2007管理类试题参考答案
2007年管理学真题+答案解析

2007年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试《管理学》试卷一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共40分。
在每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,并将其代码写在题干后面的括号内。
不选、错选或多选者,该题无分)1,管理人员一般需要具备多种技能、关于高层管理人员的技能,按其重要性程度从低到高排序,正确的是()A.人际技能、概念技能、技术技能B.技术技能、人际技能、概念技能C.概念技能、人际技能、技术技能D.概念技能、技术技能、人际技能2,保证在组织中“事事有人做"属于管理的()A.计划职能B.组织职能C.领导职能D.控制职能3. 1990年,彼得·圣吉教授出版了一本享誉世界之作,这就是()A.《企业再造工程》B.《管理的革命》C.《第五项修炼》D.《管理的实践》4.梅奥在西方电气公司进行的霍桑试验,在哪个阶段试验得出了企业中存在非正式组织的结论()A.工场照明试验B.继电器装配室试验C.大规模访谈D.接线板接线工作室试验5.激励理论中的双因素理论,关于保健因素说法正确的是()A.保健因素能预防和减少员工的不满,但不能使其对工作非常满意B.保健因素最大的作用是确保员工的生理与心理健康站员外两C.保健因素的满足,能使员工对工作非常满意D.保健因素的满足,有助于员工潜力的发挥6."土为知己者死”这一古训反映了有效的领导始于()A.上下级之间的友情B.为下属设定崇高的目标C.为了下属的利益不惜牺牲自己D.了解下属的欲望和需要7.某企业生产某种产品,固定成本为16万元,单位变动成本为1万元,每台售价120元,该产品的盈亏平衡点是()A.60台B.70台C.80台D.90台8.根据领导生命周期理论,推销型领导方式适用于()A.高任务、高关系無五B.高任务、低关系C.低任务、高关系,友D.低任务、低关系9.美国管理学家孔茨认为,管理的职能包括()A.计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制B.计划、决策、组织、领导、控制C.计划、组织、人员配备、指导、控制D.计划、组织、人事、指挥、协调10.为了提高劳动生产率,必须为工作挑选第一流的工人,依据的是泰罗科学管理的什么原理()A.差别计件工资制B.标准化C.能力与工作相造应D.工作定额11.企业获得分销商或零售商的所有权或加强对他们的控制,这种战略类型属于()A.前向一体化B.后向一体化C.混合一体化D.横向一体化12.管理学中有一原则叫“跳起来,摘桃子",这一原则可用来描述目标的()A.可接受性B.挑战性C.可实现性D.可考核性13.市场占有率低、业务增长率高的经营单位是()A.金牛B.瘦狗C.明星D.幼童14.下列哪种正强化方式更有利于组织目标的实现()A.连续的、固定的正强化B.连续的、不固定的正强化C.间断的、不固定的正强化D.问断的、固定的正强化15.某企业到了2月底,发现甲产品一季度计划才完成50%,便采取日夜轮班生产来平衡实际与计划之间的偏差;发现乙新产品供大于求,价格下降,这时决定立即减少或停止这种新产品的生产,这些措施()A.均属于前馈控制B.均属于反馈控制C.前者属前馈控制,后者属反馈控D.前者属反馈控制,后者属前馈控制16.美国心理学家马斯洛认为人类的需要可分为五个层次,其由低到高的顺序为()A.生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要B.安全需要、生理需要、社交需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要C.尊重需要、生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、自我实现需要D.生理需要、安全需要、尊重需要、社交需要、自我实现需要17.从期望理论中,我们得到的最重要的启示是()A.效价高低是激励是否有效的关键B.期望值高低是激励是否有效的关键C.由于存在着负效价,应引起领导者注意D.应把效价和期望值进行优化组合18.组织成员士气高昂,具有比较一致的满意度,沟通渠道不多。
07管理综合答案

2007年中国人民大学管理学综合参考答案一、名词解释:1、市场渗透:企业通过改进广告、宣传和推销工作,在某些地区增设商业网点,借助多渠道将同一产品送达同一市场,短期削价等措施,在现有市场上扩大现有产品的销售。
包括:千方百计使现有顾客多购买本企业的现有产品;把竞争者的顾客吸引过来,使之购买本企业的现有产品;想办法在现有市场上把产品卖给从未买过本企业产品的顾客。
2、广告:由明确的发起者以公开支付费用的做法,以非人员的任何形式,对产品、服务或某项行动的意见和想法等的介绍。
3、需求价格弹性:指随着产品价格的上下调整,所引起需求量的变动比率。
通俗地说,需求价格弹性就是需求量在价格变动前后的敏感度。
4、核心价值观:企业价值观是指由企业内部的大多数人共同认可的价值观念,是企业在发展中形成的体现企业的基本哲学、精神的理念。
企业的价值观为企业的员工提供了共同意识的方向和日常行为的准则。
企业中有价值的对象,可能会不只一个,如质量观念,创新,顾客、环保等都有重大的价值。
这些集合起来就构成一个企业的价值观,但是总有一些是企业认为最重要的,这就是企业的核心价值观。
5.营运资金:企业生产经营活动中占用在流动资产上的资金,广义的营动资金又称毛营运资金,指一个企业流动资产的总额,狭义的营动资金又称净营运资金,指流动资产减流动负债后的余额。
二、二、简答题1、简述产品生命周期衰退期特点及营销对策【参考答案】产品生命周期就是指产品从进入市场开始到被市场淘汰为止的全过程。
衰退期的特点与营销对策主要特点:(1)是产品老化,处于被市场淘汰的境地;(2)产品销售量和利润急剧下降;企业生产能力过剩日益突出;(3)市场上以价格竞争作为主要手段,努力降低售价,回收资金;(4)一些企业纷纷退出市场,转入研制开发新产品,一些企业的新产品已上市。
企业的策略重点应抓好一个“转”字,此时的营销策略组合包括:(1)产品策略。
缩减产品生产量,逐步有计划地撤出市场,淘汰老产品;组织新产品开发和生产。
2007年管理类联考英语真题及答案

绝密★启用前2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上,其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。
2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答,凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。
3.交卷时,请配合监考人员验收,并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字(作为考生交卷的凭据)。
否则,所产生的一切后果由考生自负。
Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1. His wife has been __ a lot of pressure on him to change his jobgiving D.exerting C.pushingA.taking B.2. It is estimated that, currently, about 50,000 species become __ every yeardistinct D.intense.instinct C.A.extinct B3. John says that his present job does hot provide him with enough ___ for his organizing ability.rangecapacity D.space C.scope B.A.4. Many___ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.necessities D.opportunities probabilities B.realities C.A.5. After his uncle died, the young man __ the beautiful estate with which he changed from a poor man to a wealthy noble.A.InhaledInhibitedD.Inhabited B.inherited C.6. The manager is calling on a ____customer trying to talk him in to saying the contract.prospectivepessimistic D.A.prosperous B.preliminary C.7. In 1991, while the economies of industrialized countries met an economic ___, the economies of developing countries were growing very fast.recession D.repression C.recoveryA.revival B.8. The destruction of the twin towers ___shock and anger throughout the world.provoked D.stumbledtempted C.A.summoned B.9. About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in ___ condition.vital D.critical decisive B.A.urgent C.10. The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _____ on peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the world as a whole.impact D.impression C.implicationA.importance B.11. The poor countries are extremely _____ to international economic fluctuations.D.attractedreduced inclined B.vulnerable C.A.12. Applicants should note that all positions are _____ to Australian citizenship requirements.A.objected D.objective subject B.subjective C.13. We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal _____ to employment opportunities.access D.entry C.admissionA.entranceB.14. Successful learning is not a(n) _____ activity but consists of four distinct stages in a specific order.sole C.singlemore D.B.A.only15. The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so can _____ the performance of many children.enhance D.prevent C.justifyB.A.withhold16. All her hard work ____ in the end, and she finally passed the exam.A. showed offB. paid offC. left offD. kept off17. In order to live the kind of life we want and to be person we want to be , we have to do more than just____ with events.turnup D.makeup C.upA.putup B.set18. The team played hard because the championship of the state was ___.A. at handB. at stakeC. at largeD. at best19. I don’t think you’ll charge his mind, once he’s decided on something he tends to __itA. stick toB. abide byC. comply withD. keep on20. Tom placed the bank notes, ____ the change and receipts, back in the drawer.A. more thanB. but forC. thanks toD. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)D irections: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory, right? Dana Dentist is just 40 years old, but __21__she’s worried about what she calls “my rolling mental blackouts.” “I try to remember something and just blank out,” she says.You may __22__about these lapses, calling them “senior moments” or blaming “early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症).”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get, the __23__you remember? Well, sort of. But as time goes by, we tend to blame age__24__problems that are not necessarilyage-related.“When a teenage can’t find her keys, she thinks it’s because she’s distracted or disorganized,” say Paul gold. “A 70-year-old blames her __25__.”In fact, the 70-year-old may have been__26__things for decades.In healthy people, memory doesn’t worsen as __27__as many of us think.” “As we __28__,the memory mechanism isn’t __29__” says psychologist Fergus Crack. “It’s just inefficient.”The brain’s processing__30__slows down over the years though no one knows exactly __31__. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and__32__there’s less activity in the brain. But, cautions Barry Gordon, “It’s not clear that less activity is __33__. A beginning athlete is winded (气喘吁吁) more easily than a __34__athlete. In the same way __35__brain gets more skilled at a task, it expends less energy on it.There are_36_ you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears, though it _37__effort. Margaret Sewell says: "We're a quick-fix culture, but you have to _38_ to keep your brain _39_ shape. It's like having a good body. You can't go to the gym once a year _40_ expect to stay in top form."never21.seldom C.already D.A.almost B.blame D.criticizelaugh C.A.joke B.22.more D.C.less23.littleA.much B.by D.becausefor C.B.24.A.sincetrouble D.healthmind C.memory B.A.25.putting D.findingmisplacing C.disorganizing B.26.A.timely D.quicklyfrequently C.A.swiftly B.27.growage D.advance C.28.A.nature B.perfect D.workingC.poor29.A.broken B.space D.informationtime C.pattern B.30.A.D.whenC.whathowA.31.why B.that D.althoughhence C.A.since B.32.normal D.worse.better C.irregular B33.A.trainedsenior C.popular D.famous B.34.A.though D.yettill C.A.35.as B.purposes36.steps C.advantages D.stages B.A.D.spendsdoesA.37.takes C.makes B.work D.come C.study38.rest B.A.on D.infor C.to B.39.A.or C.ifand D.so B.40.A.Section III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived forcenturies. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it: population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world's last isolated, locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world's peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life. Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly culture groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism (mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres -at home, among friends, in community settings- and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain theircultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages,rather than yield to the homogenizing(同化的) forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages. The line between revival and death is extremely nguage is remarkably resilient(有活力的),however ,it’s not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity ,Manyindigenous(原生的,土著的) communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41. Minority languages can be best preserved in _______A. an increasingly interconnected worldB. maintaining small numbers of speakersC. relatively isolated language communitiesD. following the tradition of the 20th century42. According the paragraph2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is______foreseeable D.definite uncertain B.unrealistic C.A.43. According to the author, bilingualism can help________.A. small languages become acceptable in word placesB. homogenize the world's languages and culturesC. global languages reach home and community settingsD. speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity44. Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it ______.A. makes learning a global language unnecessaryB. facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC. raises public awareness of saving those languagesD. makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45. In the author's view, many endangered languages are___________.A. remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB. exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC. quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD. a unique way of bringing different groups togetherQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Everyone, it seems, has a health problem. After pouring billions into the National Health Service, British people moan about dirty hospitals, long waits and wasted money. In Germany the new chancellor, Angela Merkel, is under fire for suggesting changing the financing of its health system. Canada’s new Conservative prime Minister, Stephen Harper, made a big fuss during the election about reducing the country’s lengthy medical queues. Across the rich world, affluence, ageing and advancing technology are driving up health spending faster than income.But nowhere has a bigger health problem than America. Soaring medical bills are squeezing wages, swelling the ranks of the uninsured and pushing huge firms and perhaps even the government towards bankruptcy. Ford’s announcement this week that it would cut up to 30.000jobs by 2012 was as much a sign of its “legacy” health-care costs as of the ills of the carindustry. Pushed by polls that show health care is one of his main domestic problems and by forecasts showing that the retiring baby-boomers will crush the government’s finances, George Bush is to unveil a reform, plan in next week’s state-of-the-union address.America’s health system is unlike any other .The Unite States spends 16%of its GDP on health, around twice the rich-country average, equivalent to $6280 for every American each year, Yet it is the only rich country that does not guarantee universal health coverage. Thanks to anaccident of history, most Americans receive health insurance through their employer, with the government picking up the boll for the poor and the elderly.This curious hybrid(混合物) certainly has is strengths. Americans have more choice than anybody else, and their health-care system is much more innovative. Europeans’ bills could be much higher if America medicine were not doing much of their Research and Development (R&D) for them. But there are also huge weaknesses. The one most often cited-especially by foreigners-is the army of uninsured .Some 46 million Americans do not have cover. In many cases that is out of choice and, if they fall seriously ill, hospitals have to treat them. But it is still deeply unequal. Andthere are also shocking inefficiencies: by some measures, 30% of American health spending is wasted.Then there is the question of state support. Many Americans disapprove of the“socialized medicine” of Canada and Europe. In fact, even if much of the administration is cone privately, around60% of America's heath-care bill ends up being met by the government. Proportionately, the American state already spends as much on health as the OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) average, and that share is set to grow as the body-boomers run up their Medicare bills and ever more employers avoid providing health-care coverage America is, in effect, heading towards a version of socialized medicine by default.46. Health problems mentioned in the passage include all the following EXCEPT _______.A. poor hospital conditions in U.K.B. Angela Merkel under attackC. health financing in GermanyD. long waiting lines in Canada47. Ford's announcement of cutting up to 30,000 jobs by 2012 indicates that Ford ______.A. has the biggest health problem of the car industryB. has made profits from its health-care legacyC. has accumulated too heavy a health-care burdenD. owes a great deal of debt to its employees48. In the author’s opinion, America's health system is ______ .feasibleA.inefficient B.unpopular D.successfulC.49. It is implied in the passage that ______.A. America's health system has its strengths and weaknessesB. the US government pays medical bills for the poor and the elderlyC. some 46 million Americans do not have medical insuranceD. Europeans benefit a lot from America's medical research50. From the last paragraph we may learn that the "socialized medicine" is ______ .A. a practice of Canada and EuropeB. a policy adopted by the US governmentC. intended for the retiring baby-boomersD. administered by private enterprisesQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:When Thomas Keller, one of America’s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept.1 he would abolish the practice of upping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City. And replace it with European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping- as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French.But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it’s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. “Waiters know that they won’t get paid if they don’t do a good job” is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of students of tipping and has concluded that consumers’ assessment of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled, in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn’s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.What’s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling”: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server’s pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed,there appear to belittle connection between tipping and good service.51. It may be inferred that a European-style service _______.A. is tipping-freeB. charges little tipC. is the author’s initiativeD. is offered at Per-se52. Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?A. Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.B.don’tcare about tipping.WaitersC. Customers generally believe in tipping.D. Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.53. According to Michel Lynn’s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they ______A. have performed good serviceB. frequently refill customers’ water glassC. win customers favorD. serve customers of the same sex54. We may infer from the context that “upwelling” (Line 2, Para 6) probably means ______A. selling something upB. selling something fancyC. selling something unnecessaryD. selling something more expensive55. This passage is mainly about _______A. reasons to abolish the practice of tippingB. economic sense of tippingC. consumers’ attitudes towards tippingD. tipping for good serviceQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“I promise,” “I swear to you it’ll never happen again.” “I give you my word” “Honesty. Believe me.” Sure, I trust .Why not? I teach English composition at a private collage .With a certain excitement and intensity, I read my student’s essays, hoping to find the person behind the pen, Aseach semester progresses, plagiarism(剽窃)appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won’t detect a polished piece of p rose from an otherwise-average writer, but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments, I can match a student’s word with his or her name even if it’s missing from the upper left-hand corner.Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average (GPA)? When we’re threatened or sick, we make conditional promises “if you let me pass math a will…”“Lord, if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I’ll…”Once the situation is behind us, so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that cliché(陈词滥调) to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid .After all, few fulfill the contract, so why should anyone be the exception, why not?Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of a PhD thesis. Up until that time, both his out-of-class andin-class work borderline passing.I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it was his own work. I gave him the identical assignment and told him to write it in class, and that I’d understand this copy world not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked .He sat one hour, then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic, I confronted him with both essays. “I promise …I’m not lying .I swear to you that I wrote the essay .I’m just nervous today.”The head of the English department agreed with my findings. And the meeting with the dean had the boy’s parents present. After an hour of discussion, touching on eight of the boy’s previous essays and his grade-point average, which indicated he was already on academic probation(留校察看),the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested, “He’s only a child” and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such……except in this uncomfortable circumstance.56. According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for________.GPA D.reputationA.higherdegree C.money B.57. The sentence “once the situation is behind us, so are the promises” implies that________.A. students usually keep their promises.B. some students tend to break their promises.C. the promises are always behind the situation.D. We can not judge the situation in advance, as we do to the promises.58. The phrase “borderline passing” (Line3, Para3) probably means_______.poorextremelyfairlyA.good B.averagebelowC.average D.above59. The boy’s parents thought their son should be excused mainly because________.A. teachers should be compassionateB. he was only a childC. instructors were wiserD. he was threatened60. Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage?ConditionalPromisesNature B.HumanA.C. How to Detect CheatingD. The Sadness of PlagiarismSection IV Translation (20 points)Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies,new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always been.The big advance in standard of living- not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace-always have come from “better recipes, not just more cooking.” One might argue that is not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of “cooking in quantity” business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.Section V Writing (20 points)Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following diagram. Describe the diagram and analyze the possible causes. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Accidents in a Chinese City (2005)Main accident Causes Number of accidents in 2005Percentage rise(+) Orfall(-)over20041.drives turning left without due care608+10%2.drives traveling too close to other vehicles411+9%3.pedestrians crossing roads carelessly401+12%4.drivers driving under the influence of alcohol281+15%5.drivers failing to give a signal264-5%2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案Section ⅠVocabulary1. B2. A3. A4. D5. B6. D7. C8. C9. D 10. C11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. DSection ⅡCloze21-25 CADBA 26-30 BDCAB 31-35 ACDDA 36-40 BBCDCSection ⅢReading Comprehension41-45 CADBC 46-50 BCADA 51-55 ABCDA 56-60 CBDBDSection ⅣTranslation推动当今社会巨大变化的动力是人类创造力的崛起。
2007专升本管理学2007试卷答案

----------2007年浙江省普通高校“专升本”联考《管理学》试卷参考答案与评分标准----------2007年浙江省普通高校“专升本”联考《管理学》试卷参考答案与评分标准一、选择题(在每一小题的四个答案中选出一个正确的答案,并将正确答案的序号填在题后的括号内。
每小题2分,共40分)二、简答题(每题6分,共计30分) 1、 简述泰罗科学管理理论和梅奥人际关系学说的差异性。
答案要点:(1)泰罗科学管理理论认为金钱是刺激人们工作积极性的唯一动力,把人看作经济人。
梅奥的人际关系学说认为,工人是社会人,除了物质需求外,还有社会、心理方面的需求,因此不能忽视社会和心理因素对积极性的影响。
(2分)(2)科学管理理论仅注重正式组织的作用。
而人际关系学说提出,企业成员在共同工作的过程中,相互间必然产生共同的感情、态度和倾向,形成共同的行为准则和惯例,要求个人服从。
这就构成一个体系,称为“非正式组织”。
(2分)(3)泰罗科学管理理论认为金钱是刺激人们工作积极性的唯一动力,梅奥认为提高生产率的主要途径是提高工人的满足度,特别是工人对社会因素的满足度。
(2分) 2、 影响决策的因素有哪些?答案要点:(1)环境因素:包括环境的稳定性、市场结构、买卖双方在市场的地位(1分);(2)组织自身的因素:包括组织文化、组织的信息化程度、组织对环境的应变模式(1分);(3)决策问题的性质:包括问题的紧迫性、问题的重要性(2分);(4)决策主体的因素:包括个人对待风险的态度、个人能力、个人的价值观、决策群体的关系融洽程度(2分)。
3、 简述目标管理的基本原理。
答案要点:(1)组织内部一切部门、单位和员工都必须有目标,形成完整的目标体系,并用以指导、推动和衡量他们的工作(3分);(2)各部门、单位和员工的目标并不是由他们各自的上级用分配任务的办法加以规定,而是由他们自己根据其上级的目标,结合自身实际情况提出建议,报请上级审核平衡确定,它是上下结合制定的(3分)。
2007年上半年全国自考(行政管理学)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2007年上半年全国自考(行政管理学)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 简答题 4. 论述题 5. 案例分析题单项选择题1.最早使用“行政学”一词的是【】A.史坦因B.威尔逊C.古德诺D.怀特正确答案:A2.早期行政管理学理论的逻辑起点是【】A.社会人假设B.理性人假设C.经济人假设D.道德人假设正确答案:C3.西蒙认为,整个行政管理过程的核心是【】A.执行B.决策C.组织D.监督正确答案:B4.雷格斯认为,棱柱型行政模式存在于【】A.工业社会B.农业社会C.过渡型社会D.信息社会正确答案:C5.“受限市场模式”的提出者是【】A.法约尔B.高斯C.泰罗D.雷格斯正确答案:D6.行政权力的根本来源是【】A.人民群众B.国家法律C.暴力斗争D.选举正确答案:A7.在行使行政权力的所有手段中,最有效的手段是【】A.法律手段B.强制手段C.经济手段D.合法手段正确答案:B8.行政职能的载体是【】A.行政技术B.行政人员C.行政效率D.行政机构正确答案:D9.标志着我国政府行政职能转变的成果已经为法律所确认,并于2004年7月1日开始正式实施的是【】A.《行政诉讼法》B.《公务员法》C.《行政许可法》D.《国家赔偿法》正确答案:C10.行政管理机构的首要特性是【】A.合法性B.合理性C.主体性D.系统性正确答案:A11.半总统制国家的典型代表是【】A.美国B.英国C.法国D.瑞士正确答案:C12.人事行政管理最经常的职责和最大量的活动是对行政人员进行合理的【】A.计划和组织B.使用和开发C.激励和监督D.制度建设正确答案:B13.政府预算工作的中心环节是【】A.预算编制B.预算执行C.决算管理D.预算外资金管理正确答案:B14.行政组织生存的依据和合法性基础是【】A.职能B.机构C.目标D.环境正确答案:C15.解决行政组织中上下级冲突的常见方式是【】A.服从权威B.调处C.谈判D.冷处理正确答案:A16.渐进决策模式的提出者是【】A.西蒙B.林德布洛姆C.埃佐尼D.邓恩正确答案:B17.行政执行工作的关键是【】A.计划B.协调C.动员D.指挥正确答案:D18.行为方法中最主要的方法是【】A.利益调节B.行为激励C.强迫命令D.遵守规范正确答案:B19.使行政管理思想转变为现实状态的中间媒介是【】A.行政管理方法B.行政手段C.行政技术D.行政组织正确答案:A20.行政法律规范最基本的功能是【】A.管理与制裁B.约束与惩戒C.规范与控制D.批评与教育正确答案:C21.行政管理的基石是【】A.以德行政B.依法行政C.效率行政D.责任行政22.绩效评估的基础和核心是【】A.确立评估的程序B.确立评估的标准C.确立评估的组织D.确立评估的指标体系正确答案:D23.行政组织根据一定的价值准则所设定的作为衡量行政绩效高低的一系列数据、标准的总和是【】A.行政绩效评估体系B.行政绩效评估指标C.行政绩效评估的指标体系D.行政绩效评估标准正确答案:C24.行政发展的主要外部动力是【】A.文化B.经济C.政治D.技术正确答案:C25.我国行政发展始终坚持的中心是【】A.政治改革B.机构改革C.发展经济D.维护稳定正确答案:C多项选择题26.在西方行政管理学中,系统学派具有代表性的理论主要有【】A.新公共行政学理论B.权变理论C.政府治理理论D.官僚组织理论E.行政生态理论正确答案:B,E27.对行政系统影响最为重要的政治环境因素主要有【】A.经济发展程度B.政党制度C.社会团体发达程度以及社会流通性D.行政价值文化E.国家政权组织形式及其实际运行状况正确答案:B,C,E28.西方发达国家地方分权化的主要原因是【】A.提高行政效率B.适应现代经济的发展C.适应国家统一的需要D.适应社会发展的需要E.适应政治民主化的需要正确答案:A,B,E29.行政职能的特点主要表现在【】A.执行性B.整体性C.稳定性D.多样性E.动态性正确答案:A,B,D,E30.设置行政管理机构应该遵循的原则包括【】A.适应性原则B.协调性原则C.权责相称原则D.精干高效原则E.法制性原则正确答案:A,B,C,D,E31.国家公务员的新陈代谢机制包括【】A.考试录用B.调任C.辞退D.辞职E.退休正确答案:A,B,C,D,E32.行政沟通的基本形态有【】A.环式B.轮式C.链式D.Y式E.全通道式正确答案:A,B,C,D,E33.下列属于行政系统的外部监督的是【】A.权力机关监督B.政党监督C.新闻舆论监督D.审计监督E.行政监察正确答案:A,B,C34.运用行政方法的原则有【】A.与法治相结合B.坚持具体指导C.思想政治工作领先D.调查研究在先E.与利益相协调正确答案:B,C,D35.行政改革的内容主要有【】A.功能调整B.结构重组C.关系理顺D.行为变革E.效率提高正确答案:A,B,D简答题36.简述行政权力与行政责任的关系。
2007年经济师考试《工商管理专业知识与实务(中级)》真题及答案解析

2007年经济师考试《工商管理专业知识与实务(中级)》真题及答案解析一、单选题(本大题60小题.每题1.0分,共60.0分。
请从以下每一道考题下面备选答案中选择一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。
)第1题从行业生命周期各阶段的特点来看,行业的产品逐渐完善,规模不断扩大,市场迅速扩张,行业内企业的销售额和利润迅速增长,则该行业处于()。
A. 形成期B. 成长期C. 成熟期D. 衰退期【正确答案】:B【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】这是行业生命周期的成长期的特点,在书中第一章第一节“行业经济特征分析”中有所论述。
第2题某驰名空调企业为了进一步扩大生产规模,收购另一品牌空调配套元件生产企业,这属于()战略。
A. 横向一体化B. 纵向一体化C. 相关多元化D. 混合一体化【正确答案】:A【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】横向一体化是指通过资产纽带或契约方式,企业与竞争对手的企业联合,形成一个统一的经济组织。
第3题按照战略控制权的归属,战略控制可分为()。
A. 反馈控制、实时控制、前馈控制B. 回避控制、直接控制C. 集中控制、分散控制D. 跟踪控制、基准控制【正确答案】:C【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】在书中第一章第三节“战略控制分类”中有所论述。
第4题企业在战略实施过程中,深入宣传发动,使所有人员都参与并且支持企业的目标和战略,这是()战略实施模式。
A. 指挥型B. 转化型C. 合作型D. 文化型【正确答案】:D【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】这是文化型战略实施模式的特点。
第5题从环境因素的可控程度看,经营决策可分为()。
A. 长期决策和短期决策B. 战略决策、战术决策和业务决策C. 初始决策和追踪决策D. 确定型决策、风险型决策和不确定型决策【正确答案】:D【本题分数】:1.0分【答案解析】在书中第一章第四节“经营决策的类型”中有所论述。
第6题企业无法掌握决策必需的情报和资料,只能根据各决策方案可能出现的不同结果的发生概率进行判断并做出决策的方法是()。
2007年武汉大学考研管理学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2007年武汉大学考研管理学真题试卷(总分34, 做题时间90分钟)1. 名词解释题1.管理SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:管理指在特定的组织内外环境下,通过对组织的资源有效地进行计划、组织、领导、控制而实现组织目标的过程。
这一概念包含着以下几个方面的含义: (1)管理存在于组织之中,是为了实现组织目标而服务的。
管理依存于组织的集体活动,离开了组织的集体活动讨论管理是没有意义的;管理的目的是为了有效地实现组织的目标,明确地设定目标是进行管理的起点。
(2)管理是由计划、组织、领导和控制这样一系列相互关联、连续进行的活动所构成的,这些活动称为管理的职能。
(3)管理活动既强调目的又注重过程。
强调目的就是要选择去“做正确的事”,这关系到管理活动的效果问题;注重过程则重视“正确地做事”,这关系到管理活动的效率问题。
在效果与效率两者之中,效果是本、效率是标,有效地管理就是要标、本兼顾,“正确地去做适当的事情”。
2.现代企业制度SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:现代企业制度是指适应社会化大生产和社会主义市场经济要求的,以完善的法人制度为基础,以公司制为主要形式,以有限责任制度为保证,以产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学为标志的一种新型的企业制度。
现代企业制度的典型形式是公司制。
现代企业制度是一种完备的企业制度体系或微观经济体制。
现代企业制度是一种资本组织形式,是所有制的实现形式,是所有所有制企业努力的方向。
3.期望SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:期望是指对人或事物的未来有所等待和希望。
在费罗姆的期望理论中,期望是指员工认为其是否能达到某种结果、得到某种奖励的可能性。
这一期望理论是一种通过考察人们的努力行为与其获得的最终报酬之间的因果关系,说明激励过程并选择合适的行为达到最终报酬的理论。
4.市场控制SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案:市场控制是基于财务和经济信息,用价格机制对组织的行为进行规范,将组织内部的经济活动看作经济交易。
2007年广东专插本(管理学)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2007年广东专插本(管理学)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 论述题6. 案例分析题单项选择题1.()的主要贡献是提出了“理想的行政组织体系”理论。
A.巴纳德B.泰罗C.甘特D.韦伯正确答案:D解析:韦伯提出了“理想的行政组织体系”理论。
2.()提出了一般管理的14条原则。
A.法约尔B.梅奥C.赫兹伯格D.亚当斯正确答案:A解析:法约尔提出了一般管理的14条原则。
3.战略计划的时间通常为()以上。
A.4年B.5年C.6年D.7年正确答案:B解析:战略性计划是指应用于整体组织的,为组织未来较长时期(通常为5年以上),设立总体目标和寻求组织在环境中的地位的计划。
4.梅奥从理论上总结了霍桑试验的经验,阐述了()学说的观点。
A.人际关系B.系统理论C.权变管D.科学管理正确答案:A解析:梅奥从理论上总结了霍桑试验的经验,阐述了人际关系学说的观点。
5.英文缩写TQC在管理学中的含义是()A.全部质量数据B.质量概况C.全面质量管D.全部统计数据正确答案:C解析:TQC在管理学中代表全面质量管理。
6.决策遵循的是()原则。
A.满意B.最优C.节约D.降低成本正确答案:A解析:决策遵循的是满意原则。
7.决策的依据是()A.适量的信息B.全部信息C.社会调查D.专家意见正确答案:A解析:决策的依据是适量的信息。
8.目标管理师管理学家()提出来的。
A.亚当斯B.马斯洛C.德鲁克D.斯金纳正确答案:C解析:目标管理是由美国管理学家彼得德鲁克提出的。
9.()是一种定期修订未来计划的组织形式。
A.目标管理B.滚动计划法C.网络计划技术D.年度计划正确答案:B解析:滚动计划法是一种定期修订未来计划的方法。
10.()是一种传统而基本的组织形式。
A.职能部门B.车间C.工厂D.班组正确答案:A解析:职能部门是一种传统而基本的组织形式。
11.领导的核心是()。
2007年1月考研管理类联考综合真题及答案
2007年1月考研管理类联考综合真题及答案一、问题求解1、如果方程1+=ax x 有一个负根,那么a 的取值范围是( )A 、1<aB 、1=aC 、1->aD 、1-<aE 、以上结论均不正确2、设变量1021,,,x x x 的算术平均值为x 。
若x 为定值,则诸)10,,2,1( i x 中可以任意取值的变量有( )A 、10个B 、9个C 、2个D 、1个E 、0个3、甲、乙、丙三人进行百米赛跑(假设他们的速度不变),甲到达终点时,乙距终点还差10米,丙距终点还差16米。
那么乙到达终点是,丙距终点还差( )A 、322米B 、320米C 、315米D 、310米 E 、以上结论均不正确 4、修一条公路,甲队单独施工需要40天完成,乙队单独施工需要24天完成。
现两队同时从两端开工,结果在距该路终点7.5公里处会和完工。
则这条公路的长度为( )A 、60公里B 、70公里C 、80公里D 、90公里E 、100公里5、某自来水公司的水费计算方法如下:每户每月用水不超过5吨,每吨收费4元,超过5吨的,每吨收取高标准的费用。
已知9月份张家的用水量比李家的用水量多%50,张家和李家的水费分别为90元和55元,则用水量超过5吨的收费标准是( )A 、5元/吨B 、5.5元/吨C 、6元/吨D 、6.5元/吨E 、7元/吨 6、7、高等数学8、以等流量开始向如下所示容器内注水,直至注满该容器,若)(t h '为容器中水平面高度)(t h 随时间t 的变化率,则正确反映)(t h '变化性态的曲线是( )9、高等数学10、设罪犯与警察在一开阔地上相隔一条宽0.5公里的河,罪犯从北岸A 点出以每分钟1公里的速度向正北逃窜,警察从南岸B 点以每分钟2公里的速度向正东追击(如图),则警察从B 点到达最佳射击位置(即罪犯与警察相距最近的位置)所需的时间是( )A 、53分B 、35分C 、710分D 、107分E 、53-分 11、高等数学12、一个人的血型为O 、A 、B 、AB 型的概率分别为0.46、0.40、0.11、0.03。
2007管理学参考答案
49.(1)卡普兰和诺顿; (2)在《平衡积分卡:企业绩效的驱动》(或在《哈佛商业评论》上发表的一篇论文) 中提出的; (3)财务; (4)顾客; (5)学习与成长; (6)内部经营(或内部运营)。
50.(1) 员工天性好逸恶劳,不喜欢工作,十分懒惰,只要有可能,他们就会逃避工作; (2)员工以自我为中心,漠视组织要求; (3)员工只要有可能就会逃避责任,安于现状,缺乏创造性; (4)员工不喜欢工作,个体目标与组织目标相矛盾,需要对他们采取强制措施或惩罚办 法,迫使他们实现组织目标; (5)员工喜欢安逸,没有雄心壮志,不愿负任何责任,而心甘情愿接受别人指导; (6)员工干工作都是为了满足基本的需要,只有金钱和地位才能鼓励他们工作。
(4)非正式组织的消极作用或负面影响:①会对正式组织的工作产生不利的影响;② 会引发抵触情绪;③会束缚成员的个人发展;④会影响正式组织的变革。
(5)如何避免正式组织与非正式组织之间的冲突:①要正视它的存在,即要认识到 它存在的客观性、必要性,允许乃至鼓励其的存在;②要积极引导,使非正式 组织目标与正式组织的目标相一致,引导其做出积极的贡献;③要通过建立组 织文化规范非正式组织的行为;④要注意做好非正式组织中的“领导”或“关 键性人物”的工作。
六、案例分析题
题号 52
53
54
55
56
答案
C
D
D
D
A
57. (1) (2)
(3)
韦尔齐上任后,通过增加管理幅度、减少管理层次,从而使该公司由金字塔结构变 成了扁平结构(扁平式组织结构是指管理层次少,管理幅度大的一种组织结构)。 扁平式组织结构的优点:①信息传递速度快,失真度低;②有利于发挥下属人员的 积极性、创造性;③管理费用低;④便于高层领导了解基层情况;⑤主管人员与下 属能够结成一体,有利于解决较复杂的问题。 扁平式组织结构的缺点:①增加了主管对下属的监督和协调控制的难度;②下属缺 少了更多的升迁机会;③对领导人员和下属人员的素质要求较高;④主管难以对下 属进行深入具体地指导;⑤由于管理幅度大,协调和取得一致性意见就会变得更加 困难。
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2007年管理考试真题第一部分管理学原理(共150分)一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题.每小题2分。
共30分)1.马克斯·韦伯认为,理想行政组织的基础是( )A.个人崇拜式权威 B.理性——合法式权威 c.传统式权威 D.英雄主义式权威2.亚当·斯密对管理理论发展的贡献在于他强调( )A.决策的重要性 B.劳动分工的重要性C.人际关系的重要性 D.标准化的重要性3.霍桑实验表明,影响生产力最重要的因素是( )A.待遇 B.工厂环境 C.作业人员的技术 D.人际关系4.为社会系统学派奠定理论基础的人是( )A.孔茨 B.弗鲁姆 C.巴纳德 D.戴明5.决策所遵循的原则是( )A.最优原则 B.可行原则 C.理想原则 D.满意原则6.在孔茨、韦里克的计划层次划分中,最简单形式的计划是( )A.规则 B.预算 C.政策 D.方案7.针对突发事件的决策,一般属于( )A.知识敏感型决策 B.时间敏感型决策 c.不确定型决策 D.风险型决策8.下面哪项不属于组织设计的基本原则A.精简高效原则 B.统一指挥愿县L c.权责对等原则 D.控制幅度原则9.关于合理的管理幅度,以下说法正确的是A.管理幅度越宽越好 B. 管理幅度越窄越好C. 管理幅度根据管理者的能力、下属的素质和工作性质决定D.工作环境不能对管理幅度产生任何影响10.在下列情况下,组织的分权程度会越大A.较高的管理层次做出的决策数量越多 B.较低的管理层次做出的决策重要性越大C. 较高的管理层次做出的决策影响面越大 D.较低的管理层次所作的决策审核越多11.职能制部门化的优点在于A.有利于充分合理地利用专有资产 B.通过设立不同的部门来满足客户的不同需求c.能够协调并对市场做出敏捷的反应 D.符合组织活动的专业分工要求12.根据领导者权力运用的方式不同,可把领导风格分为集权式和民主式两种,其中民主式领导方式的特点是A.纪律严格,管理规范,赏罚分明B.管理的组织成本低于组织边界以外的交易成本C.按规章管理,领导者不发挥个人专长权和模范权D.通过激励下属,发展员工的能力7为组织培育智力资本13.按照双因素理论,下面所列属于激励因素的是A.公司政策 B.责任 c.同事关系D.地位14.在激励理论中,主张对激励进行针对性的刺激是A.期望理论 B.公平理论C.成就需要理论 D.强化理论15.对管理者来说,有用信息的特征是A.高质量;及时;完全 B.准确;大量;及时c.简洁;明晰;有序 D.广泛;清楚;频繁二、多项选择题C本大愿共5小蘑,每小题4分,共20分)16.20世纪90年代以来,随着管理学的发展,产生了( )A.学习型组织 B.系统分析c精益思想 D.业务流程再造17.从创新的组织程度上看,创新的类别可分为A.消极防御型创新 B.自发创新C.积极攻击型创新 D.有组织创新18.组织变革的类型有A.战略性变革 B.战术性变革c.结构性变革 D.流程主导性变革19.组织文化作为一种自组织系统具有很多特定的功能,其主要功能有A.整合功能 B.适应功能c.导向功能D.调整功能20.有效控制的特征包括A.适时控制 B.适度控制C.客观控制D.弹性控制三、简答题(本大题共2小题。
每小韪15分,共30分)21.简述组织部门化的基本形式。
22.简述管理者的技能及其层次分布。
四、论述题(本大题共25分)试论组织变革的阻力以及消除组织变革阻力的管理对策。
五、计算分析题(本大题共25分)某企业计划生产某种新产品,预计该产品上市后销路较好的概率为0.7,销路不好的概率为0.3。
可选择的方案有三个:方案I 是建设一个生产新产品的新车间,投资300万元,使用期10年.销路好则年盈利l00万元,销路差则年亏损20万元。
方案Ⅱ是改进现有生产线,投资120万元.在维持原生产的基础上附加生产新产品,销路好则年盈利30万元,销路差则年盈利20万元。
方案Ⅲ是先按方案II投资120万元改进现有生产线,如销路好则在三年后再追加投资180万元扩建新车间(Ⅲ一1),销路不好则不扩建(Ⅲ一2,等于方案II)。
三个方案在销路好或销路差的情况下,损益值均可计算出来。
投资和收益如下表所示。
方案投资额(万元) 每年收益(万元)当前三年后前三年后七年I 300 0 100 -20 100 -20II 120 0 30 20 30 20Ⅲ120 180 30 20 100试用决策树法分析并计算出三个方案在十年内的各自收益值(注意:必须在十年内分摊投资),并选出收益期望值最大的方案(只需要计算,不需要绘制决策树)。
六、案例分析题(本大题共20分)爱多公司多元化战略的失败20世纪90年代,靠制造游戏机起家的胡志标,在广东中山成立爱多电器公司,以产销VCD机为主营业务。
1996年,胡志标以450万元请影星成龙拍摄广告片,又拿出8200万元在中央电视台投放广告。
由于广告的效应,爱多的产值由1996年2亿元增长到1997年的16亿元。
1997年底,胡志标凭借2.1亿元的标价成为CCTV的广告“标王”。
接着,爱多公司在快速扩大生产的同时出现了资金周转紧张。
1998年初,VCD的市场暴利时代宣告结束,而爱多公司扩大生产才刚刚起步。
为了争做“行业老大”,爱多又不惜血本与其他厂家抢占市场份额。
争夺市场的数千万元投入没有带来合理的市场回报和利润回报,爱多进入了财务上“拆东墙补西墙”阶段。
了解胡志标的人都知道,他的经营方式被称为“只有目标。
没有战略”。
习惯于“见招拆招”的胡志标,在VCD市场产生变化后,开始推行多元化战略。
当年,爱多公司正式宣布进入电话机、数码电视、音响等领域,爱多公司也更名为爱多集团。
但是,由于胡志标对。
VCD 的特殊感情,他搞多元化的最终目的,是为了得到更多资金去扩充他的VCD王国。
所以,在人力资源配置上,他把自己不喜欢的入,或者能力有限的人派到VCD以外的多元化项目从事经营。
结果,这些多元化项目不但没有为爱多VCD带来更多资金,反而把财务危机进一步扩大。
由于财务危机越来越大,最后导致爆发了信用危机。
胡志标在财务漏洞面前,挪用经销商的资金,而且在CCTV中标后,也不按合同付款,CCTV于1998年3月停播爱多VCD的广告。
最后,胡志标只得给原料供应商开出空头远期支票。
1999年12月,债权人向法院提起诉讼,广东爱多电器有限公司进入破产程序。
2000年4月,胡志标因涉嫌诈骗被汕头市公安局拘留,爱多公司随后解体。
2003年,胡志标被中山市中级人民法院判处有期徒刑20年。
阅读上述案例,请回答下列问题:(1)运用战略选择理论,分析爱多公司的基本战略错误(10分)。
(2)运用决策理论,分析胡志标在经营过程中的决策失误(10分)。
第二部分市场营销(共150分)一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)1.宝洁公司的洗发产品使用了海飞丝、潘婷、飘柔、沙萱等品牌,这种策略称为A.品牌质量策略 B.家族品牌策略 C.品牌扩展策略 D.多品牌策略2.把新产品的价格定得相对较低,以吸引大量顾客,提高市场占有率的定价方法为A.撇脂定价 B.产品线定价 c.渗透定价 D.单一价格定价3.相对于纯平彩色电视机而言,数字电视机属于【】A.全新产品 B.换代产品C.改进产品 D.仿制产品4.在下列销售促进的方式中,不属于向中间商推广的方式是【】A.购买折扣 B.资助 C.赠品印花 D.经销商奖励5.以产品质量取胜是典型的【】A.生产观念 B.产品观念c.推销观念 D.市场营销观念6.以下方法中不属于对广告本身效果测定的方法是【】.A.弹性系数测定法 B.价值序列法 c.配对法 D.评分法7.食盐、大米、面粉最适合采用( )A.综合性分销策略B.选择性分销策略c.独家分销策略 D.密集性分销策略8.现金折扣的目的是为了( )A.鼓励顾客早伏款 B.鼓励顾客一次多购买c.鼓励顾客忠于该企业D.鼓励顾客理智消费9.缓慢渗透策略中企业推出新产品的方式是【】A.低价格高促销费用 B.高价格低促销费用c.低价格低促销费用 D.高价格高促销费用lO.在基本方面模仿市场领导者,但在包装、广告和价格上又保持一定差异的市场追随者战略是【】 A.紧密跟随战略 B.距离跟随战略c.选择跟随战略 D.利基跟随战略11.包装物在被包装的产品消费完毕后还能作为它用的包装策略叫【】A.随赠品包装策略 B.再使用包装策略c.更新包装策略 D.组合包装策略12.通过有效安排商品的仓储、管理和转移,使商品在需要的时间到达需要的地点的经营活动称为【】 A.仓储 B.运输c.物流 D.物流规划13.在营销信息系统中以“订单一发货一帐单”循环为核心的子系统是【】A.营销情报系统 B.营销调研系统c.内部报告系统 D.营销分析系统14.在环境分析综合评价图上处于高机会低威胁的业务属于【】A.冒险业务 B.成熟业务C.理想业务 D.困难业务15.企业的业务经营范围,即企业全部产品线和产品项目的组合或结构称作【】A.产品线 B.产品项目C.宽度 D.产品组合二、多项选择题(本大愚共5小思,每小题4分,共20分)16.根据企业在市场上竞争地位的不同,企业的竞争战略可以分为【】A.市场领导者战略B.市场挑战者战略C.市场搅局者战略 D.市场跟随者战略E.市场利基者战略17.市场营销学的理论基础有【】A.马克思主义 B.生产目的论c.价值实现论D.马斯洛需求层次论E、顾客让渡价值论18.生产者市场购买行为的类型有【】A.直接重购 B.修正重购C.互惠购买 D.创造性采购E.新购19.消费者接受新产品过程主要包括的阶段有【】A.认知 B兴趣C.评价 D试用E.采用20.以下价格形式属于差别定价的有【】A.公园门票对少年儿童、军人给予优惠B.换季时举行的“大甩卖”、“酬宾大减价”活动C.不同花色、不同款式的商品以不同价格出售D.对大量购买的顾客所给予的优惠E.剧院里不同位置的座位的票价不同三、填空题(本大题共7小置.每空2分,共30分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确的答案21.顾客价值分析是用来揭示本企业与竞争者相比所具有的_________和_________ 。
22.从现阶段看,全球品牌管理的组织形式主要有_________和_________两种。
23·“大市场营销”理论认为,企业要成功地进入特定的市场,在策略上应协调地使用经济的、心理的、_________ 和_________等手段。
24. _________广告较适用于已经进入成熟后期或衰退期的产品宣传.25.菲力普·科特勒指出:市场营销是个人或_________通过创造并同他人_________产品和价值以满足需求和欲望的一种社会和管理过程.26.产品的单位价值越_________,分销渠道越长、越宽;产品单位价值越_________,分销渠道就越短、越窄。