专八翻译二
专业八级翻译专项2
(2)抽象引申
原文作者有时会通过扩大或缩小词的外延或内涵 来达到某种修辞目的。因此，在翻译过程中，有时需 要在具体语境中调整词的概念范围，以充分传译出作 者本意。现代英语常用表示具体形象的词指代一种属 性、一种概念或一个事物，翻译时宜作抽象化的处理， 使译文更加自然流畅。 例1： 原文: There were few roads visible below, mast transportation Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. 译文:窗外几乎看不见道路，因为在尼泊尔步行是最主 要的交通方式，古老的小路纵懂交错在整个国家。
2012-12-15
(3)根据词的搭配和习惯选择词义
英语中，形容词与名词、动词与名词、动词与副词 以及动词与介词等常常构成搭配，这些相对固定的搭 配关系构成了自己的固定意思。 例1： 原文: Out the right window, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond. ( 2011年真题) 译文: 从右边的机窗望去，三、四条成阶梯状的高耸山 脊突然向前延伸至印度平原。 例2： 原文: I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. ( 2006年真题) 译文: 我精神振奋、满怀信心地承担起我的任务。
2012-12-15
(2)根据词的使用场合及上下文联系选择词义
例1： 原文: Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos... ( 2007年真题) 译文: 科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲..... 分析: 这里的reach意为“范围”，为较偏僻词义，应 结合该处语境引申为边陲。 例2： 原文: Most commonly we came to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. ( 2005年真题)
专八翻译2
11．FranknessYou must study to be frank with the world: frankness is the child of honesty and courage. Say just what you mean to do, on every occasion. If a friend asks a favor, you should grant it, if it is reasonable; if not, tell him plainly why you cannot. You would wrong him and wrong yourself by equivocation of any kind.Never do a wrong thing to make a friend or keep one. The man who requires you to do so is dearly purchased at a sacrifice. Deal kindly but firmly with all your classmates. You will find it the policy which wears best. Above all, do not appear to others what you are not.If you have any fault to find with any one, tell him, not others, of what you complain. There is no more dangerous experiment than that of undertaking to do one thing before a man's face and another behind hisback. We should say and do nothing to the injury of any one. It is not only a matter of principle, but also the path of peace and hornor.By Robert E. Lee参考译文在世间必须学会以真诚示人：率真乃是诚实与勇敢之子。
2023专八翻译题汉译英
2023专八翻译题汉译英专八翻译题汉译英篇1中文原文：愚蠢的男人和愚蠢的女人结婚是一种幸福;才智的.男人和聪慧的女人在一起是一种格调。
当两种情形不幸交叉，生活就像被贬谪为日子。
音乐的本质都是悲伤而缠绵悱恻的，一如艳阳下溪水带不走逆行的云彩，而落叶却兀自随溪水而去。
佳人本是天上云，晴朗明月下，秋色正浓时，一任寥落的雁声滑过而不侧目。
Translation:It is a blessing that foolish men get married with foolish women. It is exquisite that intelligent men stay with wise women. If unfortunately, they are mismatched, then life is diminished to days. The essence of all music is melancholy and sentimental, just like the feeling when you see the stream, flowing under the bright sun, cannot take any clouds going upstream away with it while the fallen leaves still choose to flow away with the stream by themselves without hesitation. Beautiful women are the clouds that do not even throw a glance at the wild geese making few cries in the sky in the bright and clear moonlight of deep autumn.专八翻译题汉译英篇2中文原文：中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有一个比例较为恰当的地位，而绝非对统治万物的主宰。
专业八级翻译参考译文
专业八级翻译参考译文Model Test 1SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH[参考译文]Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple. As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat. Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill and then left slipping and jumping. The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple. Normally none of their came out to watch the tigers eat. Sometimes, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left. Sometimes, when they found，monks at the gate, they would whisk a way like the wind after uttering several thunderous roars.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CIINESE【参考译文】涉足爱河的青年男女常以爱情为砝码，而他们的父母更愿意他们选择有钱人。
2023年专八参考译文10套
1PART V TRANSLATIONSECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH【参考译文】O.cours.w.ar.not.an.coul.not.b.perfec.wit.regar.t.huma.rights.becaus.Chin.ha..histor.o.severa.thousa n.year.o.feudalism.Chin.als.experience..semi-feuda.an.semi-colonia.rule.I.i.onl.5.year.sinc.th.foun din.o.th.People'.Republi.o.China.Ho.coul.w.possibl.solv.al.th.pas.problem.withi.jus.5.years.Bu.w.a plaint.an.criticis.fro.al.sides.especiall.fro.th.ordinar.Chines.people.W.ar.readin.l etter.fro.the.ever.da.an.w.ar.doin.ou.bes.t.satisf.thei.wishe.an.mee.thei.needs.W.ar.als.willin.t.liste.t. ment.o.ou.friend.abroad.Thu.w.hav.man.channel.fo.dialogue.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE【参考译文】仪容整洁和个人卫生的讲究已经行之有年了。
很难想象一个人们不在乎打理外表和身体清洁的时代。
或许这些卫生习惯始于亚当第一次洗澡梳头去赴夏娃的约；也也许始于夏娃第一次搽上青草制的化妆品使自己更美丽。
无论是从何时开始的, 仪容整洁与个人卫生已经成为每个人生活例行事务中重要的一部份。
你也许认为所有现代社会中的仪容整洁与卫生习惯都是同样的。
毕竟, 不是每一个人天天都要洗澡的吗？大部份人的确肯定卫生的必要性, 它是清洁与健康的基础, 也是维持友谊的好办法。
专八-翻译答案
1997年参考译文：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。
我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支付能力的人。
然而，问题是我们为什么要这么做。
没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育是不可或缺的。
但是，即使在史前的穴居时代，人们伸出手来，也不仅仅是为了吃喝，为了搏杀，而且还有一个目的，那就是动手作画。
人们对文化的冲动，即人们希望通过想象和再现来表现并探索这个世界的愿望，才是最根本的。
在欧洲，人们通过音乐、美术、文学和戏剧等方面的不朽作品的创作，实现了这一愿望。
这些杰作是衡量人类努力程度的试金石，是检验人类思维和想象潜能的标准，它们有着最深厚的寓意，并在人们彼此之间传播。
Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are requir ed to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.1998年参考译文（翻译第二段）：因此，我们在说“美国”文学，并不表明我们认为美国文学与欧洲文学截然不同。
专业英语-专业英语八级翻译分类真题汉译英(二).doc
TRANSLATIONCHINESE TO ENGLISH丄、朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前捉的，容不得半点儿强求、干涉和控制。
彼此Z间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交，反之，则离、则绝。
朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬，这样，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。
每个人都希塑拥冇自己的•片私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。
待友不敬，有时或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋卜•了破坏性的种了。
维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来冇节，互不干涉，久而敬Z才能天长地久。
2、现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。
而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛盾，许多时候你别无选择。
匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。
但在现实生活屮，人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是''休闲着〃还是''忙碌着〃。
譬如说，当我们止在旅游胜地享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，告诉我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦一现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的而容一搞得人一下子兴趣全无。
接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。
3、泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接冋来。
但泊珍看他第一眼，彷似一声雷劈头而來，令她晕头涨脑，这丄岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去！痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸「郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。
院长说这孩了发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪，她在孩子所待的房里来凹踱步，这房里述冇英他小孩，整个房间只冇一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑，就让这孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有阪疗作用的看护屮心，这是留住孩了最好的地方。
这孩了是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
她将秘密留在心头。
4、生活就像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从其中品出无穷无尽的美妙。
将它握在手中仔细观察，它的暗红色屮冇血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。
历年专八翻译真题【英译汉】
历年专八翻译真题1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things areinevitably the province（范围） of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We c an choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture accessible（易接近的，可达到的） to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No bodydenies the imperatives（必要的）of food shelter defence health andeducation. But even in a prehistoric cave man-kind stretched out a handof not just to eat drink or fight but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture the desire to express and explore the world throughimagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就） in the masterpieces of our music art literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石） for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for thepossibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.【参考答案】 English to Chinese译文1：欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
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Test Two幸福有时会同我们开一个玩笑，乔装打扮而来。
机遇、友情、成功、团圆……它们都酷似幸福，但它们并不等同于幸福。
幸福会借了它们的衣裙，袅袅婷婷而来，走得近了，揭去帷幔，才发觉它有钢铁般的内核。
幸福有时会很短暂，不像苦难似的笼罩天空。
如果把人生的苦难和幸福分置天平两端，苦难体积庞大，幸福可能只是一块小小的矿石。
但指针一定要向幸福这一侧倾斜，因为它是生命的黄金。
Sometimes happiness may play tricks on us by coming in disguise. Things like opportunity, friendship, success and reunion, though quite similar, can never be the true happiness. They may approach us with elegance and charm like happiness really comes. However, a closer observation will unveil their steely core. Sometimes happiness is rather evanescent, is in no way like its foe distress. Therefore, it is always said when both are put on the ends of a balance respectively, obviously, the size of distress will be much larger than that of happiness which is only the size of loadstone. Nevertheless, its needle will always point to the side of happiness, for it is the gold of life.回信，固然可畏，不回信，也绝非什么乐事。
书架上经常叠着百多封未回之信，“债龄”或长或短，长的甚至一年以上，那样的压力，也绝非一个普通的罪徒所能负担的。
一叠未回的信，就像一群不散的阴魂，在我罪深孽重的心底幢幢作祟。
理论上说来，这些信当然是要回的。
我可以坦然向天发誓，在我清醒的时刻，我绝未存心不回人信。
问题出在技术上。
给我一整个夏夜的空闲，我该先回一年半前的那封信呢，还是七个月前的这封信？隔了这么久，恐怕连谢罪自谴的有效期也早过了吧。
在朋友的心目中，你早已沦为不值得计较的妄人。
“莫名其妙！”是你在江湖上一致的评语。
其实，即使终于鼓起全部的道德勇气，坐在桌前，准备偿付信债于万一，也不是轻易能如愿的。
七零八落的新简旧信，漫无规则地充塞在书架上，抽屉里，有的回过，有的未回，“只在此山中，云深不知处”，要找到你决心要回的那一封，耗费的时间和精力，往往数倍于回信本身。
再想象朋友接信时的表情，不是喜出望外，而是余怒重炽，你那一点决心就整个崩溃了。
你的债，永无清偿之日。
不回信，绝不等于忘了朋友，正如世上绝无忘了债主的负债人。
在你惶恐的深处，恶魇的尽头，隐隐约约，永远潜伏着这位朋友的怒眉和冷眼，不，你永远忘不了他。
你真正忘掉的，而且忘得那么心安理得，是那些已经得到你回信的朋友。
An Excerpt from Limited Words vs. Boundless Friendship By Yu GuangzhongReplying a letter does make me flinch; however, unreplied letters allow me no release at all. Dozens of unreplied letters pile up on my bookshelf, like a sum of debt waiting to be paid. Some have been waiting there for over one year, while some have newly arrived. The pressure from paying off that debt is far beyond what a junior debtor can endure. The stack of unreplied letters are, like a group of haunting ghosts, continually pestering my guilt-loaded soul. Conventionally, the letters will certainlybe replied. I can even swear by heaven that never do I have the intention not to reply when my mind is clear. The problem is how to reply. Even if I spared myself a whole summer night, I would be wavering on which letter to reply first, the 18-month-old one or the 7-month-old? The rep ly has been delayed for so long that I’m afraid even a heartfelt apology has already lost its power. In friends’ heart, I’ve been marginalized as a cocky man unworthy of care. “Unaccountable”! That is their unanimous comment on me.In fact, even though I pull myself together and settle down at the desk, ready to pay off the debt, my determination will easily be split up by doubts. Old and new letters, replied or yet-to-be, cram the shelf and the drawer in disorder, which reminds me of two verses: “He’s simply in the very mountain. In the depths of clouds, his whereabouts are unknown.” (from Calling on a Hermit in Vain by Jia Dao). Picking out the letter I decide to reply from such a mess will cost multiplied time and energy as replying the letter does. Moreover, on visualizing the facial expression of friends when they receive the reply — reburned lingering anger rather than surprised delight —my tiny amount of determination dwindle into naught. Consequently, the date when my debt is paid off extends i nto eternity. Although I haven’t replied the letters, I can never forget my friends, any more than a debtor can forget his creditor. In the depth of my disturbed and apologetic heart looms the indelible angry and icy look of my friends. Never can I forget them. Friends who really fall into oblivion, from which guilt is totally absent, are those who have received my reply.幸福并不在于单纯地占有金钱；幸福在于取得成就后的喜悦，在于拼搏努力后的兴奋。
在疯狂追求那些转瞬即逝的利益时，绝不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和精神激励。
朋友们，如果这些暗淡的日子能使我们认识到不应该听天由命，而应该让命运为我们自己和我们的通报服务，那么，我们付出的代价是完全值得的。
一旦认识到把物质财富动作成功的标准是错误的，我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个人利益为唯一标准来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念；而且，我们必须制止银行界和企业界的一种行为，因为它往往使神圣的委托变质为无情、自私的不法行为。
难怪信心在减弱，因为增强信心只有靠诚实、荣誉感、神圣的责任感，忠实地维护和无私地履行职责。
没有这些，就不可能有信心。
但是，复兴不仅仅要求改变伦理观念。
我们国家要求行动，现在就立刻行动。
Excerpt from FDR Inaugural SpeechTest 3汉译英：Properly handled, parent-child relationship will leave neither of them sense of loss. It is periodical happiness to have interaction with our children when stepping into middle ages. However, we should not attach too serious significance to it, nor shouldwe consider it unimportant at all. God does not allow our children to remember our selfless deep love for their life, for which would hinder their growth, nor does He allow us to remember our sacrifice for them either, for which would entrap us into the miserable situation of expecting rewards. And in fact, what we have given to our children has been all paid back by them in childhood: They gave you a big hug and told you with their baby-talk that “I love you so much, Mummy!”and “Daddy, I gonna marry a good man like you!” All of these are their love in return.英译汉：但是，从日常生活来看，有一件事情我们是很清楚的：我们是为他人而活，尤其是为一些人而活，因为他们的笑容和幸福是我们快乐的源泉。