新托福考试近期题型解析---推理题
托福阅读推理题考察点解析
Word 文档1 / 1托福阅读推理题考察点解析托福阅读考试中，不同的题型考察的目的和重点是不一样的。
所以在实际的备考中，针对各种考试题型，大家也要把握考察的重点。
那么关于阅读推理题部分，具体的考察内容是什么?下面我为大家整理了具体的内容，供大家参考! 托福阅读 推理题考察点解析一、托福阅读推理题的两大分类：有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。
这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。
根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。
一般来说，大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。
对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
返回原文找信息点，接受排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。
二、托福阅读推理题的三个具体的解题思路：1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否认掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理：在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。
当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否认掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理 ：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的削减。
反之，相同。
这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half centuryfollowing the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution. What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers. (B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined. (C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation. 文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。
托福阅读推理题解题实例示范
托福阅读推理题解题实例示范应该说推断题属于难度比较大，混淆选项比较难排除的一种。
但如果掌握一定的技巧也不是无章可循。
OG的说明是：如果文章提到结果，很可能让你推断原因;如果提到二者比较，很可能问你比较的基础;正确答案不是文章明显提到的，而是明显可以推出来的。
最重要的一句话就是：You should be able to defend your choice by pointing to explicitly stated information in the passage that leads to the inference you have selected.正确的答案一定要有原文某句话作支持。
这为排除法提供了良好依据。
因为错误选项往往就是在句中加入了与原文完全无关的些许成分。
这些成分就成了我们戳穿谎言的标准。
做这种题一定要本着抬杠的方法，只要说的不完美，含糊不清，故意夸大或隐瞒事实，无中生有，都算错。
这种题是我认为最需要感觉的一类题了。
比较容易出推断题的地方，一个明显的标志是时间状语：before 2000，after 1999之类的。
很可能就问你what can be inferred about XXX after 2000或者before 1999. 看到这样的话，你要小心可能在此出推断题了。
OG上的例子就是一个perfect example：一看见这个题，首先就回到文中找相关信息，关键词：nineteenth century; 只要找到after nineteenth century就可以了。
因为这种类型的题，给出时间状语，问某时点之后，文中给出的必然是该时点之前的内容。
快速找到第一行和第三行都有19世纪的内容。
第一句…。
Was available to all，必然取反，选择19世纪之前，蜡烛是not available to all.而剩下三个错误选项说的全是19世纪以后才出现的内容。
托福阅读难点剖析——推理题解法
托福阅读难点剖析——推理题解法托福阅读部分高分关键在于推理题解法。
尽管托福考试中此类题所占比例较少， 但却是考生获得 满分或高分的最大障碍。
此类题特点在于原文中未明确说明，其含义在其中( implied ) ，也就是说， 要考生通过适当的理解并运用推理、判断、归纳等方式，找出文中某个词或句子的特殊含义，或者判 断出句子与句子之间或段落与段落之间关系。
有些考生对此类题往往不知从何入手， 凭一般感觉解题， 这样虽然可以解对几题，但获得全对可能性极小。
下面根据本人多年托福阅读教学经验，对此类题进 行具体论述。
一、 推理模式 其特点是利用文中某个词汇、词组、句子含义进行外延及相关性引伸。
如根据“ teacher ”——教 师，可推现教师经常上课，应保护嗓子，或根据舞蹈演员推理出身体灵活等。
此类题关键在于文中关 键词汇的合理引伸，一般寻找此类引伸方法可以用如下图形表达：具体、抽象 方式、内容 语气强、弱中心词来源 中心词应用场合 主客观转换 人物、关系 例 1： After the administration of lighthouses was taken over in 1852by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corp gradually became highly professional. It can be inferred from the passage that the Treasury Department, after assuming control of the lighthouses, improved which of the following? (A) The training of the lighthouse (B) The sturdiness of the lighthouses (C) The visibility of the lights (D) The locations of the lighthouses 提示： 原文中提到在 1852 the United States Lighthouse Board 接管灯塔管理之后， 看灯人就日趋专 业化。
托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题
托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题托福阅读大家都想能更好地把题目做对，不过托福阅读题型还是很多的，不同的托福阅读题也有着不同的解决办法，具体该如何做呢?下面介绍的就是一种很常见的题目：推理题，希望能给大家一些好的建议。
托福阅读10种题型举例分析——推断题无论是OG还是Delta，都把阅读的题目分成十类，即：Understanding Facts and Details, Identifying Negative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences, Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases (Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence (Sentence inserting), Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information.还有很重要的一点，做题的时候，无论考试还是练习，不光要分析对的选项为什么对，更要分析错的选项为什么错。
有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。
有助于你把握出题的思路，培养感觉。
这是非常有用的。
五、推断题应该说推断题属于难度比较大，混淆选项比较难排除的一种。
但如果掌握一定的技巧也不是无章可循。
OG的说明是：如果文章提到结果，很可能让你推断原因;如果提到二者比较，很可能问你比较的基础;正确答案不是文章明显提到的，而是明显可以推出来的。
最重要的一句话就是：You should be able to defend your choice by pointing to explicitly stated information in the passage that leads to the inference you have selected。
托福阅读考试的推理题
官方网站：托福阅读考试的推理题推理题的标志是在题干中出现infer/imply/suggest/indicate/most likely 这样的词汇，它和细节题属于同源题目，都需要定位并且根据文中信息来选择答案。
与细节题不同的是，推理题在找到原文中定位点之后考察的是学生对于文中信息的总结概括，或者反向推理的能力。
以下是托福阅读推理题的介绍我们来看一道例题，It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke3 and blowhole4 cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like○There were great numbers of them.○They lived in the sea only.○They did not leave many fossil remains.首先我们来对题目的出题范围进行定位，题干的blowhole可以作为定位词汇，定位到原文的第四句话：“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.”在这句话里交代了“unlike the casess of sea otters”，即与sea otters不一样的是，whales的陈述是：it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.即，不容易看出第一头鲸长什么样子。
【锦囊】托福阅读推理类题目怎么做
托福阅读推理类题目怎么做托福阅读大家都想能更好地把题目做对，不过托福阅读题型还是很多的，不同的托福阅读题也有着不同的解决办法，具体该如何做呢?下面介绍的就是一种很常见的题目：推理题，希望能给大家一些好的建议。
一、推理题的标志托福阅读题型中推理题的题干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等词，分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题两大类。
二、推理题的做法对于无共性的推理题，也就是托福阅读题干中无线索的，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
对于有共性的推理题，也就是托福阅读题干中有线索的，可以先圈定题干中的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。
推理题主要有下列思路：1.一般对比推理ETS设计推理题的手段不多，根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。
问其中一个事物的特征时，只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。
例如：It should be obvious that cetaceans–whales, porpoises, and dolphins–are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?&<61;It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.&<61;There were great numbers of them.&<61;They lived in the sea only.&<61;They did not leave many fossil remains.根据关键词sea otters定位第四句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds…，由原文的unlike可知sea otters 和pinnipeds两种动物与whales形成对比，而且很难想象原始的。
托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解
托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解托福阅读中，推断题是特别常见的一类考题。
那么遇到推断题应当怎么做呢?今日我给大家带来了托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解，盼望能够关心到到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读技巧丨托福阅读推断题解题方法及实例讲解一. 托福阅读推断题常见提问方式推断题的题目特点(怎样推断是否为推断题)及提问方式推断类问题的题干中常常会消失infer、suggest或者imply这类单词。
Which of the following can be inferred about X?The author of the passage implies that X...?Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?二.做对托福阅读推断题需要具备什么样的力量这类问题主要考查考生对文章中的一个观点或立场的理解程度，而这种观点或立场是在文章中剧烈示意但并没有明确表明的。
例如，假如文章陈述了一个大事的结果，那么推论类问题很可能问考生缘由是什么;假如文章消失了一个对比，那么推论类问题很可能问考生其对比的基础是什么。
解答这类问题时，考生不仅需要理解所写的句子的字面意思，还必需搞清晰这些句子之间的规律示意。
(以上内容来自《托福考试官方指南》)依据《托福考试官方指南》的对推论题的介绍，我们清晰地知道这类题型考查的力量：对句意的理解和对规律的把握，二者缺一不行。
三.托福阅读推断题做题方法及实例讲解依据真题分析，我们将托福推断题分为两类：因果推理和对比推理。
这两类推断题也有相应的答题方法，如下：因果推理—已知缘由C，推结果E(C=E)。
考查的是对缘由的改写，并不是真刚要去做推理。
对比推理—时间对比：时间点前后取反;直接对比：对比项属性取反;比例对比：总量、构成不变，此消彼长。
以上答题方法详细是什么意思呢，我们将一一给大家举例说明。
实例讲解托福阅读推理题的解题技巧_0
实例讲解托福阅读推理题的解题技巧.content {font-size:16px !important;font-family:Tahoma,”Simsun” ;line-height:28px !important;color:#333;}.content p {font-size:16px !important;padding:0 15px !important;margin:20px 0 !important;text-align:left;}在新托福阅读包含有十大经典题型。
之前曾大家介绍过细节题、指代题、简化句子题的具体解答方式。
现在，点课台教育再为大家带来一种，推断题的解答细节。
在十大题型中，推断题可以说是比较容易的一种题目，想要搞定推断题的要点其实只有一个，那就是理清作者的逻辑。
在看懂每句话句义的基础上，就是需要明白前后句之间的关系，了解他们在作者的论证或者叙述中所起的作用，在此之后，阅读选项，直接选出正确选项，或者排除所有错误选项得到正确选项就好，下面就看看几个例题。
Paragraph 1: Groundwater is the word used to describe water thatsaturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the mostabundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater thatcirculates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water thathas soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow)and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods,before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible thatthere can be enough space in the ―solid‖ ground underfoot tohold all this water.1. Which of the following can be inferredfrom paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?A.It cannot hold rainwater for long periodsof time.B.It prevents most groundwater fromcirculating.C.It has the capacity to store large amountsof water.D.It absorbs most of the water it containsfrom rivers.这个题目其实只需要关注段落中的最后一句就可以了，因为这是唯一一句据提到了“我们脚下的土地”的，句中说，乍一想起来，我们脚下结实的土地居然能有空间容纳这么多的水，这似乎有点不可思议。
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新托福考试近期题型解析---推理题
一、推理题的标志
推理题的题干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等词，分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题两大类。
二、推理题的做法
对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索的，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。
对于有共性的推理题，也就是题干中有线索的，可以先圈定题干中的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。
推理题主要有下列思路：
1．一般对比推理
ETS设计推理题的手段不多，根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。
问其中一个事物的特征时，只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。
例如：It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
B. There were great numbers of them.
C. They lived in the sea only.
D. They did not leave many fossil remains.
2．时间对比推理
这种思路常被考到。
在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。
当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
例一：
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….
…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
…
It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
(A) families were larger.
(B) population statistics were unreliable.
(C) the population grew steadily.
(D) economic conditions were bad.
例二：
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they
were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.
What can be inferred from the passage about the majority of films made after 1927?
(A) They were truly “silent.”
(B) They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras.
(C) They incorporated the sound of the actors’ voices.
(D) They corresponded to specific musical compositions
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