英语词汇学单元二教案(复习整理)
Textbook: 夏洋、邵林著,《英语词汇学课程》. 北京：北京大学出版社. 2017. Chap2.
主要内容：1.古英语、中世纪英语、现代英语三个发展时期的社会文化背景、语言发展特点和时间起止。
2. 英语属于印欧语系，是日耳曼语的一支。
难点：the nature of English --- extremely rich and heterogeneous, a heavy borrower, full of synonyms, a global language.
I Notions
Language family
The 5000 or so languages around the world are grouped into about 300 language families, on the basis of their similarities in their basic word stock and grammars.
English is a member of the Indo-European language family.
English is a member of the Germanic group of languages.
二、辅助阅读：理解与深化
Read Texts in unit 2 & 3
三、自检
Check your understanding by finish the exercises given in the UNIT.
思考题：
1. Illustrate the language features in each historical period of English and analyze the related historical and social backgrounds that result in the features.
2. What is the contribution of Shakespeare to the English language?
3. Use facts and events to illustrate the nature of English.
四、预习
Unit 3 & 4。
Lecture 2《英语词汇学》第二章教案
Lecture 2English Vocabulary：A Historical Perspective计划学时：2 periods教学方法：传统讲授法参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，让学生对英语词汇的形成和发展有初步的了解。
教学重点：1) The Indo-European Language Family;2) A Historical Overview of the English V ocabulary.教学难点：1) The language family English belongs to;2) Growth of present-day English vocabulary.1. The Eight Language Families in the WorldIt is assumed that the world has approximately 5,615 languages. And on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar, they can be grouped into roughly the following language families: Sino-Tibetan (汉藏语系), Indo-European (印欧语系),Semito-Hamitic (闪含语系), Bantu (班图语系), Uralic (乌拉尔语系), Altaic (阿尔泰语系),Malaya-Polynesian (马来—波利尼西亚语系)and Indian (印第安语系).2. Indo-European language familyAnd Indo-European language family falls into eight principal groups: Indo-Iranian group (印度-伊朗语族); Slavic (斯拉夫语族- Russian and Polish ); Armenian (亚美尼亚语族); Hellenic (古希腊语族); Italic (意大利语族); Celtic (凯尔特语族); Albanian (阿尔巴尼亚语族); Germanic (日尔曼语族).3. Germanic Language GroupGermanic, which consists of three branches: North Germanic, East Germanic, and West Germanic. The North Germanic branch is the linguistic ancestor of modern Scandinavian languages, viz (即). Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish. The East Germanic developed into Gothic (哥特语，现已不复存在). The West Germanic branch developed into Modern German, Dutch, Frisian（弗里斯兰语，荷兰西北部）and English.4. A Historical Overview of the English Vocabulary※①Britons: The early inhabitants of the land we now call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. From the Britons the island got its name of Britain, ‘ the land of Britons ’. The Britons were a primitive people living in the tribal society. They weredivided into dozens of small tribes, each of which lived in aclustering of huts. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the Indo-European--Celtic.②Latin: The second major language known in England was the Latin of the Roman Legions. In 55 BC, the Romans invaded the Britain under the commander of Julius Caesar, the great Roman general, and for nearly 400 years Britain was under the Romanoccupation.When the Roman empire began to crumble, the Germanic tribes came in. As the invading tribes (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) took over and settled in Britain, the Celtic languages gradually retreated. As a result, Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with such words as crag, bin and a number of place names like Avon, Kent, London, Themes.English Vocabulary：A Historical Perspective⏹The history of the English language is divided into three periods.⏹The Old English (450-1100)⏹The Middle English (1066-1500)⏹The Modern English (1500-present)(1)The Old English (449-1066)After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes came in great numbers. Soon they took permanent control of the land, which was to be called England-- the land of Angles ’’ (盎格鲁人之岛). Their language, historically known as Anglo-Saxon (盎格鲁—萨克逊语), now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English.Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. About 85% of Old English words are no longer in use. Many words can not be recognized as still part of modern English vocabulary, some we may have made some connection with modern Englishvocabulary, taking some words used in Old English poem Beowulf, the most important work of Old English, a s example: ealle—all; ond—and; giganta—giant; lange—long; Gode—God; wis(wis)—with; mann---man; hus—house; weall—wall.Old English was a highly inflectional language just like modern German. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs had complex endings or vowel changes.(2) Middle English:1066—1500Old English began to undergo a great change when the Normans invaded English from France in 1066. Until then, although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic.But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. Between 1250 and 1500 about 9000 words of French origin poured into English. 75% of them are still in use today. We can find words relating to every aspects of human society, e.g. government, social scales, law, religion, moral matters, military affairs, food, fashion and so on. Words such as: state, government, power, prince, duke, judge, court, crime, angel, mercy, peace, battle, fry, roast, dress, coat are just a few in frequent use.1066年法国诺曼（底）人入侵英国，英国人是被征服人，但没有被斩尽杀绝，而是被降为下等公民。
高中英语词汇复习第2单元教案(普通班)
高中英语词汇复习第2单元教案(普通班) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN第3课时教学过程Ⅰ. 检查及校对所布置的作业Ⅱ. 新授（在晨读时让学生把第2单元的单词听两遍，并跟读）1. 根据英文释义选用下列单词填空（做此题前先把下列词的词义通一遍，然后再引导做题）allowance; adventure; adore; agenda; admission; affection; adolescence; aggressive; agreement; allocate1) adventure an exciting experience in which dangerous or unusual things happen2) adore to love someone very much and feel very proud of them3) affection a feeling of liking or love and caring4) aggressive behaving in an angry way, as if you want to fight or attack someone5) agreement an arrangement or promise to do something, made by two or more people,companies etc.6) admission permission given to someone to enter a place, or to become a member of a school,club etc.7) allocate to give something to a particular person etc. especially after an official decision hasbeen made8) allowance an amount of money that you are given regularly or for a special purpose9) agenda a list of problems or subjects that a government, organization etc. is planning to dealwith10) adolescence the time, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, when a person is developing intoan adult2. 单项选择（1-15）1) The _________ of a big business requires skills in dealing with people.A. adjustmentB. administrationC. adaptationD. admission administration --- the activities that are involved in managing the work of a company or organization管理一个大企业需要与人相处的技巧。
英语词汇学总结复习资料
英语词汇学总结复习资料⼤家请注意：笔记中⼤多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的基础，应该⼀字不漏的背下来。
其实不少简答题也就是⼏个定义的汇总，再加上个例⼦就可以拿满分了。
区分两个词的区别，主要还是指明其各⾃的定义。
第⼀章Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1. 词的定义Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2.声⾳与意义的关系There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional.E.g. ―woman‖ means ’Frau’ in German，’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand，the same sound /rait/ can mean right，rite and write，though denoting different things，yet have the same sound.3.读⾳与拼写不⼀致的原因The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.（At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns）a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language.b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spellingc）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500d）. Borrowing of foreign language4. 词汇的含义Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect，a given book，a given displine and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history.The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words.5.词汇的分类的原则Classification of Words—by use frequency，by notion，by originthe English vocabulary consist of words of all kinds. they can be classified by different criteria and for different purpose . words may fall into the word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion , and into native words and borrowed words by origin.基本词汇的特点1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary.1.all national character （most important）– natural phenomenamost common things and phenomena of the human body and relationsworld around us names of plants and animals action，size，domain，state numerals，pronouns，prep. ，conj.2. stability– they donate the commonest thing necessary to life，they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative，some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow.e.g. arrow，bow，chariot，knight – past electricity，machine，car，plane ——now3.productivity– they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words，they can form new words with other roots and affixes.e.g. foot – football，footage，footpath，footer4.polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous.e.g. take to move or carry from one place to another to remove5.collocability– quite a number of set expressions，idiomatic usages，proverbial saying and others基本词汇在英语中的地位和重要性The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of thelanguage .though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary ,yet it is the most important part of it .e.g. heart – a change of heart， a heart of goldNon-basic vocabulary ——(例⼦)1. terminology –technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicinephotoscanning，hepatitis，indigestion，penicillin，algebra，trigonometry，calculus2. jargon– specialized vocabulary in certain professions.Bottom line，ballpark figures，bargaining chips，hold him back，hold him in，paranoid3. slang—— substandard words often used in informal occasionsdough and bread，grass and pot，beaver，smoky，bear，catch，holler，Roger，X-rays，Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage.4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groupscan-opener，dip，persuader cant，jargon ，argot are associated with，or most available to，specific groups of the population.5. dialectal words– only by speakers of the dialectbeauty，chook，cocky，station，auld，build，coo，hame，lough，bog6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems，legal document and religious writing or speech.7. neologism– newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics，futurology，AIDS，internet，E-mailold meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse，monitor2）. Content word （notional word）– denote clear notions.Functional word （empty word，form word）– do not have notions of their own，express the relation betweennotions，words and sentences.a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous.Functional words are in a small number.b. Content words are growing.Functional words remain stable.c. Functional words do far more work of expression than content words.3）. Native words –are words brought to Britain in the 15 century by the German tribes. Ango-Saxon Words，50，000-60，000What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are1. neutral in style （not stylistical specific ）2. 2.frequent in use （in academic fields and science French，Latin or Greek are used）（usage 70-90%）Borrowed words （loan words，borrowing）– words taken over from foreign language. 80%本族语词在英语中的地位和重要性Native words form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language .therefore , what is true of the basic word stock is also true of native words.According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing，we can bring the loan words under 4 classes.1.Denizen s– words borrowed early and now are well assimilated into English language.e.g. port from portus（L）shift，change，shirt，pork cup from cuppa（L）2.Aliens– retained their original pronunciation and spellinge.g. décor（F）blitzkreeg（G）emir，intermez，rowtow，bazaar，rajar，status quo3.translation loans– formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.1）. Word translated according to the meaninge.g. mother tough from lingua maternal（L）black humor from humor noir long time no see，surplus value，master piece 2）. Words translated according to the sounde.g. kulak from kyrak（Russ）lama from lama（Tib）ketchup tea4. Semantic loans– their meaning are borrowed from another languagee.g. stupid old dump new sassy dream old joy and peace pioneer old explorer/person doing pioneering work new a member of the young pioneer fresh old impertinent，sassy，cheeky第⼆章The Development of the English1、Indo-European language family （Europe，the Near East，India）It can be grouped into an Eastern set :Balto –Slavic 、Indo-Iranian、Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic、Italic 、Hellenic、GermanicIn the Eastern set , Armenian and Albanian are each the only modern language respectively,the Balto –Slavic comprises such modern language such as Prussian、Lithuanian、Polish、Czech、Bulgarian、Slovenian、Russian. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian, Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit.In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic. In the Celtic,we find Scottish, Irish,Welsh, Breton. the five Romance language ,namely, Portuguese,Spanish, French, Italian, Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called Latin. The Germanic family consist of the four Northern European language :Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English.2、History （时间，历史事件，特征）1）Old English （450-1150）totally 50，000-60，000 wordsThe 1st people known to inhabit England were Celts，the language was Celtic.The second language was the Latin of the Roman Legions. The Germanic tribes called angles，Saxons and Jutes and their language，Anglo-Saxon dominated and blotted out the Celtic. Now people refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English. At the end of 6th century，the introduction of Christianity has a great impact on the English vocabulary. The common practice was to create new words bycombining two native words. In the 9th century，many Scandinavian words came into English. At least 900 words of Scandinavian are in modern English，our daily life and speech.特点：highly inflected language///complex endings or vowel changes （full ending）2）Middle English （1150-1500）English，Latin，FrenchUntil 1066，although there were borrowings from Latin，the influence on English was mainly Germanic. But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English.By the end of the 13th century，English gradually come back into public areas.Between 1250 and 150 about 9000 words of French origin pouered into English. 75% of them are till in use today.As many as 2500 words of Dutch origin come into English.特点：fewer inflections leveled ending3）Modern English （1500-up to now）early modern English （1500-1700）late modern English（1700-up to now）The Renaissance(the early period)，Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the West ern world’s great literary heritage.From the 1500’s through the 1700’s ,many writers experimented with words. Over 10000 new words entered the English language .many of these were taken from Latin and Greek .The Industrial Revolution was in the mid-17 century. With the growth of colonization，British tentacles began a stretching out of to every corner of the globe，thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.After World War II，many new words have been created to express new ideas，inventions and scientific achievements. More words are created by means of word-formation.thousands and thousands of new words have been entered to express new ideas inventions，and scientific achievements. more words are created by means of word-formation.in modern English，word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.science and technology terms make up about 45% of new words. words associated with life-style constitute of 24% and social and economic terms amount to over 10% .mention should be made of an opposite process of development i.e. old words falling out if use.特点：ending are almost lost.3. Three main sources new words当代英语词汇发展的现状New words sweep in at a rate much faster than at any other historical period of time .词汇发展的主要原因1).The rapid development of modern science and technology2).Social: economic and political changes3).The influence of other cultures and languages4. Three modes of vocabulary development（英语发展的三个主要⽅式：创造新词、旧词新意、借⽤外来语词）1. Creation – the formation of new words by using the existing materials，namely roots，affixes and other elements. （This is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.）2. Semantic change - an old form which take on a new meaning to meet the new need.3. Borrowing – to take in words from other languages.（played a vital role in the development of vocabulary , particularly in earlier times）4. （Reviving archaic or obsolete）French 30%，Latin 8%，Japanese Italian 7%，Spanish 6%，German Greek 5%，Russian Yiddish 4%第三章Word Formation*1. Morpheme(词素) ——A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. （The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.）*2.Morph—— A morpheme must be realized by discrete units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs.3.Monomorphenic words– morphemes are realized by single morphs.4.Allomorph（词素变体）——Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position. Such alternative morphs are allomorphemes. E.g. the morpheme of plurality （-s）has a number if allomorphemes in different sound context，e.g. in cats/s/，in bags/z/，in matches/iz/.5. Free morphemes or Free root —— The morphemes have complete meaning and van be used as free grammatical units in sentences，e.g. cat，walk. They are identical with root words. morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.6.Bound Morphemes——The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words，e.g. recollection （re+collect+ion）collect – free morpheme re-and –ion are bound morphemes. （include bound root and affix）Bound morphemes are found in derived words.7.Bound root ——A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root，it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example：it conveys the meaning of ―say or speak‖ as a Latin root，but not as a word. With the prefix pre-（=before）we obtain the verb predict meaning ―tell beforehand‖。
英语词汇学教程第四版第二单元中文
英语词汇学教程第四版第二单元中文《英语词汇学教程第四版》第二单元为我们介绍了词根、前缀和后缀的知识。
这些知识对于我们学习英语词汇具有重要的指导意义。
下面我们将全面地探讨这些知识，并给出一些学习建议。
首先，词根是构成英语词汇的基本单位，它能帮助我们理解单词的含义。
比如，"dict"这个词根表示"说"，它可以在很多单词中找到，比如"dictate"（命令）、"dictionary"（字典）。
通过了解词根的含义，我们可以更好地猜测出未知单词的含义。
其次，前缀是附加在词根前面的字母或字母组合，它可以改变单词的意义。
例如，"un-"这个前缀表示"不"，当我们在"happy"（快乐的）前加上"un-"，变成"unhappy"（不快乐的），意思就完全相反了。
熟悉一些常见的前缀，可以帮助我们更好地理解单词，并且能够更准确地运用这些词汇。
最后，后缀是附加在词根后面的字母或字母组合，它也能改变单词的含义。
例如，"-ly"这个后缀表示"以...方式"，当我们在"happy"（快乐的）后加上"-ly"，变成"happily"（快乐地），就表示以快乐的方式。
掌握一些常见的后缀，可以使我们的表达更加丰富，让我们的写作更具魅力。
在学习词根、前缀和后缀时，我们可以采用一些有效的方法。
首先，我们可以通过阅读来积累词汇。
在阅读中，我们可以不断地遇到、学习和记忆新的词根、前缀和后缀。
同时，我们也可以结合看电影、听音乐等娱乐活动，通过上下文来理解和记忆这些词汇。
其次，我们可以利用词根、前缀和后缀来记忆单词。
比如，当我们学习新的单词时，可以将其和已知的词根、前缀和后缀进行联系。
牛津英语9A Unit2复习教案
9).回答 how many 或 how much 开头的问句用 none, 回答 who 开头的问句用 nobody 或 no one；回答 what 引导的问句用 nothing。如： 10).注意 none, nothing, no one 的区别: none 可以和 of 连用，其它的不能和 of 连用; none 与 all 反义。 none 用法补充：none 既可指人，也可指物，它只是指在一定范围内，代替上下文已出现过 的名词。none 可指没有人或没有东西，在句中作定主语或宾语。作主语时，谓语动词可用 单数,也可用复数。 Nothing 表示“没有什么东西”，只能指物，不能指人，同时没有任何限 制。No one（=nobody） 一般用来指人，使用时不受一定范围的限制。 Step4：自主预习检测 一、单项选择 （ ）1. she had to buy _______ these CDs because she didn‟t know which one to take. A. none B. each C. both ( ) 2. Thanks for ______ me_______ my promise. A. reminding, \ B. reminding, of C. remind, of ( ) 3. I need _____________ for our football team. A. anybody strong B. someone strong C. strong someone ( ) 4.Shanghai is developing ___________these years than before. A. quickly B. more quickly C.the most quickly ( )5. If you want to keep_________, you must keep on doing sports. A. health B. healthily C. healthy 二、给出下列句子的同意句。 1. It‟s hard for them to reach an agreement. They __________ difficulty in _____________ an agreement. 2. I‟d rather stay at home. I___________ _____________ stay at home. 3. She is short so she can‟t reach the apples on the tree. She isn‟t tall____________ ________________ reach the apples on the tree. 4. There isn‟t anybody in the room. There ____________ ____________in the room. 5. I couldn‟t finish the work if you didn‟t help me. I couldn‟t finish the work _____________ _________________ help. （教师主要检查学生的预习情况和学生在预习中出现的问题） Step5：Discussion （教师组织讨论学生预习中出现的问题） Step 6：Summary Step 7：Do Exercise （限时练习 20 minutes） （见附） Step8：Homework 1.预习下一课时早读材料和练习 2.整理好错题集
词汇学初中教案
词汇学初中教案课程目标：1. 让学生掌握词汇的基本概念和分类。
2. 培养学生正确运用词汇的能力。
3. 提高学生对英语词汇学习的兴趣和积极性。
教学内容：1. 词汇的基本概念2. 词汇的分类3. 词汇的运用教学重点：1. 词汇的基本概念和分类。
2. 词汇的运用技巧。
教学难点：1. 词汇的分类和运用。
教学准备：1. 教材：人教版初中英语教材。
2. 教学辅助材料：词汇卡片、PPT等。
教学过程：Step 1：导入（5分钟）1. 向学生引入词汇学的基本概念，让学生了解词汇在英语学习中的重要性。
2. 通过举例，让学生初步了解词汇的分类，如名词、动词、形容词等。
Step 2：词汇的基本概念（10分钟）1. 详细讲解词汇的基本概念，包括词汇的定义、特点和功能。
2. 引导学生通过举例来区分不同类型的词汇，如名词、动词、形容词等。
Step 3：词汇的分类（15分钟）1. 讲解词汇的分类，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词等。
2. 通过PPT或词汇卡片，展示各类词汇的例词，让学生进行分类练习。
Step 4：词汇的运用（10分钟）1. 讲解词汇的运用技巧，如词汇的搭配、用法和词性转换等。
2. 引导学生通过造句或填空练习，运用所学词汇。
Step 5：课堂小结（5分钟）1. 让学生总结本节课所学的内容，巩固知识点。
2. 鼓励学生积极提问，解答学生的疑问。
Step 6：课后作业（课后自主完成）1. 让学生完成课后作业，巩固本节课所学内容。
2. 鼓励学生自主查阅词典，了解更多词汇知识。
教学反思：本节课通过讲解词汇的基本概念、分类和运用，使学生了解了词汇在英语学习中的重要性。
在教学过程中，要注意引导学生通过举例和实践来掌握词汇的分类和运用，提高学生的英语表达能力。
同时，要关注学生的学习反馈，及时调整教学方法和节奏，确保学生能够有效吸收和巩固所学知识。
《英语词汇学》串讲笔记2
Chapter 4Word Formation II一、【考情分析】本章主要考核的知识点为：词缀法，复合法，转类法，拼缀法，截短法，首字母缩略法，逆生法，专有名词普通化。
通过对本章的学习，考生应该了解现代英语的主要构词法，这些构词法在英语词汇发展中的地位，提高构词能力，自觉扩大词汇量。
在历年考试中：常常以选择题，名词解释，填空题的形式对本章知识点进行考核。
二、【知识串讲】重点知识锦集：1. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.2. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixes falls into two subclasses:prefixation and suffixation.（前缀和后缀）3. Affixation is also known as derivation.4. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.5. Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems. In other words, they mainly change the word class.6. We shall group suffixes on a grammatical basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.7. Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open.（连写的，加连字符号的，不连写的）8. Most compounds consist of only two stems but are formed on a rich variety of patterns and the internal grammatical relationships within the words are considerably complex.9. Conversion is also known as functional shift.（功能转换）10. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.11. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs.12. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted, thus known as full conversion,（完全转换）others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion.（部分转换）13. Blending（拼缀法）is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become well-established.14. As far as the structure is concerned, blends fall into four major groups: head+tail, head+head, head+word, word+tail.15. The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns.16. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and magazines.17. There are four common types of clipping: front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clipping.18. Both intialisms and acronyms have become very popular since the Second World War and thus extremely productive.19. Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs.20. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.21. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are writtenseparately.22. As a rule, the stress of compounds falls on the first element.23. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure can not be changed.24. Conversion（转换法）refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.25. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.名词解释：1. affixation（词缀法）: Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.2. prefixation（前缀法）: Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.3. suffixation（后缀法）: Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.4. compounding（合成法）: Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called compounds.5. conversion（转换法）: Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.6. blending（拼缀法）: Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed in this way are called blends or pormanteau words.7. clipping（截短法）: Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called clipping.8. acronymy（首字母拼音法）: Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.9. initialisms（首字母缩略词）: Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter.10. acronyms（首字母拼音词）: Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.11. back-formation（逆生法）: Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. It’s therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.论述问答题：1. In what aspects do compounds differ from free phrases?答：Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects:1). Phonetic features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally stressed if there is only one stress.2). Semantic features. Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word.3). Grammatical features. A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence, for example, a verb, a noun, or an adjective.2. What is the best way to classify prefixes? Why?答：Prefixes do not usually change the word-class of the stem but only modify lts meaning. Although present-day English finds an increasing number of class-changing prefixes, they make up only an insignificant number in the huge contemporary vocabulary. It might be the best way to classify prefixes by their non-class-changing feature.3. In what way are compound verbs generally formed? Give examples to illustrate your point.答：Compound verbs are created either through conversion or back-formation. This could be illustrated by two words, nickname and chain-smoker. Nickname, which is originally a noun, can be used as a verb through conversion. Chain-smoker, which is originally a noun, can turn into a verb through back-formation.4. What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain them with examples. 答：When converted to nouns, not all adjectives can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted, thus known as full conversion, others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion. When a noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of a noun, it can take an indefinite article or-(e)s to indicate singular or plural number. For example, adjective “white”can be fully converted to a noun “white”, which can take indefinite article: a white. When a noun partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with the definite article, and they retain some of the adjective features. For example, the poor, the rich.5. Both back-formation（逆生法）and back-clipping（截后留前）are ways of making words by removing the endings of words. How do you account for the coexistence of the two? Can you explain the difference?答：Back-formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. It’s considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. For example, “loafer”may be assumed to derive from the verb “loaf”’on the analogy of known derivatives, such as “swimmer” from “swim” or “driver” from “drive”. By removing the supposed suffixes –er from “loafer”, a verb “loaf”‟is coined. Majority of back-formed words are verbs. Back-clipping is different. The deletion occurs at the end of the word(usually a noun). Both the original long word and its short form remain in the same word class. In diffe rent context, one could be used in other‟s place.6. After he comes back, he oiled machine.In above sentence, which word is the converted word? Explain the type of the conversion and the effect of the conversion.答：In this sentence, the word “oil”is the converted word. It is converted from a noun to a verb. When it was used as a noun, the meaning of it is that “油”. But in this sentence, it was used as a verb, the meaning is “给…加油”; As is often the case, a noun can be converted to a verb without any change. The use of the verb converted is both economical and vivid.Chapter 5Word Meaning一、【考情分析】本章主要考核的知识点为：“意义”的意义，词义的理据，词义的类别。
词汇学十年级第二章教学方案
词汇学十年级第二章教学方案一、引言本教学方案旨在帮助十年级学生系统学习和掌握丰富的词汇知识，提高他们的词汇应用能力。
针对第二章的内容，我们将采用多种教学方法和资源，以确保学生能够全面理解并有效应用所学的词汇。
二、教学目标1. 学习并掌握与情感与态度相关的词汇；2. 掌握与描述人物性格相关的词汇；3. 学习并应用与剧情推进相关的词汇；4. 培养学生运用词汇进行口头表达和书面表达的能力。
三、教学内容及安排1. 情感与态度相关的词汇a) 情感词汇的学习与运用- 学生将通过阅读及讨论故事情节、诗歌、歌词等形式来发现、理解并适当运用与情感相关的词汇。
b) 情感表达的写作练习- 学生将分组完成写作任务，通过书面表达来展示对各种情绪的描述和表达能力。
2. 描述人物性格相关的词汇a) 描述性格的常用词汇学习- 学生将通过观察和分析小说、电影、演讲等材料，学习并理解描述人物性格的常用词汇。
b) 口头描述练习- 学生将在小组内进行角色扮演，通过口头描述来展示对人物性格词汇的运用能力。
3. 剧情推进相关的词汇a) 掌握剧情推进所需的词汇- 学生将学习与剧情推进相关的词汇，如时间词、转折词、逻辑连接词等。
b) 阅读理解和写作练习- 学生将通过阅读故事情节和完成写作任务，锻炼对剧情推进词汇的理解和运用。
4. 口头和书面表达能力训练a) 观看相关演讲和讲解视频- 学生将通过观看演讲和讲解视频，培养自己的口头表达能力，并学习有效引用词汇的方法。
b) 书面表达训练- 学生将完成一系列书面作业，如写作、翻译等，来提高自己的书面表达能力。
四、教学资源1. 课本和词汇手册2. 图书馆借阅的小说和故事书3. 视频资源：教学讲解、相关演讲和讲解视频五、教学评估1. 口头表达评估- 学生将进行小组或全班演讲，展示对所学词汇的运用能力。
2. 书面表达评估- 学生将完成指定的写作或翻译任务，并由老师进行评分。
3. 课堂参与度评估- 学生在课堂上的活跃度、互动和合作也将纳入评估范畴。
《英语词汇学》(第一周)课程教案设计
二、 教学设计
步骤
教学内容
教学方法
教学手段
学生活动
时间分配
1.告知……
English has a huge vocabulary.
Presentation
PPT
Discussion
2. 引入
Where did English words come from?
Presentation
PPT
Discussion
深化
Discussion
Presentation
PPT
Discussion
归纳
Significance of the course.
Presentation
PPT
Discussion
作业
Reading texts and answering questions.
总结与反思
Making students realize the importance and significance of the course.
说明：步骤可分为告知、引入、操练、深化、归纳、作业等。教案的具体写法可参看附件案例《税法》《Flash动画制作》课程单元教学设计。
《英语词汇学》（第二周）课程教案设计
一、教案头
本次课标题：The Growth of English Vocabulary
授课专业班级
翻译B13-1
上课时间
周四12
上课地点
外国语414
教学目标
能力目标
知识目标
To enhance students’vocabulary knowledge.
3.Origins of English words;
必修二 Unit 2 复习教案
高三年级一轮复习必修二Unit 1 Cultural relics 复习教案四．短语1. in search of = in the /one’s search for 寻找①Many people joined them in the search for gold.许多人加入了他们淘金的行列②They went out in search of food.他们外出寻找食物。
易混辨析search/search for/search...for/in search ofvt. search sb. 搜某人身search sp. 在某地搜查（意图找到某东西）。
search for 寻找指搜寻某个特定的目标，相当于look forsearch sb/sp for 搜查某人或某地以寻找某物n. in search of “寻找”，后接寻找的目标或对象①警察搜索那栋房屋，寻找被偷的宝石。
The police searched the house for the stolen jewel.②他们在门口搜查了那个士兵。
They searched the guard at the gate.③警察到处搜捕他。
最终他被抓住了，现在警察正在对他进行搜身。
The police searched for him everywhere. He was caught at last and now thepolice are searching him.④They were walking around the town ______ a place for the party.A. in search ofB. searchC. searching ofD. searched for⑤(2010·福建) More and more high-rise buildings have been built in bigcities______ space.A. in search ofB. in place ofC. for lack ofD. for fear of2. belong to sb/sth 属于某人/是…的成员belongings n. 财产；所有物；相关事物personal belongings 个人财产★①某东西属于谁belong to sb②没有进行时和被动语态③belong 通常接to，但如果表示“应该在某处，适合某处”时，可用to,in under 等The book belongs on that shelf. 这本书应是放在那个架子上的。