英语论文怎么写教学案例
大学英语议论文写作教案

教学目标:1. 帮助学生了解议论文的基本结构和写作技巧。
2. 培养学生分析论点、论据和结论的能力。
3. 提高学生的英语写作水平和表达能力。
教学对象:大学英语一年级学生教学时长:2课时教学步骤:第一课时一、导入1. 引导学生回顾英语写作的基本类型,如叙述文、说明文和议论文。
2. 提问:为什么议论文在英语写作中很重要?二、议论文概述1. 讲解议论文的定义和特点,强调论点、论据和结论的重要性。
2. 分析优秀议论文的要素,如清晰的结构、有力的论据和合理的结论。
三、议论文结构分析1. 讲解议论文的基本结构:引言、主体和结论。
2. 引导学生分析引言部分,包括提出论点和吸引读者注意。
3. 讲解主体部分,包括论点和论据的阐述,以及反驳对方观点。
4. 讲解结论部分,强调重申论点和总结全文。
四、写作技巧1. 讲解如何选择合适的论题,提出明确的论点。
2. 讲解如何运用论据支持论点,包括事实、数据、例子等。
3. 讲解如何组织文章结构,使文章条理清晰、逻辑严密。
五、课堂练习1. 学生根据教师提供的论题,进行小组讨论,确定论点、论据和结论。
2. 每组学生轮流进行口头陈述,教师点评并给予指导。
第二课时一、复习上节课内容1. 回顾议论文的基本结构和写作技巧。
2. 提问:如何使议论文更具说服力?二、范文分析1. 展示一篇优秀议论文范文,引导学生分析其结构、论点和论据。
2. 讨论如何从范文中学到写作技巧。
三、写作实践1. 学生根据教师提供的论题,独立完成一篇议论文。
2. 教师巡回指导,帮助学生修改和完善文章。
四、学生互评1. 学生之间互相交换文章,进行互评。
2. 教师点评,指出文章的优点和不足,提出改进建议。
五、总结1. 回顾本节课的重点内容,强调议论文写作的重要性。
2. 布置课后作业,要求学生根据所学知识,完成一篇完整的议论文。
教学评价:1. 学生能否掌握议论文的基本结构和写作技巧。
2. 学生能否运用所学知识独立完成一篇议论文。
英语教学论文及案例分析

英语教学论文及案例分析第一篇:英语教学论文及案例分析如何巧妙设计英语课堂提问合适的课堂提问,是一门艺术,它往往能把学生带入一个奇妙的问题世界,使学生积极思考问题,寻求解决问题的途径和答案,从而培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,有效地提高英语课堂教学效率。
对于缺乏自制能力的学生来说,有效而恰当的提问,更能起到意想不到的作用。
下面是我结合自己的课堂教学,试着从几方面对如何有效恰当的课堂提问进行了探讨:一、注重提问的原则(一)启发思维的原则教师的提问,应富有启发性。
因为课堂提问本身不是目的,而是启发学生思维的手段。
不能为提问而提问、教师必须明确,提问不等于启发式,好的提问才是启发式提问,启发式提问重在所提问有价值和有意义,能够引导学生积极思考,发展其思维能力。
如:我讲授三——六年级英语提问时就不是很注重启发学生的思维,只是机械的训练学生的口语,回顾旧知。
所以今后的提问应该注意启发学生的思维,让学生形成良好的行为习惯。
(二)激发兴趣的原则学生学习的内在动力是学习兴趣,应此教师提问如果能激发学生的学习动机和兴趣,他们就有了学习的原动力,这是启发教学的关键。
为此,教师必须从教材和学生心理特点出发,引人入胜地、步步深入地提出富有趣味性、启发性的问题,用科学的、艺术的、生动的语言,吸引学生去积极思维。
(三)难易适度的原则课堂提问必须做到难易适度,尤其是难度较大的问题,一定要设计成一系列由浅入深,由旧导新、从易到难的小问题,使学生通过问题解答,逐步突破难点,把握要领,掌握规律。
如:我在教授五年级牛津英语的时候,刚开始上课时,我总是把低年级学的一些简单的常用语(How are you ?How old are you?)等来提问,让学生有些许成就感,继而不断提高难度引导学生回忆Which …句型,把本课时的重点分解开来,生在不知不觉中就把知识学到手了。
二、注重学生主体性素质教育主张以“学生的学”为中心,把学生真正当作学习的主体,在英语课堂教学中根据实际情况,灵活地采用各种提问方式,既可活跃课堂气氛,激发学生提问的积极性,又可扩大提问的面,增加学生练习的时间和机会。
英语教学案例范文(3篇)

第1篇I. IntroductionIn this English teaching case, the focus is on a unit titled "A Journey Through Time." The aim of this unit is to introduce students to the concept of time travel, its possibilities, and its implications. The target audience is a group of 15-year-old students in a secondary school in China. The lesson duration is 45 minutes, and the teaching methods include a mix of lectures, group discussions, and a creative writing activity.II. Lesson Objectives1. Knowledge Objectives:- Students will understand the basic concepts of time travel.- Students will be able to identify different theories and mechanisms of time travel.- Students will learn new vocabulary related to time, space, and science fiction.2. Skill Objectives:- Students will improve their listening skills through audio clips on time travel.- Students will enhance their speaking skills through group discussions and presentations.- Students will practice their writing skills by composing a short story about their own time travel adventure.3. Emotional and Ethical Objectives:- Students will reflect on the ethical implications of time travel.- Students will develop critical thinking skills by analyzing different perspectives on time travel.- Students will learn to appreciate the importance of history and the present.III. Lesson Materials- PowerPoint presentation on time travel.- Audio clips on time travel theories and experiences.- Handouts with vocabulary related to time travel.- Writing prompts for creative writing activity.IV. Teaching Procedure1. Warm-up (5 minutes):- Begin with a brief introduction to the concept of time travel, asking students if they have ever heard of it or read any stories about it.- Use a simple word association game to elicit words related to time and travel.2. Lecture and Discussion (15 minutes):- Present a PowerPoint presentation that covers the basics of time travel, including:- Theories of time travel (e.g., wormholes, time machines, parallel universes).- Famous stories and movies about time travel.- The ethical implications of time travel.- After each section of the presentation, pause to ask questions and encourage students to share their thoughts and opinions.3. Listening Activity (10 minutes):- Play a short audio clip discussing a specific time travel theory or experience.- After listening, ask students to summarize the main points of the clip and discuss any questions or thoughts they may have.4. Group Discussion (10 minutes):- Divide the class into small groups and assign each group a different aspect of time travel to research (e.g., wormholes, time machines, parallel universes).- Each group will prepare a brief presentation on their topic, which they will share with the class.5. Creative Writing Activity (5 minutes):- Distribute writing prompts that ask students to imagine they have traveled through time and describe their experience.- Give students a few minutes to brainstorm ideas and then ask them to write a short paragraph or two about their time travel adventure.V. Assessment1. Listening and Speaking:- Assess students' listening skills through their participation in the listening activity.- Evaluate their speaking skills based on their group presentations and participation in discussions.2. Writing:- Grade the creative writing activity based on the creativity, coherence, and accuracy of the writing.3. Participation:- Monitor students' participation in all activities throughout the lesson.VI. ReflectionThis lesson effectively introduced students to the concept of time travel, stimulating their interest in science fiction and encouraging critical thinking. The mix of lectures, discussions, and creativewriting activities allowed students to engage with the material in different ways. One potential area for improvement is to provide more resources for students to explore time travel further outside of the classroom. Additionally, incorporating more interactive elements, suchas virtual reality experiences or interactive timelines, could enhance student engagement and deepen their understanding of the topic.第2篇IntroductionThis teaching case focuses on a project-based learning (PBL) approach to enhance student engagement in an English language classroom. The case is set in a secondary school in China, where the target language is English. The students are in their second year of learning English, and the unit of study is "Global Warming and Environmental Protection." The aim ofthis case is to demonstrate how PBL can be effectively integrated into English language teaching to foster critical thinking, collaboration,and real-world application of language skills.BackgroundThe English curriculum in China often focuses on grammar and vocabulary, with limited opportunities for students to apply their language skillsin authentic contexts. This often leads to low engagement and a lack of motivation among students. To address this, the teacher decided to implement a PBL approach for the "Global Warming and Environmental Protection" unit.Objectives1. To encourage students to use English in real-life contexts.2. To promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills.3. To enhance student collaboration and communication skills.4. To raise awareness about environmental issues and the role of individuals in addressing them.Teaching Strategies1. Introduction to PBL: The teacher began by explaining the concept of PBL and its benefits. Students were introduced to the project-based learning cycle, which includes inquiry, planning, execution, and reflection.2. Project Design: The teacher designed a project that required students to research, plan, and present a solution to a real-world problemrelated to global warming and environmental protection. The project was divided into several stages:a. Research: Students were given a list of resources to explore, including articles, videos, and websites. They were encouraged to work in groups to gather information.b. Planning: Each group was required to develop a plan for their project, including the methodology, timeline, and expected outcomes.c. Execution: Students worked on their projects, applying their research findings and creative ideas to develop a presentation.d. Reflection: After completing the project, students reflected on their learning experience, discussing what they had learned and how they had applied their language skills.3. Assessment: The teacher used a variety of assessment methods to evaluate student progress:a. Group work participation: The teacher observed students during group discussions and activities to assess their contribution and collaboration.b. Project presentation: Students were evaluated based on the clarity, coherence, and creativity of their presentations.c. Reflection: Students submitted a written reflection on their learning experience, which was evaluated for depth and insight.Implementation1. Inquiry Stage: The teacher introduced the project by discussing the issue of global warming and its impact on the environment. Students were encouraged to ask questions and express their opinions.2. Planning Stage: Students worked in groups to research different aspects of the project, such as the causes of global warming, itseffects on ecosystems, and possible solutions. They created a timeline and divided tasks among group members.3. Execution Stage: Students presented their findings and proposed solutions in the form of a presentation. They used a variety of multimedia tools, such as PowerPoint, videos, and images, to enhance their presentation.4. Reflection Stage: After the presentations, students engaged in a class discussion, sharing their thoughts and feedback. They also wrote a reflection on their learning experience, highlighting the challenges they faced and the skills they developed.OutcomesThe PBL approach proved to be highly effective in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes. The following were observed:1. Increased Engagement: Students were highly motivated to participate in the project, showing enthusiasm and curiosity throughout the process.2. Improved Language Skills: Students demonstrated significant improvement in their speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills, as they had to apply their language knowledge in real-life contexts.3. Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: The project required students to think critically and develop creative solutions to the problem of global warming. They learned to analyze information, evaluate different perspectives, and make informed decisions.4. Collaboration and Communication: Students worked effectively in groups, sharing ideas, and supporting each other. They learned tocommunicate effectively, listen actively, and express their thoughts clearly.5. Environmental Awareness: The project raised awareness about environmental issues, encouraging students to take action in their daily lives to reduce their carbon footprint.ConclusionThis teaching case demonstrates the effectiveness of project-based learning in an English language classroom. By integrating real-world issues into the curriculum and encouraging student-centered activities, teachers can foster a love for learning and develop well-rounded individuals who are prepared to face the challenges of the future.第3篇IntroductionThe communicative approach to language teaching has gained significant popularity in recent years due to its focus on developing students' communicative competence rather than just their linguistic knowledge. This case study examines the implementation of a communicative approach in an English language classroom, focusing on the design and execution of a lesson plan aimed at enhancing students' speaking and listening skills.ContextThe lesson took place in a secondary school in China, where the students were in their second year of studying English. The class consisted of 30 students, aged 14-15, with varying levels of English proficiency. The students were divided into small groups for the duration of the lesson, and the teacher was a native English speaker with three years of experience in teaching English as a foreign language.ObjectivesThe primary objectives of the lesson were as follows:1. To develop students' speaking skills by encouraging them to participate in group discussions and role-plays.2. To improve students' listening skills by exposing them to different accents and intonation patterns.3. To foster a positive and interactive learning environment where students feel comfortable practicing English.MaterialsThe following materials were used during the lesson:1. Handouts with pictures and short texts related to the theme of the lesson.2. A video clip featuring a conversation between two native speakers.3. A set of role-play cards with different scenarios.4. A whiteboard and markers for writing key vocabulary and phrases.Lesson PlanWarm-up (10 minutes)- The teacher greeted the students and briefly reviewed the previous lesson's vocabulary and grammar points.- Students were asked to share their experiences related to the theme of the lesson through a quick discussion in pairs.Presentation (15 minutes)- The teacher introduced the new vocabulary and phrases related to the theme using pictures and short texts on handouts.- The teacher demonstrated the pronunciation and intonation patterns of the new vocabulary, and students were encouraged to repeat after her.Practice (30 minutes)- Group Discussion (10 minutes): Students were divided into groups and given a topic for discussion. They were instructed to use the new vocabulary and phrases they had learned. The teacher circulated around the classroom, listening to the discussions and offering help when necessary.- Listening Activity (10 minutes): The teacher played a video clip featuring a conversation between two native speakers. After the video, students were asked to summarize the main points of the conversation and discuss their opinions on the topic.- Role-Play (10 minutes): Students were given role-play cards with different scenarios. They were paired up and asked to perform the role-plays, using the new vocabulary and phrases they had learned. The teacher observed the role-plays and provided feedback on pronunciation, fluency, and content.Feedback and Evaluation (10 minutes)- The teacher conducted a brief reflection session with the students, asking them to share their experiences and feelings about the lesson.- The teacher provided individual feedback on the students' speaking and listening skills, highlighting their strengths and areas for improvement.- The teacher distributed a short quiz to assess the students' understanding of the new vocabulary and phrases.ConclusionThe communicative approach to language teaching was successfully implemented in this lesson, as evidenced by the students' active participation and improvement in their speaking and listening skills. The use of varied activities and materials helped to create a dynamic and engaging learning environment, making the lesson both fun and effective. The teacher's role in facilitating the learning process was crucial in ensuring that all students had the opportunity to practice and improve their language skills.ReflectionThis case study highlights the importance of adopting a communicative approach in English language teaching. By focusing on communicationrather than just linguistic form, students are more likely to develop their language skills in a meaningful and practical way. The teacher's role in creating a supportive and interactive learning environment is also crucial in encouraging students to take risks and practice their language skills.In the future, the teacher could consider the following strategies to further enhance the effectiveness of the communicative approach:- Incorporating more authentic materials, such as songs, podcasts, and real-life videos, into the lesson plan.- Providing opportunities for students to engage in extended speaking activities, such as debates, presentations, and interviews.- Using technology, such as interactive whiteboards and online platforms, to create more engaging and interactive lessons.By continuously adapting and refining the teaching approach, the teacher can help students achieve their language learning goals and become confident and competent communicators in English.。
英语写作教学案例(范文大全)

英语写作教学案例(范文大全)第一篇:英语写作教学案例英语写作教学案例写作任务: 用书信的形式写一篇讨论网络利弊的文章。
要求:1.合理发挥想像,使文章内容完整。
2.上下文连贯通顺、无语法错误。
3.词数:100左右。
一、写前阶段俗话说,“万事开头难”,写作也是这样的。
写前阶段作为写作的初始阶段,对后面的整个过程起着至关重要的作用。
在这个阶段学生应当考虑三个方面的问题:写作的主题、写作的目的以及文章的读者。
写前阶段的准备工作可以给学生提供充分的思考,让学生做到胸有成竹,动笔写的时候就会文思泉涌。
本次写作任务要求对比网络利弊,属议论文体裁。
通过审题可得知,本次写作任务属于半开放式命题作文,先要强调使用一般现在时,对于网络利弊有哪些重点内容,仍需同学们合理发挥想像,使文章内容完整充实。
这环节可以通过以下步骤来完成:(1)引导性问题的提出。
考虑到可能有些学生的思维不够开阔,提出了一些引导性的问题。
(2)通过Brainstorming提出问题,起到了抛砖引玉的作用,学生们开始变得活跃起来。
(3)有了Brainstorming 的这些素材,可以初步打消学生的畏难情绪,接下来要做的就是把这些素材进行选择和整理。
(4)小组讨论,确定自己的观点。
这不仅可以使尽可能多的学生投入到课堂中来,鼓励他们发表自己的观点,还对他们的口头表达能起到一定的训练作用,同时小组自己的合作意识也会得到极大的开发语言是决定议论文是否精彩的一个重要因素。
为了使你的文章生动形象,应尽量使用多种句式,如主动句、被动句和从句。
另外,表上下文衔接的词汇和短语也是必不可少的,如first, second, next, last;以及Besides, However,这类词语的使用能使你的文章更加连贯紧凑。
二、写作阶段要想写好一篇半开放式议论文,首先要明确文章主题。
本次写作任务围绕着网络利弊一事展开讨论。
首先列出表格:网络给人们带来的好处:1、2、3;网络给人们带来的坏处:1、2、3。
初中英语教学优秀论文3篇

初中英语教学优秀论文3篇
论文1:提高初中英语教学质量的有效策略
这篇论文探讨了提高初中英语教学质量的有效策略。
作者首先分析了初中英语教学存在的问题,如学生研究动力不足、教材内容单一等。
接着,作者提出了一些行之有效的策略,包括鼓励互动式研究、提供个性化辅导等。
最后,作者通过实践案例证明了这些策略的有效性。
论文2:提高初中英语口语能力的教学方法研究
本文旨在研究提高初中学生英语口语能力的教学方法。
作者通过对现有教学方法的分析和评估,提出了一种以情景教学为基础的方法。
该方法通过创造真实的语境,促使学生主动参与口语表达。
实证研究表明,该方法可以有效提高学生的口语能力。
论文3:初中英语课堂互动教学的实施策略
这篇论文介绍了初中英语课堂互动教学的实施策略。
作者提出了一套可行的策略,包括采用小组活动、引入多媒体资源等。
通过实际教学案例的分析,作者证明了这些策略能够激发学生的研究兴趣,提高课堂互动效果。
以上是三篇关于初中英语教学的优秀论文的简要介绍,希望对您有所帮助。
如需详细内容,请查阅相关文献。
英语教学论文范文(精选6篇)(4)

英语教学论文范文(精选6篇)(4)英语教学论文五论文题目:打造初中英语高效课堂摘要:子曰:"知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。
";提高初中英语课堂教学效率的关键在于激发学生学习英语的兴趣,使求知成为一种内驱力。
本文主要从以下三个方面具体阐述如何通过设疑提高学生的学习兴趣:一、立足教材,挖掘疑点;二、巧设悬念,以疑激趣;三、合作探究,以趣促学。
同时结合牛津初中英语7BUnit 4Integrated skills进行具体说明。
关键词:初中英语;高效课堂;设疑激趣。
人若志趣不远,心不在焉,虽学无成。
英语教学不仅要教授学生英语语言知识,同时也要关注学生的情感态度,激发学生学习兴趣,转变学习观念,从"要我学";转变为"我要学";, 做学习的主人,学会学习,从而提高英语课堂教学质量。
《英语新课程标准》中也指出:英语教师应在教学中不断激发并强化学生的学习兴趣,并引导他们逐渐将兴趣转化为稳定的学习动机,以使他们树立学习英语的自信心。
"设疑激趣";是提高学生学习兴趣的方法之一。
它通过巧妙设疑,促发学生内在的好奇心理,让他们带着问题参与到课堂活动中,积极思考,主动探索问题答案,使学生对所学内容保持高度兴趣,从而提高课堂效率,达到事半功倍的效果。
一、立足教材,挖掘疑点。
教材是教师教和学生学的主要凭借,是教师进行教学的具体依据。
教师在"设疑";前首先要认真研究教材,把握教材的目标、内容以及重难点,深度挖掘教材内涵,预测学生学习可能会碰到的问题,对此进行设疑,做到有的放矢。
在英语教学中,教师通常可以从以下几个方面去挖掘疑点。
首先是标题。
英语教材中的每个单元标题或课时标题都是该单元或课时的中心内容,始终贯穿着整个单元或课时。
依据题目挖掘疑点能够起到以疑促读的目的。
7B Unit4Integrated skills的标题是Finding treasure, 其实这个标题本身就引申出一个疑问---Where is the treasure?带着这样的疑问,学生就会更加专注于听力材料并仔细阅读相关内容,以期能够找到宝藏。
英语教学论文10篇

英语教学论文10篇英语教学论文10篇1在英语教学中培养学生良好的素质在深化教育改革过程中,人们已认识到小学基础教育应以素质教育为目标,通俗地说,就是要帮助小学生学会生活、学会学习和学会做人,为学生走向生活、走向社会以及继续学习打下扎实的基础。
素质教育应贯彻在学校各项工作和各科教学中。
英语作为一门基础学科,如何进行素质教育?我体会到:在英语教学中广泛开展丰富多彩的英语活动,是培养小学生良好素质的有效途径。
一、开展英语活动有利于培养学生热情、开朗的性格,良好的情趣,健康的情感和善于交际的能力。
语言是人的心理活动最重要的外部表现。
因而,对学徒进行语言训练有助于丰富学生的心理活动。
小学英语的教学目标主要在于初步培养学生的英语交际能力。
交际离不开活动,因此,我在英语教学中经常开展诸如分角色对话,做捉迷藏、“看谁反应快”、“谁是问不倒的小博士”等各种英语游戏,排演英语儿童节目,朗诵诗歌,唱英语歌,邀请外国朋友来校或带学生到有外国人的公共场所,让学生学着用英语和外国朋友交谈,等等。
少年獐有爱看爱听爱说的特点,他们都能很投入地参加这此有趣的英语活动。
去年五月,我邀请了英国的希尔夫妇来校和学生联欢。
同学们有礼貌地用“Welcome to China! ““Welcome to our school!“等情真意切的语言欢迎他们。
听他们介绍了情况后,同学们热切地向他们提了许多问题:“Do you like China?“ “How many people are there in your family?“希尔夫妇在回答问题后,也向同学们提了一些问题.同学们争先恐后举手,清楚流利地一一作答.同学们还三两人一组主动地走到客人面前,先自我介绍: “My name is Wang Xi. My English name is Mike.“然后介绍自己的同学: “This is Xing Li“两人一起说:“We are classmates.“然后拉着客人的手:“Nice to meet you!“再问:“Could we be friends?““Good!“ “Well done!“希尔夫妇连声赞叹道.最后同学们热情洋溢地献上自己制作的小手工、小作品,或是小工艺品,•还没忘记再说上几句英语:“Do you like it?““Welcome again!“同学们惊喜地发现:外国人讲话我们大部分能听懂,我们讲的他们也能听懂,真有趣.学生亲身参加活动能帮助他们克服畏难情绪,激发主动积极的学习精神.有些原来性格腼腆、站起来说话就脸红心跳的学生,通过以上英语活动的锻炼,已能经常自告奋勇地出来对话、表演了。
英语教学方法论文(优秀6篇)

英语教学方法论文(优秀6篇)在各领域中,大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧,论文的类型很多,包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。
那么,怎么去写论文呢?山草香分享了6篇英语教学方法论文,希望对于您更好的写作英语教学法论文有一定的参考作用。
英语教学方法学科论文篇一一、当前小学英语教学中德育现状分析1.传统教育的功利性与道德理念相悖“素质教育”的口号喊了很多年,然而大部分学校和教师仍以成绩作为评定学生学习好坏的标准,仅仅将“素质教育”作为表面工作来应付,走形式主义路线。
学校只关注书本知识,忽视德育环节的考核。
传统教学的功利性使得德育教学的地位一再下滑,教师的职责也趋向单一,只传授课本知识,忽视了学生人格的培养,不利于正确道德观念的树立。
2.消极的网络信息影响正确的道德观21世纪是网络的时代,然而由于缺乏完善的网络规范体制,各类信息充斥其中,良莠不齐,很难进行分辨。
现在的学生从小就接触网络,极易被其中传达的信息引导,做出一些违背道德规范的事情。
尤其是在小学阶段,如果学校没有对学生进行正确引导,让学生树立正确的人生观、道德观和价值观,一旦他们被网络中充斥的暴力、黄色信息误导,就会造成人格的堕落,同时也不利于社会的稳定,增加未成年人犯罪率。
因此,维护绿色网络,加强对学生正确使用互联网的引导,帮助学生树立强烈的网络文明意识是学校义不容辞的责任。
二、小学英语教学中德育理念渗透的途径1.创设适宜的教学情境英语作为外来文化的载体,教育学生学习优秀的国外文化知识,要将德育贯穿始终。
方法之一就是创设相应的情境,注重情感的渲染,让学生从主观上感受到德育的魅力,从而积极主动地接受德育教学。
课堂作为英语教学的主要阵地,教师要充分利用这一优势,根据课本内容创设适宜的情境,激发学生的参与热情,让学生在互动中形成正确的道德观念。
例如,在学习餐厅礼仪时,教师可以将课堂布置成类似于餐厅的样子,随机挑选学生扮演顾客和服务员,教导学生学会运用敬语询问顾客的需求,如“WhatcanIdoforyou?”同时顾客也要礼貌地回答问题,同时表达对服务的感谢,以“Thankyou.”作为结束语。
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为什么写学术论文
参加学术会议,促进学术交流 在学术刊物上发表,使国内外同行了解自 己的研究成果 学习和工作的要求
新大的要求
•对博士生的要求:数量要求2006年秋及以后入学者在 其申请学位论文答辩之前发表学术论文的统计数至少为 2篇。具体要求如下:
1 发表刊物与署名要求 列入统计范围的学术论文必须以新疆大学名义发表,并 有研究生署名。只有发表在列入SCI、EI检索的学术刊 物或《学位与研究生教育─中文重要期刊目录》所列刊 物或国家科委1217种统计源期刊或《新疆大学核心期刊 目录》所列刊物上的论文或者在ISTP(科技会议索引) 检索到的论文才计入统计数。
论文的格式/Title
▪Title(标题) 题名是以最恰当、最简明的词语反映论文中最重要的特 定内容的逻辑组合。 论文题目是一篇论文给出的涉及论文范围与水平的第一 个重要信息,也是必须考虑到有助于选定关键词不达意 和编制题录、索引等二次文献可以提供检索的特定实用 信息。对论文题目的要求是:准确得体、简短精炼、外 延和内涵恰如其分、醒目。 以短语为主要形式,不应过长。。
新大的要求
•对博士生的要求:数量要求 2 统计办法
研究生以第一作者发表的论文以1篇计入统计数,第二 作者以1/2篇计入统计数(第一作者必须是其指导教 师),第三作者及以后者不计。博士生在硕士生期间正 式发表的论文不计入其博士生学习阶段的论文发表数。
•对硕士生的要求 至少发表或录用一篇学术论文。发表或录用刊物的要求 同博士生要求中的“数量要求(1)发表刊物与署名要 求”相同。
学术论文的写作和投稿
✓ 为什么写学术论文 ✓ 论文的类别 ✓ 论文的格式 ✓论文的写作 ✓论文的投稿
为什么写学术论文
学术论文通常是指对社会科学和自然科学领 域中的某些现象和问题进行比较系统的研究, 以探讨其本质特征及其发展规律等的理论性 文章。它和一般文章不同,具有科学性、理 论性、独创性、专业性的特点。应该按规范 格式和要求来撰写,同时在表达方面力求有 较高的可读性。
▪Conclusion是对全文内容或有关研究课题进行的总体 性讨论。它具有严密的科学性和客观性,反映一个研究 课题的价值,同时提出以后的研究方向。
论文的格式/ Acknowledgment
▪致谢(Acknowledgment) 致谢语句可以放在正文后,体现对下列方面致谢:国家 科学基金、资助研究工作的奖学金基金、合同单位、资 助和支持的企业、组织或个人;协助完成研究工作和提 供便利条件的组织或个人;在研究工作中提出建议和提 供帮助的人;给予转载和引用权的资料、图片、文献、 研究思想和设想的所有者;其他应感谢的组织和人。
论文的格式/Author
▪作者姓名和单位(Author and affiliation) 这一项属于论文署名问题。署名一是为了表明文责自负, 二是记录作者的劳动成果,三是便于读者与作者的联系 及文献检索(作者索引)。
论文的格式/Abstract
▪摘要(Abstract) 它是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述。其作用是不 阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。摘要应包含以下内 容:
论文的格式
摘要的写作注意事项:
▪摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把 应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内 容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。
▪不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。
▪结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。摘要先写什么,后 写什么,要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯, 互相呼应。摘要慎用长句,句型应力求简单。每句话要 表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词,摘要不分段。
▪从事这一研究的目的和重要性;
▪研究的主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作;
▪获得的基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解;
▪结论或结果的意义。
论文的格式
▪报道性摘要 报道性摘要是指明一次文献的主题范围及内容梗概的简 明摘要,相当于简介。报道性摘要一般用来反映学术论 文的目的、方法及主要结果与结论,在有限的字数内向 读者提供尽可能多的定性或定量的信息,充分反映该研 究的创新之处。学术论文如果没有创新内容,如果没有 经得起检验的与众不同的方法或结论,是不会引起读者 的阅读兴趣的;所以建议学术性期刊(或论文集)多选用 报道性摘要,用比其他类摘要字数稍多的篇幅,向读者 介绍论文的主要内容。以“摘录要点”的形式报道出作 者的主要研究成果和比较完整的定量及定性的信息。
新大的要求
•凡不符合上述要求者,所在学院和校学位办不受理其 学位申请。
•如果硕士(或博士)生已完成发表(或录用)学术论 文的“数量要求”,但未达到“质量要求”者,可以允 许先进行学位论文答辩,暂缓受理其硕士(或博士)学 位申请。硕士生可以在毕业后的一年内,博士生可以在 毕业后的一到两年内继续完成发表学术论文的工作并达 到“质量要求”,再次申请硕士(或博士)学位。逾期 仍未达到要求者,学校将不再受理其学位申请。
论文的类别
•理论创新 •应用创新 •综述 •项目、系统应用介绍
论文的格式
Байду номын сангаас
▪Title(标题)
▪Introduction(引言)
▪作者姓名和单位 (Author and affiliation)
▪Method(方法) ▪Results(结果)
▪Abstract(摘要)
▪Discussion(讨论)
▪Keywords(关键词)
▪Conclusion(结论)
▪Table of contents(目录) ▪Acknowledgement(致谢)
▪Nomenclature(术语表) ▪Reference(参考文献)
▪Appendix(附录)
论文的格式
▪其中Title,Abstract, Author and affiliation,Introduction,Method,Result, Discussion,Conclusion,Reference等是必不可少的 (其他内容根据具体需要而定)。在这八项内容中,读者 最多的是Title,Abstract和Introduction部分,读者 会根据这些内容来决定是否阅读全文。也就是说,一篇 研究论文赢得读者的多少,在很大程度上取决于Title, Abstract和Introduction写得好坏。
论文的格式
▪指示性摘要 指示性摘要是指明一次文献的论题及取得的成果的性质 和水平的摘要,其目的是使读者对该研究的主要内容 (即作者做了什么工作)有一个轮廓性的了解。创新内容 较少的论文,其摘要可写成指示性摘要,一般适用于学 术性期刊的简报、问题讨论等栏目以及技术性期刊等只 概括地介绍论文的论题,使读者对论文的主要内容有大 致的了解。
论文的格式/Introduction
▪引言(Introduction) 引言又称前言,属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容 包括:研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空 白,理论依据和实验基础,预期的结果及其在相关领域 里的地位、作用和意义。
▪引言的文字不可冗长,内容选择不必过于分散、琐碎, 措词要精炼,要吸引读者读下去。引言的篇幅大小,并 无硬性的统一规定,需视整篇论文篇幅的大小及论文内 容的需要来确定,长的可达700~800字或1000字左右, 短的可不到100字。
论文的格式/Elsevier
▪对图表的要求: Tables, figures, and illustrations should accompany the manuscript on separate sheets. Captions should clearly identify all separate matter. Each table, figure, illustration, and photograph should be numbered in sequence, using Arabic numerals in order of its mention. All tables, etc., should be gathered together at the end of the manuscript.
论文的格式/Reference
▪Reference(参考文献) 对于一篇学术论文,参考文献的著录是必不可少的工作。 科学的发展是一种接力,前人已经解决的问题,后人不 必再花力气去做重复劳动。同样,已在期刊上公开发表 的科技论文或出版社出版的学术著作中论述的观点数据 或材料,不容许在其后的论文中重复阐述。在论文编写 过程中凡是引用前人或他人的观点、数据和材料等,只 对它们进行简单的交代,并在文中出现的位置用方括号 予以标明,在文末按顺序列出参考文献即可。有经验的 编辑,从作者标引的文献中就可以评估论文的起点和深 度。
论文的格式/Main body
▪正文(Main body) 学术论文的正文一般包括Method,Result,Discussion 三个部分。 Method主要描述研究课题的具体内容、方法,研究过程 中所使用的设备、仪器、条件。 Result公布有关数据和研究结果。 Discussion对结果进行相关讨论和分析。
论文的格式
▪要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和 术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的,可用原文或译出 后加括号注明原文。缩略语、略称、代号,在首次出现 时必须加以说明。
▪除了实在无法变通以外,一般不用数学公式和化学结 构式,不出现插图、表格。
▪不用引文,除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著 作。
论文的格式
▪报道-指示性摘要 报道-指示性摘要是以报道性摘要的形式表述论文中价 值最高的那部分内容,其余部分则以指示性摘要形式表 达。
▪以上3种摘要分类形式都可供作者选用。一般地说,向 学术性期刊投稿,应选用报道性摘要形式;只有创新内 容较少的论文,其摘要可写成报道-指示性或指示性摘 要。论文发表的最终目的是要被人利用。如果摘要写得 不好,在当今信息激增的时代论文进入文摘杂志、检索 数据库,被人阅读、引用的机会就会少得多,甚至丧失。 一篇论文价值很高,创新内容很多,若写成指示性摘要, 可能就会失去较多的读者。