中，要注重对这些重点知识的学习和理解，以便更好地应用于临床实践中。
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关于中医基础理论关键名词术语（转贴）中医基础理论关键名词术语绪论introduction中医学traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)中医学理论体系theory system of TCM中医基础理论basic theory of TCM整体观念holism concept五脏一体观holism of five organs形神一体观holism of body and spirit天人一体观holism of human beings and universe医学模式medical pattern辨证syndrome differentiation论治treatment variation疾病disease证候syndrome症状symptom体征physical sign辨病disease diagnosing同病异治different treatment for the same disease异病同治the same treatment for the different disease第一章中医学的哲学基础ancient philosophic basis of TCM 精jing (as the world origin in ancient philosophy)气qi (as the world origin in the ancient philosophy)精气学说theory of jingqi生命life中介medium气机qi activity气化qi transformation感应induction水地说hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth 云气说hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air气一元论monism of qi元气一元论monism of qi阴阳yinyang; yin and yang阴阳学说theory of yinyang阴阳对立inter-opposition between yin and yang阴阳互根inter-dependence between yin and yang阴阳消长wane and wax between yin and yang阴阳交感inter-induction between yin and yang阴阳互藏inter-containing between yin and yang阴阳转化inter-transformation between yin and yang阴阳自和reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium阴阳平衡both yin and yang in equilibrium五行five elements五行学说theory of five elements五行相生inter-promotion of five elements五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements 五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements五行胜复resistance of oppressed elements母病及子mother-organ disorder involving its child-organ子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ滋水涵木replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生mutual generation between metal and water抑木扶土inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土治水cultivating earth to control water佐金平木assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water) 宏观观察observation on macroscopic level中和golden mean类比analogy第二章藏象viscera state藏象viscera state藏象学说doctrine of viscera state脏腑viscera; zangfu organs五脏five zang organs心heart肺lung脾spleen肝liver肾kidney六腑six fu organs胆gall bladder胃stomach小肠small intestine大肠large intestine三焦tri-jiao; sanjiao膀胱urinary blader奇恒之腑extraordinary fu organs脑brain髓marrow骨bone脉vessel女子胞uterus满而不实full of essence without foodstuff 实而不满full of foodstuff without essence 心主神明heart controlling mental activities 心主血脉heart controlling blood circulation 心藏神heart storing spirit肺主气lung governing qi肺主呼吸之气lung governing respiratory qi肺主一身之气lung governing physical qi肺朝百脉convergence of vessels in the lung肺主行水lung governing water metabolism肺主治节lung governing coordinative activities of viscera肺为华盖lung being the canopy肺为娇脏lung being the delicate organ肺主宣发肃降lung controlling dispersing outward and inwards 气门pore后天之本source of acquired constitution脾主运化spleen governing transportation and transformation 脾气主升spleen governing ascending脾主统血spleen governing blood脾喜燥恶湿spleen preferring dryness to dampness肝主疏泄liver governing regulating肝主藏血liver storing blood肝体因而用阳liver of yin nature with yang functioning肝为刚脏liver being the resolute viscera罢极之本source of endurance先天之本congenital foundation肾藏精kidney storing essence肾阴kidney yin肾阳kidney yang肾精kidney essence肾气kidney qi天癸tiangui肾主水液kidney governing water肾主纳气kidney receiving respiratory qi命门vital gate七冲门seven important portals胆主决断gallbladder governing deciding胃主通降stomach managing downward transportation of food 喜润恶燥preferring moisture to dryness受盛化物containing and digesting泌别清浊separating the clear from the turbid上焦如雾upper-jiao resembling mist中焦如沤middle-jiao resembling fermenter下焦如渎lower-jiao resembling drainage元神之府mentality house脑为髓海brain being the marrow sea心肾相交coordination between heart and kidney水火相济regulation between water and fire肺为气之主lung being the governor of qi肾为气之根kidney being the root of qi肝肾同源liver and kidney sharing the same origin乙癸同源Yi and Gui sharing the same origin (liver and kidney sharing the sameorigin)精血同源essence and blood sharing the same origin藏泄互用interdependence between storing and discharging纳运相得inter-promotion between containing and digestion升降相因interdependence between ascending and descending燥湿相济interdependence between drying and moistening胃润喜恶燥stomach preferring moisture to dryness第三章精气血津液神essence, qi, blood, body fluid and spirit气qi元气primordial qi元阴primordial yin元阳primordial yang气机qi activity气化qi transformation气海qi sea卫气defensive qi宗气thoracic qi原气primordial qi气能生血qi promoting blood production气为血之帅qi being the governor of blood气主升之qi promoting气能生津qi promoting body fluid production气能行血qi promoting blood circulation血为气之母blood being the mother of qi血主濡之blood nourishing气能行津qi promoting body fluid circulation气能摄血qi governing blood津能载气body fluid conveying qi血能载气blood conveying qi气能摄津qi governing body fluid津停气滞body fluid retention causing qi stagnation血blood精essence神spirit精能化气essence transforming into qi先天之精congenital essence后天之精acquired essence水谷之精foodstuff essence气能生精qi promoting essence production津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same source血汗同源blood and sweat sharing the same source膻中danzhong虚里heart apex津液body fluid第四章经络meridians and collaterals经络meridians and collaterals经络学说theory of meridian and collateral; meridian doctrine经脉meridian; channel络脉collateral十二经脉twelve meridians十二正经twelve regular channels手太阴肺经lung channel of hand taiyin(L)手阳明大肠经large intestine channel of hand yangming(LI) 足阳明胃经stomach channel of foot yangming(St)足太阴脾经spleen channel of foot tayin(Sp)手少阴心经heart channel of hand shaoyin(H)手太阳小肠经small intestine channel of hand taiyang(SI) 足太阳膀胱经urinary bladder channel of foot taiyang(U足少阴肾经kidney channel of foot shaoyin(K)手厥阴心包经pericardium channel of hand jueyin(P)手少阳三焦经tri-jiao channel of hand shaoyang(TJ)足少阳胆经gall bladder channel of foot shaoyang(G足厥阴肝经liver channel of foot jueyin(Liv)奇经八脉eight extra channels督脉governor vessel; Du meridian任脉conception vessel; Ren meridian冲脉flush vessel; Chong meridian带脉belt vessel; Dai meridian阴跷脉yinqiao meridian阳跷脉yangqiao meridian阴维脉yinwei meridian阳维脉yangwei meridian十二经别twelve divergent channels十五别络fifteen large collaterals孙络minute collateral浮络superficial collateral十二经筋twelve meridian musculatures十二皮部twelve coetaneous areas阳脉之海sea of yang meridian (governor vessel)阴脉之海sea of yin meridian (conception vessel)任主胞胎conception vessel governing uterus and gestation 十二经脉之海sea of the twelve meridians (flush vessel)血海blood sea (flush vessel)第五章体质body constitution体质body constitution形神合一harmonization between soma and spirit体格physique体型body type人格personality气质temperament性格character素质heredity理想体质ideal body constitutions病势disease tendency质化（从化）property transformation第六章病因pathogeny病因pathogeny病因学说etiology辨症求因pathogeny differentiation from symptoms and signs 六淫six exopathogens六气six climates六邪six exopathogens伤寒exogenous febrile disease中寒cold stroke风性轻扬wind tending to drift善行数变migrant and variable风性主动wind tending to migrate百病之长guide of various disease寒性凝滞cold tending to coagulate and stagnate寒性收引cold tending to contract寒则气收cold retarding qi circulation暑性升散summer heat tending to ascend and disperse炅则气泄heat causing qi exhaustion暑多夹湿summer heat usually accompanied with dampness 湿性重浊dampness being heavy and turbid湿性黏滞dampneee being viscous and lingering湿性趋下sampness tending to descend燥性干涩dryness tending to desiccate火性趋上fire tending to flare up火易生风动血fire causing wind and bleeding疠气epidemic pathogens瘟疫pestilence七情seven emotions七情内伤inernal injuries caused by seven emotions怒则气上rage causing qi to flow upwards喜则气缓joy causing qi slack悲则气消grief causing qi depression思则气结contemplation causing qi stagnation惊则气乱terror causing qi disorder恐则气下fear causing qi collapse饮食不节improper diet饮食不洁dirty diet饮食偏嗜diet preference形劳physical overstrain劳则气耗overstrain causing qi exhausetion心劳heart overstrain神劳psychological ovrestrain肾劳kidney overstrain房劳sexual overstrain有形之痰visible phlegm无形之痰invisible phlegm瘀血blood stasis结石calculus药邪medicine abuse医过therapist fault胎弱congenital deficiency胎毒fetus toxin第七章发病invasion正气healthy qi邪气pathogenic factors遗传病genetic disease感邪即发acute onset after affected徐发chronic onset伏而后发latent onset继发secondary onset合病simultaneous onset并病following onset复病recurrence后遗症sequela重感致复re-affected causing recurrence 食复diet recurrence劳复overstrain recurrence药复medicine recurrence情志致复emotion recurrence第八章病机pathogenesis病机pathogenesis病机学pathology。