文体学--VarietiesPPT课件
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文体学Varieties of language部分
And cutting across these social boundaries are differences in the ways of women and men, old and young. Each group tends to have its distinctive ways of speaking.
A variety which correlates with the various periods of the development of language is called TEMPORAL DIALECT.
Regional dialect
Language varies from region to region. Owing to the physical boundaries of oceans and mountains, people who live in different places tend to develop different speech patterns.
So there are individual, temporal, regional, social and standard varieties respectively.
DIATYPIC VARIETIES
commonly called REGISTERs
are language variations that are associated with the different use to which they are put.
Ethnic varieties
Ethnic groups tend to develop and maintain distinctive speech ways of their own. Hence the rise of ethnic varieties.
A variety which correlates with the various periods of the development of language is called TEMPORAL DIALECT.
Regional dialect
Language varies from region to region. Owing to the physical boundaries of oceans and mountains, people who live in different places tend to develop different speech patterns.
So there are individual, temporal, regional, social and standard varieties respectively.
DIATYPIC VARIETIES
commonly called REGISTERs
are language variations that are associated with the different use to which they are put.
Ethnic varieties
Ethnic groups tend to develop and maintain distinctive speech ways of their own. Hence the rise of ethnic varieties.
文体学五种文体PPT
——Declaration of Independence
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Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
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Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
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Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
5
Formal style
Definition:Formal style is used before a large audience such as formal lectures,inaugural address of president elect,scientific reports.
——US Vice President's Speech at Fudan University
7
Consultative style
Definition:Consultative style is used for conducting most business matters,such as talking with strangers,buying things in a shop ,asking the way in the sreet.
4
Example
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness……
Definition:Casual style is the language used for situations in which no social barriers are felt by the participants.It is the language used among friends acquaintances,insiders,and people with shared knowledge.
文体学 Varieties
Southern American
South Central, Southern, Appalachian
Chinese：
Cantonese 方言
4) Social Dialect
a) Socialeconomic Status Varieties; b) Ethnic Varieties; c) Gender Varieties; d) Age Varieties
Lead in
Policeman: What’s your name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Dr Poussaint. I am a physician. Policeman: What’s your first name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Alvin
Also
General American (Standard American)
Pacific NW, Pacific SW, Central, North Central
Eastern American
New England, New York City, MidAtlantic, Western Pennsylvania
Classification 1 User: historical varieties, regional dialect, social dialect Use: legal, journalistic, business, scientific, literary Social relations: medium—oral/ written and status/ attitude Quirk et al (Grammar of Contemporary English, 1972: 14): The fact that…the “Common Core” dominates all the varieties means that, however esoteric or remote a variety may be, it has running through it a set of grammatical and other characteristics that are present in all others. It is presumably this fact that justifies the application of the name “English”.
英语文体学 PPT
General stylistics: concentrating on the general features of various types of language use, including literary discourses and other practical styles
General stylistics
Some Senses of style
1) A man's style is his mind's voice. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
2) Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style. (Jonathan Swift)
Introduction to Stylistics
I. Introduction
What is stylistics? Modern Stylistics:
General Stylistics, Literary Stylistics
The Scope of Studies
Literary stylistics: concentrating on the unique features of various literary works, such as poem, novel, prose, drama…
Some Senses of style
5) Style is a shell surrounding a preexisting core of thought. It is regarded as an addition to a central core of thought or expression. (Nils Erik Enkvist)）
General stylistics
Some Senses of style
1) A man's style is his mind's voice. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
2) Proper words in proper places makes the true definition of a style. (Jonathan Swift)
Introduction to Stylistics
I. Introduction
What is stylistics? Modern Stylistics:
General Stylistics, Literary Stylistics
The Scope of Studies
Literary stylistics: concentrating on the unique features of various literary works, such as poem, novel, prose, drama…
Some Senses of style
5) Style is a shell surrounding a preexisting core of thought. It is regarded as an addition to a central core of thought or expression. (Nils Erik Enkvist)）
英语文体学ppt-Varieties in relation to attitude
politeness
Politeness refers to
How languages expressed the social distance between the speakers and their different role-relationships;
How face-work,that is,the attempt to establish,maintain,and save face during conversation,is carried out in a speech community
The consultative style
①Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest metro station?
②A: What can I do for you? B: I’d like to buy some primary taste yogurt .
In English,degrees of politeness are indicated by intonation patterns address forms and some other markers. A rising tone or a falling-rising tone used in commands,invitations,greetings or farewells,often indicates politeness. Excuse me? Thank you! It is very kind of you!
Chapter 6
Varieties in relation to attitude
Degrees of formality
文体学 课件
A brief summaryStylistics is a newly-born study, it was in the 1960s that stylistic study really began to flourish in Great Britain and the United States. Professor Wang Zuoliang is the first person in China to study it.The stylistics we are discussing here is Modern Stylistics, a discipline that applies concepts and techniques of modern linguistics to the study of styles of language use. It has two subdivisions: General Stylistics and Literary Stylistics, with the latter concentrating solely on unique features of various literary works, and the former on the general features of various types of language use.1.2.1 Speech Acts1.2.2 Speech Events1.2.3 Text / Message / Discourse1. Substantial2. Formal3. SituationalIt is this contextual relationship between the substance and form of a speech event on the one hand and the situation in which it occurs on the other, which gives what is normally called “meaning” to utterance. In other words, context determines meaning of features in situation.e.g.My beloved grandfather has just passed to his heavenly reward.My dear grandfather has just expired.My grandfather has just passed away.My grandfather has died.同是表达“死”这个概念，但场合不同，表达方式也不同。
文体学Varieties of language部分
Individual dialect --- Idiolect
A specific person will display his or her own features of speech or writing habits.
The traits of speech or writing often point to a person’s individuality which leads to a person’s style.
VARIETIES OF LANGUAGE
语言变体
Outline
Two kinds of varieties Dialects Registers The mutual dependence between register
and dialect The social meaning of language varieties
The choice is determined by the convention that a certain kind of language is appropriate to a certain use.
The occasion can be classified along three dimensions, each presenting an aspect of the situation and the part played by the language in them.
and they yield two main kinds of situational varieties: dialectal and diatypic.
DIALECTAL VARIETIES commonly called DIALECTs are language variations that are
文体学五种文体演示课件
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Example
“Daddy,where you been?” “Hunting for a rabbit's skin to wrap my little Bonnie in.Give your best sweetheart a kiss,Bonnie---and you too,Ella.”
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Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
--------Gone with the Wind
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Thank you!
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Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contractions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.
Example
“Daddy,where you been?” “Hunting for a rabbit's skin to wrap my little Bonnie in.Give your best sweetheart a kiss,Bonnie---and you too,Ella.”
6
Example
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we're delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.
Features: A.This vatiety reflects the most basic and common features among 5 varieties. B.Sentences are not too long,words are plain and are often arranged in normal order. C.Some grammatical phenomena not preferred like participles used as adverbials. D.No variation in diction. E.Sentences often begin with:well,but,so...
--------Gone with the Wind
13
Thank you!
14
Fatures: A. First name in greeting,no formal title. B.Often uses fragments,contractions,slang. C.Often used in more relaxed situation as in domitory. D.There is a greater variation from region to region,from one social group to another than formal and other styles.
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Quirk et al (Grammar of Contemporary English, 1972: 14): The fact that…the “Common Core” dominates all the varieties means that, however esoteric or remote a variety may be, it has running through it a set of grammatical and other characteristics that are present in all others. It is presumably this fact that justifies the application of the name “English”.
two varieties 4. The Social meaning of Language
varieties 5. Summary
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4
1. Different views on Varieties
Classification according to user, use and social relations—
Varieties; Enthic Varieties; Gender Varieties;Age Varieties Range of intelligibility(可理解性的范围） standard；non-satandard
3. In what way can stylistic study help us achieve adaptation in translation ?
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2
Lead in
Policeman: What’s your name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Dr Poussaint. I am a
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5
Classification 1
User: historical varieties, regional dialect, social dialect
Use: legal, journalistic, business, scientific, literary
Social relations: medium—oral/ written and status/ attitude
Classification 3(侯维瑞) *情景变体：语域 *地方变体：地域方言 *社会变体：社会方言—社会阶层、民族、性别、年龄、
行业团体、俚语（社会变体与情景变体的混合） *功能变体：功能文体—文学、广告、新闻、科技、法律 *时间变体：tin Joos根据语体的正式程度把语 言分为五类
Sociolinguist Joshua Fishaman suggested that we consider “who speaks (or writes) what language (or what language variety) to whom and when and to what end.”(1972: 46)
Consultative:
Goodbye. Have a good weekend.
Casual:
Bye now – take care.
Intimate:
later, darlin’.
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2.Two kinds of Varieties
2.1 Dialectal Varieties: Dialects
(1)熟近(intimate) (2)随便(casual) (3)商榷(consultative) (4)正式(formal) (5)僵化(frozen)
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Partings
Frozen:
Farewell, and Godspeed.
Formal:
Goodbye. We look forward to seeing you again.
physician. Policeman: What’s your first name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Alvin
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3
Outline
1. Different views on Varieties 2. Two Kinds of Varieties 3. The Mutual Dependence between
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6
Classification 2 (张德禄) Personal letters, tourist guide, foreign trade
writing, news reporting, comments, advertising, scientific writing, official document, biography, practical speeches, legal documents, religious writings
3.Varieties of Language
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1
Questions
1.In what way can stylistic study help us Cultivate a Sense of Appropriateness
2.In what way can stylistic study help us sharpen the understanding and appreciation of literary works ?
2.2 Diatypic Varieties: Registers (P25)
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2.1. Dialects
Individual Dialects---Idiolect Temporal Dialect： Old English/ Middle
English/ Modern English Regional Dialect Social Dialect--- Social Economic Status
two varieties 4. The Social meaning of Language
varieties 5. Summary
-
4
1. Different views on Varieties
Classification according to user, use and social relations—
Varieties; Enthic Varieties; Gender Varieties;Age Varieties Range of intelligibility(可理解性的范围） standard；non-satandard
3. In what way can stylistic study help us achieve adaptation in translation ?
-
2
Lead in
Policeman: What’s your name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Dr Poussaint. I am a
-
5
Classification 1
User: historical varieties, regional dialect, social dialect
Use: legal, journalistic, business, scientific, literary
Social relations: medium—oral/ written and status/ attitude
Classification 3(侯维瑞) *情景变体：语域 *地方变体：地域方言 *社会变体：社会方言—社会阶层、民族、性别、年龄、
行业团体、俚语（社会变体与情景变体的混合） *功能变体：功能文体—文学、广告、新闻、科技、法律 *时间变体：tin Joos根据语体的正式程度把语 言分为五类
Sociolinguist Joshua Fishaman suggested that we consider “who speaks (or writes) what language (or what language variety) to whom and when and to what end.”(1972: 46)
Consultative:
Goodbye. Have a good weekend.
Casual:
Bye now – take care.
Intimate:
later, darlin’.
-
9
2.Two kinds of Varieties
2.1 Dialectal Varieties: Dialects
(1)熟近(intimate) (2)随便(casual) (3)商榷(consultative) (4)正式(formal) (5)僵化(frozen)
-
8
Partings
Frozen:
Farewell, and Godspeed.
Formal:
Goodbye. We look forward to seeing you again.
physician. Policeman: What’s your first name, boy? Black psychiatrist: Alvin
-
3
Outline
1. Different views on Varieties 2. Two Kinds of Varieties 3. The Mutual Dependence between
-
6
Classification 2 (张德禄) Personal letters, tourist guide, foreign trade
writing, news reporting, comments, advertising, scientific writing, official document, biography, practical speeches, legal documents, religious writings
3.Varieties of Language
-
1
Questions
1.In what way can stylistic study help us Cultivate a Sense of Appropriateness
2.In what way can stylistic study help us sharpen the understanding and appreciation of literary works ?
2.2 Diatypic Varieties: Registers (P25)
-
10
2.1. Dialects
Individual Dialects---Idiolect Temporal Dialect： Old English/ Middle
English/ Modern English Regional Dialect Social Dialect--- Social Economic Status