权利法案_美国__中英文

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权利法案中英文版

权利法案中英文版The Rights Bill 英文原文：The Rights Bill, officially known as the Bill of Rights, is a crucial piece of legislation in many countries around the world, including the United States. Its purpose is to protect and guarantee certain fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. The Bill of Rights forms an essential part of the constitution and ensures that the government respects and upholds the rights of its citizens.The Rights Bill is a cornerstone of democratic societies and embodies the principles of equality, justice, and liberty. It includes provisions that safeguard citizens' freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and the right to bear arms. These rights are considered fundamental and are deemed necessary for the functioning of a free and fair society.One of the most significant aspects of the Rights Bill is its protection of individual rights against government abuse of power. It establishes rules and limitations on governmental actions, preventing encroachments on civil liberties. The Bill ensures that the government cannot unlawfully search or seize property without probable cause, guarantees the right to a fair trial, and prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.Moreover, the Rights Bill grants citizens the right to privacy and protects them from unreasonable searches and surveillance. It underscores the importance of personal autonomy and establishes clear boundaries regarding government intrusion into people's private lives.The Rights Bill also addresses issues of due process and protects individuals from arbitrary deprivation of life, liberty, or property. It ensures that all citizens are entitled to fair and impartial treatment by the legal system. Additionally, it guarantees the right to legal representation, the right to confront accusers, and the right to remain silent during police interrogations.In addition to protecting individual rights, the Rights Bill also includes provisions regarding the rights of minority groups. It prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation. This ensures equal treatment and opportunities for all individuals within society.The Rights Bill is not without controversy. Some argue that certain rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights may conflict with the greater good or national security. There are ongoing debates regarding the interpretation and application of these rights in specific situations. Balancing individual freedoms with collective interests remains a challenge for lawmakers and the judiciary.In conclusion, the Rights Bill plays a vital role in safeguarding the rights and freedoms of individuals in democratic societies. Its provisions protect citizens from government encroachment, ensure due process, and promote equality. The Bill of Rights symbolizes the commitment to a fair and just society, where every individual is entitled to basic human rights and liberties.。

美国人权法案-英文版

The United States Bill of Rights. The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United StatesPassed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791“The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of The Pennsylvania State University’s ElectronicClassic’s Series, Jim Manis, Senior Faculty Editor.The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.This publication of “The United States Bill of Rights” is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way.“The United States Bill of Rights” the Pennsylvania State University, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18201-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them.Copyright © 1998 The Pennsylvania State UniversityThe Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity University.I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the free-dom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to pe-tition the Government for a redress of griev-ances.II A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.III No soldier shall, in time of peace be quar-tered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shallThe United States Bill of Rights.The Ten Original Amendments to the Constitution of the United States Passed by Congress September 25, 1789Ratified December 15, 1791issue, but upon probble cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describ-ing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same of-fense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compen-sation.VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been com-mitted, which district shall have been previ-ously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit-nesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.VII In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.The Bill of RightsVIII Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un-usual punishments inflicted.IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States re-spectively, or to the people.The Bill of Rights。

美国权利法案原文

权利法案原文第一条Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

第二条A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

第三条No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。

第四条The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。

权利法案

发展历史
1787年美国宪法草案提交各州立法机构批准时，有些人提出了宪法无法保障人民基本权利的疑虑(很多人都持怀疑态度，甚至敌视，当时问世的7条正文，没有一条是保障公民人身自由与安全的人权条款)。对此，支持宪法草案的美国联邦党人向美国人民保证，将会在第一届国会会期时在宪法中加入权利法案。同时杰弗逊等人奔走呼吁，要求在宪法中增加包括信仰自由、出版自由、陪审制度等人权条款。以保证“生命权、自由权和追求幸福之权”(独立宣言)。
权利法案包括了言论、新闻、宗教与集社等方面的自由与权利。权利法案也向美国人民保证，权利法案中所列出的权利并不是美国人民所能够享有的全部权利，而仅仅是人民所拥有的最重要的权利。
1789年最初有12条修正案被提出，但其中2条未能通过。1791年12月15日，其余的10条修正案获得通过，成为现在所称的《权利法案》。权利法案草案中的第11条在1992年最终获得批准，成为宪法第27条修正案。这条修正案禁止国会随意提高对议员的薪酬。理论上说，第12条的权利法案草案依然在讨论中，但是不太可能获得通过。
影响与评价
《权利法案》的第一条，即美国宪法第一修正案对美国影响巨大。美国媒体所享有的一切自由都源于此，在美国，凡是涉及言论、新闻、出版等诉讼，往往都会搬出此，它几乎成为美国媒体或个人言论自由的护身符，不可动摇。以至于美国人把它颂扬为“美国生活方式”的主要内容。但是《权利法案》没有修正宪法的一个重大缺陷，即对奴隶制的确认，这使后来的南方地区农奴制扩张大大增长。
译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。
第二条（Amendment II）
A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.

《权利法案》名词解释

《权利法案》名词解释《权利法案》英文原名是Bill of Rights，由马萨诸塞州议会通过，该法案授予英国国王在美国境内自由发行钞票、铸造货币、征收关税、统领海军等权力。

美国独立宣言的主要目的是防止专制，解放黑奴，保障人民自由，建立联邦，拥护独立。

由于这次革命是以北美殖民地人民为代表的资产阶级革命，所以又叫做“人民革命”。

它打破了英国君主的专制统治，扫清了美国革命的道路，所以又叫做“资产阶级革命”。

《权利法案》就是英国历史上第一部资产阶级成文宪法。

当时的美国政治体系是联邦与州共存，联邦政府和州政府互相独立，这样形成了各自相对独立的政治局面。

英国女王维多利亚和大陆会议之间有明显的不同。

这里需要说明的是英国最高决策机构“英国议会”的选举方式。

在英国，由于立法权属于国会，所以参加议会投票的代表必须是大陆上的英国居民，即白种人，非英国的任何其他族群都不具备选举权。

中世纪的欧洲，绝大多数国家都实行长子继承制。

一个国家的王位继承法，基本上决定了该国政治格局。

因此，英国是如何保持稳定的统一局面的？这与《权利法案》有密切关系。

英国自古以来，都是世袭制的君主专制国家。

当时的美国虽然也是君主专制，但是宪法规定了美国人民享有“不可剥夺的生命、自由和财产权”。

也就是说，美国人民的生命、自由和财产权，受到了法律的保护。

而英国是没有任何保护的。

这是《权利法案》的基础。

但到了13世纪，随着英国君主专制统治的加强，国王们开始滥用权力，一些贵族、地主不断积累起来的经济和政治势力也逐渐膨胀起来。

为了更好的掌握国家的统治权，他们不断的结成各种各样的政治同盟，最终导致了英国君主专制的日益衰落。

英国国王想把英国的权力集中到自己手里，以便永远统治英国。

在封建社会末期，也就是英国资产阶级革命爆发前夕，逐步确立起了限制王权的思想观念——分权学说。

《权利法案》正式颁布后，人们称呼这部法典为《权利法案》。

它标志着英国君主立宪制度的建立。

《权利法案》的出现，使得英国成为世界上第一个真正意义上的民主共和国。

Affirmtive Action-美国“权利法案”的英文辩论稿

Con: When there exists discrimination, then there comes Affirmative Action. As we all can see, although racial segregation has been banned lawfully, discrimination still exists everywhere. For example, jobs and opportunities of receiving education were distributed unfairly. The colored people and woman who suffer from low levels of early education were always having trouble to find jobs or go to universities. It’s not equal at all. As minorities, they can hardly beat the majority, so it’s necessary to protect their rights lawfully.Pro: The thoughts might be good, but the action has gone too far. It is out of the question to fight against discrimination with the help of discrimination, only to change the target from minority groups to the majority group. Giving advantages to the minority when it comes to job finding or other cases is actually discrimination against the majority. It is not only against the constitution because of its actual inequality, but also hurting the better educated but less racial advantaged groups.Con: This is not a reason to blame the affirmative action. In fact, equality should not be always pursuing when you are formulating policies. For example, taxing more to the rich obviously h urts the principle of equality, but it’s fair. Fairness is better to be pursued within policy formulation. Affirmative action is such a kind of inequal but fair policy. Also, it’s not actually discrimination, it’s inclusion. It’s an effort to overcome prej udice rather than a new type of discrimination. Those who benefit from the action would say it.Pro: But how did the action proceeds? Through quota? The creed of the action is undoubtedly good, but the ways to do the action are rigid and unreasonable. The quota is a fixed number, but the real situation might be so complicated that a number can never be fitful every time. Results have shown that about half of black college students rank in the bottom 20 percent of their classes. That is eventually frustrating them, not helping them.Con: But we have offered them opportunity. Fair opportunities. Once these opportunities are offered, it will depend on themselves to achieve their success. The example you mentioned might be caused by a lot of reasons, it is unfair to just blame the affirmative action. I can give a better example that women are actually benefiting from the action. According to a 1995 study, there are at least six million women who simply wouldn't have the jobs they have today without the action.Pro: But how about Asians? The situation that Asian Americans are still suffering from low university admissive rates shows that the affirmative action doesn’t let people of all races enjoy that so-called fair opportunities. Asians are actually suffering from it. They are still facing prejudice.Con: It is not the fault of the affirmative action, but the long-standing stereotype that Asians are congenital advantageous in academics. They always have better ranks in exams, therefore, some conventional white Americans may set implicit quotas to restrict them. That’s what the affirmative action are fighting against too. The affirmative action is trying to make sure that diversity in workplaces or universities is guaranteed, and it to some extent has achieved the goal. There is no reason for the action itself to discriminate some specific races.P ro: Diversity? I don’t think specifically promoting some races’ rights would improve diversity. The implementation is often solely based on superficial factors rather than really-in-need sorts of diversity such as aspect diversity and viewpoint diversity. The truth is that taking only superficial conditions in consideration can never really achieve fairness that the action want to achieve. The inner class inequality might destroy the beautiful dreams. It turns out thatpeople benefit from the action tend to be middle- and upper-class African Americans and Hispanics. But lower-class white Americans as well as Asian Americans are suffering from it. In a word, the whole action is just like a compensation action rather than an action aiming at fairness and equality.Con: You have totally mistaken it! The affirmative action is aiming at distributing opportunity fairly among all of the racial groups. Property, family fame and other factors should not be considered in this situation. Let the welfare policy do the job. The affirmative action is made to protect the lawful rights of the minorities. I admit that there shall be more relevant policies to prevent the situations that you have mentioned, but the action itself is necessary to make them receive fair opportunities.Pro: But as I have mentioned, in regarding to the reverse discrimination that it has caused, such kinds of imperfections are harming universal human rights. And, since it may beneficial to the minorities at a short period, it is harmful in a long term. Affirmative action carries with it a stigma that can create feelings of self-doubt and entitlement in minorities, which will never contribute to racial equality.。

权利法案中英文对照

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权利法案（美国）（中英文）1787年在费城起草的宪法，在各州审议批准的过程中，也有不少美国公民感到不安，因为宪法中并没有明确保障个人的权利。

因此，《宪法》补充了10条修正案，统一称为《权利法案》，英文叫The Bill of Rights.由于补充了《权利法案》，《宪法》在13个州均获批准，并于1789年生效。

第一条 Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion， or prohibiting the free exercise thereof； or abridging the freedom of speech， or of the press； or the right of the people peaceably to assemble， and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

第二条 Amendment II
A well regulated Militia， being necessary to the security of a free State， the right of the people to keep and bear Arms，shall not be infringed.
译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

第三条 Amendment III
No Soldier shall， in time of peace be quartered in any house， without the consent of the Owner， nor in time of war，but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。

第四条 Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons，houses， papers， and effects， against unreasonable searches and seizures， shall not be violated， and no Warrants shall issue， but upon probable cause， supported by Oath or affirmation， and particularly describing the place to be searched， and the persons or things to be seized.
译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。

除依据可能成立的理由，以宣誓或代誓宣言保证，并详细说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物，不得发出搜查和扣押状。

第五条 Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital， or otherwise infamous crime， unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury， except in cases arising in the land or naval forces， or in the Militia， when in actual service in time of War or public danger； nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb；nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself， nor be deprived of life， liberty， or
property， without due process of law； nor shall private property be taken for public use， without just compensation.
译文：除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书，任何人不受死罪或其他重罪的审判，但发生在陆、海军中或发生在战时或出现公共危险时服役的民兵中的案件除外；任何人不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体的危害；不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪；不经正当法律程序，不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产。

不给予公平赔偿，私有财产不得充作公用。

第六条 Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions， the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial， by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed， which district shall have been previously ascertained by law， and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation； to be confronted with the witnesses against him； to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor， and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
译文：在一切刑事诉讼中，被告有权由犯罪行为发生地的州和地区的公正陪审团予以迅速和公开的审判，该地区应事先已由法律确定；得知控告的性质和理由；同原告证人对质；以强制程序取得对其有利的证人；并取得律师帮助为其辩护。

第七条 Amendment VII
In suits at common law， where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars， the right of trial by jury shall
be preserved， and no fact tried by a jury， shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States， than according to the rules of the common law.
译文：在习惯法的诉讼中，其争执价额超过二十美元，由陪审团审判的权利应受到保护。

由陪审团裁决的事实，合众国的任何法院除非按照习惯法规则，不得重新审查。

第八条 Amendment VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required， nor excessive fines imposed， nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
译文：不得要求过多的保释金，不得处以过重的罚金，不得施加残酷和非常的惩罚。

第九条 Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution， of certain rights，shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
译文：本宪法对某些权利的列举，不得被解释为否定或轻视由人民保留的其他权利。

第十条 Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution， nor prohibited by it to the States， are reserved to the States respectively， or to the people.
译文：宪法未授予合众国、也未禁止各州行使的权力，由各州各自保留，或由人民保留。

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