英美文学选读自学考试大纲
自考《英美文学选读》（英）文艺复兴时期（4）
IV. Francis Bacon 1. ⼀般识记Brief Introduction English Renaissance philosopher， essayist， statesman， born in London， England， Jan 22，1561 and died in London， April 9 1626. One of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance， Bacon made important contributions to several fields. His chief interest were science philosophy， but he was also a distinguished man of letters & held several high governmental positions during the reign of king JamesⅠ。
He was one of the earliest & most eloquent spokesmen for experimental science. He lays the foundation for modern science with his insistence on scientific way of thinking & fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for obtaining knowledge. 2. 识记His works As an author， Bacon is most famous for his Essays， which deal with such subjects as honor， friendship， love， & riches. Written in a terse， polished style， with many learned allusions & metaphors， the essays rank with the finest in English literature. Bacon’s other important literary works include The New Atlantis， an account of an ideal society & an imaginary voyage， & The History of the Reign of King Henry Ⅶ， a perceptive psychological study of Henry’s mind & characters. His works can be divided into three groups： First group： The Advancement of Learning （1605） Novum Organum （1620）（Latin version） Second group： Essays Apophthagmes New & Old （1605） The History of the Reign of Henry Ⅶ（1622） The New Atlantis （unfinished） Third group： Maxims of Law The Learned Reading upon the Stature of Uses （1642） 3. 领会 His Major Works Essays The term "essay" was borrowed from Montaigne’s Essais， which appeared from 1580 to 1588. Bacon learned from Montaigne， the first great modern essayist， the economic & flexible way of writing. However， as a practical & prudential man， he intends to write for the ambitious Elizabethan & Jacobean youth of his class & tell them how to be efficient & make their way in public life. Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity， compactness & powerfulness. The essays are well arranged & enriched by Biblical allusions， Metaphors & cadence. 4. 领会His achievements As a literary man， Bacon is the first English essayist， whose Essays won him a high place in the history of English literature. As a philosopher， he is the founder of English materialistic philosophy. He advocates the inductive method of reasoning. In his famous plea for progress， Bacon demands three things： 1） the free investigation of nature， 2） the discovery of facts instead of the blind belief in theories 3） the verification of results by experiment rather than by argument. In our day， these are the ABC of science， but in Bacon’s time they were revolutionary， Marx called him "the real father of English materialism & experimental science of modern times in general." 5. 应⽤ Of Studies Of Studies is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for， the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies， & how studies exert influence over human character. Forceful & persuasive， compact & precise， Of Studies reveals to us Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning. Bacon’s language isneat， priest， & weighty. It is some what affected， like the water in the reservoir， restricted & confined. V. John Donne 1.⼀般识记 Donne & the Metaphysical Poetry John Donne： English poet & Clergyman， born in London， England， 1572， and died in London， Mar. 31 1631. Donne is the leading figure of the 17th-century "metaphysical school." His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences & attitudes， & a free range of feelings & attitudes， & a free range of feelings & moods. The mode is dynamic rather than static， with ingenuity of speech，vividness of imagery & vitality of rhythms， which show a notable contrast to the other Elizabethan lyric poems， which are pure， serene， tuneful， & smooth running. The most striking feature of Donne’s poetry is precisely its tang of reality， in the sense that it seems to reflect life in a real rather than a poetical world. "Metaphysical Poetry" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellions spirit， the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan Love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with echoes the words & cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved， with God， or with himself. George Herbert， Andrew Marvell， Richard Crashaw， Henry Vaughan， Abraham Cowley， & Thomas Traherne are also considered to be metaphysical poets. They wrote on a variety of religious & secular themes， & to express their ideas， they used startling， highly imaginative comparisons known as conceits. A conceit is a combination of thoughts or images that are not usually associated with one another. The finest works of the metaphysical poets combine intellectual subtlety with great emotional power. The poems reflect a broad knowledge of science， art， & other branches of learning. At the same time， metaphysical poems express an intense awareness of common human feelings & experiences， such as jealousy， the loss of religious faith， the complexities of love & the fear of death. Although the imagery of metaphysical poetry is frequently strained， the language is often as natural & direct as ordinary speech. 2.识记His major works In his life， Donne wrote a large number of poems & prose works， His poems are especially admired for their unique combination of passionate feeling & intellectual wit. Many of his poems rank with the finest in the English language. Among his most famous works are the poems Death Be Not Proud， "Go & Catch a Falling Star，" The Ecstacy， & A Valediction Forbidding Mourning. Most of The Elegies & Satires & a good many of The Songs & Sonnets were written in the early period. He wrote prose works mainly in the later period. His sermons， which are very famous， reveal his spiritual devotion to God as a passionate preacher. His works are classified as songs & sonnets， epistles， elegies， & satires. When read in chronological order， the poems reveal his development from "Gay Jack Donne，" a reckless & cynical youth， to Dean John Donne， a man devoted to God. Donne’s great prose works are his sermons， which are both rich & imaginative， exhibiting the same kind of physical vigor & scholastic complexity as his poetry. For example， the well-known Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions （1623-1624）。
自考《英美文学选读》(英)现代文学时期(2)-1
自考《英美文学选读》（英）现代文学时期（2）-1三。
应用：1. What is Modernism?Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all creative arts，originating about the end of the 19th century. It provided the greatest renaissance of the 20th century. After the First World War，all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared：symbolism，expressionism，surrealism，cubism，futurism，Dadaism，imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s，these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement，which swept across the whole Europe and America. It has also been called “the tradition of the new”-a conscious rejection of established rules，traditions and conventions，and “the dehumanization of art”-pushing into the background traditional notions of the individual and society. The major figures that were associated with Modernism were Kafka，Picasso，Pound，Webern，Eliot，Joyce and Virginia Woolf. Modernism was somewhat curbed in the 1930s. But after the Second World War，a variety of modernism，or post-modernism，like existentialist literature，theater of the absurd，new novels and black humor，rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that “the world was absurd，and the human life was an agony.”Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted，alienated and ill relationships between man and nature，man and society，man and man，and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public，more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. By advocating a free experimentation on new forms and new techniques in literary creation，Modernism casts away almost all the traditional elements in literature such as story，plot，character，chronological narration，etc.，which are essential to realism. As a result，the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel，anti-poetry and anti-drama.2. The basic philosophy or characteristics of Modernism in literature：Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. One characteristic of English Modernism is “the dehumanization of art”. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted，alienated and ill relationships between man and nature，man and society，man and man，and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public，more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Therefore，they pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one. In their writings，the past，the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual.Modernism is，in many aspects，a reaction against realism. It rejects rationalism，which is the theoretical base of realism; it excludes from its major concern the external，objective，material world，which is the only creative source of realism; by advocating a free experimentation on new forms and new techniques in literary creation，it casts away almost all the traditional elements in literature such as story，plot，character，chronological narration，etc.，which are essential to realism. As a result，the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel，anti-poetry and anti-drama.I. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)一。
自考《英美文学选读》（美）现代文学时期（2）
Chapter 3 The Modern Period ⼀。
识记 1.The historical and socio-cultural background of the American literature between the two World Wars： （1） The two World Wars： The twentieth century began with a strong sense of social breakdown. The two Wor1d Wars， especially the First World War （l914——l918）， became the emblem of all wars in the twentieth century， which means violence， devastation， blood and death， and made a big impact on the life of the American people and their literary writings. With all these wars the whole wor1d had undergone a dramatic social change， a transformation from order to disorder. America in this period was characterized by economic boom and material prosperity but social chaos， spiritual waste and and moral decay. Economically， with America's participation in Wor1d War I and the technological revolution， the United States had its booming industry and material prosperity. Socially， the world was disorderly and turbulent. There was a sense of unease and restlessness underneath. Spiritually and morally， there was a decline in moral standard and the first few decades of the twentieth century was best described as a spiritual wasteland. The censor of a great civilization being destroyed or destroying itself， social breakdown， and individual powerlessness and hopelessness became part of the American experience as a result of the First World War， with resulting feelings of fear， loss， disorientation and disillusionment. （2） The impact of Marxism， Freudianism and European modern art on American modern literature： Between the mid-l9th century and the first decade of the 20th century， there had been a big flush of new theories and new ideas in both social and natural sciences， as well as in the field of art in Europe， which played an indispensable ro1e in bringing about modernism and the modernistic writings in the United States. a. Marxism and Freudianism Apart from Darwinism， which was still a big influence over the writers of this period， the two thinkers whose ideas had the greatest impact on the period were the German Karl Marx and the Austrian Sigmund Freud. Marx was a sociologist who believed that the root cause of all behavior was economic， and that the leading feature of the economic life was the division of society into antagonistic classes based on a relation to the means of production. Freud propounded an idea of human beings themselves as grounded in the "unconscious" that controlled a great deal of overt behavior， and made the practice of the psychoanalysis which emphasizes the importance of the unconscious or the irrationa1 in the human psyche. William James， an American psychologist famous for his theory of "stream of consciousness，" and Carl Jung， a Swiss psychiatrist， noted for his "collective unconscious" and "archetypal symbol" as part of modern mythology. Their theories，plus Freud's interpretation of dreams， have infused modern American literature and made it possible for most of the writers in the modern period to probe into the inner world of human reality. b. European modern art： The implications of modern European arts to modern American writings can also be strong1y felt in the American literature between the wars， even thereafter. In painting， both the French Impressionist and the German Expressionist artists avoided the representation of external reality and depicted the human rea1ity in a rather subjective point of view. This highly personal vision of the world is self-evident in the works by writers such as William Faulkner， Eugene O'Neill， etc. Cubism， another school of modern painting popular in the early 20th century with its emphasis on the formal structure of a work of art， especially its emphasis on the multiple-perspective viewpoints， had provided the writers with more than one way to explain the reality and engaged the readers in creating order out of fragmentation as we1l. Composers like Igor Stravinsky similar1y produced music in a "modern" mode， featuring dissonance and discontinuity rather than neat formal structure and appealing total harmonies. （3）The expatriate movement There was a spiritual crisis in the modern period， but a full blossoming of literary writings. The expatriate movement，also called the second American Renaissance， is the most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth century American literature. When the First World War broke out， many young men volunteered to take part in "the war to end Wars" only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous， greedy， and heedless way of life in America， they began to write and they wrote from their own experiences in the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature， especially in modern American 1iterature. They were basically expatriates who 1eft America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris， involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of thought and expression. These writers were later named by an American writer， Gertrude Stein， also an expatriate， "The Lost Generation." 2. The historical and socio-cultural background of the American literature after the World War Ⅱ： What happened immediately after the Second World War in the United States and other parts of the world exerted a tremendous influence on the mentality of Americans. It changed man's view of himself and the world as well. First of all， the dropping of an atomic bomb over Hiroshima in Japan shocked the whole world and made possible the destruction of the Western civilization. Then a mutual fear and hostility grew between the Eastern and Western courtries with the Cold War， the effect of which could be felt in the form of McCarthyism in the Unites States. Besides， the Korean War and the Vietnam War broadened the gap between the government and the people. The assassination of John F. Kennedy，and of Martin Luther King， spokesman of the American Civil Rights Movement， the resignation of Nixon because of the Water-Gate scandal， etc. intensified the terror and tossed the whole nation again into the grief and despair. The impact of these changes and upheavals on the American society is emotional. People start to question the role of science in human progress and the fear of the misuse of modern science and technology is spreading. They no longer believe in God but start to reconsider the nature of man and man's capacity for evil. They begin to think of life as a big joke or an absurdity. The world is even more disintegrating and fragmentary and people are even more estranged and despondent. ⼆。
《英美文学选读》自学资料全
《英美文学选读》自学资料-(全)American LiteratureChapter one : The romantic periodI. Emerson’s transcendentalism and his attitude toward nature:1.Transcendentalism—it is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.2. Emerson’s transcendentalism:The over-soul—it is an all-pervading power goodness, from which all things come and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a communication between an individual soul and the universalover-soul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself.3.His toward nature:Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s presence. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult.II. Hawthorne’s Puritanism and his black vision of man:1. Puritanism—it is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England.2. his black vision of man—by the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured and sinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another.3. Young Goodman Brown—it shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and naïve Brown is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and then he becomes distrustful and doubtful. Brown stands for everyone ,who is born pure and has no contact with the real world ,and the prominent people of the village and church. They cover their secrets during daily lives, and under some circumstances such as the witch’s Sabbath, they becomewhat they are. Even his closed wife, Faith, is no exception. So Brown is aged in that night.III. The symbolism of Melville’s Mobby-Dick1.The voyage to catch the white whale is the one of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of universe.2. To Ahab, the whale is an evil creature or the agent of an evil force that control the universe. As to readers, the whale is a symbol of physical limits, or a symbol of nature. It also can stand for the ultimate mystery of the universe and the wall behind which unknown malicious things are hiding.IV. Whitman and his Leaves of Grass :1. Theme: sing of the “en-mass” and the self / pursuit of love, happiness, and ***ual love / sometimes about politics (Drum taps)2. Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free verse(i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme),by means of which he becomes conversational and casual.3.He uses the first person pronoun “I” to stress individualism, and oral language to acquire sympathy from the common reader. Chapter two : The realistic periodI. The character analysis and social meaning of Huck Finn inAdventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark TwainHuck is a typical American boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”. He appears to be vulgar in language and in manner, but he is honest and decent in essence. His remarkable raft’s journey down on the Mississippi river can be regarded as his process of education and his way to grow up. At first, he stands by slavery, for he clings to the idea that if he lets go the slave, he will be damned to go to hell. And when the “King” sells Jim for money, Huck decides to inform Jim’s master. After he thinks of the past good time when Jim and he are on the raft where Jim shows great care and deep affection for him, he decide to rescue Jim. And Huck still thinks he is wrong while he is doing the right thing.Huck is the son of nature and a symbol for freedom and earthly pragmatism. Through the eye of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed. Twain contrasts the life on the river and the life on the banks, the innocence and the experience, the nature and the culture, the wilderness and the civilization.II. Daisy Miller by Henry James1. Theme: The novel is a story about American innocence defeated by the stiff, traditional values of Europe. James condemns the American failure to adopt expressive manners intelligently and point out the false believing that a good heart is readily visible to all. The death of Daisy results from the misunderstanding between people with different cultural backgrounds.2. The character analysis of Daisy: She represents typical American girl, who is uninformed and without the mature guidance. Ignorance and parental indulgence combine to foster he assertiveself-confidence and fierce willfulness. She behaves in the same daring naive way in Europe as she does at home. When someone is against her, she becomes more contrary. She knows that she means no harm and is amazed that anyone should think she does. She does not compromise to the European manners.3. The character analysis of Winterbourne: He is a EuropeanizedAmerican, who has live too long in foreign parts. He is very experience and has a problem understanding Daisy. He endeavors to put her in sort of formula, i.e. to classify her.III. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser:1. Theme: The author invented the success of Carrie and the downfall of Hurstwood out of an inevitable and natural judgment, because the fittest can survive in a competitive, amoral society according to the social Darwinism.2. The character analysis of Carrie: She follows the right direction toa pursuit of the American dream, and the circumstances and her desire for a better life direct to the successful goal. But she is not contented, because with wealth and fame, she still finds herself lonely. She is a product of the society, a realization of the theory of the survival of the fittest.3. The character analysis of Hurstwood: He is a negative evidence of the theory of the survival of the fittest. Because he is still conventional and can not throw away the social morals, he is not fitted to live in New York.Chapter three : The Modern PeriodI. Ezra Pound and his theory of Imagism1. The principles: a. direct treatment of the thing; b. to use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation; c. to compose in the sequence of the musical; d. to use the language of common speech and the exact word; e. to create new rhythms; f. absolutely freedom in the choice of subject.2. Imagism is to present an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time. An imagistic poem must present the object exactly the way the thing is seen. And the reader can form the image of the object through the process of reading the abstract and concrete words.II. Frost and his poetry on nature:Frost is deeply interested in nature and in men’s relationship to nature. Nature appears as an explicator and a mediator for man and serve as the center of reference of his behavior. Peace and order can be found in Frost’s poetical natural world. With surface simplicity of his poems, the thematic concerns are always presented in rich symbols. Therefore his work resists easy interpretation.III. F. Scott Fitzgerald and his The Great Gatsby1. Theme: Gatsby is American Everyman. His extraordinary energy and wealth make him pursue the dream. His death in the end points at the truth about the withering of the American Dream. The spiritual and moral sterility that has resulted from the withered American Dream is fully revealed in the article. However, although he is defeated, the dream has gave Gatsby a dignity and a set of qualities. His hope and belief in the promise of future makes him the embodiment of the values of the incorruptible American Dream .2. The character analysis of Gatsby: Gatsby is great, because he is dignified and ennobled by his dream and his mythic vision of life. He has the desire to repeat the past, the desire for money, and the desire for incarnation of unutterable vision on this material earth. For Gatsby, Daisy is the soul of his dreams. He believe he can regain Daisy and romantically rebels of time. Although he has the wealth that can match with the leisured class, he does not have their manners. His tragedy lies in his possession of a naive sense and chivalry.IV. Ernest Hemingway’s artistic features:1. The Hemingway code heroes and grace under pressure:They have seen the cold world ,and for one cause, they boldly and courageously face the reality. They has an indestructible spirit for his optimistic view of life. Whatever is the result is, the are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will be prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage.2.The iceberg technique:Hemingway believe that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. The one-eighth the is presented will suggest all other meaningful dimensions of the story. Thus, Hemingway’s languag e is symbolic and suggestive.V. The character analysis of Emily in A Rose for Emily:Emily is a symbol of old values, standing for tradition, duty and past glory. But she is also a victim to all those she cares and embrace. The source of Emily’s stran geness is from her born pride and self-esteem, the domineering behavior of her father and the betrayal of her lover. Barricaded in her house, she has frozen the past to protect her dreams. Her life is tragic because the defiance of the community, her refusal to accept the change and her extreme pride have pushed her to abnormality and insanity.【自考版重要资料汇总】自烤成柴engBus清洁工会员等级: 超级版主发帖数量: 1,243精华数量: 0所持现金: 3128英币银行状态:正常用户积分: 10来自: 注册日期: 2006-02-06# 22006-02-16 14:04English LiteratureChapter One The Renaissance PeriodI. Shakespeare’s sonnets1. With a few exceptions, Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the popular English form of three quatrains and a couplet. The couplet usually ties the sonnet to one of the general themes, leaving the quatrains free to develop the poetic intensity.2. The sonnet’s most common themes concern the destructive effects of time, the quickness of physical decay, and the loss of beauty, vigor, and love. Although the poems celebrate life, they are always with a keen awareness of death.3. His sonnet 18 expresses that beautiful things can rely on the force of literature to reach eternity. Literature is created by man, thus it declares man’s eternity. The poem shows the mighty self-confidence of the newly class.The vivid, variable and rich images reflect the lively and adventurous spirits of those who were opening new world.[/font]II. Shakespeare’s A Merchant of Venice1. Theme(1) Justice vs. mercy: Shakespeare suggests that all men should bemerciful. There is a further aspect of justice—the injustice revealed in the Christians’ treatment of the Jews.(2) Appearance vs. reality: e.g. superficial or external beauty vs. moral or spiritual beauty or truth (in the case of three caskets); the letters of law vs. the spirit of the law.(3) Commercial or material values vs. love: True love is much more worthwhile than money and material values. Antonioepitomizes true love in his friendship for Bassanio.2. The character analysis of ShylockShylock is a Jewish usurer, and he is a tragic-comic character.He is comic because he finally becomes the one punished by his own evil deed. He is avaricious. He accumulates as much wealth as he can and he even equates his lostdaughter with his lost money. He is also cruel. In order to revenge, he would rather claim a pound of flesh from his enemy Antonio than get back his loan.He is tragic, because he is the victim of the society. As a Jew, he is not treated equally by the society. The law is harsh to him. He has to make as much money as he can in order to protect him. He is abused by Antonio, so he wants to get revenge.III. The character analysis of HamletHamlet is a scholar and a warrior. His father has been killed by his uncle, Claudius, who then take the throne and marries his mother. Hamlet is informed by the ghost of his father to take revenge, but the weakness of indecisiveness or indetermination in his character always delay his action, and finally leads to his tragic fall of death. Hamlet is not a man of action, but a man of thinking at first. He hesitates at some crucial moments. At last when he is forced to take some actions, he does kill Claudiusgloriously, but he also sacrifices his own life.IV. Donne and his “The Sun Rising”1. Metaphysical poet: He wrote poems by using unconventional and surprising conceits and full of wit and humor, but sometimes the logic argument and conceits become pervasive. The language is colloquial but powerful, creating unorthodox images on the reader’s mind.2. His “The Sun Rising”: In this poem, the love’s wedding room has been intruded by sun and the man takes offence at the intrusion. He attack the sun as an unruly servant, and finally he allow the sun to enter their chamber and warm them. The poem’s true subject is the lady—his true emotional love. Every insult to the sun is a compliment to the lady.[font=Times New Roman]V. Milton’s Paradise Lost :1.Structure: The story is taken from the Old Testament. It extends chronologically from the exaltation of Christ before the creature of universe to the second coming of Christ. Geographically, it ranges over the entire world.2. The character analysis of Satan:He has the strength, the courage and the capacity for leadership, but he devoted all those qualities toevil. His defiance of God shows his egoistic pride, his false conception of freedom, and his alienation from all good. His own evil and damnation give him potentially tragic dimensions. Therefore, Satan is enveloped in dramatic irony because he fight in ignorance of the unshakable power of God and goodness.3.Features: Parallel and contrastThe central conflict and contrast between good and evil are intensified by the contrast between heaven and hell, light anddarkness, love and hate, reasonand passion, etc.自烤成柴engBus清洁工会员等级: 超级版主发帖数量: 1,243精华数量: 0所持现金: 3128英币银行状态:正常用户积分: 10来自: 注册日期:2006-02-06# 32006-02-16 14:04English LiteratureChapter One The Renaissance PeriodI. Shakespeare’s sonnets1. With a few exceptions, Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the popularEnglish form of three quatrains and a couplet. The couplet usually ties thesonnet to one of the general themes, leaving the quatrains free to develop thepoetic intensity.2. The sonnet’s most common themes concern the destructive effects of time,the quickness of physical decay, and the loss of beauty, vigor, and love.Although the poems celebrate life, they are always with a keen awareness ofdeath.3. His sonnet 18 expresses that beautiful things can rely on the force ofliterature to reach eternity. Literature is created by man, thus it declaresman’s eternity. The poem shows the mighty self-confidence of the newly class.The vivid, variable and rich images reflect the lively and adventurous spiritsof those who were opening new world.II. Shakespeare’s A Merchant of Venice1. Theme(1) Justice vs. mercy: Shakespeare suggests that all men should be merciful. There is a further aspect of justice—the injustice revealed in the Christians’ treatment of the Jews.(2) Appearance vs. reality: e.g. superficial or external beauty vs. moral or spiritual beauty or truth (in the case of three caskets); the letters of law vs. the spirit of the law.(3) Commercial or material values vs. love: True love is much more worthwhile than money and material values. Antonio epitomizes true love in his friendship for Bassanio.2. The character analysis of ShylockShylock is a Jewish usurer, and he is a tragic-comic character.He is comic because he finally becomes the one punished by his own evil deed. He is avaricious. He accumulates as much wealth as he can and he even equates his lost daughter with his lost money. He is also cruel. In order to revenge, he would rather claim a pound of flesh from his enemy Antonio than get back his loan.He is tragic, because he is the victim of the society. As a Jew, he is not treated equally by the society. The law is harsh to him. He has to make as much money as he can in order to protect him. He is abused by Antonio, so he wants to get revenge.III. The character analysis of HamletHamlet is a scholar and a warrior. His father has been killed by his uncle, Claudius, who then take the throne and marries his mother. Hamlet is informed by the ghost of his father to take revenge, but the weakness of indecisiveness or indetermination in his character always delay his action, and finally leads to his tragic fall of death. Hamlet is not a man of action, but a man of thinking at first. He hesitates at some crucial moments. At last when he is forced to take some actions, he does kill Claudius gloriously, but he also sacrifices his own life.IV. Donne and his “The Sun Rising”1. Metaphysical poet: He wrote poems by using unconventional and surprising conceits and full of wit and humor, but sometimes the logic argument and conceits become pervasive. The language is colloquial but powerful, creating unorthodox images on the reader’s mind.2. His “The Sun Rising”: In this poem, the love’s wedding room has been intruded by sun and the man takes offence at the intrusion. He attack the sun as an unruly servant, and finally he allow the sun to enter their chamber and warm them. The poem’s true subject is the lady—his true emotional love. Every insult to the sun is a compliment to the lady.V. Milton’s Paradise Lost :1.Structure: The story is taken from the Old Testament. It extends chronologically from the exaltation of Christ before the creature of universe to the second coming of Christ. Geographically, it ranges over the entire world.2. The character analysis of Satan:He has the strength, the courage and the capacity for leadership, but he devoted all those qualities to evil. His defiance of God shows his egoistic pride, his false conception of freedom, and his alienation from all good. His own evil and damnation give him potentially tragic dimensions. Therefore, Satan is enveloped in dramatic irony because he fight in ignorance of the unshakable power of God and goodness.3.Features: Parallel and contrastThe central conflict and contrast between good and evil are intensified by the contrast between heaven and hell, light and darkness, love and hate, reason and passion, etc.自烤成柴engBus清洁工# 4 2006-02-16 14:04会员等级: 超级版主发帖数量: 1,243精华数量: 0所持现金: 3128英币银行状态:正常用户积分: 10来自: 注册日期: 2006-02-06Chapter Two The Neo-classicalPeriodI. The allegorical meaning of “The Vanity Fair” in John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Vanity Fair refers to the real world where people have become so degenerated that all they are concerned is to buy and sell everything they can. It allegorically represents vanity both in the society and in people’s heart, so people are spiritually lost. However, the pilgrims refuse to buy any of the things in the Vanity Fair. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weakness and social evils. Christians’ refusal shows that they are one step nearer the Celestial City.II. Pope’s point of view on poetry criticism and the characteristics of his own poetry1. Pope’s point of view on poetry criticism is best shown in his An Essays on Criticism. He emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion and good taste. He calls on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance. He advises the critics not to stress too much the artificial use of conceit or the external beauty of language, but to pay special attention to true wit which is best set in a plain style.2. Pope’s poem strictly follows his idea of neoclassicism. He developed a satiric, concise, smooth, graceful and well-balanced style, and finally brought to its last perfection of the heroic couplet.III. The social satire of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s TravelsThe account of Lilliputian life, especially the games for people at court, alludes to the similar ridiculous practices or tricks in the English government. The description of the competition in the games before the royal members leads to the fact that the success of those government officials such as the Prime Minister lies not in their being any wiser or better but in their being more dexterous in the game. This alludes to the practices in England. And the pompous words singing of the Lilliputian emperor ridicule the aristocratic arrogance and vanity.IV. Henry Fielding and his Tom JonesIt is a good example of “comic epic in prose”. Fielding describes the fight between Molly and the villagers and her fistfight with Goody Brown in the grand style of the Homeric epic. He first of all calls on the Muses to assist him in recounting the fight as if it were of great historical importance. Like Homer who would list names of gods involved in the battle, he lists the names of the villagers. He treats Molly as a great hero at battle, an “Amazonian heroine”. Besides, he uses a mock-epic tone and seems very solemn about what he is describing. He uses formal words and refined language. Finally, he makes use of different figures of speech, particularly, irony and hyperbole.V. Thomas Gray and his “Elegy Written in a County Church”In the poem, Gray presents a picture of the quiet and solitary county at dusk through the sounding of the curfew, the home-coming plowman, the tinkling of bells under the necks of the cattle, the moping owl, the narrow cell (grave), etc.. He bemoans the fate of those common laborers who are now buried in the graves, tries to imagine how they had lived as loving parents and hardworking people, and praise their homely joys. He then express his contempt for those noblemen who once lived a pompous life, and despised the poor, but havee nded up in a way no better than the ordinary folk. We can see Gray’s sympathy for the poor and contempt for the rich.Chapter Three The Romantic Period I. Wordsworth and his “I wandered lonely as a cloud”The poem is crystal clear and lucid. Below the immediate surface, we find that all the realistic details of the flowers, the trees, the waves, the wind, and all the realistic details of the active joy, are absorbed into an over-all concrete metaphor, the recurrent image of the dance. The flowers, the stars, the waves are units in this dancing pattern of order in diversity, of linked eternal harmony and vitality. Through the revelation and recognition of his kinship with nature, the poet himself becomes as it were a part of the whole cosmic dance.II. Shelley and his “Ode to the West Wind”In the poem, Shelley eulogizes the west wind as a powerful phenomenon of nature that is both destroyer and preserver. The wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide. The keynote in the poem is Shelley’s ever-present wish for himself and his fellow men to sharethe freedom of the west wind, remembering meanwhile his own and commonhuman miseries. And the dominant mood is that of hope rather than despair,as the poet is hoping for the realization of the freedom and joy. The optimismexpressed in the last two lines show the poet’s critical attitude toward the uglysocial reality and his faith in a bright future for humanity.III. John Keats and his “Ode on a Grecian Urn”In the poem Keats shows the contrast between the permanence of art and thetransience of human passion. The poet has absorbed himself into the timelessbeautiful scenery on the Grecian urn: the lovers, musicians and worshipperscarved on the urn, and their everlasting joys. They are unaffected by time,stilled in expectation. This is the glory and the limitation of the world conjuredup by and object of art. The urn celebrates but simplifies intuitions of joy bydefying our pain and suffering. But at last, the urn presents his ambivalenceabout time and the nature of beauty.IV. The character analysis of Elizabeth in Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceElizabeth is a beautiful young lady in the Bennets. She is intelligent,contrasting her empty-minded, snobbish and vulgar mother. She is a womenof distinct character. She is not passive, but pursue her true love bravely. Sheturns down Mr. Collin’s marriage proposal and seeking her happiness withDarcy, the one she possesses true affection for her. She is also courageous.When Darcy’s aunt lady comes to force her into a promise of never consentingto marry Darcy, she boldly challenges her authority, contempt and arrogance.On the whole, Elizabeth is a typical image of the good, attractive lady in the19th century.自烤成柴engBus清洁工# 52006-02-16 14:04Chapter Two The Neo-classical会员等级: 超级版主发帖数量: 1,243精华数量: 0所持现金: 3128英币银行状态:正常用户积分: 10来自: 注册日期: 2006-02-06PeriodI. The allegorical meaning of “The Vanity Fair” in John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Vanity Fair refers to the real world where people have become so degenerated that all they are concerned is to buy and sell everything they can. It allegorically represents vanity both in the so ciety and in people’s heart, so people are spiritually lost. However, the pilgrims refuse to buy any of the things in the Vanity Fair. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weakness and social evils. Christians’ refusal shows that they are one step nearer the Celestial City.II. Pope’s point of view on poetry criticism and the characteristics of his own poetry1. Pope’s point of view on poetry criticism is best shown in hi s An Essays on Criticism. He emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion and good taste. He calls on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance. He advises the critics not to stress too much the artificial use of conceit or the external beauty of language, but to pay special attention to true wit which is best set in a plain style.2. Pope’s poem strictly follows his idea of neoclassicism. He developed a satiric, concise, smooth, graceful and well-balanced style, and finally brought to its last perfection of the heroic couplet.III. The social satire of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s TravelsThe account of Lilliputian life, especially the games for people at court, alludes to the similar ridiculous practices or tricks in the English government. The description of the competition in the games before the royal members leads to the fact that the success of those government officials such as the Prime Minister lies not in their being any wiser or better but in their being more dexterous in the game. This alludes to the practices in England. And the pompous words singing of the Lilliputian emperor ridicule the aristocratic arrogance and vanity.IV. Henry Fielding and his Tom JonesIt is a good example of “comic epic in prose”. Fielding describes the fightbetween Molly and the villagers and her fistfight with Goody Brown in the grand style of the Homeric epic. He first of all calls on the Muses to assist him in recounting the fight as if it were of great historical importance. Like Homer who would list names of gods involved in the battle, he lists the names of the villagers. He treats Molly as a great hero at battle, an “Amazonian heroine”. Besides, he uses a mock-epic tone and seems very solemn about what he is describing. He uses formal words and refined language. Finally, he makes use of different figures of speech, particularly, irony and hyperbole.V. Thomas Gray and his “Elegy Written in a County Church”In the poem, Gray presents a picture of the quiet and solitary county at dusk through the sounding of the curfew, the home-coming plowman, the tinkling of bells under the necks of the cattle, the moping owl, the narrow cell (grave), etc.. He bemoans the fate of those common laborers who are now buried in the graves, tries to imagine how they had lived as loving parents and hardworking people, and praise their homely joys. He then express his contempt for those noblemen who once lived a pompous life, and despised the poor, but have ended up in a way no better than the ordinary folk. We can see Gray’s sympathy for the poor and contempt for the rich.Chapter Three The Romantic Period I. Wordsworth and his “I wandered lonely as a cloud”The poem is crystal clear and lucid. Below the immediate surface, we find that all the realistic details of the flowers, the trees, the waves, the wind, and all the realistic details of the active joy, are absorbed into an over-all concrete metaphor, the recurrent image of the dance. The flowers, the stars, the waves are units in this dancing pattern of order in diversity, of linked eternal harmony and vitality. Through the revelation and recognition of his kinship with nature, the poet himself becomes as it were a part of the whole cosmic dance.II. Shelley and his “Ode to the West Wind”In the poem, Shelley eulogizes the west wind as a powerful phenomenon of nature that is both destroyer and preserver. The wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide. The keynote in the poem is Shelley’s ever-present wish for himself and his fellow men to share the freedom of the west wind, remembering meanwhile his own and common human miseries. And the dominant mood is that of hope rather than despair, as the poet is hoping for the realization of the freedom and joy. The optimism。
自考英语本科 英美文学选读 考试大纲
《英美文学选读》考试大纲全国考办在组织全国考委外语类专业委员会研究论证后，决定对高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业“英美文学选读”（课程代码：0604）自学考试大纲的部分内容进行调整:具体调整如下：《英美文学选读自学考试大纲》的考核知识点与考核要求（一）关于考核知识点的调整考核知识点中的各章概述内容仍为考核内容；对知识点中的作家只保留对如下主要作家的考核。
英国文学：Chapter 1III. William ShakespeareVI. John MiltonChapter 2III. Daniel DefoeIV. Jonathan SwiftV. Henry FieldingChapter 3I. William BlakeII. William WordsworthV. Percy Bysshe ShelleyVII. Jane AustenChapter 4I. Charles DickensII. Charlotte BronteVI. Thomas HardyChapter 5I. George Bernard ShawIV.T. S. EliotV.D. H. Lawrence美国文学：Chapter 1III. Nathaniel HawthorneIV. Walt WhitmanV. Herman MelvilleChapter 2I. Mark TwainII. Henry JamesIII. Emily DickinsonIV. Theodore DreiserChapter 3II. Robert Lee FrostIV.F. Scott FitzgeraldV. Ernest HemingwayVI. William Faulkner二、关于考核要求的调整考核要求中每章概述内容不作调整：“该时期的重要作家”只包含对考核知识点中保留的重要作家的相关内容的考核原大纲如下：上篇英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期一、学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、评议风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
006040000英美文学选读课程考试说明
006040000 英美文学选读课程考试说明一、本课程使用的教材、大纲英美文学选读课程指定使用的教材为《英美文学选读》（附大纲），全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组编，张伯香主编，外语教学与研究出版社，1999年版。
二、本课程的试卷题型及试题难易程度1.试卷题型结构表2.试卷分别针对识记、领会、简单应用、综合应用四个认知及能力层次命制试题，四个层次在试卷中所占的比例大致为识记占20%，领会占30%，简单应用占30%，综合应用占20%。
3.试卷难易度大致可分为容易、中等偏易、中等偏难、难四个等级，试卷中不同难易度试题所占的分数比例，大致为容易占20%，中等偏易占30%，中等偏难占30%，难占20%。
三、各章内容分数的大致分布根据自学考试大纲的要求，试卷在命题内容的分布上，兼顾考核的覆盖面和课程重点，力求点面结合。
教材具体各章所占分值情况如下：四、考核重点及难点上篇英国文学第一章文艺复兴时期（1）文艺复兴运动概述；（2）文艺复兴时期的文学；（3）文艺复兴时期的主要作家：埃德蒙·斯宾塞；克里斯托夫·马洛；威廉·莎士比亚；弗兰西斯·培根；约翰·邓恩；约翰·弥尔顿。
第二章新古典主义时期（1）启蒙运动；（2）新古典主义；（3）新古典主义时期的启蒙文学。
（4）新古典主义时期的主要作家：约翰·班扬；亚历山大·蒲伯；丹尼尔·笛福；乔纳森·斯威夫特；亨利·菲尔丁；塞缪尔·约翰逊；理查德·比·谢立丹；托马斯·格雷。
第三章浪漫主义时期（1）浪漫主义时期概述；（2）浪漫主义时期的主要作家：威廉·布莱克；威廉·华兹华斯；塞·特·柯勒律治；乔治·戈登·拜伦；珀·比·雪莱；约翰·济慈；简·奥斯汀。
自考英美文学选读课件(超级完整版)
制作思维导图
利用思维导图工具将笔记内容可视化，形成 清晰的知识网络。
定期复习
定期回顾和复习笔记内容，加深记忆和理解； 同时不断补充和完善笔记。
08
课程总结与展望未来
课程重点内容回顾
01 文学流派与时期
本课程涵盖了从古典到现代的英美文学发展，重 点介绍了各个时期的代表性流派，如浪漫主义、 现实主义、现代主义等。
周完成一篇读书笔记等。
制定学习计划
根据学习目标，制定详细的学习计划， 包括学习时间、学习内容、学习方法 等。
监督与调整
定期检查学习进度，根据实际情况调 整学习计划，确保按计划执行。
如何提高阅读速度和效率
预览与预测
在阅读前预览文本，了解大致内容和结 构，预测可能涉及的主题和观点。
意群阅读
通过意群阅读，将单词组合成有意义 的短语或句子，提高阅读速度和理解
《傲慢与偏见》
通过贝内特家五个女儿的婚恋经历， 探讨婚姻与爱情的真谛。
《尤利西斯》
通过主人公布鲁姆一天的生活，表现 现代人的孤独与迷茫。
07
自学方法与技巧分享
如何制定自学计划并执行
确定学习目标
明确自考英美文学选读的学习目标， 包括掌握文学理论、了解文学流派、
熟悉重要作家作品等。
分解学习任务
将学习计划分解为可执行的小任务， 如每天阅读一定数量的文学作品、每
英美戏剧流派及特点
古典主义戏剧
以古希腊和古罗马戏 剧为典范，注重情节、 结构和语言的完美和 谐。
浪漫主义戏剧
强调情感、个性和自 然的表达，追求超越 现实的理想境界。
现实主义戏剧
关注现实生活和社会 问题，通过刻画典型 人物和环境来揭示社 会本质。
英美文学选读 教程大纲 lecture 2
Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period (1660-1798)一、背景知识（Background knowledge）1、历史背景（Historical background）新古典主义时期的英国社会矛盾交织。
王室与议会、不同的教派之间、统治阶级与贫苦的劳动大众之间冲突不断，托利党与辉格党也为对议会和政府的控制而争斗不已。
概言之，那是一个充满了多种矛盾和多种价值观的时代。
18世纪的英国发展迅速，到世纪中叶，英国已成为世界上的头号资本主义强国。
随着经济的迅速发展，中产阶级也随之壮大了起来.2、文化背景（Cultural background）A 随着资本主义的发展，中产阶级的社会价值观和道德观占据了主宰地位。
中产阶级崇尚自制、自立和勤劳。
对他们而言，生活的意义就在于工作、节俭和积累财富。
B 这一时期，启蒙运动在英国全面展开。
该运动的目的是用现代哲学和艺术观启迪社会。
启蒙主义者们宣扬理性、平等与科学，宣称理性是人类的一切思想和行动唯一的、终极的目标。
C 启蒙者们相信当理性作为衡量一切人类行为和关系的标尺之时，一切迷信、压迫和不公正将让位于“终极真理”、“终极正义”和“终极平等”。
D 启蒙者们鼓吹全民教育。
他们认为，大众受到教育才更有可能建成民主社会。
3、新古典主义文学的特征（Features of the Neo-classic literature）A 新古义文学奉古希腊、罗马的经典作品和当代法国作品。
B新古典主义作家自觉地追求均衡、统一与和谐表达的优雅，从而形成了雍容、雅致、诙谐、睿智的文风。
C这一时期的文学说教意味浓厚，成为流行一时的大众教育的手段。
各种文学体裁均遵循某些固定的条律和规则。
D包括当时流行的模拟史诗、传奇、讽刺诗、讽刺短诗在内的各体诗歌结构工整，遣词雅致、语气庄严、注重说教。
小说则不同于传统的贵族传奇文学，以现实的笔触摹写普通人民的生活。
二Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福（1660～1731），英国小说家，英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“欧洲小说之父”。
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英美文学选读自学考试大纲一、考试简介英美文学选读自学考试旨在测试考生对于英美文学的基本概念、发展历程、重要作家及其作品的掌握程度，以及对于英美文学的基本理论和分析方法的了解和运用能力。
考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为180分钟，满分为100分。
二、考试内容1、英美文学基本概念及发展历程（20%）测试考生对于英美文学的基本概念、发展历程和重要时期的了解和掌握程度。
2、英美文学重要作家及其作品（30%）测试考生对于英美文学的重要作家及其代表作品的了解和掌握程度，包括但不限于莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀、托尔斯泰、海明威等。
3、英美文学的基本理论和分析方法（30%）测试考生对于英美文学的基本理论和分析方法的了解和掌握程度，包括但不限于新批评、结构主义、后现代主义等。
4、阅读理解与写作能力（20%）测试考生的阅读理解能力和写作能力，包括对于所给文本的理解、分析、评价和论述能力。
三、考试形式及题型1、单项选择题（20分）要求考生从四个选项中选择一个最符合题意的答案。
2、多项选择题（20分）要求考生从五个选项中选择两个或以上的答案。
21、简答题（20分）要求考生用简短的语言回答问题，考查考生的理解和概括能力。
211、分析题（30分）要求考生对所给的文学作品进行分析、评价和论述，考查考生的分析能力和语言表达能力。
2111、写作题（10分）要求考生根据给定的题目和要求进行写作，考查考生的写作能力和语言表达能力。
四、自学建议系统学习英美文学基本知识：了解英美文学的发展历程、重要时期和流派，掌握基本概念和理论。
阅读重要作家作品：选择一些经典作家及其代表作品进行阅读和研究，深入了解作家的创作风格和思想内涵。
培养阅读和分析能力：通过阅读和分析文学作品，提高自己的阅读能力和分析能力，掌握基本的文学分析方法。
加强写作训练：通过写作练习，提高自己的写作能力和语言表达能力，为考试做好准备。
英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：代表人物：莎士比亚、培根、哈姆雷特等。
主要特点：人文主义思想，强调人性和人的价值，反对禁欲主义，提倡科学和文化。
2、伊丽莎白时期：代表人物：莎士比亚、马洛、福克斯等。
主要特点：戏剧繁荣，涌现出大量优秀剧作家，作品反映社会现实和人民生活，具有强烈的人文主义色彩。
3、维多利亚时期：代表人物：狄更斯、奥斯汀、勃朗特姐妹等。
主要特点：现实主义文学，社会底层人物，揭露社会不公和阶级矛盾。
二、美国文学1、浪漫主义时期：代表人物：华盛顿·欧文、库珀、爱默生等。
主要特点：崇尚个人自由和民主，赞美自然和个性，作品具有鲜明的美国特色。
2、现实主义时期：代表人物：马克·吐温、杰克·伦敦、亨利·詹姆斯等。
主要特点：社会现实和人民生活，批判社会不公和阶级矛盾，作品具有深刻的社会意义。
3、现代主义时期：代表人物：海明威、菲茨杰拉德、沃尔夫等。
主要特点：反对传统文学形式，强调个人体验和内心世界，作品具有强烈的现代感。
三、文学术语和概念1、情节：指故事的发展过程，包括起始、发展和结局。
2、人物：指故事中的角色，具有性格特征和情感表现。
3、主题：指作品所表达的中心思想或核心意义。
4、象征：指用具体形象或符号来代表某种抽象的概念或思想。
5、隐喻：指将一个事物比喻为另一个事物，以表达作者的思想和情感。
广东省高等教育自学考试《采购与仓储管理》课程考试大纲一、课程性质和目标《采购与仓储管理》是高等教育自学考试供应链管理专业中的一门重要课程。
本课程的性质是面向供应链管理专业的学生，培养其掌握采购与仓储管理的基本理论、基本技能和基本方法，能够进行有效的采购与仓储管理，为企业创造更大的价值。
本课程的目标是要求学生掌握采购与仓储管理的基本概念、原理和方法，掌握采购与仓储管理的实际操作技能，能够运用所学知识解决实际问题，提高企业的采购与仓储管理水平。
二、考试内容本课程考试内容主要包括采购管理、仓储管理和供应链物流管理等方面的理论知识、基本技能和基本方法。
具体内容包括：1、采购管理部分：采购概述、采购流程、供应商管理、采购合同与订单处理、采购谈判策略与技巧、采购绩效评估等。
2、仓储管理部分：仓储概述、仓储设施及设备、商品入库与出库管理、库存控制、库存盘点、仓储安全管理等。
3、供应链物流管理部分：供应链概述、供应链环境下的物流管理、物流运输与配送管理、物流信息管理、物流绩效评估等。
三、考试形式和题型本课程考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为120分钟，试卷满分为100分。
考试题型包括选择题、填空题、简答题和案例分析题等。
其中，选择题和填空题主要考察学生对基本概念和理论的理解和记忆；简答题主要考察学生对问题的分析和解决能力；案例分析题则主要考察学生综合运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
四、参考教材和资料本课程参考教材为《采购与仓储管理》，作者为王忠郴、贺超、王学志。
还可以参考以下资料：1、国家相关法律法规和政策文件，如《中华人民共和国合同法》、《中华人民共和国产品质量法》等。
2、专业学术期刊和报告，如《供应链管理》、《物流技术与应用》等。
3、专业网站和数据库，如中国物流与采购联合会、中国仓储协会等。
自学考试安排表一、考试科目安排自学考试科目共15门，其中公共课3门，包括《中国近现代史纲要》、《英语（二）》和《马克思基本原理概论》。
专业课程根据不同专业有所不同，具体如下：1、汉语言文学专业：中国现代文学史、中国古代文学史（一）、中国古代文学史（二）、外国文学史、语言学概论、美学、中国文化概论、写作、现代汉语、古代汉语等。
2、人力资源管理专业：管理学原理、组织行为学、薪酬管理、绩效管理、员工培训与开发、劳动关系学、人力资源规划、招聘与配置、职业生涯规划等。
3、行政管理专业：政治学概论、管理学原理、行政法学、公共政策学、领导科学、当代中国政治制度等。
4、会计专业：高等数学（一）、政治经济学（财经类）、会计学原理、中级财务会计、高级财务会计、成本会计等。
5、法律专业：法理学、中国法制史、宪法学、行政法与行政诉讼法、刑法学、民法学等。
二、考试时间安排自学考试每年举行两次，分别在4月和10月，每次考试持续两天。
具体时间安排如下：1、4月考试：第一天上午为公共课考试，下午为专业课考试；第二天上午为专业课考试，下午为公共课考试。
2、10月考试：第一天上午为公共课考试，下午为专业课考试；第二天上午为专业课考试，下午为公共课考试。
三、学习资料推荐1、《全国高等教育自学考试指定教材》（各科目均有配套教材）；2、《全国高等教育自学考试题库与题集》（仅限自学者使用）；3、《全国高等教育自学考试试卷》（各科目均有配套试卷）；4、《全国高等教育自学考试大纲》（各科目均有相应的大纲）。
四、学习方法推荐1、制定学习计划：自学者应制定详细的学习计划，按照计划逐步学习。
可以按照科目、章节或时间进行划分，合理安排学习时间。
2、系统学习：自学者应按照教材的章节顺序进行系统学习，掌握基本概念和知识点。
同时，要注重对不同科目之间的和区别进行比较学习。
3、注重实践：自学考试不仅要求自学者掌握理论知识，还要求具备实践应用能力。
因此，自学者可以通过模拟试题、历年真题等方式进行实践训练。
4、多做笔记：学习过程中要善于做笔记，把重点、难点、易错点记录下来，方便复习和回顾。
同时，笔记也可以作为学习成果的检验，帮助自学者查漏补缺。
5、交流讨论：自学者可以加入学习小组或参加辅导班，与其他学习者交流讨论，分享学习心得和经验。
通过互相帮助和学习，提高学习效率和成绩。
《马克思恩格斯列宁经典著作选读》教学大纲修订说明1、增加了马克思、恩格斯、列宁的经典著作导读部分，包括《宣言》、《资本论》、《反杜林论》、《国家与革命》等著作的背景、内容和意义等方面。
2、增加了马克思、恩格斯、列宁的哲学思想部分，包括辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的基本原理和方法，以及这些原理和方法在马克思主义理论中的应用。
3、增加了马克思、恩格斯、列宁的政治经济学思想部分，包括商品经济、价值规律、剩余价值、帝国主义等基本概念和原理，以及这些概念和原理在马克思主义理论中的应用。
4、增加了马克思、恩格斯、列宁的社会主义思想部分，包括社会主义的本质、特征和发展道路等方面，以及这些思想在马克思主义理论中的应用。
三、教学方法的改进原教学大纲的教学方法主要是以教师讲解为主，学生参与度较低。
本次修订我们将采用多种教学方法相结合的方式，包括课堂讲解、小组讨论、案例分析、课堂演讲等。
通过这些方法，可以提高学生的参与度和学习效果。
四、考核方式的完善原教学大纲的考核方式主要是以书面考试为主，学生的总评成绩由平时成绩和考试成绩组成。
本次修订我们将增加课堂演讲环节，鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论和演讲。
同时，我们将根据学生的课堂演讲内容和质量，以及其他方面的表现来综合评价学生的总评成绩。
总之，《马克思恩格斯列宁经典著作选读》教学大纲的修订是为了更好地适应时代发展的需要，提高课程的教学质量，增强学生的理论素养和思维能力。
通过本次修订，我们希望能够更好地实现教学目标和内容，提高学生的学习效果和参与度，为培养合格的马克思主义理论人才做出贡献。
《中外广告史》自学考试课程考试大纲一、课程性质与设置目的《中外广告史》是广告学专业的一门重要课程，旨在帮助学生了解广告业的历史演变和发展趋势，掌握广告行业的规律和特点，为进一步学习和从事广告行业打下坚实的基础。
本课程的设置旨在提高学生的专业素养和综合能力，培养适应社会需求的广告人才。
二、考试内容与要求本课程考试内容主要包括中国广告史和外国广告史两部分。
中国广告史部分要求学生了解中国古代广告的起源、发展历程和特点，掌握不同历史时期广告的形态、表现形式和社会影响；外国广告史部分要求学生了解世界广告发展的历程、特点和影响因素，掌握不同国家和地区广告的演变、发展和创新。
具体要求如下：1、掌握广告的基本概念、特点和历史演变；2、了解中国广告史的发展历程和各个时期的特点、表现形式；3、掌握外国广告史的发展历程和各个时期的特点、表现形式；4、分析广告历史的演变和发展趋势，以及其对现代广告行业的影响；5、结合实际案例，分析不同时期、不同地区广告的成功与不足之处。
三、考试形式与题型本课程考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为120分钟，满分为100分。
考试题型包括选择题、填空题、简答题和论述题。
其中，选择题和填空题主要考察学生对基本概念和历史事实的掌握；简答题主要考察学生对某一时期或某一地区广告的特点和发展趋势的理解；论述题则考察学生对广告历史和现代广告行业的综合分析和评价。
四、参考教材与资料1、《中国广告史》，刘泓主编，中国传媒大学社；2、《外国广告史》，陈瑞贤主编，对外经济贸易大学社；3、《广告学概论》，刘守琴主编，高等教育社；4、《现代广告学》，杨继超主编，中国人民大学社。