中学生如何巧记英语单词

浅谈词汇教学前言英语教学的首要任务，如语音教学，语法教学，句型教学，课文教学等，都与词汇教学密切相关，词汇教学贯穿语音语言教学的一切方面和全过程，而无数个具有音，形，义的英语单词构成了词汇，不掌握一定数量的英语单词，也就无法进行词汇教学，同样也会直接影响正常的英语教学顺序。

本套教材就是适应英语教学，教改的需要，从实际出发，以学生课本为主，系统完整地归纳了初学英语者所常见的英语单词，在编写过程中，以英语十大词性为线，结合初学者的特点，采取了分类，联想，归纳等方法，利用学生在音标，字母教学之后能多，快，准，及时地掌握一定数量的单词。

一．名词( n. )1．时间名词（Nouns for time）morning noon afternoon evening （night）day date second minute hour week month season year century------月份January February March April May June July August September October November December------星期Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday------季节Spring Summer Autumn Winter ------表示将来的单词（The n. expresses future）tomorrow one day the day after tomorrow this(next)+ year等时间名词------表示过去的单词（The n. expresses past）yesterday the day before yesterday once ago just now a moment ago at last at first at once before(last)+year等时间名词one morning（afternoon） a year等时间单位n..+ago------实物链线性单词（The n. which can form the line）century—year—term —season month—week—day—night—evening—afternoon—noon—morning—hour—minute—quarter—s econd —moment--while------其他类时间单词（The n. can’t be formed easily）date today ago boyhood holiday harvest-time all day and night2．家庭成员名词（Nouns for family members）father （dad daddy）mother（mom mummy）son daughter brother sister aunt uncle grandparents grandfather（grandpa）grandmother（grandma）grandson granddaughter father-in-law mother-in-law stepmother kid adult cousin nephew man woman boy girl friend people person3．学习用品名词（Nouns for study use）book textbook notebook bookcase pen pencil ball-pen fountain-pen ink ruler chalk eraser blackboard-brush rubber desk （table）backpack school-bag letter word sentence article picture card dictionary paper homework list name address tape tape-recorder lecture-platform number partner soccer（football）conversation dialogue survey documentary speech blank description contest example question answer wish exercise-book newspaper magazine diary chalk recorder TV (television) color TV abacus composition4．生活用品名词（Nouns for life use）desk (table) chair (armchair) watch clock fan bat racket bed case chess computer drawer dresser e-mail (letter) dollar floor furniture movie (thriller film) music dance rock show party phone (telephone call) photo ring sale shower sofa video TV collection room key washing machine refrigerator gas cupboard hobby favorite trip radio light lamp mirror mat balance quilt comb fork chopsticks spoon thermos present umbrella cover stool rope net plough gun goods money treasure5．食品（Nouns for Food）rice noodles bread cake egg dessert chicken hamburger pork mutton fish ice-cream salad hot-dog bun oil salt sweet vinegar-----蔬菜(Vegetable) carrot tomato potato broccoli radish onion pumpkin bean plant-egg pepper lettuce mushroom cucumber cabbage celery leck egg-plant broccoli-----水果（fruit）apple orange pear peach banana watermelon hamimelon strawberry (blueberry) pineapple lemon nut cherry coconut date fig litchi mango grape olive apricot-----饮料（drink）cold-drink wine water tea beer soap cold-drink juice coffee mush6．服装（Nouns for clothes）clothes hat (cap) shirt skirt shorts shoes socks gloves slippers stockings trousers sweater pants jeans T-shirt suit tie vest jacket coat uniform scarf nightdress pocket blouse boot7．颜色(Nouns for colors)black white blue grey green yellow red pink orange brown purple gold silver cream coffee8．职业（Nouns for station）work job teacher actor actress student singer clerk scientist artist musician doctor nurse runner waiter cook farmer soldier policeman reporter buyer manager engineer assistant president worker keyboard operator professor boss workmate dustman peasant barber(hairdresser) fisherman writer artist lawyer king queen chairman premier musician judge merchant spy captain thief bus-driver league-member party-member school-girl waiter milk-man pioneer9．学科（Nouns for subjects）subject Chinese English math (arithmetic geometry) history politics geography science art biology opera comedy tragedy P.E. fine arts chemistry physics music cleaning class-cleaning preparation weekly-meeting10．球类运动（Nouns for ball-sports）ball soccer sport baseball football badminton volleyball ping-pong (table tennis) tennis softball handball11．乐器（Nouns for instruments）trumpet violin piano guitar drum flute pipe horn organ12．工作单位（nouns for units of work）school club city country grade team row class family hotel hospitalpost-office store shop bank company13．节日（Nouns for festivals）Festival birthday The Spring-festival The Earth Day Christmas HalloweenMid-Autumn Teachers’ Day May Day14．身体部位（Nouns for body）hair eye nose mouth teeth ear face head hand toe thumb finger arm leg keen foot tongue lip shoulder back skin stomach heart wing chest15．三餐(Nouns for meals)breakfast lunch supper dinner meal snack16．文体活动（Nouns for the recreational activity）get-together conversation dialogue contest performances folk song pop song disco chorus solo recitation cross-talk short play opera relay high jump discus short-put gymnastics daily broadcast exercises rings swimming diving skating skiing skipping dash 400-meter-race17．教学术语（Nouns for the teaching- technical term）test quiz exam final-term (mid-term) oral-term (written-term) professor word sentence article topic title plural (singular)18交通工具（Nouns for the traffic tools）bus train plane bike（bicycle）motorbike boat ship car truck tractor engine helicopter jet spaceship UFO jeep telegraph19．自然现象（Nouns for the weather））wind (windy) cloud (cloudy) snow (snowy) rain (rainy) sun (sunny) fog (foggy) rainbow fine smoke thunder light moon star sky air earth hill river lake mountain valley fire sea sand desert20．植物（Nouns for the plants）plant flower weed tree forest corn wheat cotton rice sunflower pea lily rose violet grass crop leaf wood grain castor21．动物（Nouns for the animals）snake spider butterfly mosquito dinosaur crocodile bear dolphin whale parrot peacock owl tortoise (turtle) pigeon swallow pig dog horse cow (ox) sheep (goat) hen (rooster chick chicken cock) duck goose swan cat tiger frog hare rabbit (hare) donkey monkey deer panda fox mouse (rat) elephant lion camel cattle giraffe puma wolf koala seagull ant bat locust crocodile hawk22．.国家名称(Names for the country)China America Canada Japan Korea India Singapore France Germany Italy Britain (England) Brazil Russia23．语言（Nouns for language）Chinese English Russian French Japanese German Indian Spain Arab24．容器（Nouns for container）bag box pocket cup mug glasses bowl plate bottle basin pot basket jar dustbin memory pocket cup mug glasses bowl plate bottle basin pot basket jar dustbin memory25.声音（nouns for voice）voice noise call laugh cry26.表示玩具的名词（The n. expresses toy）kite gun ball ship train toy mini-bus27.表示长度，尺寸，时间，货币等“单位”名词（数量单位）meter kilometer kilogram size time second minute hour year century ton rank block o’clock pile piece pair half few lit tle plenty lot many any some kind team group pound penny part28.表示方位的名词（The nouns for position）front back left top bottom middle east south west north north-east29.抽象名词—属于不可数名词（The n. expresses abstract）homework politics work laugh apology job way science rest regret repeat rise news rule breath defence pardon pay care fun problem attention hope interest joy promise mistake safety spirit route pronunciation chance war question noise thing business death condition visit30.表示“人”的名词（The n. expresses person）(1)家庭成员（family member）father mother Mum Papa grandfather grandmother grandma grandpa granny baby brother sister cousin son daughter husband uncle nephew aunt niece(2)职业或职务类（nouns for professions）具体见8（3）性别（The n. expresses sex）man woman boy girl people friend enemy female male(4)外国人的名字（The n. expresses the name of foreigners）Jack Joan John Kate Mike Betty Alice Green Tom Rose Marry Peter Lenin Black Bob Hill Howe Carl Washington(5)其他comrade owner learner monitor classmate desk-mate part example scientist fool winner31.事物链线性单词（The n, which can form the line）(1) telephone—call—message—Mrs. Black—nobody(2) table-tennis—bat—match—ticket—team—between(3) library—assistant—lend—bring32.其他类单词（The n. which can’t be formed easily）nothing birthday NO.=number wish talk need fight reply class repair33．类属于某一范围或公共场所的名词（The n. expresses pubic places）family home dump house room society school grade class group classroom building lab prison play-ground sport country factory work-room(work-shop) hospital shop(store) cinema library restaurant bar hotel dinning-room park garden stop station street way road zoo railway track palace stadium museum capital meeting-room rum floor office world space heaven bridge pyramid works temple tomb monument二．冠词( art. )a an the三．代词( pron. )A 人称代词（Personal pronoun ）case 格the nominative case 主格the objective case 宾格number 数singular number 单数plural number 复数person 人称the first person 第一人称the second person 第二人称the third person 第三人称a 第一人称主格I（单数）we（复数）宾格me (单数) us（复数）定格my（单数）our(复数) 主宾格mine（单数）ours（复数）b第二人称主格you（单数）you（复数）宾格you（单数）you（复数）定格your（单数）your（复数）主宾格yours（单数）yours（复数）c第三人称主格he she it(单数) they（复数）宾格him her it（单数）them（复数）定格his her its（单数）their（复数）主宾格his hers its（单数）theirs（复数）B 指示代词（demonstration pronoun ）this that these thoseC 反身代词（reflexive pronoun）myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselvesD 相互代词（mutual pronoun ）each other one…another one…the otherE 疑问代词(interrogative pronoun )what who whom whose whichF 不定代词（infinitive pronoun ）a只可修饰不可数名词的不定代词（only modify uncountable noun）much more most little less least a littleb只可修饰可数名词单数的不定代词（only modify the single countable noun）one each every otherc修饰可数名词复数的不定代词（modify the plural countable n.）both many few a fewd修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词（modify the plural countable n. or uncountable n. ）all some anye可作主语，宾语的复合代词（compound pronoun ）everything everybody everyone something somebody someone anything anybody anyone nothing nobody none四．形容词( adj. )A表示颜色的形容词（The adj. expresses color ）black white black and white red yellow blue green grey brown purple orange pinkB表示心理状态的单词（The adj. expresses the state of mind ）S sorry afraid worried angry glad pleased good bad ill hungry thirsty excited exciting surprised joy disappointedC表示天气状况的形容词（The adj. expresses the state of weather ）windy cloudy sunny rainy snowy cool fine warm hot coldD表示方位的形容词（The adj. expresses position ）front back right left east west north south middleE表示某一个国家的形容词( The adj. expresses country )Chinese English French American JapaneseF表示时间的形容词( t he adj. expresses time )last late firstG表示年龄新旧的形容词(The adj. expresses age, new and old )old new youngH表示量度（大，矮，长，短，胖瘦等）的形容词（the adj. expresses tolerance）big large small little short long tallI一般描绘性的形容词( The adj. expresses commonly description )handsome pretty beautiful great interestingJ表示物质性质的形容词（The adj. expresses the nature of matter ）a同义词（the adj. expresses the same meaning ）all—whole some—any many—much each—everyb反义词（antonym ）big—little large—small new—old young—old bad—good (nice fine ) long—short tall—short right—wrong right—left thin—thick thin—fat slow—fast light—heavy bright—dark bright—fool clever—fool late—early difficult—easy hard—easy hard—soft cheap—expensive free—busy living—dead near—far different—same beautiful—ugly careful—careless last—firstK表示级别的形容词（The adj. expresses degree ）good—better—best many—more—mostL其他类形容词（The other adj. ）other what which strict dear next no ready sure注：多个adj.同时修饰同一个名词时，其位置按下列顺序：冠词或物主代词或指示代词——一般描绘性的adj——度量性adj.——形状adj.——年龄新旧adj.——颜色adj.——国籍地区adj.——物质材料adj.——用途类别adj.——n.但若属同一类别则多音节的adj.一般在后eg. There was a great French Scientist.五．数词( num. )A 基数词（The num. expresses cardinal number ）one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty (twenty+数词“一,二…………九”即二十一，二十二………….二十九)以下几十几的表达法同“二十一…………….二十九”一样thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred thousand million billion zeroeg. 2,222,222,222 two billion, two hundred and twenty-two million, two hundred and twenty-two thousand, two hundred and twenty-twoB序数词first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth “thirteen—nineteen+th”“第十三…………第十九““twenty—ninety”“几十”中均把”ty”变成”tieth”即“第二十，第三十……第九十”Twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third…………….twenty-nineth “第二十一…..九”以下“第几十几”均类似hundredth 第一百（个），一百分之一（的）另（1）分数表达法（fraction）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子是2或大于2亦用复数。