北外基础英语2001[试卷及答案]
2001北京外国语大学高翻学院同声传译试题
2001 年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成英语 (35%不久前美国宇航局宣布,他们测得的数据显示,在最近两个月,南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯(Punta Arenas上空。
这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。
更为严重的是 ,这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。
许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生 ,臭氧距地面约 25-30 公里 ,能吸收 99%的太阳紫外线 ,可以说 ,它是地球生态环境的天然屏障 ,也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。
据科学家测算 ,大气中臭氧含量每减少 1%,太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加 2%,而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加 5%至 7%。
但现在 ,可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。
为了居民的身体健康 ,篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。
这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。
篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民, 最好不要在中午 11 点到下午 3 点之间外出 ,因为在阳光下曝晒 7 分钟左右 ,皮肤就会受到损伤。
据科学家们观测 ,臭氧空洞目前已达到 2800多万平方公里 ,而造成臭氧空洞的 , 正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质 ,才使臭氧越来越稀薄 ,最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。
虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大 ,还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致 ,但气温的升高 ,又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。
但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次,也是最后一次 !II.将下列单句译成英语 (15%1。
我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争 , 争取长时间的和平 , 集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。
2。
冷战后,世界形势出现了重大的变化,两极格局宣告终结,多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。
3。
近些年来 ,在经济全球化的冲击下,原有的分工格局和资源配置方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。
发达国家在调整,新兴工业化国家、发展中国家和经济转轨国家也在调整 ,尽管调整内容、难点各不相同。
北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009
北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷..................错误！未定义书签。
北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)...错误！未定义书签。
北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题. (1)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (6)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (21)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (26)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (30)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (34)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题Ⅰ.将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe,the most important powers in 1939were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China.After seizing the northern provinces of that country in1931and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo,Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China.These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China,which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of thetime look well organized,new trouble was almost certain to follow.(141words)Ⅱ.将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China’s least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem.Three people died and31were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease?nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case?its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries?but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than15per cent compared with a year earlier.Floods and other acts of God have had their effect,as has the global rise in wheat prices,but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up.The PPI for manufactured goods was up3.2per cent in October? many steel products rose by more than10per cent? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent10per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through.Given the likelihood thatmore state-controlled prices will have to rise,and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices,such as the cost of education,the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world,used to enjoying the“China price”,a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy.The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet?but it will.China’s currency has also been gently appreciating,but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices.If currency appreciation speeds up,that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked.Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend,to13.5per cent,but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.Interest rates have risen repeatedly,but with CPI inflation above6per cent,and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher,real interest rates are low.There must now be a low,but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems.That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China andfor the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long.But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left.(451words)Ⅲ.将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案
绝密▲启用前试卷类型：A2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（听力占20%）英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第一卷（三部分，共115分）1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目、试卷类型用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2. 每小题选了答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3. 考试结束，考和将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）作题时，选将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两人钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B. ￡9.15C.￡9.18答案为B。
1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concertB. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lessonC. He attended a meeting3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A.He’s anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He’s expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A. 3:00.B. 3:15.C. 5:00.5. What is the man’s problem>A.He can’t decide how to go.B.He can’t drive himself.C.He doesn’t like traveling by train.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
北外英语翻译资格中级笔译试题
教育部全国翻译证书考试2001年试题（中级笔译）2001年北外英语翻译资格中级笔译试题passage 1artificial speechbecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. the primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. you will simply talk to it. the device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. but soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those it-based services you currently connect with over the internet by means of a keyboard. this will help the internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks.changes like this will encompass the whole world. because english is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. we’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.there are those in the it community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. personally, i believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. but it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to beco me highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we’re developing now. small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. most economies have both types of markets. but the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. so, compared with farmers in canada, poor farmers in bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.what limits market opportunities? the transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. and barriers to entry for new participants. what increases them? institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency.yet not all institutions promote inclusive markets. institutional designs that evolve through historical circumstances or are directed by policy makers are not necessarily the best for all of society or for economic growth and poverty reduction. for instance, state agricultural marketing boards, instead of helping farmers, have often resulted in lower incomes for them in africa. and institutions that once supported market transactions can outlive their usefulness, for example, privatization agencies and bank restructuring agencies. the challenge for policymakers is to shape institutional development in ways that enhance economic developmentPart 2 Translation from Chinese into English 2 hoursPassage 1保姆校长常常听到一些大学校长说：“我把学生当自己的儿女看待。
二外英语2001试题+答案
北京外国语大学北京外国语大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目考试科目：：二外英语二外英语I. Each problem in thin part consists of a sentence in which ore word or phrase has been underlined. From the four choices given. You should choose the one word or phrase which could be substituted for the underlined word or phrase without changing the meaning of the sentence. (20%). 1.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.(A).protect (C).relieve(B).conserve (D).free 2.The new contact lenses made the woman blink her eyes much more than usual.(A).stain and stretch (C).rub(B).open and close (D).shade 3.The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.(A).quickly (C).aimlessly(B).excitedly (D).steadily 4.The little boy had had a long day, he was feeling drowsy.(A).Lazy (C).exhausted(B).sleepy (D).sad 5.Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.(A).desire for exercise (C).desire for sleep(B).desire for visitors (D).desire for food 6.The night was so foggy that the murderer was easily able to escape his pursers.(A).misty (C).mild(B).moist (D).messy 7.I knew my father would discipline me for my actions.(A).reward (C).congratulate(B).reprove (D).punish 8.He was able to mend the cup and saucer.(A).wash (C).decorate(B).repair (D).mold 9.The girl took a ling hike on her first morning at camp .(A).horseback ride (C).bicycle ride(B).walk (D).swim 10.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter.(A).sinful (C).absurd(B).tragic (D).unpardonable 11.The flowers will wither in a few hours.(A).blossom (C).open(B).dry up (D).revive 12.he was too old to keep up the pace for more than a few mils .(A).pretense (C).appearance(B).speed (D).practice 13.The candidate’s victory at the polls was overwhelming.(A).treachery (C).triumph(B).defeat (D).popularity14.By taking larger seams，it is a simple matter to alter the pattern to fit you(A).enlarge (C).shorten(B).change (D).design15.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken.(A).hide oneself (C).protect oneself(B).run away (D).hesitate16.The noisy throng of teenagers jammed the hall to hear the rock concert.(A).parents (C).crowd(B).quartet (D).class17.That matter is so confidential that it must not be discussed outside this office(A).important (C).interesting(B).secret (D).alarming18.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was contaminated(A).polluted (C).diluted(B).tinted (D).diverted19.The last weeks before Christmas are usually hectic, as people rush to get last-minute gifts.(A).happy (C).exciting(B).very (D).very busy20.At the stockholder’s meeting, the company spokesperson gave the shareholders the gist of the annual report.(A).copy (C).full details(B).main idea (D).good newsII. There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part .For each sentence there here are four choices marked A).,B).,C).,and D)..Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.(20%).1.She apologized for ______to come on time.(A).her not being able (C).her being not able(B).her being able not (D).she’s not being able2. ______ here yesterday, they would have been shocked.(A).Had the visiting group been (C).having the visiting group been(B).If the visiting group was (D).If the visiting group being3.The young couple seldom eat out at weekend because they have ______money.(A).so little (C).so few(B).very little (D).very few4.The work un the field continued ______torrential rain.(A).instead of (C).despite of(B).in spite of (D).even with5.The old man can't hope to ______his cold in few days.(A).get away (C).get over(B).get off (D).get out6.I wonder ______(A).how much costs the clock (C).how much the clock costs(B).how much does the clock cost (D).how much is this clock cost7.He is one of those who will be most enthusiastic over a hobby for a while, and then ______it for something else.(A).refuse (C).decline(B).ruin (D).drop8. He spoke slowly and clearly in order to make himself ______.(A).understood (C).to be understood(B).understand (D).to understand9.None of the servants were ______when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.(A).available (C).approachable(B).attainable (D).applicable10.He agrees to the proposal that the question ______to the vote.(A).is to be put (C).should put(B).will be put (D).be put11.A lot of people have tried , but ______have succeeded.(A).the few (C).few(B).a few (D).some12.Of the two watches , I prefer ______you showed us first.(A).that one (C).the one(B).the ones (D).those13.Fnmldy speaking, it is difficult for me to ______what he wrote.(A).make (C).make out(B).make for (D).make from14.Only when an enterprise profits ______increase.(A).can employees’ salaries and benefits(C).does employee’s salaries and benefits(B).employees’ salaries and benefits can(D).did employee’s salaries and benefits15.Both of you ______responsible for the accident(A).are (C).is(B).am (D).be16.She has such a bad cold that she lost all ______of smell.(A).sensitivity (C).sense(B).means (D).power17.Edison had only one suit ______very little money, and which he wore until it was thin.(A).which cost (c).that costs(B).which costs (D).which was cost18.Our sport team, ______, was good. Only one player didn't do so well.(A).as a whole (C).all in all(B).on the whole (D).ark-tall!9.Thirty people were expected, but only twenty-four ______(A).turned in (C).tuned over(B).turned out (D).turned up20.he was ______hurt ______ frightened .(A).much...and (C).more...than(B).so...and that (D).very...and thenIII. Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given. (20%).Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were long, tiring, and often dangerous They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as widen sticks or stone club, and by lighting fires at night and above all, by keeping together.Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree trunks and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel moss water.Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things, This is still the main reason why we travel today.Traveling, of course, has now become a highly or organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, ticket, luggage, and a hundred and one other things, If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.As I am neither sociable nor adventurous, I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair. I like thinking of all those journeys that, despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make. I should like, for example, to have arrived in the world by stork. I should like to travel faster than time and have a look at the year A. D. 2050 or go back into the past and talk to famous men.I should also like to travel like a shell across ocean floors where I could explore the wrecks of ships and see curious fish that men have never seen.Although we shall never make journeys such as these, there are others that will soon be made which fifty years ago would have seemed impossible.Scientists have invented machines that can explore outer space. Eventually there will be cheap day excursions to the moon and honeymoons on Venus. People will be able to fly from one planet to another in nasty little arrow-shaped tubes I say “people” because I have no intention of being one of them.1.In primitive times men traveled(A).for joy(B).from necessity(C).to broaden the mind(D).to escape from the wild animals2. Which of these statements is NOT true, according to the reading passage. Their journeys were long, tiring and often dangerous, so(A).they had to arm themselves with wooden sticks.(B).they protected themselves with stone clubs.(C).they had to travel in groups.(D).they never traveled at night3. Later, they found it easier to travel because(A).they could travel by wagons.(B).they could ride on their tame animals and go across water in hollowed tree trunks.(C).the roads were splendid.(D).the climates were favourable.4.The author says “I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair.” This means(A).the author likes sitting in his armchair, dreaming of journeys which man can never make.(B).the author doesn't like traveling at all.(C).the author is a disabled man(D).the author will take his armchair with him wherever he travels.5.Traveling has now become a highly organized business(A).so we can travel anywhere without difficulty.(B).because we are provided with all kinds of convenient means for traveling.(C).because traveling organizations can be found in the countries the world over.(D).so travelers have increased rapidly.6.Which of the following journeys will man be able to make in the future?(A).flying to another planets(B).going back into the past(C).traveling faster than time to have a look at the year 2050.(D).a cheap day excursion to the sun7.The author is a man(A).who likes to make adventures(B).who isn't fond of keeping company with the others.(C).who prefers doing his traveling alone.(D).who is interested in exploring outer space8. ...despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make those journeys.“despite his creativeness” means(A).since man is not so creative as he should be.(B).as man is not clever enough.(C).although man is creative(D).no matter how hard man works9....to escape from hostile neighbors...“hostile” means(A).talkative(B).hotheaded(C).enthusiastic(D).unfriendly10.Which of the following sentences is correct (Pay attention to the use of the word “travel”).(A).what sort of a travel did they have?(B).did you have a good travel?(C).have you read “The Travels of Marco Polo”?(D).the travels that he made in the Arctic mc not his only claim to fame.F IV Fo o r each blank in the following passage,passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below .(20%).given below .(20%).An 80-year-old man from Cincinnati in America is making legal history by suingdoctors who saved his life .Edward winter has witnessed his wife's death from a 1 attack .The doctors had tried to restart her heart with an electric 2 with remarkable success, but leaving her brain 3 .Her death was a long and 4 experience which he did not want to go through himself. After she diedhe asked his doctor 5 to save him in 6 circumstances ,but instead to let him die 7 While out visiting in May 1988, Mr Winter 8 the heart attack which he so dreaded, and was rushed to St Francis hospital in Cincinnati. The doctor who9 him wrote down on his chart that he was not to he10 but the duty nurse was not informed of Mr Winter’s 11 .The nurse took the usual 12 action and tried to revive him withan electric shock. His life was saved 13 the treatment was not completely successful. Since then he 14 stay in a nursing home, partially15 and barelyably to speak without weeping. Though there is 16 hope of improvement in his condition, doctors say he could 17 many more years. The hospital 18 hisstory,arguing that the injury suffered by Mr Winter is the19 of an act of God and they 20 him over $60,000 for saving his life.1.(A)heart (B)liver (C)brain (D)nerves2 (A)system (B)shock (C)device (D)operation3.(A)destroyed (B)disintegrated (C)dismembered (D)damaged4.(A)peaceful (B)unconscious (C)painful (D)harmless5.(A)not try (B)try (C)not to try (D)to try6.(A)similar (B)critical (C)serious (D)crucial7.(A)quickly (B)naturally (C)peacefully (D)comfortably8.(A)caught (B)suffered (C)passed (D)avoided9.(A)saw (B)knew (C)admitted (D)nursed10.(A)dead (B)neglected (C)alive (D)revived11.(A)condition (B)verdict (C)preference (D)wishes12.(A)emergency (B)urgency (C)crucial (D)immediacy13.(A)except (B)but (C)and (D)instead14.(A)had had to (B)had to (C)has had to (D)has to15.(A)paralyzed (B)anaethesized (C)intoxicated (D)crumped16.(A)little (B)much (C)some (D)such17.(A)struggle (B)survive (C)stay (D)endure18.(A)dislikes (B)proves (C)supports (D)disputes19.(A)subsequence (B)influence (C)punishment (D)consequence20.(A)donated (B)charged (C)lent (D)sparedV Tran V Trans s late the following paragraph into English(20%)late the following paragraph into English(20%)书在我们的教育中起着至关重要的作用。
北外英语翻译资格考试2001(初级笔译)
北外英语翻译资格证书考试2001年试题（初级笔译）作者：网络来源：转载浏览次数：448 添加时间：2007-11-26 21:19:32北外英语翻译资格证书考试2001年试题（一）初级笔译考试时间：180分钟Part 1Translation from English into Chinese 1 hour 30 minutesRead the following two passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write you answers on this paper.You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper..Passage 1Head injuriesAlice was a B-plus student through her first three years at college. During the winter holidays in her senior year, while she was driving during a storm, her car ran off the road and hit a tree. Alice banged her head on the steering wheel but never lost consciousness. She was treated for bruises and discharged from the hospital within a day.But, back at her studies, she began to have difficulties. Suddenly her As and Bs were becoming Cs. She had trouble remembering what she’d read and was irritable and easily distracted.Alice was referred to a neuropsychologist for further examination. Although her IQ hadn’t changed and standard neurological tests were normal, detailed neuropsychological tests showed she was having memory problems. She could still process new information, but it took longer than before and she became “overloaded” if she tried to do too much at once.Head injuries are often fatal, or of sufficient severity to require the hospitalization of victims. But there is a large group of people who sustain head injuries which can go undetectedthrough ordinary medical examination. These are the people who seemingly recover from their injuries but still suffer subtle intellectual and behavioural effects that may seriously impair their ability to work and interact normally with other people. They are the victims of what experts call a “silent epidemic”. Some never lost consciousness and others never even suffered a direct blow to the head, yet brain damage occurred. （三）中级笔译考试时间：240分钟Part 1Translation from English into Chinese 2 hoursRead the following two passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write you answers on this paper.You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.Passage 1Artificial speechBecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. The primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. You will simply talk to it. The device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.Just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. Many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. But soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those IT-based services you currently connect with over the Internet by means of a keyboard. This will help the Internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks. Changes like this will encompass the whole world. Because English is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.Within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for acomputer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 y ears off. We’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.There are those in the IT community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. Personally, I believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. But it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to become highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. Perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplan t the methods we’re developing now.Small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. Lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. Most economies have both types of markets. But the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.Developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. Underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. So, compared with farmers in Canada, poor farmers in Bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.。
北外基础英语试题及答案
北外基础英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the capital of China?A. BeijingB. ShanghaiC. GuangzhouD. Shenzhen答案：A2. Which of the following is not a fruit?A. AppleB. BananaC. TomatoD. Potato答案：D3. How do you say "你好" in English?A. HelloB. GoodbyeC. Thank youD. Sorry答案：A4. What does "abandon" mean?A. To leave something behindB. To pick up somethingC. To keep somethingD. To repair something答案：A5. Fill in the blank: "I have a _______ to attend."A. meetingB. partyC. concertD. exam答案：D6. The opposite of "agree" is:A. DisagreeB. AgreeC. LikeD. Prefer答案：A7. What is the past tense of "do"?A. DidB. DoC. DoesD. Done答案：A8. Who wrote the novel "Pride and Prejudice"?A. Jane AustenB. Charles DickensC. William ShakespeareD. Mark Twain答案：A9. Which of the following is a musical instrument?A. PianoB. ViolinC. GuitarD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the abbreviation for "television"?A. TVB. VCRC. DVDD. CD答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The _______ of the United States is Washington D.C.答案：capital12. The _______ of the Earth is the center around which it orbits the Sun.答案：sun13. "I have a dream" is a famous speech by _______.答案：Martin Luther King Jr.14. The word "photograph" comes from the Greek words "photo" meaning light and "graph" meaning _______.答案：writing15. The chemical symbol for water is _______.答案：H2O16. The largest organ in the human body is the _______.答案：skin17. The process of photosynthesis in plants involves the conversion of _______ and water into glucose and oxygen.答案：carbon dioxide18. The formula for calculating the area of a rectangle is length times _______.答案：width19. The term "billion" in the United States refers to a thousand _______.答案：millions20. The phrase "break the ice" is used to describe an action that helps to _______ a social situation.答案：ease三、阅读理解（每题3分，共15分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It was built to protect the Chinese empire from invasions. The construction of the wall started in the 7th century BC and was continued by various dynasties until the 17th century. The Great Wall stretches over 13,000 miles and is visible from space.21. What was the primary purpose of building the Great Wallof China?A. To serve as a landmarkB. To protect the Chinese empireC. To connect different regionsD. To promote tourism答案：B22. When did the construction of the Great Wall begin?A. 17th centuryB. 7th century BCC. 20th centuryD. 18th century答案：B23. How long is the Great Wall of China?A. 3,000 milesB. 13,000 milesC. 30,000 milesD. 130 miles答案：B24. Which dynasty was the last to contribute to the construction of the Great Wall?A. Han dynastyB. Tang dynastyC. Ming dynastyD. Qing dynasty答案：D25. Is the Great Wall of China visible from space?A. YesB. No答案：A四、翻译题（每题5分，共10分）26. 请将以下中文句子翻译成英文：“春天是。
2001年八级试卷及答案
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.) 2001 TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre.” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now the thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a family destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mildly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nations to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness within ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of contending that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Because of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and mos t people don’t go in above their knees anyway—and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the year, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain had hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in which Luxembourg had more listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the sea. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European Union, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the whole of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front more visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, had become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway,” says Wood, “so we decided to make aesthetic improvements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool recently spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seating around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years ago is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comfortably the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it, “you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that crowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Blackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a sandcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.”Welsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summer. I countedjust 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Except for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is like this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we were young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helicopters and goodness knows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see those days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I pointed out.“For the moment,” Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to the town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invitation to a hear t attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was setting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water hiss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the streets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of dusk the town looked peaceful and happy—enchanting even—and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I realized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standards of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxembourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story.) In each case investors—mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans—all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panickedinvestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ split the difference—and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most clichés, the catchphrase “crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recovery—and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all—as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia—which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls—also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news—even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF’s advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform—whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes,” said Spencer Wells. The book he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written, and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings,with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events.” Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.“It’s part of our nature, this movement,”Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colonizers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events and migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. remoteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with originalartists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. The thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is no society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of putting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot explain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals had in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of feeling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creative work is that ___.A. they care about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the public.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication system.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individuals feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the societyPart III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [ 10 MIN.]There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?A. The Telegraph.B. The News of the WorldC. The GuardianD. The Financial Times2. The British media have many important functions. Which of the following is an exception?A.They supply people with news, keeping them informed about what is happening in theworld.B.They make huge profit by publishing advertisements.C.They promoted culture and education.D.They provide entertainment.3. Super Bowl is the name of final match of _______.A. American FootballB. BasketballC. volleyballD. Tennis.4. What does NBA stand for in US?A. National Baseball AssociationB. National Basketball AssociationC. Native Basketball ActivityD. National Broadcasting Association5. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist _______ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare6. English Renaissance Period was an age of ____.A. prose and novelB. Poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs7. ____ is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Sherwood AndersonB. Stephen CraneC. Jack LondonD. Theodore Dresier8. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the late 19th and early 20th century with the exception of _____.A. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate Chopin9. A ____ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator10. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ____.A. semanticsB. sociolinguisticsC. pragmaticsD. psycholinguisticsPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.)During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8. government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.buy, sell, and set prices.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.)TEXT A短文大意：本文介绍的是一个叫做Blackpool的地方。
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北京外国语大学2001年研究生入学考试基础英语试卷ⅠA nation dividedWhat to do about the ever widening gulf between rich and poor?Mortimer B. Zuckerman We are becoming two nations. The prosperous are rapidly getting more prosperous and the poor are slowly getting poorer. George W. Bush did well to rebuke his party when House Republicans maneuvered to balance the budget by proposing to delay the earned income tax credit for the working poor—paying it in monthly installments rather than an annual lump sum. “I don’t think they ought to balance the budget on the backs of the poor,” Bush said. Instead, it is time for aspiring leaders to ponder how the two nations might more closely become one.The American economy is growing dramatically. But this prosperity is being distributed very unevenly. The America that is doing well is doing very well indeed. But most benefits have gone to those who work in industries where the main product is information. The losers have been the producers of tangible goods and personal services—even teachers and health care providers. The high-tech information economy has been growing at approximately 10 times the rate of the older industrial economy. It has enjoyed substantial job growth, the highest productivity gains（about 30 percent a year）, and bigger profits. It can therefore afford bigger wage gains（about four times that of the older economy）. And this wage gap is likely to widen for years to come.The rich get richer.The concentration of wealth is even more dramatic. New York University economist Edward Wolff points out that the top 20 percent of Americans account for more than 100 percent of the total growth in wealth from 1983 to 1997 while the bottom 80 percent lost 7 percent. Another study found that the top 1percent saw their after-tax income jump 115 percent in the past 22 years. The top fifth have seen an after-tax increase of 43 percent during the same period while the bottom fifth of all Americans—including many working mothers—have seen their after-tax incomes fall 9 percent. The result is that 4 out of 5 households—some 217 million people—will take home a thinner slice of the economic pie than they did 22 years ago.There are those who point out that these income figures do not fully reflect the improvement in the standard of living and say that attention should be paid to what Americans own, what they buy, and how they live, A fair point. Two economists, W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm, have revealed that each person in the average household today has 814 square feet of living space compared with 478 square feet in 1970;that 62 percent of all households own two or more vehicles compared with 29 percent back then; that the number of gas ranges has increased sixfold, air travel four times, and the median household wealth—i.e., the family right in the middle—has jumped dramatically. Even given such improvements in life quality, our public policy must not exacerbate the disproportionate concentrations of wealth.Fortunately, Americans are pragmatists. They know that what you earn depends on what you 大家论坛-英语专业考研版-真题+资料汇总/thread-2407892-1-1.htmllearn, especially in a digital economy; so 83 percent of our children now complete four years of high school, compared with 55 percent in 1970.This is good news. But vast numbers of people feel marginalized in an information-based economy. For too many, work no longer provides the kinds of wages and promotions that allow them to achieve economic success or security. Wage increases do not substantially increase their real income, so they have to work longer hours, get a higher-paying shift, or find another job. These are the people who are particularly concerned about the benefits they stand to gain from Medicare and Social Security. If they do manage to put together a successful strategy to survive, they should not be hit with sudden shocks—like the denial of the lump-sum tax credit.Bush may have discomfited his Republican colleagues, but his words served to remind that they are out of touch with the realities of life for so many Americans. He later softened his criticism, but it is time, nevertheless, for a more generous leadership from the House Republicans. They should not berate Bush. Indeed, they may well find themselves in his dept should his appeal to the center of American politics provide them the coattails they will need when voters head to the polls in just over a year.1. Explain the underlined part in English, bringing out the implied meaning, it there is any:（22%）（1）I don’t think…of the poor （3%）（2）The result is…22 years ago （3%）（3）A fair point. （2%）（4）our public policy…wealth （3%）（5）vast numbers…economy （3%）（6）These are…Social Security （3%）（7）they may well find…over a year. （3%）2. Answer he following questions briefly and to the point（13%）（1）What does it mean by the title “A Nation Divided ”? （3%）（2）What is the main reason for the widening gap of income, according to the writer?（5%）（3）How does the writer propose to solve the problem?（5%）Ⅱ. Translate the following into Chinese（25%）1. I can’t thank you enough.（2%）2. He suggested to me that more was to be gained than lost by full disclosure. I could not have agreed more.（2%）3. They could hardly have been more wrong. （2%）4. The conspirators had ganged together, their confidence growing with their number.（2%）5. Greed of money is not one of his faults.（2%）6. The convention bought time, it could not bring settlement.（2%）7. The reaty was approved by the Senate, with only one vote to spare.（2%）8. We agree to disagree without being disagreeable.（2%）9. His past is no more immune to scrutiny than anyone else’s.（2%）10. He knew that I knew that he guessed that I had guessed “Mister Williams”was Bill Stephenson. （2%）大家论坛-英语专业考研版-真题+资料汇总/thread-2407892-1-1.html11. The novels of Terror, set in some vague but picturesque foreign country and in some vague but picturesque historic period, told of haunted castles and sinister monks and mysterious crimes and high-born villains intent on the ruin of high-born beautiful maidens.（5%）Ⅲ. Translate the following passage into English（40%）秋风里的巴黎一下飞机，已经感觉到了巴黎的秋末了，刮起了略寒的风，空气中水分很足，润润的。