with_的复合结构
9. with的复合结构:with+n.+非谓语

9. with的复合结构:with+n.+非谓语
With 的复合结构是英语中的一种常见用法,用来连接一个名词和一个非谓语动词,中文意思通常是“用……方式”、“伴随……”、“有……特征”。
在这种结构中,名词和非谓语动词之间可以有一个或多个介词短语,用来进一步描述或修饰动作或状态。
1. With + n. + 不定式
例句:With a smile on his face, he greeted us warmly.
翻译:他脸上带着微笑,热情地向我们打招呼。
这个句子中,“with a smile on his face”是一个介词短语,用来描述他打招呼时脸上的表情,后面的不定式“greeted us warmly”则是动作的形式。
这种结构通常表示动作的方式或者状态。
翻译:她的头发在风中飞扬,她跑着赶上了公交车。
翻译:最终完成项目后,他可以放松身心,享受自由时间。
翻译:怀着沉重的心情,她向家人告别,离开了机场。
总之,with 的复合结构是英语中一种常见的用法,表示伴随某些状态或特征的行为或动作。
在实际运用中,我们需要灵活运用,注意结构的搭配和语法的正确性,以便更好地表达自己的意思。
With的复合结构

She lives in the room with
她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。
the light
burning.
一、With复合结构的构成
2.with + 名词(n.)/ 代词(pron.) + 不ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ式(to do),动词不定式表示目的,
或将发生而未发生的事。(动作尚未发生)
eg: The Human Genome Project, launched in 1990 with a mission to decode the
我没有事可做,只好睡觉。
一、With复合结构的构成
3.with + 名词(n.)/ 代词(pron.) + 形容词(adj.)
eg:
She lay in bed with her face pale.
她躺在床上,脸色苍白。
He used to sleep with all the windows open.
With的复合结构
5.表示结果
eg:
The battle ended with the enemy defeated. 战斗结束了,敌人被打败了。 They have finished the peace talks with the agreements reached. 他们结束了和谈,达成了协议。
With的复合结构
With的复合结构
With的复合结构有以下5种表现形式,即: 1.with + 名词(n.)/ 代词(pron.) + 分词 (过去分词(done)/现在分词 (doing)); 2.with + 名词(n.)/ 代词(pron.) + 不定式(to do); 3.with + 名词(n.)/ 代词(pron.) + 形容词(adj.); 4.with + 名词(n.)/ 代词(pron.) + 副词(adv.); 5.with + 名词(n.)/ 代词(pron.) + 介词短语(prep. phrase)。 With的复合结构在句子中可作定语或状语。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同

with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构,它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是,它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导,并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语,后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如:- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系,即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如:- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词,它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如:- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系,但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下,独立主格放在句子的开头,用逗号与主句分开。
例如:- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词,后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系,但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
with的复合结构

With的复合结构1. 简介with语句是Python语言中的一个特殊语法,用于管理资源的使用,并在使用完毕后确保资源的正确关闭。
with语句的一般形式如下:with expression [as target]:with-block其中,expression是一个可返回上下文管理器对象的表达式,target是可选的,用于将上下文管理器返回的对象赋值给一个变量。
with-block是要在上下文管理器的环境中执行的代码块。
在使用with语句时,上下文管理器对象会在进入with-block之前被创建,并在with-block执行完毕后被正确关闭。
这样可以确保资源在不再需要时被及时释放,避免资源泄露的问题。
2. 基本用法对于基本的with语句,通常使用open()函数打开一个文件作为例子。
with open('example.txt', 'r') as f:# 在这里对文件进行各种操作pass在这个例子中,open()函数返回一个上下文管理器对象,它负责打开文件,并在不再需要时关闭文件。
with语句会自动创建这个上下文管理器对象,并将其赋值给f变量。
然后,在with-block中可以执行对文件的操作。
在with-block中,可以通过f变量访问文件的内容或执行操作,而不需要显式地调用f.close()来关闭文件。
一旦with-block执行完毕,无论是正常退出还是发生异常,都会自动调用f.close()来关闭文件。
3. 复合结构使用with语句时,还可以嵌套多个with语句来构建复合的上下文管理结构。
这样可以更好地管理多个资源的使用和关闭。
with resource1 as var1:with resource2 as var2:# 在这里对 resource1 和 resource2 进行操作pass在这个例子中,resource1和resource2分别表示两个不同的资源。
With的复合结构超全

anyone helping them. = They finished the work with no
one helping them.
1)With nothing _______ to burn,the fire became weak and finally died
With so much work to do, we can’t go out to play.
7. 由那个老人带路,我们终于找到了那个 地方。
With the old man leading the way, we found the place at last.
3.with + 宾语 + 介词短语
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着书走进来。
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes.
那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。
4.with + 宾语 + 名词
They set up a football team, with Tom their head.
out.
A. leaving
B. left
C. leave
D. to leave
2)The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _______ on the
wall.
A. fixing
B. fixed
C. to be fixing
With的复合结构

with-名词/代词 +过去分词。
With her supper finished 她晚饭结束), _____________________( she went to the cinema house. With his homework done (他作业做完), ____________________ he went and watched the game. With his leg badly hurt 他的腿受伤), ____________________( he had to be sent to hospital. with his head covered He lay in bed, _________________ (头被蒙着)。
原因状语
The storm drawing near, the worker decided to stop working. =Since the storm was drawing near, the worker decided to stop working.
With复合结构作定语 =定语从句
那个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。 The naughty boy stood before the teacher_________________ with his head down. 所有的灯开着,广场看起来很漂亮。 The square looks more beautiful with all the light on. _______________________ 皇帝在街上走,一件衣服都没穿。 The king was waking in the street, with nothing on. ________________
With的复合结构

4 with + 名词/代词 +不定式 Eg: With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领 路) With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday. 因为有很多工作要做,我没时 间度假。 With many new words to remember, she will stay up tonight. 由于要记很多生词,她今 晚打算熬夜。 注:用不定式这一结构时,表示得是将要发生的事情。 5 with + 名词/代词 +V-ing Eg: With the little boy leading the way, we found the house easily. 因为有小男孩带路, 我们很容易就找到了那个房子。 With nobody watching TV, I switched off it. 由于没人看电视,我就把电视关了。 I’d like to see the new film with time permitting.如果时间许可,我想看那部新电影。 With the machine helping us, we could finish the work on time. 由于有机器的帮助,我们能按时完成任务。 She lives in the room with the light burning.她住在亮着灯的那个房间里。
9.________two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. (2004年北京卷) A. B. Besides √ With C. As for D. Because of 10. It was a pity that the great writer died________ his work unfinished. (2004年福建卷) A. for B. C. from D. of √ with
with复合结构

with复合结构1.with复合结构的构成with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。
且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With+宾语+介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He lay in bed with his head covered.3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)With winter coming on,it's time to buy warm clothes.4)with+宾语+to do (不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.5)with+宾语+形容词/副词With John away,we've got more room.Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.2.with复合结构的作用with复合结构在句子中作状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
请阅读下面的句子。
1)We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.(作伴随状语)2)She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.(作原因状语)3)He lay in bed with his head covered.(作方式状语)4)Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.(作伴随状语)5)I won't be able to go on holiday with mymother being ill.(作原因状语)6)He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.(作方式状语)注:with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语,阅读下面的句子。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
with without 引导的独立主格结构介词with without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A.with+名词代词+形容词He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中,衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意:在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing 形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书。
B.with+名词代词+副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前,小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C.with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔。
= Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play.作业做好了,彼得出去玩了。
= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.With the signal given, the train started.信号发出了,火车开始起动了。
= After the signal was given, the train started.I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.工作还没完成,我不敢回家。
= I wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.E.with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很高兴。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里。
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁没人注意的时候,从窗口溜走了。
= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.F.with+名词代词+动词不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.有这么多的家庭作业要做,小男孩看上去很不开心。
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动。
The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.提示:在with without 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。
(without不能省略)with+宾语+宾补有这些词和短语可以做宾补:1、形容词2、副词3、介词短语4、现在分词5过去分词6、不定式with the window closed(closed为形容词)with the light onwith a book in her handwith a cat lying in her armswith the problem solvedwith the new term to begin英语中“介词with + 复合宾语” 结构也叫介词with的复合结构, 即“with+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”, 这种结构在中学英语课本中频频出现,用法十分灵活而且复杂。
近年来,高考命题者常常通过一定的语境来考查with这一复合结构的用法,下面让我们先看看两道与介词with复合结构相关的高考试题:1.(NMET.2000) _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Through[解析] 答案C。
本题考查介词with的复合结构“with + n / pron + prep. phrase(介词短语)”的用法。
“as”作为连词,意为“因为、由于”,其后必须跟从句;作为介词,意为“作为”,从语法和句意方面都不能用。
而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。
在这里应用with,意思是“因为、由于”。
句意是:由于生产(产品)上升了60% ,这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。
2.(Beijing. 2004) ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.A. BesidesB. WithC. As forD. Because of[解析] 答案B。
这道题也是考查介词with复合结构用法的。
从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词,而不能填连词,“as for” 意思是“至于、关于”;because of意思是“由于、因为”,其后不能跟复合结构,所以不能选择C和D。
在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“ with + n / pron + to do ”结构。
句意是:由于担心这两门考试,本周末我得真的用功了。
以上两道试题从不同的角度对介词with复合结构的用法进行了考查。
一般来说,with的复合结构在句子中主要用作状语,表示谓语动词的动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等等。
为了帮助同学们更好地理解和掌握介词with的复合结构用法,笔者通过多年对介词的分析研究,依托高考经典试题,对介词with的用法作如下分析和归纳,供同学们参考:1>“with + n / pron + v-ing”这一结构在句子中作伴随状语,说明情况,其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。
例如:①________our food ________, we had to walk to a village for help.(成都毕业班第一次诊断试题)A. Since; runs outB. Because; run outC. With; running outD. For; running out[解析] 答案C。
“since、because、for”作“由于、因为”讲,是连词,其后只能跟从句,不能跟复合结构,所以不能选A、B、D。
由于run out是不及物动词短语且与our food之间存在主谓关系所以只能用running out 结构,with在这里表示原因,故答案是C。
句意是:在我们的食物快要用完的情况下,我们不得不向附近的村子求援。
②.When mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, ________ his lips moving.A. asB. withC. forD. through[解析] 答案B。
该题是考查介词短语用作状语用法的。
“as”作为连词,意为“因为、由于”,其后必须跟从句;作为介词,意为“作为”,从语法和句意方面都不符合;而for和through 在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。
在所给的选项当中,只有with才可以构成这一复合结构,用作表示伴随情况的状语,故选B。
句意是:当妈妈走进房子的时候,她发现自己的孩子正睡在床上,嘴唇一直在动。
2>.“with + n / pron +v-ed. ”这一结构在句子中作原因状语,其中过去分词表示被动或完成了的动作。
例如:①---You should have prepared your speech for the meeting , Mrs Smith .---Yes, I know .But how could I ______the meeting date fixed so soon .(2005东北三校联考)A. whileB. asC. afterD. with[解析] 答案:D。