Mechanical property of bolt and nut
IFI第七版紧固件标准目录
FASTENERS FOR USE IN STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS STRUCTURAL BOLTS,STEEL,HEAT TREATED,120/105 KSI MINIMUN TENSILE STRENGTH
用于结构应用的紧固件
经热处理的最小抗拉强度为 120/105 ksi 的结构用钢螺栓
准代号b部分材料和涂镀ifi标准名称英文标准名称中文selectingfastenermaterial紧固件材料选择ifiboltandnutcompatibiliity螺栓和螺母的匹配ifiificorrosionplatingsandcoatings腐蚀作用镀层和涂层ifi1402000carbonandalloysteelwirerodsandbarsformechanicalfasteners用于机械紧固件的碳素钢和合金钢的线材圆钢钢棒saej4291999mechanicalandmaterialrequirementsforexternallythreadedfasteners外螺纹紧固件的机械和材料要求astma3072004standardspecificationforcarbonsteelboltsandstuds60000psitensilestrength碳素钢外螺纹紧固件astma4492004bspecificationforhexcapscrewsboltsandstudssteelheattreated12010590ksiminimumtensilestrengthgeneraluse经淬火和回火的钢制螺栓和螺柱astma320a320m2005aalloysteelboltingmaterialsforlowtemperatureservice低温用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料astma193a193m2006alloysteelandstainlesssteelboltingmaterialsforhightemperatureorhighpressureserviceandotherspecialpurposeapplications高温高压用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓材料astma194a194m2006bcarbonandalloysteelnutsforboltsforhighpressureorhightemperatureserviceorboth高压或高温作业或者高压高温作用用螺栓的碳钢和合金钢螺母astma3542004quenchedandtemperedalloysteelboltsstudsandotherexternallythreadedfasteners淬火和回火合金钢螺栓双头螺栓和其它外螺纹紧固件astmf5932002e2stainlesssteelbolt
DIN 267-27-2004 ENG紧固件,带粘附层的钢制螺钉,螺栓和螺柱技术规范
DEUTSCHE NORM 267-27{Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.© No part of this translation may be reproduced without the prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH , 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).!,bÑw"January 2004Technical delivery conditions for fastenersPart 27: Adhesive-coated steel screws, bolts and studsContinued on pages 2 to 8.ICS 21.060.10Supersedes March 1990 edition.Mechanische Verbindungselemente – Teil 27: Schrauben aus Stahl mit klebender Beschichtung – Technische LieferbedingungenIn keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.ForewordThis standard has been prepared by Technical Committee Schrauben mit klebenden oder klemmenden Beschichtungen of the Normenausschuss Mechanische Verbindungselemente (Fasteners Standards Com-mittee).AmendmentsThis standard differs from the March 1990 edition in that it has been completely revised.Previous edition DIN 267-27: 1990-03.All dimensions are in millimetres.1 ScopeThis standard specifies requirements and methods of test for sizes M 3 to M 39 adhesive-coated steel screws, bolts and studs (‘bolts’, for short) with ISO metric screw thread as in DIN ISO 261, assigned to property classes as in DIN EN ISO 898-1, for use at service temperatures ranging from –50 °C to +100 °C and, in special applications, up to 150 °C.2 Normative referencesThis standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These nor-mative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the titles of the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.DIN 946 Determination of coefficient of friction of bolt/nut assemblies under specified condi-tions DIN 50011-12 Artificial climates in technical applications – Air temperature as a climatological quantityin controlled-atmosphere test installationsDIN EN 20273 Fasteners – Clearance holes for bolts and screws (ISO 273 : 1979)DIN EN ISO 898-1 Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel – Part 1: Bolts,screws and studs (ISO 898-1 : 1999)DIN EN ISO 4032 Hexagon nuts, style 1 – Product grades A and B (ISO 4032 : 1999)English price group 8www.din.de www.beuth.de07.059639684Page 2DIN 267-27: 2004-01DIN EN ISO 4753 Fasteners – Ends of parts with external ISO metric screw thread (ISO 4753 : 1999)DIN EN ISO 7089 Plain washers – Normal series – Product grade A (ISO 7089 : 2000)DIN EN ISO 8673 Hexagon nuts, style 1, with metric fine pitch thread – Product grades A and B(ISO 8673 : 1999)DIN ISO 261 ISO general purpose metric screw threads – General plan (ISO 261 : 1998)3 Concepts3.1 Adhesive coatingCoating applied to the thread of bolts (over their whole circumference) in the form of microencapsulated adhe-sive, the bonding properties of which are activated by the process of bolting, and which serves to prevent the bolts working loose.3.2 Screw-in torqueTorque measured when a bolt is driven into a test nut (designated by M in ).3.3 Input torqueTorque required to tighten a bolt to a level of stress as given in table 1 (designated by M A ).3.4 Breakaway torqueTorque measured at the moment when the relative motion between test nut and bolt is detected in both stressed and unstressed assemblies (designated by M LB ).3.5 Loosening torqueTorque measured after the breakaway point when unscrewing adhesive-coated bolts (designated by M out ).4 Dimensions and designation4.1 Standard coatingUnless otherwise specified, the coating shall cover a zone, measured from the bolt end, of length equal to 1,5 d ± 2 P *). The first two or three turns of thread should be free from coating material to facilitate bolting.Adhesive residue in these turns is permitted unless this adversely affects bolting.d Nominal thread diameter1) Zone to be covered by the coating.2) Two or three turns of thread left uncoated.Figure 1: Length and position of coated zone on bolts with standard coating4.2 Non-standard coatingFor lengths of engagement exceeding 1 d and property classes below 8.8, and for bolts with head of reduced strength, the length of coated zone is to be specified (as a function of the property class) to ease disassembly. The correct length and position of the coated zone is to be established by testing, where necessary.In the case of bolt/nut assemblies, the length and position of the coated zone shall be selected so that it is in complete contact with the nut thread.*) P = pitch.--``,``,`,``,``,`````,,,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 3DIN 267-27: 2004-01If, for design reasons, a different length, l b, or distance from the bolt end, a, of the coated zone is required (cf. figure 2), both dimensions shall be indicated in the standard designation (cf. subclause 4.3), with l b being given a tolerance equal to ± 2 P.l b Length of coated zonea Distance of coated zone from bolt endFigure 2: Length and position of coated zone on bolts with non-standard coating4.3 DesignationThe designation of adhesive-coated bolts conforming to this standard shall include the following items, given in the order below:a) symbol ‘MK’ to indicate that no special requirements regarding the coefficient of friction are specified,or symbol ‘MKL’ to denote a specific coefficient of friction.b) service temperature (for bolts suitable for use at temperatures up to 150 °C);c) values of l b × a, in mm, where appropriate.Examples of designationEXAMPLE 1:Designation of an M 12 steel bolt (M 12), with a nominal length, l, of 80 mm (80), of property class 8.8 (8.8), provided with an adhesive coating for which no special requirements regarding the coefficient of friction are specified (MK):Bolt DIN... – M 12 × 80 – 8.8 – MKEXAMPLE 2:Designation of an M 12 steel bolt (M 12), with a nominal length, l, of 80 mm (80), with long dog point (LD) as in DIN EN ISO 4753, of property class 8.8 (8.8), provided with an adhesive coating with a specific range of friction coefficients (MKL), with a length, l b, of 30 mm and a distance from bolt end, a, of 10 mm (30 × 10): Bolt DIN... – M 12 × 80 – LD – 8.8 – MKL – 30 × 10EXAMPLE 3:Designation of an M 12 steel bolt (M 12), with a nominal length, l, of 80 mm, with long dog point (LD) as in DIN EN ISO 4753, of property class 8.8 (8.8), provided with an adhesive coating with a specific range of friction coefficients (MKL), for use at temperatures up to 150 °C (150), with a length, l b, of 30 mm and a distance from bolt end, a, of 10 mm (30 × 10):Bolt DIN... – M 12 × 80 – LD – 8.8 – MKL – 150 – 30 × 105 Requirements5.1 GeneralFor standard designs of fasteners, the requirements specified in subclause 5.2.1 for ambient temperature and service temperatures up to 100 °C, and those specified in subclauses 5.4 and 5.5 shall be complied with. Any additional requirements, such as those specified in subclause 5.2.1 for service temperatures up to 150 °C and those specified in subclause 5.3, shall be met if so agreed at the time of ordering.5.2 Torques and torque ratios5.2.1 Requirements for bolts when tightenedWhen bolts are tested in accordance with subclause 6.2.1, the requirements for the M LB/M A ratio and M out specified in table 1 shall be complied with.Page 4DIN 267-27: 2004-01Table 1: Torques and torque ratios at ambient temperatureand at temperatures of 100 °C and 150 °C (bolt tightened)Thread size Tightening torque, M A1), inNm, for bolts ofproperty classMinimum breakaway torque,M LB = 0,9 · M A, in Nm, forbolts ofproperty classMinimumM LB/M AratioMaximumloosen-ing torque,M out,in Nm5.6 5.88.8 10.9 12.9 5.6 5.88.8 10.9 12.9M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6M 8 M 10M 8 × 1M 10 × 1,250,61,32,64,511221,22,85,59,523460,541,22,34,19,919,81,12,55,08,620,741,40,90,90,90,90,90,91,53,06,5102655M 12 M 14 M 16M 12 × 1,25, M 12 × 1,5M 14 × 1,5M 16 × 1,53860907912519534,2548171,1112,5175,50,90,90,995160250M 18 M 20 M 22M 18 × 1,5, M 18 × 2M 20 × 1,5, M 20 × 2M 22 × 1,5, M 22 × 21281762402803905301151582162523514770,90,90,9335500800M 24 M 27 M 30M 24 × 2M 27 × 2M 30 × 23104606206701 0001 3502794145586039001 2150,90,90,91 0501 3001 700M 33 M 36 M 39M 33 × 2M 36 × 3M 39 × 38251 1001 4001 8502 3503 0007429901 2601 6652 1152 7000,90,90,92 4003 0004 000For lengths of coated zone smaller than 0,8 d, M LB may be lower.1) M A has been determined on the basis of an overall coefficient of friction, µges, of 0,12, assuming a 90 % utilization ofthe minimum yield stress (property classes 5,6 and 5.8) or 0,2 % proof stress (property classes 8.8, 10.9 and 12.9) for the relevant lowest property class.5.2.2 Requirements for bolts when untightenedTesting with bolts untightened is not required for standard design fasteners, but may be carried out as part of factory production control.When bolts are tested in accordance with subclause 6.2.2, the requirements for M LB and M out specified in table 2 shall be complied with.5.3 Coefficient of frictionIf an adhesive-coated bolt with a specific range of friction coefficients is required, the coefficient of the thread shall lie between 0,10 and 0,16 when tested in accordance with subclause 6.3.NOTE: For adhesive-coated bolts for which no particular requirements regarding the coefficient of friction are specified, this coefficient will generally be higher, which results in a lower achievable stress in the bolt/nut assembly when tightening the bolt.5.4 Corrosion resistanceWhen bolts are tested in accordance with subclause 6.4, the requirements specified in table 1 shall be com-plied with.--``,``,`,``,``,`````,,,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 5DIN 267-27: 2004-01Table 2: Torques at ambient temperature and at temperaturesof 100 °C and 150 °C (bolt untightened)Thread sizeTorques, in NmM in M LB M out Max.Min.Max.M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6M 8 M 10M 8 × 1M 10 × 1,250,20,411,535,50,20,411,84101,53,06,5102655M 12 M 14 M 16M 12 × 1,25, M 12 × 1,5M 14 × 1,5M 16 × 1,57,5111416223595160250M 18 M 20 M 22M 18 × 1,5, M 18 × 2M 20 × 1,5, M 20 × 2M 22 × 1,5, M 22 × 2192230404565335500800M 24 M 27 M 30M 24 × 2M 27 × 2M 30 × 2364249901201651 0501 3001 700M 33 M 36 M 39M 33 × 2M 36 × 3M 39 × 35560702102803302 4003 0004 0005.5 Thermal stabilityWhen bolts are tested in accordance with subclause 6.5, the requirements specified in table 2 shall be com-plied with.6 Testing6.1 GeneralExcept for the test described in subclause 6.2.2, all tests specified in subclauses 6.2 to 6.5 are to be carried out as part of type testing (cf. subclause 5.1).6.2 Determination of breakaway torques, loosening torques and torque ratios6.2.1 Testing with bolt tightenedThe test assembly shall be as shown in figure 3 or 4. The bolt to be tested shall be passed through a washer conforming to DIN EN ISO 7089, free from grease, with a minimum hardness of 200 HV, and a bright finish, and either through two distance blocks (cf. figure 3) or a spacer sleeve (cf. figure 4), and tightened by screwing into a nut at a rate of 30 min–1, until the relevant M A value is reached. The thickness of the blocks or spacer sleeve shall be selected so that the nut thread is in complete contact with the coated zone. For tests at a temperature of 100 °C or 150 °C, the assembly shown in figure 4 should be used, with washers as in DIN EN ISO 7089.Page 6DIN 267-27: 2004-01d and a hardness exceeding 35 HRC5 Nut as in DIN EN ISO 4032 and DIN EN ISO 8673Figure 4: Test assembly with spacer sleeveAfter a cure time of 24 hours at (23 ± 5) °C, the test assembly shall be disassembled by unscrewing the bolt from the nut at a maximum rate of 30 min-1. The breakaway and loosening torques shall be measured and the ratio between them determined. When using the test assembly with spacer sleeve, either the bolt or the nut may be turned.For tests at elevated temperatures, the bolts shall be exposed to the relevant test temperature for three hours and then tested within ten seconds following removal from the oven.6.2.2 Testing with bolt untightenedThe bolt to be tested shall be screwed into a nut at a maximum rate of 30 min–1 so that the nut thread is in complete contact with the coated zone, and the maximum screw-in torque, M in, shall be measured.After a cure time of 24 hours at (23 ± 5) °C, the test assembly shall be disassembled by unscrewing the bolt from the nut at a maximum rate of 30 min–1, and the breakaway and loosening torques shall be measured.--``,``,`,``,``,`````,,,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 7DIN 267-27: 2004-01For tests at elevated temperatures, the bolts shall be exposed to the relevant test temperature for three hours and then tested within ten seconds following removal from the oven.6.3 Determining the coefficient of frictionThe bolt to be tested shall be screwed into a nut at a maximum rate of 30 m–1 until the stress reaches a level equal to 90 % of the yield stress for property class 5.6 or 8.8 bolts, and the coefficient of friction at this point determined as specified in DIN 946.6.4 Testing for corrosion resistanceThe resistance of bolts to the action of corrosive media shall be tested as follows.A test assembly shall be left to cure for 24 hours at (23 ± 5) °C and then conditioned at a given temperature in a given test medium for one week, conditioning temperatures and test media being as follows:a) general purpose oils, lubricants and hydraulic oils: 120 °C;b) fuels: ambient temperature;c) refrigerants, water and glycol: 90 °C;d) brake fluid: 90 °C.Other media and conditioning temperatures shall be the subject of agreement.After conditioning, it shall be checked whether the requirements specified in table 1 are complied with.6.5 Determining the thermal stabilityA test assembly (with the bolt untightened) shall be left to cure for 72 hours and subjected to the test tempera-ture (100 °C or 150 °C ) for 1 000 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature it shall be checked whether the requirements specified in table 2 are complied with.6.6 Test equipment6.6.1 TorquemeterFor torque measurement, a torquemeter, accurate to within 2 % of the upper limit of the given torque range, shall be used.In cases of arbitration, the device shall be chosen so that all values can be read off in the upper half of the measuring range.6.6.2 Test nutFor bolts with coarse pitch thread, a nut as in DIN EN ISO 4032, and for bolts with fine pitch thread, a nut as in DIN EN ISO 8673 shall be used.The nut shall meet the following requirements.a) The property class shall at least be equal to that of the bolt.b) The thread surface shall be bright or blackened.c) The thread of the nut shall be free from oil, grease, and burrs.Test nuts shall be used once only.6.6.3 OvenFor thermal stability tests, an oven of accuracy class 2 as specified in DIN 50011-12 shall be used.6.6.4 Device for determining the coefficient of frictionThe device used to determine the coefficient of friction shall be as specified in DIN 946.7 Instructions for use7.1 Service temperatureAdhesive-coated bolts are normally designed for use at temperatures ranging from –50 °C to + 100 °C and, in special applications, up to 150 °C.7.2 Bolts with additional, friction-reducing coatingsBolts with an additional coating designed to reduce friction shall meet the requirements specified in tables 1 and 2. Where such coatings have been subsequently applied, requirements shall be the subject of agreement, it being of no relevance whether the coating has been applied before or after coating with adhesive.--``,``,`,``,``,`````,,,,,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---Page 8DIN 267-27: 2004-017.3 Sealing functionAdhesive coatings are not only designed to secure bolt/nut assemblies, but may also have a certain sealing effect. Details for requirements and testing are subject to agreement.7.4 Bolt/nut assembly7.4.1 Nut threadThere are no special requirements with regard to the surface roughness of the nut thread surface. The thread, however, must be free from silicone, molybdenum disulfide and similar separating fluids. Nuts shall be free from burrs. Coated bolts shall not be used together with nuts and threaded holes without a countersunk. NOTE: In cases where the thread is not free from oil or grease, a lower breakaway torque is to be expected. 7.4.2 Tightening procedureTightening of the bolt and, where required, checking of the tightening torque shall be completed within five minutes, since by this time the bonding property of the adhesive will be starting to take full effect. Any other requirements shall be the subject of agreement.NOTE: It should be noted that, at temperatures below 0 °C, curing will take place more slowly.7.5 DisassemblyBolts with a slotted head, hexagon socket thin head cap screws assigned to a property class less than 8.8, and bolts with a head of reduced strength might not be capable of being unscrewed once the adhesive has cured (cf. subclause 4.2).7.6 Re-use of boltsAlthough adhesive-coated bolts are designed for single use only (i.e. on disassembly and reassembly a new bolt is to be used), nuts may be re-used if their thread is cleaned (with a tap). The use of a new nut should be given preference, however.8 Condition on deliveryAdhesive-coated bolts shall be free from oil or grease, any other surface finish being subject to agreement.9 StorageAdhesive-coated bolts shall be protected against moisture, and be stored so that their properties (when test-ed) are maintained for at least four years.Changes in the colour of the coating may be disregarded as long as the properties of bolts (when tested) re-main unaffected.。
BS 4395-1 1969 HSFG bolts
6
3.6 Marking
6
4 Washers
4.1 Material
9
4.2 Heat treatment
9
4.3 Hardness tests
9
4.4 General test requirements
9
4.5 Dimensions and tolerances
9
4.6 Finish
9
4.7 Marking
19
Figure 1 — Chamfering, facing and marking of bolts
3
Figure 2 — Hexagon bolts
5
Figure 3 — Marking of nuts
7
Figure 4 — Hexagon nut
8
Figure 5 — Flat round washer
Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2
Part 1: General Grade
UDC 621.882:624.014.2:693.8
BS 4395-1:1969
Co-operating organizations
The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations:
机械专业英语(第三版)第4章
Unit 4
1．Carbon steels (1) Low carbon steel containing from 0.05 to 0.15 percent carbon; this steel is also known as machine steel. (2) Medium carbon steel containing from 0.15 to 0.60 percent carbon. (3) High carbon steel containing from 0.6 to 1.50 percent carbon; this steel is sometimes called “tool steel”.
Unit 4
High carbon steels may be hardened by heating it to a certain temperature and then quickly cooling in water. The more carbon the steels contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder it becomes. Because of its high strength and hardness this grade of steel may be used for tools and working parts of machines.
Unit 4
Unit 4
TEXT LEARN TO SPEAK NEW WORDS AND PHRASES NOTES EXERCISES READING MATERIAL PROFESSIONAL WORDS AND PHRASESຫໍສະໝຸດ Unit 4TEXT
紧固件-中英文对照
紧固件-中英文对照No.英文单词简写中文1screw scr 螺丝2nut nut 螺母3washer wash 垫圈4head hd 头5thread thre 螺纹6coati ng coat 镀层7rivet riv 铆钉8sta ndoff stdoff 内外六角钉9driver driv 穴10hexag on hexa 六角11tooth tooth 齿12lock lek 锁13spring spr 弹簧14wave wave 波浪型15pitch pitch 牙距16partial thread PT 半螺纹17PT PT 一种螺纹形式18Full Thread FT 全螺纹19silver silv 银20cone cone 锥形21Eco-syn Eco 30 度牙的一种螺纹22Thread Formi ng TF 自攻螺纹23Self Tapp ing self tapp 自切屑螺纹24pin pin 销25shaft Shaf 轴26steel St 铁27stai nless steel SS 不锈钢28Brass(Cu) Bras(Cu) 铜29Alumi num AL 铝30Rubber Rub 橡胶31mach ine screw mech scr 机制螺丝32SEM screw SEM Scr 组合螺丝33Material material 材料34Grade GD 等级35Fi nish Fi nish 表面处理36Poi nt Poi nt 点37Clamp Clam 夹子38in ternal Int 内39exter nal ext 夕卜40thick ness / 厚度41len gth / 长度42hole / 孑L43Metric Metcric 公制44DIN /德标45ANSI / 美标46JIS /日标螺丝相关参数英语对照A: Mach ine Screw: 机械螺丝B: Tapping Screw:自攻螺丝（分使用于金属与使用于塑料二种）B-1: Sheet Metal Tapping Screw.（铁板牙自攻螺丝）B-2: Plastic Tapping Screw.（塑料用,自攻螺丝）C: Wooden Screw : 木工螺丝D: Drywall Screw : 水泥墙螺丝常见螺丝材质：a.Low Carbo n Steel : 低碳钢b.SS-304 : Stai nl ess Steel 304c.SS-302: Stai nless Steel 302 : 结构韧性较好d.Aluminum 5052 : 铝合金5052d.Brass:黄铜’e.Bron ze: 青铜’f.UNS C11000 Copper: 锑铜Fi nish Code: 外观处理规格Head Code:头部外型螺丝型号Drive Code:头部剖沟,特征型号Length Code:螺丝长度（mm）A-1: Thread Code: 螺丝型号A-2: Length Code: 螺丝长度:A-3: Drive Code/ 头部剖沟,特征.a.Slotted: 一字（Minus ）b.Phillips: 十字（Plus ）c.Phil-Slot: 一字/ 十字d.Hex Scoket: 内六角e.One Way:单向（只可锁入，不可退出）A-4: Head Code/ 头部外型.a.Flat:平头（锁入后,顶部与工作件齐平）b.Oval:色拉头c.Rou nd:圆头d.Pa n:圆扁头e.Truss:大圆扁头f.Hex :六角头A-5: Finish Code/ 外观处理.a.Z:乙n e-Plated: 镀锌b.Ni: Ni-Plated: 镀镍c.Tin-Plated:镀锡d.Zine Plated / Green Iridite: 镀锌绿膜处理.e.Radia nt Plated: 镀五彩f.Passivate: 抗氧化处理.g.Alodial Fi nish: 无外观处理螺纹大径：Major Diam螺纹中径：Pitch diam 螺纹底径：Minor diam 通止规：Go/No go gage 机械性能: mechanical and physicalproperties un ified thread 统一英制螺纹Lustrate hydroge n after galva nizing to avoid hydroge n embrittleme nt 镀后去氢，防止氢脆Case carburizati on 表面渗碳With across flats 对边With across corners 对角Radius of fillet: 头下圆角Tran siti on thread len gth 过度螺纹Wren chi ng height 扳拧高度Rockwell 铬氏硬度Vickers维氏硬度Brin ell布氏硬度Metallography microscope 金相显微镜Salt spray device 盐雾试验箱Ten sile testi ng mach ine 拉力试验机Cold formi ng 冷打Hot forgi ng 红镦P C 8 = property class 8 机械性能8 级原材料：Raw material 球化退火：Annealing 冷拔：Drawing 冷镦：Forming 机加工：Machi ning 螺纹成型：Roll Threadi ng 热处理：heat-treatme nt 表面处理：finish 去氢：Lustrating hydrogen 检验：Inspection 包装：Packing 入库：Stocking 车床：lathe 磨制：grinding红打：hot forging 冲压：pun chi ng Diameter 直径Len gth 长度各类紧固件标准件产品英语翻译对照插片壁虎Steel Ceiling Anchors内迫壁虎Drop in Anchors碳钢锤钉壁虎Steel Hit An chors碳钢六角螺帽Steel Hex Coupli ng Nuts 强力车修壁虎Wedge An chors 外迫壁虎Cut Anchors 化学壁虎Chemical Anchors 不锈钢重载胀栓Heavy Duty Expansion An chors鱼眼壁虎企眼长螺帽Tie Wire Anchors 锌合金打入式壁虎Hammer Drive An chors 弹簧螺帽Strut Nuts 兰花夹系列Toggle Bolts (Spring Toggle & Gravity Toggle)门窗、地板专用壁虎Nylon Frame Anchors or Metalframe An chors石膏板中空壁虎 Hollow Wall A nchors 套管式壁虎Sleeve Anchors 打入式壁虎鱼形尼龙壁虎NylonHarmmer Fixi ng (Nyl on Hammer An chors) 强力式锤钉壁虎 Hit An chors电梯壁虎Bolt Anchors 重载壁虎 Heavy dutyanchors 两片夹 Lox in Masonry An chors 定位螺栓 Set Bolts 长型兰花夹 Short Strap Anchors 工具棒 Drop in Setting Tools 象脚壁虎 Elephant footanchors 水泥预埋件 Concrete Insert 翻边胀轴 Drop in Anchor with Lip 冲件 Legs Drywall Anchors 六角盖头螺帽Hex Cap Nuts 六角锯齿螺帽 Hex Serrated Nuts 六角轮缘螺帽 Hex Fla nge Nuts 高脚螺帽 Hex Coupling Nuts(High Nuts) 圆螺帽Round Nuts四角螺帽Square Nuts管用螺帽Pipe Nuts 轮壳螺帽Wheel Nuts 蝶型螺帽Wing Nuts U 形螺帽U Nuts T 形螺帽T Nuts 环首螺帽Eye Nuts 齿形螺帽Kep Nuts 齿花螺帽Clinch Nuts 耐候钢六角重型螺帽 Corten Steel Heavy Hex Nuts 焊接螺帽Weld Nuts高张力螺帽 Heigh Strength Nuts 建业用螺帽Structural Nuts 不锈钢螺帽 Sta in less Steel Nuts 铜螺帽Brass Nuts 铝螺帽 Aluminum Nuts 合金钢螺FrameDrive帽Alloy Steel Nuts 重型车螺帽Heavy Duty Wheel Hub Nuts 铁器焊接袋帽Acorn Cap Nuts 金属预置扭矩式螺帽All-Metal Prevaili ng Torque Type Nuts 壁虎螺帽Anchor Nuts大尺寸螺帽Big Size Nuts铁盖袋帽Closed End Acorn Nuts 盘形华司螺帽Con ical Washer Nuts 铁盖+尼龙圈组合盖帽Din 986 Domed CapNuts突缘尼龙盖帽Flange Nylon Insert Lock Nuts平面华司螺帽Flat Waser Nuts 六角割沟螺帽Hex Slotted Nut 自锁螺帽Self-Locking Nuts 制止螺帽Sliding NutsSin-自动防松螺帽Sln Self-Locking Nuts 其它特殊螺帽Special Nuts 弹簧螺帽Spring Nuts不锈钢突缘螺帽Sta in less Steel Fla nge Nuts 不锈钢六角轮缘尼龙螺帽Stainless Steel Fla nge Nylon In sert Lock Nuts不锈钢六角重型螺帽Stainless Steel HeavyHex Nuts不锈钢六角螺帽Stai nl ess Steel Hex Nuts 不锈钢尼龙嵌入螺帽Stainless Steel NylonIn sert Lock Nuts普通六角螺帽Hex Nuts 六角重型螺帽Heavy Hex Nuts 薄型螺帽Hex Jam Nuts 尼龙嵌入防松螺帽Nyl on In sert Lock Nuts 机械螺丝用六角螺帽Hex Machi ne Screw Nut 六角螺丝(栓)Hex Head Cap Screws(Hex Bolts) 六角机械螺丝Hex Head Mach ine Bolts 六角木牙螺丝Hex Lag Bolts 四角螺丝Square Head BoltsT 头螺丝T Head Bolts 马车螺丝Carriage Bolts 环首螺丝Eye Bolts 内六角孔螺丝Hex Socket Cap Screws 固定螺丝Set Screws 螺椿栓Stud Bolts 螺旋椿Screw Studs 轮壳螺栓Wheel Bolts 翼形螺丝Wing Screws 自攻螺丝Self Tapping Screws 自削螺丝Thread Cutting Screws 钻尾螺丝Self Drilling Screws旋入螺丝Drive Screws机械螺丝Machine Screws木螺丝Wood Screws家具螺丝Furniture Screws塑板螺丝Chipboard Screws墙用螺丝Drywall Screws基础螺栓Foundation BoltsU型螺栓U Bolts勾头螺栓Hook Bolts 套挂螺丝Toggle Bolts 突缘螺丝Flange Bolts 轨道螺栓（鱼尾螺丝）Track Bolts 耐候钢螺丝Corten Steel Heavy Hex Bolts 扭矩控制螺栓T.C.Bolts 高张力螺栓High Strength Bolts 剪力钉（焊接螺丝）Welding Studs 螺丝附华司组合Screws And Washers Assembled（Sems）大尺寸螺栓Big Size Bolts 不锈钢小螺丝Stainless Steel Sheet MetalScrews不锈钢大螺丝Stai nless Steel Bolts铜螺丝Brass Screws 铝螺丝Aluminum Screws 合金钢螺丝Alloy Steel Screws 电子螺丝Electronic Screws 微小精密螺丝Micro Screws 塑料螺丝Plastic Screws 复合材料用螺丝Particle Board Screws 钛合金螺丝Titanium Alloy Bolts 钛、锆、钼、铌等螺丝、零件、材料Ti,Zr,Mo,Nb Pare Metal Bolts Parts 拇指螺丝Thumb Screws 双头牙螺丝Double End Screws Han ger Bolt 车辆（汽车）螺丝、螺帽Automotive Fasteners 航天用螺丝Aerospace Fasteners 飞机特殊扣件Source Co ntrol Bolts 拉栓Blind Bolts 面板螺丝Pan el Faste ners 电梯螺丝Elevator Bolts 四角头固定螺丝Square Set Screws 大头马车螺丝Step Bolts 单向螺丝One Way Lag Screws 管夹螺丝Hose Clamp Screws不锈钢固定螺丝Stainless Steel Hex Socket Cap Screws不锈钢内六角螺丝Sta in less Steel Hex Socket Cap Screws 铰链螺丝Hinge Screws 货柜螺丝Container Screws复合材料钻尾螺丝Bi-Metal Self Drilli ng Screws 三角牙螺丝Trilobular Thread Screws高低牙螺丝High Low Screws夹板用螺丝Particle Board Screws 马桶螺丝Toilet Closet Bolts 特长螺丝Special Lon ger Screws 建业螺丝Building Fasteners 不锈钢六角螺丝Stainless Steel Hex Socket Cap Screws其它特殊螺丝Special Screws Or Bolts 不锈钢特殊螺丝Special Stainless Steel Screws宽牙螺丝（粗牙螺丝）Coarse Thread Screws 链带螺丝Collated Screws 水泥螺丝Concrete Screws板模螺丝Construction Bolts锌蝶螺丝Die Cast Wing Screws;乙nc Alloy 重型车螺丝Heavy Duty Wheel Hub Bolts 内六角固定螺丝Hex Socket Set Screws 复合材料用螺丝(夹板用)Particle Board Screws犁壁螺丝Plow Bolts不锈钢木螺丝Stai nl ess Steel Wood Screws套挂螺栓及螺丝Toggle Bolts钛合金膨胀螺丝Tita nium Alloy Expa nsion Bolts六角盖头螺帽Hex Cap Nuts六角锯齿螺帽Hex Serrated Nuts六角轮缘螺帽Hex Fla nge Nuts高脚螺帽Hex Coupling Nuts(High Nuts)圆螺帽Round Nuts四角螺帽Square Nuts管用螺帽Pipe Nuts轮壳螺帽Wheel Nuts蝶型螺帽Wing NutsU形螺帽U NutsT形螺帽T Nuts 环首螺帽Eye Nuts 齿形螺帽Kep Nuts 齿花螺帽Clinch Nuts 耐候钢六角重型螺帽Corten Steel Heavy Hex Nuts焊接螺帽Weld Nuts高张力螺帽Heigh Strength Nuts 建业用螺帽Structural Nuts 不锈钢螺帽Sta in less Steel Nuts 铜螺帽Brass Nuts 铝螺帽Aluminum Nuts 合金钢螺帽Alloy Steel Nuts 重型车螺帽Heavy Duty Wheel Hub Nuts 铁器焊接袋帽Acorn Cap Nuts 金属预置扭矩式螺帽All-Metal Prevaili ng Torque Type Nuts 壁虎螺帽Anchor Nuts 大尺寸螺帽Big Size Nuts 铁盖袋帽Closed End Acorn Nuts 盘形华司螺帽Con ical Washer Nuts 铁盖+尼龙圈组合盖帽Din 986 Domed CapNuts突缘尼龙盖帽Flange Nylon Insert Lock Nuts平面华司螺帽Flat Waser Nuts 六角割沟螺帽Hex Slotted Nut 自锁螺帽Self-Locking Nuts 制止螺帽Sliding NutsSin-自动防松螺帽Sin Self-Locking Nuts 其它特殊螺帽Special Nuts 弹簧螺帽Spring Nuts不锈钢突缘螺帽Sta in less Steel Fla nge Nuts 不锈钢六角轮缘尼龙螺帽Stainless Steel Fla nge Nylon In sert Lock Nuts不锈钢六角重型螺帽Stainless Steel HeavyHex Nuts不锈钢六角螺帽Stai nl ess Steel Hex Nuts 不锈钢尼龙嵌入螺帽Stainless Steel NylonInsert Lock Nuts锌压属螺帽Zinc Die Casting Nuts 普通六角螺帽Hex Nuts 六角重型螺帽Heavy Hex Nuts薄型螺帽Hex Jam Nuts 尼龙嵌入防松螺帽Nyl on In sert Lock Nuts 机械螺丝用六角螺帽Hex Machi ne Screw Nut合金钢线材盘元Alloy Steel Wire Rod球状化线材Annealing Wire And Rod 黑铁丝Black Wire黄铜棒线Brass Wire And Rod磨光棒钢Bright SteelBar(Hex/Rou nd/Square)铜合金线Copper Alloy Wire线切割线 E.D.M Cutting Wire快削钢线材盘元Free Cutti ng Steel Wire Rod 线材Iron Or Steel Wire线材盘元Iron Or Steel Wire Rod洋白铜线Nickel Silver Wire磷青铜线Phosphate Bronze Wire不锈钢条棒Stai nl ess Steel Bar(Rou nd/Hex/Square)不锈钢冷锻线材Stainless Steel Cold Headi ng Wire不锈钢线(抽线后)Stainless Steel Draw Wire 不锈钢线材Stainless Steel Wire不锈钢线材及盘元Stainless Steel Wire And Rod 棒钢Steel Bar(Hex/Round/Square) 转回90 度碾线头机90 讧evolving Wire Twist ing Machi ne 气动拉钉机Air Riveter 各式螺丝类产品自动包装Automatic Packagi ng For All Kinds Of Packagi ng 自动包装机Automatic Packing Machine 螺丝制造搓牙机械Automatic Thread Rolli ng Machi ne 螺丝割尾加工机械Automatic Thread Slotti ng Machi ne 螺丝制造成型机械AutomaticTrimmi ng Machi ne 拉钉打头机Blind Rivet Heading Machine 螺丝、螺帽成型机Bolt Formers,NutsFormers,Headers 螺丝、螺帽热处理Bolt Nut And Screws Heat Treatme nt 螺丝、螺帽热处理炉BoltNut And ScrewsHeat Treatme nt Fur naces 球状化电器炖炉Carburizing FurnaceVacuum And Bell Type Fur nace超防锈复合瓷膜Ceramic Coati ng连续式光辉渗碳淬火炉Co ntin uous Bright Carburiz ing Quenching Fur nace连续式光辉调质淬火炉Co ntin uous Bright Harde ning Quenching Fur nace中、高热镀锌光辉连续炉Co ntin uous Bright Heat Treat Furn ace连续式光辉热处理炉Con ti nuous TypeBright Heat Treatme nt Fur nace螺丝割尾及特殊割遘加工Machine ScrewShank Slotti ng螺丝钻孔加工Screw Sha nk Drilli ng鸡眼上下模Eyelets Dies一般线材、盘元、退火炉Ge neral Wire,Wire Rod,A nn eali ng Fur nace倒立式滑落型伸线机Handstand Type WireDrawi ng Machi ne十字冲模Header Punches In Various Drives 成型冲模Header Punches In Various Drives 螺丝打头机Heading Machine螺丝制造高速搓牙机械High SpeedAutomatic Thread Rolli ng Machi ne高中低周波感应加热炉High,Medium丄ow Freque ncy In ducti on Heater空心打头机Hollow Heading Machine 热浸镀锌螺丝、螺帽Hot Dip Galvanizing Bolts And Nuts机械镀锌Mechanical Galvanized迷你成型机Mini-Formers成品自动收线机No n-Stop Coiler精抽自动收线机Non-Stop Coiler(Ski n pass) 螺帽模Nut Forming Dies 螺帽成型模Nuts Formers特殊零件成型机Parts Formi ng Machi ng冲模Punch Dies冲子Pu nch Pi ns罗拉成型机Rollers Formers机(踏)车用螺丝成型机Screw For MotorcycleOr Bicycle Headi ng Mach ine止付螺丝成型机Set Screws Formers套高成型机Sockets Formers一般线材、盘元、螺丝合金炖炉SpheroidizingBright Ann eali ng Fur nace 球状化热处理炉Spheroidizing Heat Treatme nt Furn ace 攻牙机Tapping Machine螺丝攻、车刀、模具Taps Dies And Tools 搓牙机铁屑分离装置Thread Chip Separator 滚牙轮Thread Rolli ng Dies 牙板Thread Rolli ng Dies Plates 精密油压滚牙机Hydraulic Thread Rolli ng Machi nes 模具Tools 六角整头模Trimming Dies Hexagan 碳化钨模具Tungsten Carbide Die 镀钛处理（Tin）专业加工服务Tin Hard Coati ng For Cutti ng Tools And Punch By Pvd 电镀化学原料VariousElectroplating Chemicals 环规校正Calibration For Ring Gage 环规、牙规、三线规校正Calibration For Ring Gage, Athread Gage, 3 Wire Gage 螺丝、螺帽品检量测仪器Fasteners In specti on And Measureme nt In strume nts螺丝、螺帽成型攻牙专用油Forming And Tapp ing Oils For Bolts And Nuts Formers 螺丝、螺帽五金等检验In sptection Services For Faste ners And Hardware德国schatz 扭力机代理Representative OfSchatz Torque Mach inIso 品质保证系统Iso Quality Assuranee System生产管理系统Production Con trol System 物料管理系统Material Control System齿轮Gears不锈钢牙条棒Stai nless Steel Hread Rod 马达轴承轴心组件Beari ng Shaft(Motor) 轴承轴心Bearing Shaft 开口铆钉Blind Rivets 长形拉帽Blind Rivet Nuts 拉帽Blind Nuts 拉钉Blind Rivets实心梢Clevis Pins And Straight Pi ns 弹片Clips 卷钉Coil Nails冷锻零件Cold Forming Part开口销Cotter Pi nsE 型环E-Rings膨胀螺栓Expansion Anchor Bolts 鸡眼钉Eyelets RivetsR 型销Sn ap Pi ns闸、锁Latches And Keeper Assembleds 其它特殊铆钉Other Specil Rivets 销Pins格式管夹、管束Pipe Ha nger铆钉Rivets螺旋锔及螺旋圈Screw Hook AndScrew Rin gs中空钉Semi-Tubular Rivet 开叉钉Split Drive Anchors 弹簧华司Spring Washers 弹簧蝴蝶夹Spring Wings 不锈钢华司Stainlesssteel Washers 钢铁钉Steel A nd Iron Nails 搓牙铁钉Thread Nails 钛合金铆钉Titaium Alloy Rivets 管形铆钉Tubular Rivets华司Washers真空热处理Vacuum Heat Treatment 螺丝、螺帽、五金、Diy扣件Fasteners 合金钢工具Alloy Steel Tools 螺栓模Bolt Heading Dies 手动拉钉钳Hand Riveter 船舶链Anchor Chain脚踏车链锁Bicycle Chain Locks螺丝起子Bit罗拉Chain Roller特殊铆合扣件Collars(A Bli ndfaste ner For Huck Intl)装饰链Decorative Chai ns自攻螺纹衬套En sat Threaded In serts 六角扳手Hexagon Keys超音螺纹压入式螺纹自动锁扣ThreadedInserts For Plastic Injection Mouldeings 汽车特殊杆接件Special Auto-Mobile Faste ner As Your Needs 螺纹护套Recoil Inserts链条用滚子Roller For Roller Cha in金属板镶嵌组件及自动夹扣组件Sheet Metal Faste ners工具套筒组件Socket Wrench Sets 不锈钢链Stai nl ess Steel Chai ns 轭子T-Yoke轮胎链Tire Chai ns狗链Dog Cha ins喇叭头轭铁U-Yoke,T-Yoke For Speaker不锈钢输送带轮用轨道Stainless Wheel's Rack For Tran sporter工业用链In dustrial Steel Link Chai ns 拖链安全链Tow Chai ns And Safety Chai ns 机车离合器零件Manufacture Of Motorcycle's Cvt Parts牙条棒Thread Rod机（踏）车用螺丝、轴心Screws And Shafts For Motorcycle Or Bicycle针车用螺丝、轴心Screws And Shafts ForSewing Mach ing止付螺丝Socket Set Screws不锈钢宽牙螺丝Stainless Steel Coarse Thread Screws不锈钢高低牙螺丝Stainless Steel High-Low Thread Screws不锈钢机械螺丝Stainless Steel Machine Screws不锈钢钻尾螺丝Sta in less Steel Self Drilli ng Screws不锈钢自攻螺丝Stai nl ess Steel Self Tappi ng Screws不锈钢自削螺丝Stainless Steel Thread Cutti ng Screws不锈钢三角牙螺丝Stai nl ess Steel Tri-Lobular Thread Screws。
标准件定义及分类
标准件定义及分类标准件是指结构、尺寸、画法、标记等各个方面已经完全标准化，并由专业厂生产的常用的零（部）件，如螺纹件、键、销、滚动轴承等等。
广义包括标准化的紧固件、连结件、传动件、密封件、液压元件、气动元件、轴承、弹簧等机械零件。
狭义仅包括标准化紧固件。
国内俗称的标准件是标准紧固件的简称，是狭义概念，但不能排除广义概念的存在，。
此外还有行业标准件,如汽车标准件、模具标准件等，也属于广义标准件。
广义标准件广义标准件，是有明确标准的机械零（部）件和元件，使用标准主要有中国国家标准（GB ）、美国机械工程师协会标准（ANSI /ASME）等，其他日本（JIS）、德国（DIN）等标准也在世界上被广泛使用。
标准化程度高，行业通用性强的机械零部件和元件，也被称为通用件。
广义标准件包括紧固件、连结件、传动件、密封件、液压元件、气动元件、轴承、弹簧等，都有相应的国家标准，跨行业通用性强。
行业标准件，这概念属于行业内约定俗成的说法，并没有明确规定。
行业标准件常见的有模具标准件、汽车标准件等。
当一种产品在行业广泛通用，就是通用件；通用件标准通常由行业内领袖企业制订，并被行业内广泛接受，这样企业标准就成为事实上的行业标准，也就可以称作行业标准件了。
模具标准件，目前模具行业标准化程度较高，具体有注塑模架、推杆推管、热流道模具等。
汽车标准件，种类繁多，如火花塞、门锁，减震件、汽车紧固件等，具体见《汽车标准件手册》。
一个行业越成熟，标准化通用化程度越高，标准件就越多，行业成本就越低。
但要避免过度标准化，导致行业产品种类单调，竞争低端化。
广义标准件的种类连结件（也作：连接件）包括螺纹连结件（又称紧固件）和轴毂连结件、销连结件、铆接件、胶接件、焊接件等紧固件（见下）传动件带传动件链传动件齿轮传动件：包括渐开线圆柱齿轮、锥齿轮以及蜗杆等摩擦轮减速器无级变速器轴伸联轴器、离合器及液力耦合器气压传动件液压传动件……飞轮（类似传动件，实际是储能件）轴承滑动轴承滚动轴承弹簧圆柱弹簧碟形弹簧橡胶弹簧片弹簧环型弹簧等密封件类似品：这些零部件难以说是机械标准件，但标准化程度高、与机械行业相关性强；包括：润滑油、脂和润滑装置，起重搬运件和操作件（滑轮绳具等），电动机和行程开关，等等。
美国工业用紧固件学会紧固件标准目录(中英)
中文名称: 美国工业用紧固件学会
英文名称: Industrial Fasteners Institute
简介: IFI成立于1931年，原名为美国螺栓、螺母和铆钉制造商学会(American Institute of Bolt, Nut and Rivet Manufacturers)。
由北美螺栓、螺母、螺丝、铆钉及工业用各种特殊型号的紧固件制造商组成。
与国内和国际技术组织合作，共同制订紧固件标准和技术规程，确保用户以最低的装配成本实现最大的工程效益和可靠性。
紧固件和元件共有标准件500,000多个，特殊形式、尺寸的专用件3，000，000 多个。
出版《紧固件标准集》，这是机械紧固件用户的主要参考书。
书中收集了有关的标准，提供了所有各种形式通用商业工业紧固件的情况。
各行业的设计工程师和生产经理都使用这本标准集。
标准编号：标准代号IFI+三位数字例：IFI-153-2003 Stainless Steel Wire and Rods for Mechanical Fasteners 机械紧固件的不锈钢线和杆IFI通过其网站提供Technical Reference Books、Additional Reference Books、Information Papers、VCR Tapes、IFI Standards、Fastener Quality Act Compliance Guide等信息服务。
IFI第三版紧固件标准目录(米制)。
F1554中文
Designation: F 1554 – 07aStandard Specification forAnchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1554; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers straight and bent, headed and headless, carbon, carbon boron, alloy, or high-strength low-alloy steel anchor bolts (also known as anchor rods). The Anchor bolts are furnished in three strength grades, two thread classes, and in the sizes specified in Section 4.1.2 The anchor bolts are intended for anchoring structural supports to concrete foundations. Such structural supports include building columns, column supports for highway signs, street lighting and traffic signals, steel bearing plates, and similar applications.1.3 Supplementary requirements are included to provide for Grade 55 weldable steel，permanent manufacturers and grade identification, and impact properties for Grades 55 and 105.1.4 Zinc coating requirements are included in Section 7 for Applications requiring corrosion protection.1.5 The recommended grade and style of nut and washer are included in 6.6 and 6.7 for each grade.1.6 This specification does not cover the requirements for mechanical expansion anchors, powder-activated nails or studs, or anchor bolts fabricated from deformed bar.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:A 194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts forHigh-Pressure and High-Temperature Service3A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products4A 563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts5A 673/A673M Specification for Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural Steel6A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products4B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel7D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging8F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers5F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, and Rivets5F 2329 Specification for Zinc Coat. Hot-dip. Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy steel Bolts Screws. Washer. Nut, and Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washer, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fastener.设计规范：F 1554 – 99 本规范适用屈服强度为36，55和105ksi（248,380和725MPa）的锚栓本规范根据设计规范F 1554发布：规范里面数据是设计规范最初数据或者最近修改数据。
DIN946(中英文版)
版次 類號 規範
1991 DIN 946 DIN 946
This standard specifies a tightening test for determining the coefficient of friction of bolt∕nut assemblies under specified conditions. it is only applicable for comparison purposes, such as a comparison of assemblies with different surface finishes or for cases where different lubricants are used. 本標準規定一決定螺栓∕螺帽組裝下摩擦係數的鎖緊測試。它僅適用於比較的目的，例 如使用在不同表面條件或不同潤滑的比較。 Given the variety of boundary conditions in service （e.g. resilience of bolted components, finish of washers ）, the results of testing in accordance with this standard do not permit conclusions to be drawn as to the behaviour of bolt ∕nut assemblies in a particular application, e.g. where such assemblies form part of structural configurations. 在服務方面提供了邊界條件的變化(例如，螺栓構件的彈性，墊圈的成品狀況)。依據本標 準測試的結果不允許用來引伸在螺栓∕螺帽組裝在一特殊應用方面的性能狀態作推論。 例如，在建築結構零件的組裝。 Note. Besides the method of test described here, the coefficient of friction may also be determined by measuring the change in length of screw or bolt after application of a given tightening torque. 註. 除了在此所描述的測試方法以外，也可以由在一個給予的鎖緊扭矩的應用以後量測 螺絲或螺栓長度中的變化來決定摩擦的係數。 Parameters 參數 符號 d d2 d3 da max dh dw 英文名稱 nominal thread diameter bolt thread pitch diameter bolt thread minor diameter 中文名稱 公稱螺紋直徑 螺栓螺紋有效徑 螺栓螺紋谷徑
机械工程英语原文+翻译完整版
机械工程英语原文+翻译完整版第一单元Types of Materials材料的类型Materials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic (once living) and inorganic (never living) materials.材料可以按多种方法分类。
科学家常根据状态将材料分为：固体、液体或气体。
他们也把材料分为有机材料(曾经有生命的)和无机材料(从未有生命的)。
For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products.就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。
那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other materials used in the manufacturing process, which do not become part of the product.非工程材料则是化学品、燃料、润滑剂以及其它用于加工制造过程但不成为产品组成部分的材料。
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.工程材料还能进一步细分为：①金属材料②陶瓷材料③复合材料④聚合材料，等等。