高中英语人教版选修8Unit2CloningLanguagepoints教案(系列一)

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高中英语_新人教版选修八 Unit 2 Cloning教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思

Book8 Unit2 CloningReading内容：教学设计及反思_设计人：___Book8 Unit2 CloningPeriod 1 Reading设计人:教学整体设计思路在英语教学中“阅读理解能力”是学生从阅读中获取信息的能力以及对文章理解的速度和准确性的关键因素。

培养学生的阅读能力是课文阅读教学的主要目标，同时还要注意培养学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力，让学生学会利用相关的英语知识去解读英语阅读材料。

本节课是一节阅读课，设计过程如下：导入引出克隆这一话题--- 掌握段落大意（略读）---课文内容填空（精读）---重点知识点与句型---讨论---写作拓展。

教材里本单元内容，语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“克隆”这一中心话题设计的。

具体涉及“什么是克隆”, “克隆羊多利是如何诞生的”，“克隆的利与弊”等。

教师可在充分利用教材资源的基础上，结合学生的实际情况设计教学活动，旨在帮助学生有效地掌握阅读技巧，形成有效地学习方法和阅读策略，同时了解说明文篇章结构和写作特点，为下一步进行议论文的写作教学做好准备。

目标聚焦一、知识点初步理解、掌握克隆意为无性繁殖，克隆技术即为无性繁殖技术。

学习课文中关于克隆这一新生物技术的有关知识，学习分析课文中的长难句子，初步感知课文中出现的的本单元要学的语法现象。

二、能力点1、能理解文章主旨大意，获取信息、处理信息、进行推理判断和表达的能力。

2、形成分析篇章结构的能力，提升逻辑思维能力3、学会增加语言的输出量，提高语言表达能力。

4、能利用上下文猜测生词词义三、兴趣点21、利用已获取的信息发表自己对进行人类克隆问题的看法。

2、克隆技术日新月异，在教授本单元时，需随时关注其发展的最新动态。

（四）德育点认识克隆人的危害———对人类在伦理、道德、法律等方面造成的巨大影响，应给予抵制。

学习流程Before class (课前自主学习，合作探究)Vocabulary（词汇预习）Preview the new words of this text.clone commercial producer undertake arbitrary object forbid accumulate bother regulation resist unable argument reasonable obtaincast down object to the media in favor of be bound to (do) from time to time pay off【设计意图】通过预习词汇为下一步的阅读扫清生词障碍。

人教版选修8Unit2CloningP2教学设计

Unit 2 CloningPart 1 Teaching Design第一部分教课方案Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (Revise the Appositive <words||，phrases and clauses>) IntroductionIn this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and collocations|| ， and then to discover and learn to use the following useful structures: the appositive <words||， phrases and clauses>. The following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by reading aloud to the tape the text CLONING： WHERE IS IT LEADING US?；learning about appositive； building up on your word power ； discovering useful words and collocations ； discovering and distinguishing ； closing down by talking about cloning.ObjectivesTo help students revise the Appositive <words|| ， phrases and clauses>)To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and collocationsTo help students discover and learn to use some useful structuresProcedures1.Warming up by reading aloud to the tape the text CLONING： WHERE IS IT LEADING US?2.Learning about appositiveWhat is an Appositive?An appositive is a noun|| ， noun phrase||， or noun clause which follows a noun or pronoun and renames or describes the noun or pronoun. A simple appositive is an epithet like Alexanderthe Great. Appositives are often set off by commas.Example: We visited the home of Harriet Beecher Stowe|| ， the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin. (The underlined portion is the appositive.)Appositive PhrasesAn appositive phrase is a type of noun phrase that follows the noun or pronoun it modifies andamplifies or restricts its meaning.Our monitor||， a careful reader and outspoken critic ||， will examine the article before it is handed to the headmaster. [The italicized phrase is an appositive.]Appositive phrases are similar to relative clauses; to avoid wordiness|| ， relative clauses can often be reduced to appositive phrases.3. Building up on your word powerTo build up on your word power you are to make sentences with the collocations from the text: CLONING ： WHERE IS IT L EADING US? You may try to include as many uses of the Appositive <words|| ， phrases and clauses> as possible.1.This is a way of learning English|| ， the most popular language in the word.2.People in the future will make an exact copy of themselves.3.We may grow human beings in a laboratory in the near future.4.They are identical in sex and appearance.5.This mysterious thing is produced from coals.6.The natural clones of these plants have two major uses||， one for eating||， one forreproduction.7.At all the time|| ， producing commercial quantities of concrete things is difficult.8.We are going on with our research on the cloning of animals.9.The determination and patience of students will be rewarded with a breakthrough in cloning.10.Following the progress of English development we shall come to a conclusion that thisworld language is becoming simpler in sentence structure.4. Discovering useful words and collocations.A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound "right"to native English speakers|| ， who use them all the time.Now you may go to page 13. Finish the four words and collocations exercises in groups of four.5. Discovering and distinguishingTo find out and write down all the examples of the Appositive <words||，phrases and clauses>) you are to read the text Cloning: Where is it leading us?The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging ．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Altogether Dolly lived for six years||， half the length of the life of the original sheep.Some more examples of the AppositiveMr. Smith|| ， our new teacher||， is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom||， a friend of my brother's.He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.Yesterday I talked to my English teacher|| ， Mr. James.We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.He is interested in sports||， especially ball games.There are differences between appositive clauses and attributive clauses.●同位语从句只是出此刻belief||， conclusion||， doubt||， fact||， hope||， idea||， knowledge||，law||， message||， news||， notion||， order||， proof||， rumor||， sign||， suggestion||， theory||，thought 等抽象名词的后边 ||，用于进一步说明或解说该名词的内容 ||。

人教版选修八：Unit2+Cloning+Language+points+and+learning+about+language+

Unit 2 CloningPeriod3 Language points and learning about language Teaching aims:1.Learn expressions and phrases.2.Learn language points.Teaching important points:Language pointsTeaching methods:Presentation and practiceTeaching aids:A blackboard, chalk and a computerTeaching procedures:Step 1 RevisionRetell the passageStep 2 Language points• 1. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. exact adj.精确的, 准确的, 原样的, 精密的What were his exact words?I don’t know the exact size of the room.exactly adv.正确地, 严密地,恰恰That’s exactly what I expected.You’ve arrived at exactly the right moment.exactly speaking准确地说2. It also happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。

(1)It 指代上文的cloning(2)happen vi. occur by chance; take place(偶然地）发生；出现happen to do …happen to sb.It happened that …happening n. 事件；偶然发生的事(常用复数)(3) identical in sex and appearance 是一个形容词短语作后置定语,修饰twinsidentical adj.(常与with连用)完全相同的，用identical 翻译如下句子这两种样式几乎完全相同。

人教高中英语选修八Unit2Cloning教学设计

Unit2 CloningReading: CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?教课方案一、教材剖析本单元以Cloning 为话题，旨在经过单元教课，使学生认识克隆技术的优弊端，学会表达和支持个人看法，能用所学的相关Cloning 的词汇去表述自己对这一新技术的看法和见解。

”阅读”（ Reading）部分供给的资料CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?是一篇介绍克隆技术的说明文, 详细介绍了植物与动物克隆的差别，多利羊的出生与死亡及由此引起的争辩。

帮助学生进一步认识克隆的意义在于解决医学上的难题，为人类服务。

从话题内容上剖析，Warming Up与Reading相一致，从教材份量来说，可将Warming Up 和 Reading 整合在一同，设计成一节任务型“阅读课（精读课）”。

二、学情剖析我所带的两个班级的学生英语基础一般，平常较少阅读科学题材的文章, 知识面相对狭小，阅读理解这篇文章仍是有必定难度。

但学生的好奇心和学习接受能力比较强，能够部署学生课前上网或去图书室找出一些相关克隆的资料，并与多媒体相联合简单介绍克隆及克隆技术的一些知识，让学生有了必定的知识准备以利于很好的理解课文。

三、设计理念及教课目的这节课的主要目的是培育学生跳读和细读的阅读技巧，使学生学会正确剖析阅读问题，懂得从文章中找到要点句子摄入必需的信息，找出正确的答案。

我运用多媒体和学生搜寻资料主动参加学习相联合，设计了表格、问答题、判断题和信息整理题。

这不单提升学生的阅读技巧，也教会学生如何办理不一样的阅读问题。

四.教课目的 Teaching goals1. Target language目口号言a.要点词汇和短语clone ，commercial ， producer ，undertake ， arbitrary ， object ，forbid ，ac cumulate ，cast down ，object to ，the media ， in favor ofb.要点句子It is a way of⋯.The fact is that⋯.The question that concerned all scientists were:⋯.2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to describe cloning: What is the advantages of cloning？What is the problems or dangers of cloning？What is your opinion of cloning？3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to describe cloning.Teaching important points教课要点How to describe cloning.Teaching difficult point教课难点Help the students analyze the writing techniques of the article.Teaching methods教课方法Skimming, task-based method and debate method.Teaching aids教具准备A recorder, a projector and some slides.Teaching procedures & ways教课过程与方式Step 1 Lead-in（3分钟）Show three cartoon pictures about cloning to arise students’interest s, then raise the question:1.What is cloning?2.Do you want to be cloned or not? why?经过展现图片和发问，激发学生对克隆技术的兴趣和气奇心，启迪学生展望课文的内容，以便经过阅读考证自己的推断。

人教版高二英语选修8 Unit 2 Cloning 全单元教案

Unit 2 CloningThe First Period warming upAims1. Talk about cloning2. Practice expressing and supporting an opinionContentsTask one: Looking and speakingIn pairs, look at the pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man-made. Explain how they differ.A.Dolly the sheepB. A strawberry plantC.TwinsD. Identical dogsTask two: Questions about cloningWhat is a clone?How is a clone produced?What benefits can humans gain from cloning?What problems may arise when humans are cloned?Task three: Free talkIn pairs, discuss what you understand about cloning, then list the questions you want to find out. Share your lists with one another.1. Should we clone human?2. Could cloning replace sex as the means of creating new human life?3. Could a parent clone a child who is dying of a terminal illness?The Second Period ReadingAims:1. Help the Ss to know how to describe cloning and how to catch the details of the text.2. Activate the Ss to show their opinions about the cloning and enable the Ss to write and article on this debate.Contents:Leading in by revision.Task one: Fast readingWhat is a clone?Show the following.1. Cloning means making a copy of an animal or a plant. (F. e xact… another)2. Gardeners can make a lot of money by cloning plants.(T.)3. Cloning animals is as complicated as cloning plants.(F. more than)4. Dolly the sheep was the first successful clone of a mammal. (T.)5. Natural clones happen in animals as well as in plants.(T)Task two: Careful readingRead the text again, try to answer the following questions and find out the main idea of each paragraph .Questions:1. What‟s the main idea of the text?2. How many years did the sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably live?3. Why did the Cloning of Dolly the sheep succeed?4. What does the word …straightforward‟ mean in the second paragraph?5. What is the writer‟s attitude toward cloning in this passage?The main idea of each paragraph:Para. 1 Cloning is a way of making an copy of another animal and plant.Para. 2 Cloning has two major uses.Para. 3 The problems of Dolly.Para. 4 The effect of Dolly.Para. 5 It is forbidden to clone human being.Task three: Notes for debating: Should we use cloning?Argument for cloning:Cloning will be beneficial to humansWe could use cloning to cure illnesses.Arguments against cloning:healthy risks form mutation of genesemotional risksagainst naturerisk of abuse of the technologyCloned animals get ill and die quite young;The Third Period Language PointsAims:1. Enable the Ss to grasp the words of cloning.Get the Ss to master some useful expressions.Contents:1. differ v.1) “To be dissimilar or unlike in nature, quality, amount, or form”eg：Ambition differs from greed.2) “To be of a different opinion; disagree”eg：The critic differed with the author on several facts.2. exact adj. “Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality”eg：an exact account; an exact replica; your exact words.3. commercial adj. 1) “Of or relating to commerce” 2) “Engaged in commerce‟eg：a commercial loan; a commercial attaché; a commercial trucker.4. straightforward adj. 1) “honest‟ 2) “easy to understand”eg: a ~ explanation; written in ~ language; a ~ problem in algebra5. procedure n.1) …A manner of proceeding; a way of performing or effecting something‟eg：complained to the manager, and by this procedure got the money back.2) “A series of steps taken to accomplish an end”6. undertake v.1) “To take upon oneself; decide or agree to do”eg：undertake a task.2) “To pledge or commit (oneself) to‟eg：undertake oneself to care for an elderly relative.7. breakthrough n.1) “An act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction.”2) …A military offensive that penetrates an enemy's lines of defense‟eg: a ~ in cancer research8. disturb v. “break the quiet, calm and peace‟eg: She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping boy.Don‟t ~ the papers on my desk.9. arbitrary adj.1) “Determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason”eg：stopped at the first motel we passed, an arbitrary choice; arbitrary division of the group into halves.2) “Based on or subject to individual judgment or preference”eg：The diet imposes overall calorie limits, but daily menus are arbitrary.10. altogether adv.1) “Entirely; completely; utterly”eg：lost the TV picture altogether; an altogether new approach.2) “With all included or counted; all told”eg：There were altogether 20 people at the dinner.11. objection n. “The act of objecting”eg: He has a strong ~ to getting up early.~s to the plan will be listened to sympathetically.12. media n. 媒体eg: The running for president drew the ~‟s attention.Now the press is an useful media.13. moral adj.1)“Of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness”eg：moral scrutiny; a moral quandary.2) “Teaching or exhibiting goodness or correctness of character”eg：a moral lesson.14. accumulate v. “To gather or pile up”eg: By buying ten books every month, he soon ~d a library.Dust soon ~s if the room is not swept.15. forbid v.1) “To command (someone) not to do something”eg：I forbid you to go.2) “To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit”eg：forbid smoking on trains.The Forth period Learning about language and Using languageAims:Let the Ss know more about the cloning.Improve the students‟ listening, reading and writing ability.Contents:Task one: gap fillingplete the sentences using suitable words or phrases from the prevision sections.2.Rewrite the sentences using words of similar meaning to replace the underlined words.e the words and phrases below to fill in the passage.Task two: reading and discussing1.Read the passage and answer the questions.2.In pairs, discuss which extinct animals described below (which died out less than 10,000 yearsago) are worth restoring by means of cloning.a. Auroch (1627)b. Dodo bird (1755)c. Great auk (1844)d. Quagga (1883)Task three: listening and writing1.Read the statements before listening. Tick those that you hear.2.Listen to the tape again and then work with a partner to fill in the chart on page 17.3.Whose idea do you agree with according to the listening materials? Get ready to write acomposition. Think about the reasons for your point of view. Use your own ideas as well as those in the text.。

新课标人教版选修八Unit 2 Cloning教案

Unit 2 CtoningThe First Period Warming up and Reading Teaching goals1.Enable the students to describe cloning: What is theadvantages of cloning?2.Help the students analyze the writing techniques of thearticle.Teaching procedures Step I Warming up一：You can imagine how rapidly the modem science and technology develop. I think most of you must know something about space traveling, submarine exploration, robot, maglev train, gene engineering etc. But in recent years, a hot topic, cloning is often mentioned, especially when the cloning Dolly the sheep appeared. You may have first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though.First things first, what is cloning and a clone? The dictionary says cloning is the technique of producing a genetically identical duplicate of an organism. A clone is said to be all descendants derived asexually from a single individual, as by cuttings, bulbs, by fission, by mitosis, or by parthenogenesis reproduction. In fact, in our daily life, this happens often. For example, gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. You often see that your mother picks a small branch from a growing plant to make a new one. If she likes this kind of flowers, she can do cloning. Cloning also happens in animals or human beings when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from thesame original egg.Discussion 1. Do you want to be cloned or not? Why?2.Can you tell me the advantages of cloning?3.And what is the disadvantage?二:Look at picturesLook at the pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man 一made. Then explain how they differ.Step II Pre-reading(Before class, ask the students to search for some information about this topic. ) Now show your questions on the screen, and then let them discuss with each other.Now please work in pairs and discuss about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find out. Share your list with your partner.Questions about cloning:1.What is a clone?2.How is a clone produced?3.What benefits can humans gain from cloning?4.What problems may arise when humans are cloned?5.Should we clone human?6.Could cloning replace sex as the means of creating new human life?7.Could a parent clone a child who is dying of a terminal illness?Suggested answers:1.It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.2.This happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, and when small parts of a plant are taken and gown in a laboratory. Italso happens in animals when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg.3.It can help cure disease and can help couples who have no baby to bear a new baby.4.There may be more bad people like Hitler.5.In my opinion, I do not agree, for it may cause many moral problems.6.No. Because cloned human has the same quality as the real human, natural born baby's quality is higher than his parents.7.No. The cloned baby also has the disease.Step III Fast- readingHave you not the answers of your questions? Now please skim the passage fast to obtain a general understanding of the whole passage into several parts and find out the main idea of each part.Show the following.Para. 1 Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.Para. 2 Cloning has two major uses.Para. 3 The problems of Dolly.Para. 4 The effect of Dolly.Para. 5 It is forbidden to clone human being.Step IV Careful-reading1.Ask the students to read the passage carefully to finish exercise Ion page 12 in the students, book.2.Check the answers.3.Finish exercise2on page 12 in the students' book.4.Check the answers5.Explanationl.)It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.全句汉语意思:它是一种精确复制另一个动物或植物的方式。

人教版高中英语选修8《Unit2Cloning》教案

人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 2 Cloning》教案人教版高中英语选修8《Unit 2 Cloning》教案【一】教学准备教学目标一、语言知识目标初步理解、掌握课文中关于克隆的词汇，学习分析课文中的长难句子。

二、阅读技能目标1. 能获取和处理文章中的主要信息。

2. 能够掌握文中出现的重要的语言知识三、学习策略目标掌握速读、略读、猜测词义等阅读策略。

四、情感态度目标让学生认识到克隆的利和弊。

五、文化意识目标了解克隆，正确地利用克隆技术来为人类服务。

教学重难点初步理解、掌握课文中关于克隆的词汇，学习分析课文中的长难句子。

教学过程Step 1 Daily reportOne student comes to the front and gives a report about advantages and disadvantages of science and technology.Step 2 leading-inThe teacher shows some pictures and starts a discussion about cloning.Step 3 SkimmingTask 1: Whats the main idea of the passage? Task 2: Match the main idea with each paragraph Para 1: A. Peoples attitude towards cloning. Para 2: B. The problems of Dolly.Para 3: C. The impact of Dolly.Para 4: D. Two major uses and the procedure of cloning.Para 5: E. The definition(定义)of cloning.Step 4 ScanningTask 1. Look through Para 2 and answer the following questions.(1) What are the two major uses of cloning?(2) Which one is easier, to make plant clones or animal clones?Task 2. Look through Para 3 and fill in the chart. Task 3. Do the following translation and word guessing.(1). Translation:On the other hand, Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.(2). The word controversial in paragraph 4 probably means_________.A. complicatedB. arguableC. importantD. valuableTask4. Do the following Tor F questions based on Paragraph 5.1. People feared some evil leaders might use cloning to reach their goal.2. All the research into cloning will be forbidden.3. Religious leaders are in favor of human cloning.Step 5 Enjoy beautiful sentences1. Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.2. At last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off.3. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.Step 6 Question and answerThis part is for students to find if they still have questions. If there is any, they can ask their classmates to help them.Step 7 QuizNote: This part is very challenging. In the picture there are five numbers. Students can choose their lucky number and answer questions. Most of the questions are based on what they have learned in class.Step 8. Test yourselfFill in the blank with proper words.Cloning is a way of _______ (make) an exact copy of another animal or plant. It has two major uses. One is _______ gardeners use it to produce plants. The ______ is that it is valuable for medical research on animals. ________, the process of cloning is difficult ___________ (undertake).The first successful clone, Dolly the sheep, made the whole _________ (science) world follow its progress, though it had ________ problems than the normal sheep. On the other hand, Dollys appearance _______ (raise) a storm of objections and had a great impact ______ the media and public imagination. Different people have different opinions on it. However, scientists still wonder ______ cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.Step 9 DebateTopic: Are you for or against cloning?课后小结HomeworkWrite a passage entitled My view on cloning.课后习题评测练习主要有两个。

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选修八Unit2 CloningPeriod2 Language points词汇详解：1. differv. 不同；相异；使...相异常用结构：A differs fromB in ...A与B在...方面不同A differs withB about/on/over... A与B就...意见相左Their house differs from mine in having no garage.他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有车库。

The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。

联想拓展difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的make a difference to 对...产生变化；对什么有…影响different from 与...不同，不同于练习：用适当的介词填空（原创）1.The two squares differ colour but not size.2.The husband differs the wife who is to take charge of the money.3.It doesn’t make a difference me whether you are going to stay.4.This is a different car the one I drove yesterday.答案：1.in; in 2.with; on/about/over 3.to 4.from2. undertakevt.（undertook;undertaken）着手;从事;承担；保证，答应常用结构：undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事undertake that ...保证...The scientist undertakes the experiment.这位科学家从事这项实验。

I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。

The lawyer undertook a new case.那个律师接了一个新的案子。

He undertook to finish the job by Friday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。

练习：翻译句子（原创）①他下个月要去西部旅行。

②我不能保证按时做完它。

Key：He will undertake a journey to the west next month.I can’t undertake that I’ll finish it on time.3. objectionn. 不赞成；反对；异议常用结构：have an objection to ... 反对...raise/voice an objection 提出异议联想拓展object v. 反对，不赞成 n. 物体;目标object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object that ... 反对...object to doing sth.反对做某事。

No one objected to the plan.没有人反对这项计划。

We object to being treated like this.我们反对受到这样的待遇。

Why do some people object to human cloning?为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢？Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job.母亲反对说，吉米身体太虚弱，不能承担那份工作。

The building is the main object of his interest.他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。

练习：单项填空We to punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.plainB. objectC. opposeD. resist答案解析：选B。

句意为：我们反对因为一个人的错误而惩罚整体。

4. obtain vt. 获得；赢得易混辨析 :obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieveobtain意为“获得，买到”。

指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。

acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于表示对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。

gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。

earn意为“挣得，赢得”，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。

achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

He failed to obtain a scholarship.他没有获得奖学金。

I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本。

We should try to acquire good habits.我们应该努力养成好习惯。

He found it easy to earn extra money.他发现赚点额外收入很容易。

But we can only achieve it together.然而，只有共同奋斗才能实现它。

练习：翻译句子（原创）①The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts.②Knowledge can be obtained through study.答案：那位新闻记者立即着手获取这些重要的事实。

知识可通过学习获得。

5. forbidvt. (forbade/forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍常用结构：forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers.法律禁止使用化学肥料。

I forbid you to tell anyone.我不准你告诉任何人。

练习：翻译句子（原创）1.机上禁止吸烟。

2.他爸爸不准他和她交谈。

3.要禁止小孩不玩电脑游戏很难。

答案：Smoking is forbidden on the plane.His father forbade him to talk to her.It is hard to forbid children to play computer games.6. owevt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；应该把...归功于...；感激，感恩常用结构：owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人)债owe sth. to sb./sth.将某事物归因或归功于某人/事He owes his father ￡50.= He owes ￡50 to his father.他欠他父亲50英镑。

We owe this discovery to Newton.我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。

练习：用适当的介词填空（原创）①How much do I owe you the groceries?②He owes his success more luck than ability.③I owe a lot my wife and children.答案：①for②to; to③ to7. resist vt.抵抗；对抗常用结构：resist sth. 抵制；阻挡某事resist doing sth. 反对做某事can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事The nation was unable to resist the invasion.该国无力抵抗侵略。

A healthy body resists disease.健康的身体能抵御疾病。

I could hardly resist laughing.我忍不住笑了。

联想扩展：resistance n. 抵抗，反抗；抵抗力resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的be resistant to sb./sth.对某人/某事有抵抗力resister n. 抵制者；抗拒者；电阻器高手过招练习：翻译句子（原创）1.He resisted being carried off.2.She can not resist the temptation of chocolate答案：1.他阻挡别人把他带走。

2.她无法抗拒巧克力的诱惑。

8. pay off得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇；(对...进行)报复；收买(某人)At last, his hard work paid off.最后，他的努力得到了回报。

Did your plan pay off?你的计划成功了吗?联想拓展pay for付...的钱；为...而付出代价pay back sth./pay sb. back sth. 偿还某物/偿还某人某物pay sb. ...for sth. 因某事而付给某人...pay sb. ...to do sth. 付给某人...去做某事pay sb. back for sth. 向...报复高手过招练习：（1）单项填空If you go for a long ride in a friend’s car, it’s the custom to offer to some of the expenses.A. payB. pay offC. pay forD. pay back（2）用pay的相关短语填空（原创）①After ten years of hard working she finally her debt.②Our efforts are sure to .③Have you the milkman this week?④Have you the money the bank yet?⑤I will you next week.答案及解析：(1)解析：选C。

根据句意可知，这里表示为...偿付一部分费用，故选C。

pay for 为...而付钱；为...付出代价。