09翻译写作试卷
南师大2009级硕士研究生学位英语考试（翻译与写作）（共11页）English Test for Non-English Major Postgraduates(January，2010)Part One: TranslationI. Put the following passages into Chinese. (25%)Passage 1 ( 15%)Culture is a word that has so many meanings already that one more can do it no harm. For anthropologists culture has long stood for the way of life of a people, for the sum of their learned behavior patterns, attitudes, and material things. Though they subscribe to this general view, most anthropologists tend to disagree however, on what the precise substance of culture is. In practice their work often leads some of them to a fascination with a single category of events among the many which make up human life, and they tend to think of this as the essence of all culture. In sum, though the concept of culture was first defined in print in 1871 by E. B. Tylor, after all these years it still lacks the rigorous specificity which characterizes many less revolutionary and useful ideas.Culture hides much more than it reveals, and strangely enough what it hides, it hides most effectively from its own participants. Y ears of study have convinced me that the real job is not to understand foreign culture but to understand our own. I am also convinced that all that one ever gets from studying foreign culture is a token understanding. The ultimate reason for such study is to learn more about how one’s own system works. The best reason for exposing oneself to foreign ways is to generate a sense of vitality and awareness---an interest in life which can come only when one lives through the shock of contrast and difference.The best reason for the layman to spend time studying culture is that he can learn something useful and enlightening about himself. This can be an interesting process, at times harrowing but ultimately rewarding. One of the most effective ways to learn about oneself is by taking seriously the culture of others. It forces you to pay attention to those details of life which differentiate them from you.注释：1. E. B. Tylor：泰勒（1832—1917），英国人类学家。
Passage 2 (10%)Culture operates both visibly and invisibly to influence the substance of negotiations and the performance of the eventual contract. It is therefore necessary for an exporter to have knowledge of both the foreign culture and the negotiating process in that culture. This includes familiarity with the spoken language and with body language (that is, typical gestures); knowledge of the country’s social customs and formalities; awareness of the degree to which subtleness or, inversely, directness is current in negotiations; understanding of the use of time in formal talks; knowledge of the degree to which compromise is acceptable for reaching a final accord; understanding of thedecision-making process in the counterpart company; and awareness of the sanctity of oral versus written contacts.Ⅱ.Put the following passages into English. (25%)Passage 1 (15%)直到不久以前，在网上进行犯罪活动的机会还很少。
但随着人们开始在网上购买书籍和其他商品，并开始在网上从事货币交易，网上的商务活动迅速增长。
这一切对黑客构成了巨大的诱惑。
黑客一般是那些对计算机痴迷的年轻人。
他们想方设法地闯入银行、电话公司甚至政府部门的计算机系统。
他们寻找信用卡样本，试图窃取信用卡号码。
估计目前世界范围内的网上销售额在400亿美元到2000年底的900亿美元之间。
这些销售额主要集中于出版物和软件的购买，而这些活动需要用户提供信用卡号码。
专家建议说，“设定密码时，不要只用字母，要掺杂使用一些标点符号和数字。
还应该经常更换信用卡密码。
”注释：1. 黑客: hacker 2. 400亿美元：$ 40 billionPassage 2 (10%)读书的状态大致分为三种：一是为别人而读，二是为有用而读，三是为兴趣而读。
处在第一种状态是最痛苦的，自己根本不想读，但迫于外界压力却不得不读。
在这样的状态下，读书真是苦不堪言，实在是件苦差事。
第二种是为有用而读书。
处在此列的人已知书中自有黄金屋和颜如玉，已经能从烟波浩渺的书海中有所取舍，读书很有目的性。
或为提高专业技术水平，或为丰富知识，学电脑的看电脑书籍，学文学的看小说，当老师的读教育心理，做生意的看经济等等。
第三种是为兴趣而读书。
这是读书的自觉状态，更是一种境界。
这些读者把书当做生存的基本需要，读书已和吃饭睡觉一样必不可少。
三日不读书，则自觉面目可憎，心里就空虚、失落、不踏实。
Part T wo: WritingⅢ．Read the following passage carefully, and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each of the questions that follow. Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet.(10%)1. People are mistaken who believe the high Rockies are hard to climb. T o the traveler who has passed through theplains of Kansas and eastern Colorado, the high Rockies might seem like a beautiful but forbidding wilderness, approachable by only the toughest mountaineers. It is true that the 53 peaks in the Rockies that soar over 14,000 feet in elevation should only be attempted by seasoned climbers. However, the peaks under 14,000 feet, the fourteeners, can be easily climbed by the average person. Actually, climbing Colorado's fourteeners is hardly a rugged experience because most of them take only a day to climb, involve no more than hiking and simple scrambling, and are conquered by many people each year.2. Surprisingly, unlike expeditions to Mt. McKinley or Mt. Everest, a climb up one of Colorado's 14,000 foot peaks rarely takes more than a day. Pike's Peak, with the state's greatest base-to-summit elevation gain, is admittedly a strenuous climb, yet a retired college professor in his middle seventies makes the hike every day in the summe r. A friend of mine, Carson Black, in a day, once climbed four fourteeners, three of which--Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, and Kit Carson Peak--are the most challenging in the state. Even more revealing is the Bicentennial celebration by the Colorado Mountain Club. It planned to have members onthe summit of every fourteener in the state on July 4, 1976. Only a handful of ascents took more than a day.3. Colorado's 14,000-foot peaks are also fairly easy to climb. Because they require no special climbing techniques. The "knife-edge traverse" on Capitol Peak is probably the most infamous challenge, yet most hikers who carry ropes don't use them when they see the ridge is not very intimidating. The highest peak in the state, Mt. Elbert, is so simple to climb that a jeep made it in 1949, one man rode a 24-year-old bicycle to the summit in 1951. I personally saw two motorcycles on the 14,000-foot ridge between Mt. Democrat and Mt. Lincoln.4. Another indication that climbing Colorado's highest peaks is not very difficult is the sheer number of people who succeed each summer. After descending from Torrey's Peak one weekend in August, I counted over seventy cars in the parking lot. On a week the previous August, I passed fifty people in various stages of climbing Mt. Elbert. Even years ago--in 1968--4226 people climbed Longs Peak. Its parking lot today, to accommodate the number of climbers, is abouta quarter-mile long. People like to enjoy the beauty of the fourteeners.5. If I've shattered your belief that Colorado's peaks are the domain of only bears and mountain men who look like bears, consider how Zebulon Pike might feel about Pikes Peak today. In 1806, he predicted that the mountain would never be climbed. Now, via the cog railway or the toll highway, he could reach the summit without moving his legs.1. What do you think is the thesis of the essay?A. The first two sentences in paragraph 1.B. The first two sentence in paragraph 5.C. The last two sentences in paragraph 1.D. The last two sentences in paragraph 5.2. What order is used to develop the essay?A. Climatic order.B. Time order.C. Spatial order.D. Mixed order.3. How does the author start his essay?A. Starting from general to specific.B. Presenting the opposite idea.C. Narrating an anecdote.D. Describing his own situation.4. How many specific supports are provided for the main idea in Paragraph 2?A. 6B. 5C. 4D. 35. “also” in the first sentence of Paragraph 3 functions as .A. an addition signalB. a time signalC. an illustration signalD. a conclusion signal6. Which sentence in Paragraph 4 is irrelevant to its topic sentence?A. Sentence 3.B. Sentence 4.C. Sentence 5.D. Sentence 6.7. In Paragraph.4, the sentence “Its parking lot today, toaccommodate the number of climbers, is about a quarter-mile long.” best supports the idea thatA. most of the fourteeners take only a day to climb.B. most of the fourteeners involve no more than hiking and simple scrambling.C. most of the fourteeners are conquered by many people each year.D. most of the fourteeners are under 14,000 feet.8. Paragraph 3 contains .A. a fragment and a run-onB. a run-on and an unbalanced parallelismC. a fragment and an unbalanced parallelismD. a fragment and a mixed construction9. Which of the following paragraphs best develops the idea that climbing Colorado's fourteeners involves no more than hiking and simple scrambling?A. Paragraph 2.B. Paragraph 3.C. Paragraph 4.D. Paragraph 5.10. Which of the following patterns works as the primary pattern of this essay?A. Description.B. Narration.C. Exposition.D. Argumentation.Ⅳ．Read the following advertisement from on August 20, 2009 and then write a job application letterin about 150 words. You may choose one of the offeredpositions. (15%)BHS International Company is in need of the following staff. We warmly welcome recent graduates to join.1. Administration Staff2. Advertising Staff3. Legal Adviser4. Senior Secretary5. Sales Staff6. Finance Staff7. Service Manager 8. Manager for Public Relations9. Computer Engineer 10. Network Management Engineer11. Chemical Engineer 12. Laboratory TechnicianRequirements1. Bachelor’s degree or above2. Professional knowledge for the position you apply for3. Skillful at oral and written expression4. Fluent English speaking, listening, and writing5. Excellent communication skills and team work with strong sense of responsibility6. Strong computer skillsWe would offer competitive remuneration package and good training opportunity to successful candidates. The priority will be given to those who can work straight away. Applications should be sent to:Mr. William DarnleyManager, Personnel DepartmentBHS International Company5 Renmin RoadDalian, Liaoning, 116056Ⅴ．Your local newspaper is soliciting（征求）community opinions on fireworks control. The editors of the paper wish to know your stand on the issue and the reasons behind your position. Write a well-organized argumentative essay in which you argue for or against this controversial issue in about 300-350 words. (25%)Answer Sheet 1 (Translation) 题项英译汉（25%） 汉译英（25%） 翻译总分 得分 Ⅰ. Put the following passage into Chinese (25%)Passage 1 ( 15%)Passage 2 (10%)姓名:[]学号[]院系: []英语班级:[]班任课教师：[]Ⅱ. Put the following passage into English（25%）Passage 1 (15%)Passage 2 (10%)Answer Sheet 2 (Writing) 题项单项选择（10%） 求职信（15 %） 议论文（25%） 作文总分 得分 Ⅲ．Read the following passage carefully, and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each of the questions that follow . Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (10%) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ⅳ．Read the following advertisement from and then write a job application letter in about 150 words. (15%)姓名: [ ] 学号[ ] 院系: [ ] 英语班级: [ ]班 任课教师：[ ]Ⅴ．Write a well-organized argumentative essay in which you argue for or against the controversial issue on fireworks control in about 300-350 words.(25%)。
09作文真题范文
09—Section A Composition (35 minutes)Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don’t think so. What is your opinion? Write on ANSER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Will Tourism Bring Harmto the Environment? You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.SectionB—Note-Writing (10 Minutes)Write on Answer Sheet Three a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:Lily, your roommate, is looking for a part-time job in the coming summer vacation. You saw an ad for a private English tutor for a schoolboy. Write her a note, telling her what the job isand strongly recommending it to her.Will Tourism Bring Harm to The Environment?As an economic activity, tourism in recent years has developed rapidly in China. Tourism reflects human’s explorations of nature, which has led to economic development on the one hand and environmental destructionon the other. While economy grows, environment destruction also grows, as a result of ceaseless tapping of natural resources and continuous increase of the number of tourists.How does tourism bring harm to the environment? Firstly, over exploitation of scenic spots will change ecological system, which willconsequently cause environmental degeneration. In order to attract tourists, plenty of man-made sceneries have been built, due to which the natural conditions have been destroyed. One example is Qinghai Lake, its environmental degeneration in the form of expansion of desert areas and extinction of some rare animals. According to a researchreport, tourism should take partial responsibility for this harmful result. In one word, reckless tapping of natural resources will break ecological balance.Secondly, a large proportion of tourists, most of the time, play the role of environment destructor. They do not have the awareness of environment protection. So it is very common to see them throwgarbage wherever they go. And then it is reported that some originally beautiful and clear lake became ugly and dirty, which conduces to various bacteria. Some of the tourists even have a weird habit of eating wild animals, whose practice, to some extent, encourages the killing of wildlife. All the above-listed behaviors and many others gravely damaged our environment.On all accounts, harm that tourism brings to the environment has already been seen and will become more serious if tourism industry keeps developing in an uncontrolled manner. So what we should do in the current situation is to try to make a sustainable developmental plan, through whose implementation the balance between economic growth and environmentprotection can be maintained.April 20th,2009 Jenney,I know you’re looking for a part-time job. I just saw an ad about private English tutor for a schoolboy. Your English is so excellent, and you’re so patient with children. That’s a good job for you. Plus the boy lives near our campus, so do consider this. It’s agood chance to make money and gain experience.Yours,Lily。
09级翻译复习
1.After he had heard the humorous story, he laughed off hishead.2.Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the SecondWorld War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated.3.Fifteen years ago medicine was the hot field for America’syoung people.4.A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔5.The police said they are close to knowing the cause of thefire.6.Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her thedoor.7.One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.8.Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing myeyes, my nostalgia comes around.9.He is said to be a rough diamond.他是一块浑金璞玉10.I would draw a further conclusion, which I believe iscentral to assessing China’s future place in the world economy.11.For the international community, the most strikingconsequence of these changes is that China has grown rapidly to be the world’s sixth largest economy, and is set to grow further.12.If you are unfair to me, I will certainly hang out all yourdirty linen如果你多我不公平,我将把你的丑事公诸于众13.The students were on tenterhooks before theexamination began. 考试之前学生们感到焦躁不安14.He is ill, that accounts for his absence.15.In this battle he accounted for（解决掉）five of theenemy.16.I want you to account for every cent you spent我要你把花费的每一分钱都交代清楚.17.It is not right for children to sit up late.熬夜18.She tried her best to right her husband from thecharge of robbery. 她尽她所能为他丈夫的抢劫罪申冤19.I want my martini dry.我要不加糖的马提妮酒20.There are still some dry（禁酒） states in the UnitedStates.21.She prefers dry bread. 没抹奶油的面包22.The cows are dry这奶牛不产奶.23.He gave us a dry（枯燥的） lecture yesterday.24.I am sure what he presented was a dry（铁一般的） fact.25.Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.26.In the early 1600’s, the Hollanders were great farmers. 早在17世纪，荷兰是一个农业大国27.If there should be any last-minute change in the sailingtime， we‘ll contact you by telephone.在出发前如果有什么变动，我们将打电话联系你28.Formality has always characterized their relationship.29.I knew the train was coming as I had seen the passengers swarminto the platform.30..He took out his camera and really wanted to get thatpicture.31.Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source，this may in many cases be impossible．尽管理想的阻止噪音的方法是在声源处消除它，但是在大多数情况下这是不可能的32.Much progress has been made in computer science in less thana century.不到一个世纪计算机科学就已经取得了很大的进步33.I am no drinker, nor smoker.34.She closed the door very quietly, as she was afraid ofwakening the sleeper.35.The authorities were alerted to the danger. 当局对这个危险提高警惕36.She dozed off（睡着了） while the television was on.37.An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the studyof current affairs.38.His very appearance at any affair proclaims it atriumph无论什么事只要他一出现就一定能成功39.Traditionally, there had always been good relationsbetween them.40.We are conducting a careful study of these matters.我们对这些问题作出细致的研究41.The policemen a re a comprehensive investigation ofthis case.警察队这个案子做了方位的调查42. A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius andhis money.43.Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersedin it.由于空气有质量44.Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.学生应该向老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习45.We have to face different problems.46.Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brotheruntil yesterday afternoon. 直到昨天下午，hobbs先生才和他的兄弟商量我的意见。
2009年华东师范大学外语学院811翻译和写作考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
第一部分翻译（共80分）一、改错1．ハイヒールの音がして女性があらわれた。
燃えるような金髪で、たしなみのいいスーツ。
三十前後、若さの美が消えかける寸前、かわって熟した果実の艷が全身をつつんでいる。
译文：这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。
30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕，全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。
【答案】这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。
30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，专属青春的美艳即将消失，取而代之的是全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。
【解析】译文将「若さの美が消えかける寸前」翻译为“正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕”是不够准确，「かける」接下动词的连用形后面确实可以表示动作的开始，但在这句话中应该表示的是动作的即将发生，即“将要消失”。
2．ガラスごしに中が見えたが、ポル卜ガル文化庁の役人らしい人が、退屈そうに新聞を読んでいた。
きちんと髮をなでつけ、窮屈そうな背広にネクタイ。
赴任してきて愕然としたのではあるまいか。
シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？译文：隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。
头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。
还不知道该如何向人们普及葡萄牙文化，他们喜欢巻起汗衫并用晾衣夹固定在肩上。
【答案】隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。
头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。
面对喜欢卷起汗衫并用晾衣架固定在肩上的人们，他们还不知道如何去普及葡萄牙文化。
【解析】译文对原文最后一句话的「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？」有误。
这句话的主语是「役人らしい人」，「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた」修饰「人々」的定语，而不是译文中翻译的那样修饰「役人らしい人」。
09年二级笔译实务题的英译汉
刚做了下09年二级笔译实务题的英译汉，贴上来，希望对准备翻译实践的同学起点作用：There was, last week, a glimmer of hope in the world food crisis. Expecting a bumper harvest, Ukraine relaxed restrictions on exports. Overnight, global wheat pricesfell by 10 percent.上周，世界粮食危机呈现出一丝希望。
乌克兰粮食有望丰收，因此放松了粮食出口限制，全球小麦价格一夜之间下降了10%。
By contrast, traders in Bangkok quote rice prices around $1,000 a ton, up from $460two months ago.与此相反，曼谷粮食商的粮食收购价格从两个月前的460美元上涨到1000美元/吨。
Such is the volatility of today’s markets. We do not know how high food prices mig ht go, nor how far they could fall. But one thing is certain: We have gone from an era of plenty to one of scarcity. Experts agree that food prices are not likely to return to the levels the world had grown accustomed to any time soon.当今粮食市场便是如此风云变幻。
我们无法知晓粮食价格会走多高，也不知道会跌到哪里，但有一点是肯定的：我们已经从粮食充裕时代到了粮食紧缺时代。
专家一致认为全球粮食价格短期内不会恢复到正常水平。
09翻译真题参考译文
响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。
47. Only gradually was the by-products of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.
从05年到07年，小作文已经测试过辞职信（道歉信）、请求信和建议信的写法，08年重考了偏向于与私人交流的道歉信，09年小作文接着又测试了考生对建议信的写作。通过试题中列举的提纲，我们判断出此次的建议信要求考生首先做简短的评论，并提出2至3条建议。小作文写作难度不大，考生只要根据自己平时对“白色污染”知识的积累或常识，就能做出简短的评论，这种做法肯定破坏我们的生活环境，因而不利于环保。考生重要的是在第二部分加以发挥，要写出比较中肯的建议来。根据课堂上讲到的段落展开三层论述法：国家立法，社会关注，个人遵守三个方面来展开都可以。当然还有其它方面的建议。因此我们列出一个提纲：首段说明写信的目的，中间段落做出简短评论，末段提出三条建议，最后希望被采纳，表示谢意并盼望回复。
是个固定介词短语。正常结构为：ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition in our
contact with them.
核心词汇：in contact with; effect of sth. upon/on; deal with
参考范文
Dear Editors,
2009.9翻译分析
首发：新东方惠瑾发布9.13中口翻译评析发布时间：2009-09-13 作者：惠瑾来源：上海新东方英译汉What is a novel? I say: an invented story. At the same time a story which, though invented, has the power to ring true. True to what? True to life as the reader knows life to be or, it may be, feels life to be. And I mean the adult, the grown-up reader. Such a reader has outgrown fairy tales, and we do not want the fantastic and the impossible. So I say to you that a novel must stand up to the adult tests of reality.You may say:”If one wa nts truth, why not go to the literally true book? Biography or documentary, these amazing accounts of amazing experiences which people have.” Yes, but I am suggesting to you that there is a distinction between truth andso-called reality. The novel does not simply recount experience. And here comes in what is the actual livening spark of the novel: the novelist’s imagination has a power of its own. It does not merely invent, it perceives. It intensifies, therefore it gives power, extra importance, and greater truth to what may well be ordinary and everyday things.小说是什么？我认为是人们创造出来的故事。
09级英汉翻译试卷格式和试卷封面_B_
In the above three sentences, such rhetorical devices as _____, ______ and _______are used.
A reading, translating and proofreading
B understanding, expressing and proofreading
C translating, understanding and proofreading
D understanding, translating and expressing
译文：他已是个回避问题的老手：其回应批评的主要办法是一威胁、二阻挠、三拖延。
Applied skill : __________________
7)When they awoke, though the sky was still gray and the clouds hung low, it was not raining.
译文：一觉醒来，虽然天色阴沉，乌云低压，可是雨已经不下了。
Applied skill : __________________
8)A person who doesa regrettable actionis often regretful afterwards.
译文：行为不检点的人，日后往往要懊悔。
课程_______________பைடு நூலகம்________班级________________________姓名__________________________学号________________________
2009北外MTI翻译基础真题
09北外MTI真题I. Translate the following passages into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet. （50 points-25 points x 2）Passage 1In Defense of Translationby Howard Goldblatt （葛浩文）How’s this for an occupational testimonial: “There is no such thing as a good translator. The best translators make the worst mistakes. No matter how much I love them, all translators must be closely watched。
”Who are these people everyone loves to hate, and, if they're so bad, how do they get away with what they're doing?Well, I confess: I'm one of them. I'm a translator。
…I am sometimes asked why I translate, since to many it seems a thankless vocation. Why, they ask, don't I write my own novels, since I have lived （they assume） an interesting life and must by now have an idea of what a novel should be? I can only say that not all translators are closet novelists, and that I do not consider translation to be a lesser art -- one that ought to lead to something better. The short, and very personal, answer to the question is: Because I love it. I love to read Chinese; I love to write in English. I love the challenge, the ambiguity, and the uncertainty of the enterprise. I love the tension between creativity and fidelity, even the inevitable compromises. And, every once in a while, I find a work so exciting that I'm possessed by the urge to put it into English. In other words, I translate to stay alive. The satisfaction of knowing I've faithfully served two constituencies keeps me happily turning good, bad, and indifferent Chinese prose into readable, accessible, and -- yes -- even marketable English books. Tian na! （276 words）Passage 2Downsizing in VogueIn recent years corporate downsizing has been on the rise throughout the world. Downsizing is reducing costs by dismissing employees and reassigning their duties to the employees who remain. They usually call it restructuring, rightsizing, reallocating resources, or job separation. They sometimes use dieting metaphors like "trimming the fat," "getting lean and mean," or "shedding weight." Whatever the euphemism, employees affected by these practices know what the words mean to them: layoff. And no "kinder, gentler" words can do much to alleviate the anxiety and distress that come with losing a job。
2009年11月CATTI三级笔译实务真题及参考答案.doc
真善美与假恶丑的交战——《巴黎圣母院》赏析一、作家简介作者：维克多·雨果（1802~1885）是法国浪漫主义文学最杰出的代表作家。
1822年他出版了第一本诗集《颂诗集》，1823年、1826年先后发表了恐怖小说《冰岛魔王》何以法国殖民地圣多曼格岛黑奴暴动为题材的《布格·雅尔加》，1827年《<克伦威尔>序言》。
20年代雨果作品有诗集《东方吟》（1829）、中篇小说《一个死囚的末日》、（1892）、剧本《玛莉蓉德·洛麦》（1892）。
30年代剧本《爱尔那尼》（1830）、《逍遥王》（1832）、《玛丽·都铎尔》（1833）、《吕伊·布拉斯》（1838）等；诗集《黄昏之歌》（1835）、《心声集》（1837）等；小说《巴黎圣母院》（1831）、《克洛德·格》等。
政治上由于巴拿破仑视为“蹂躏世界的暴君”，得到路易十八和查理十世的赏识；文学上仿效古典主义，为复辟王朝和天主教唱颂歌。
写作风格以浪漫主义为主。
二、作品赏读作品以中世纪的巴黎为背景作为背景，但是它与19世纪30年代法国人民的生活与斗争紧密相连。
他真实的记录了人民的苦难，封建王朝的专横、残暴，以及教会的阴险卑鄙，表达了人民反封建反教会的强烈愿望。
《巴黎圣母院》的情节，始终围绕3各主要人物展开：吉卜赛女郎爱斯梅哈达、圣母院副主教克洛德和奇丑无比的敲钟人伽西莫多。
爱斯梅哈达是作者笔下的理想人物，是西欧文学中不朽的女性形象之一。
她是巴黎流浪人的宠儿，靠街头卖艺为生。
她既有美丽动人的容貌，更有纯洁无邪的心灵和诚挚善良的品德表现出外在美和心灵美的和谐统一。
她富有正义感，富有同情心，乐于救人助人。
爱斯梅哈达的纯洁无邪，天真热情，表现在她对爱情的态度上。
他之所以爱上花花公子弗比斯，首先是她的诚挚善良，纯洁天真的本性不容去怀疑别人，把弗比斯逢场作戏当成了真正的爱情，并对此忠贞不渝，至死不变。
2009~2013大学生英语竞赛完形、翻译、作文试题
2009Part IV Cloze(15 minutes,15 marks)According to a group called the Voice Function, everyone has a singing voice as well as a(66)——(speak) voice somewhere inside them. This, they say, should be (67) enc ——from an early age because it provides the best, and the (68) ——(cheap), basis on which to build an understanding of music.The teaching of the Hungarian (69) (compose) Zoltan Kodaly are responsible for this idea. He observed that songs can become a key part of the relationship (70)_______a mother and her child almost from birth . This is (71) as______ true of traditional societies, (72)_______those of West Africa , where some small children are able to sing literally(73)hun______ of songs , all of which have been learn by heart . However many modern children first come to understanding of music (74)_______they learn to play an instrument (75)_______although some teaching of the theory of music is usually a part of this , their relationship with the music on the page is often a mechanical one.The (76)____(believe) of the Voice Foundation is that a natural feeling for rhythm. harmony and musical structure .the very qualities we appreciate in the greatest musicians. can only be achieved through the (77)____(explore) of the voice from the beginning of a person’s life .The foundation ha s , therefore ,set itself the task of (78) _____a singing-centered musical education(79)pro_____that could benefit junior all(80)_____the world.2010Part III Cloze (10 marks)Where The Wild Thing Are“I didn’t set out to make a children’s movie,” says Be ing john Malkovich director Spike Jonze, “I set out to make a movie about childhood.” Indeed, like the recent alternative children’s book (46) adapt____, Fantastic Mr Fox, this is more like an adult film (47) ____children’s clothing －or rather in Jim Henson monster suits. When rambunctious (无法无天的) nine-year-old Max feels (48) ig____by his busy single mum and her new boyfriend, and runs away (49) ____home , he finds himself on an island populated by huge, hairy, scary Wild Things. Here, he gets himself crowned king, and he and the monsters fight and play, and throw mud at each other (which the younger viewers will love). They return home. That’s it .And that’s your problem. As a film, I can’t (50) de____ it’s disappointing. Despite whimsical (异想天开的) imaginative and heart-tugging moments, Jonze and co-writer Dave Eggers inevitably lose the wonderful subtlety (精妙之处) of Maurice S endak’s well-loved 338-word picture book just by (51) ____ (spin) it out into a full-length feature. Enough already! We get this dysfunctional group of neurotic Wild Things (52) rep____ Max’s child’s eye view of grown-ups as comprehensible giants, both terrifying and loving. (53) ____, even the repetitive action and non-subtleties (54) ____make this feel more like family therapy than a fairy (55)t____ can’t destroy the film’s haunting magic.2011Part Three Cloze(15 marks )I have been reading a lot on my iPad recently, and I have some (46)_____ (complain) not about the iPad itself but about the state of digital reading generally. Reading is a subtle thing, and its subtleties are artifacts of a venerable medium:words printed in ink on paper. Glass and pixels aren't the same.When I read a physical book, I don't have to look anywhere else to find out how much I've read. The iPad e---reader, iBooks tries to create the (47) illu_____ of a physical book. The pages seem to turn, and I can the edges of those that remain, but it's fake. There are always exactly six unturned pages, no matter (48)_____ I am in the book.Also, there is a larger problem. Books in their digital format look vastly less "finished", or less genuine than real books. You can vary their font and type size, but this only makes them (49)_____(resemble) word---processed---no matter how (50)_____(wretch) or wonderful they are---will never look as good as Robert Hass's poems in the print edition of The Apple Trees at Olema. But your poems can look almost exactly as ugly---as "e---book---like" ---as the Kindle version of that collection.All the e---book I've read have been ugly---books by Chang---Rae Lee, Alvin Kernan, and Stieg Larsson---though the texts have been wonderful. I didn't grow up reading texts. I grew up reading books, and this(51)_____(differ) is important.When it comes to digital editions, the(52)_____(assume) seems to be that all books(53)are_____(create) equal. However, nothing could be further from the truth. In the mass migration from print to digital, we're seeing a profusion of digital books---many of them out of copyright---that look new and even "HD," but which may well have been supplanted by more accurate editions and better translations. We need a digital readers' guide---a place where readers can find(54)_____ whether the book they're about to download is the best available edition.(55)Fi_____, two related problems. I already have a personal library, but most of the books I've read have come from(56)_____(lend) libraries. Barnes & Noble has released an e---reader that allows short---term (57) _____(borrow) of some books. The entire idea behind Amazon's Kindle and Apple's iBooks assumes that you cannot read a book unless you own it first and that only you can read it unless you want to give your reading device to someone else.This goes against the social value of reading, the collective knowledge and (58)_____(collaborate) discourse that comes from access to (59)_____or our culture in general.2012Part III Cloze (10 marks)Did you know that for every 20,000 novels written, only one gets published? So the (46) ____ (likely) that I’ll ever fulfill my ambition of becoming a professional mystery writer doesn’t seem very high. But the prospect of turning my lifelong passion into my livelihood and achieving fame and (47) for ______ at the same time is just too exciting for me to be put off by dull statistics.So what does it (48) t_______ to become a writer? Reading is important—all writers need to research their genre thoroughly to familiarize themselves (49) _______ its codes and conventions. My bookshelves at home are stacked with the novels of all the great mystery writers, which I’ve read and in many cases, re-read, despite (50) _______ (know) all the time “who’d done it”.Of course, being a writer requires imagination. You have to develop your own personal style rather than simply copy the work of “the greats”. I’ve turned out (51)d________ of short crime stories for my university student magazine—some have been published, some not, but I’ve always aimed to produce original and imaginative material.Last but not (52) ________, successful writers possess enormous self-discipline. I’ve often sacrificed my social life in order to devote the necessary time and effort to producing a good quality story. And more than once that has meant (53) _______ the midnight oil.We’ve got a novel inside us. Getting it out in anywhere near publishable form is no (54) ______ task, but with imagination and determination, and the help of an expert on “master class”, who could possibly fail to (55) re_______ their ambition?2013Part III Cloze (10 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.According to recent surveys, 72% of all Americans believe that the United States government is (46) hi____ information about UFOs. Almost 68% of people think that the government has secret knowledge of extraterrestrial life. It is not (47) ____ (surprise) that the government has come under more and more (48) pr____ to declassify its UFO records and make them public. A variety of different groups have been involved in these efforts.One group to become involved is called CFI, the Coalition for Freedom of Information, John Podesta, who was White House Chief of Staff during Bill Clinton’s (49) ____(president), is one of the many high-powered people active in this group. CFI’s aim is not to prove the (50) ____(exist) of extraterrestrial life, but to make it easier for scientists in general to study unexplained aerial phenomena. Podesta and his group has asked the Pentagon to declassify its UFO records and therefore provide scientists (51) ____ data that will help in the study of UFOs.CFI has requested the release of information on several UFO cases, starting with the Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, incident. This incident took (52) ____ in 1965 when a large acorn-shaped object, the size of a small car, crashed in Pennsylvania. Some analysts say it could have been the spacecraft Kosmos 96 that had been launched towards Venus by the Soviet Union, but failed to escape Earth’s (53) g____. Others say the object did not look anything like spacecraft built on Earth in 1965.(54) Add____, the people of Kecksburg want to know what happened. On that(55) af____, hundreds of eyewitnesses watched a fiery streak of light descend from the sky towards Earth. Officials explained that nothing was found or recovered and that maybe the fireball in the sky was a meteor. But many witnesses say they saw a number of military personnel from the Army and the Air Force search the woods, and later that evening, saw a large military tractor-trailer coming from the area carrying a large object under a tarp.200986.她先天残疾，但他从未屈服于任何困难。