英语期末考试复习

1.听力A:3篇7分B:2篇8分C:3篇10分2.阅读理解（2分一空，共15题三个阅读）Engineering Design in EarthquakeEngineering design aims to link economic, social, environmental and of course safety factors to produce the best solution. This is especially true in earthquake engineering where it is possible to design a building that is “safe” for all types of earthquakes but does not fit the design brief. For example it is not economically feasible to design buildings in Bristol to withstand a large earthquake as the chances are very small. Similarly a square concrete structure that has small windows and thick walls may be the ideal design for a particular area however it wouldn't fit a design brief asking for a modern high-tech design. This balance of factors can only be achieved by engineers combining experience and knowledge of the area where the structure is to be located.Design practice has been changing over the last few years. The older design requirements used to insist that in an earthquake the building should maintain enough structural integrity to remain standing. This meant that if the serviceability limit state was passed the structure would have to be demolished, as it would be no longer safe to use. Although this concept saves lives as people can escape from buildings it does nothing to prevent the huge financial cost of a large earthquake as a large proportion of buildings have to be demolished and rebuilt. Thus the new design requirements demand that the structure should remain standing in an earthquake and additionally not have to be demolished.The other factor often left unconsidered is the effect of aftershocks. These shocks generally have little effect on undamaged buildings. However, on damaged ones they can have a destructive effect and stop rescue operations. In the assessment of buildings the energy from an aftershock should be considered.Apparently the damage caused by earthquakes is almost entirely associated with manmade structures. Earthquakes only cause death by the damage they induce in structures such as buildings, dams, bridges and other works of man. And this is one of the reasons why earthquake engineering is so important1.What is the main topic of the passageA.Earthquake engineers with experience and knowledge.B.Buildings to withstand all possible earthquakes.C.Some factors for building design in earthquake engineering.D.Equal considerations in earthquake engineering正确答案:C解析:问题问的是：本文的主题是什么？第一段第二句话提到文章的主题，即工程设计要把经济.社会.环境和安全因素都考虑在内，这在地震工程中尤其重要2.The word "demolished" (underlined in Paragraph 2) meansA.pulled apart.B.pulled up.C.pulled away.D.pulled down正确答案:D解析:问题问的是：第二段划线单词"demolished"是什么意思？划线单词所在句子的意思是如果建筑的设计超出了地震的耐用限度，这个建筑就必须被拆毁，因为这样的建筑使用起来非常不安全。

pulled down的意思是毁坏，拆毁3.With regard to the new design requirements, which of the following is NOT trueA.Buildings should remain integrated in an earthquake.B.Buildings should be made to avoid rebuilding after an earthquake.C.Buildings should be made to allow people to escape in an earthquake.D.Buildings should be reconstructed after an earthquake正确答案:D解析:问题问的是：有关建筑设计要求下面选项哪个不正确？选项D的意思是地震之后建筑应该重新建。

第二段最后一句话说依据新的建筑设计要求，建筑应该能够抗震，除此以外，地震之后建筑不必拆毁4.When assessing buildings, we should consider theA.potential threats to the undamaged buildings.B.structural integrity of the man-made structures.C.effect of aftershocks.D.rescue operations正确答案:C解析:问题问的是：当对建筑进行评估时，我们应该考虑什么？第三段第一句话可以找到答案，即余震的后果5.Mostly, which of the following damages cannot cause deathsA.Dams and bridges.B.Buildings and dams.C.Bridges and buildings.D.Rivers and forests正确答案:D解析:问题问的是：大多数情况下，下面四个选项哪个选项其危害不会造成死亡？最后一段第二句话中，只有选项D没有提到。

3. Cloze（共10题，每空1.5分）Banked Cloze1The Internet has made English learning much easier. English learners used to be (1) (obliged)to spend their time in libraries looking for the books that would help them in their language studies. It was very inconvenient because a lot of materials could only be found in (2) (tedious)and uninteresting textbooks and readers. But today authentic content on a variety of subjects is only a click away. This is especially (3) (beneficial) for those who wants to learn English earnestly.In order to achieve fluency in English, you need to be comfortable using at least 10,000 words. The (4) (abundant) materials on the Internet make it possible for you to choose appropriate content to read and listen to. These materials can be (5) (adjusted) to your level if you input some key words in the search engine. But how can you remember the (6) (bulk) of unfamiliar words?In this case, the Internet (7) (evidently)makes it easier to learn vocabulary. You can use online dictionaries to instantly find out their grammatical (8) (functions) and the specific meaning of these words. The Internet helps you to (9) (efficiently) accumulate vocabulary based on lively and interesting language content, which greatly reduces your (10) (distress) caused by inability to remember the new words. The efficiency of this vocabulary learning is one of the reasons why the Internet has become an ideal place to learn English.Banked Cloze2It's obvious that women have come a long way as successful professionals. Wom en in the workplace are (1) (flourishing) as an increased number of women have made their presence felt in many industries and professions. The sector of the female workf orce has (2) (expanded) with more and more strength and thus has its (3) (genuine) im portance in the professional world.Whether they like it or not, men have to accept that women are marching up the management ladder confidently and (4) (diplomatically). Women used to be much mo re "quiet and passive" due to the relatively small number of female employees in (5) ( comparison) to males. Women today, on the other hand, have begun seeking their (6) ( administrative) positions by using all their powers of intelligence.Men are hierarchical and (7) (jealous) of the "beauty power" that allows women t o get certain things based on their physical assets. Even though there is a(n) (8) (dispu te) whether many professional females got into positions of power by using their appe arance to their advantage, the (9) (valid) fact is the majority of women have worked h ard to achieve their desired success.Women were considered as (10) (bystanders) in the workplace for many years an d it was believed that the only jobs that they could handle were those of teachers or se cretaries, but today's women can not only hold their own positions in the workplace, but they also have the dual task of raising their families.4.翻译（15分，共一题）eg1:云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。