新初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点

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初中英语语法基础知识汇总

初中英语语法基础知识汇总

初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1)-名词Noun词类知识英语语法基础名词(Noun.-n.)识第一部分:名词基础知定义:人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。

人:Edison(爱迪生),Helen(海伦),Mr .Wang(王先生)地:Asia(亚洲),China(中国),New York (纽约)物:book(书),dog(狗),tree(树),water(水)事或观念:work (工作),music(音乐),truth(真理)注:1.如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称,其第一字母必须大写,如 E dison,New York ,China。

2.名词亦有可数和不可数之分,如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。

所谓复数就是加“-s,es,ies,⋯”以示其为复数。

例如:多于一个的意思,通常是在单数名词的词尾a book(一本书)two books(两本书)one boy(一个男孩)some boys(一些男孩)one girl (一个女孩)many girls (许多女孩)名词在句子中的主要功能如下:(1)作句子的主语,例:Miss Lin is our English teacher.(林小姐是我们的英语老师。

)(2)作句子的主语补语或宾语补语,例:John and Tom are good friends.(约翰和汤姆是好朋友。

—主语补语)I call my puppy “Luck”.(我叫我的小狗“来福”。

—宾语补语)(3)作及物动词的直接宾语,例:Can you ride a bicycle? (你会骑自行车吗?)(4)作介词的宾语,例:You can go by taxi.(你可以乘出租车去。

)第二部分:名词单复数-单数变复数一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例:friend →friends; cat →cats; style →styles; sport →sports; piece →pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

初中英语语法大全知识点总结一、名词1.名词的定义及分类(普通名词、专有名词、抽象名词、可数名词、不可数名词)2.单数名词和复数名词的转化规则3.名词所有格的构成和用法二、代词1.代词的定义及分类(人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、相互代词、反身代词)2.代词在句子中的作用和位置三、冠词1.冠词的定义及分类(定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词)2.冠词的用法和特殊情况四、形容词1.形容词的定义和用法2.形容词的比较级和最高级的构成和用法3.形容词修饰词语的顺序五、副词1.副词的定义和用法2.副词的比较级和最高级的构成和用法六、动词1.动词的定义和分类(实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词)2.动词的时态和语态的构成和用法3.动词的语态变化和被动语态的构成和用法4.动词的非谓语形式(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)的构成和用法5.动词的时态语态变化对句子结构的影响和句子变换的规则七、介词1.介词的定义和用法2.介词短语的构成和用法3.介词短语在句子中的位置八、连词1.连词的定义和分类(并列连词、从属连词、转折连词、因果连词)2.连词连接句子和短语的用法3.连词引导的从句的语序和时态的变化九、语序1.英语语序的基本规则2.疑问句、条件句、祈使句的语序特点十、主谓一致1.主谓一致的基本原则和判断方法2.单数主语和复数主语的一致关系及其特殊情况十一、定语从句1.定语从句的构成和位置2.引导定语从句的关系词的选择和用法3.定语从句的语序和时态的变化十二、状语从句1.状语从句的构成和位置2.引导状语从句的从属连词的选择和用法3.状语从句的语序和时态的变化。

初中英语语法讲解——名词

初中英语语法讲解——名词

初中英语语法讲解——名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。

它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。

二、分类1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。

2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。

三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。

3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of ,plenty of 用等表示多少。

注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of,lots of ,most of 等。

如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。

最新初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点(2)

最新初中英语语法知识—名词的知识点(2)

一、选择题1.—May I take your order,sir? —________.A.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of ricesB.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of riceC.Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of ricesD.Chickens with vegetables and two bowls of rices2.—Let’s m ake a banana milk shake.—How many ________ do we need?A.bananas B.cup of milk C.honey3.There are two________ near our school.A.shoe shops B.shoes shops C.shoe's shops D.shoes' shops 4.There is a______ shop and two_______ shops not far away from my school.A.sports; shoe B.sports; shoesC.sport; shoe D.sport; shoes5.—Why do you get up so early?—Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride.A.fifty-minutes B.fifty minute’s C.fifty-minute’s D.fifty minutes’6.Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake.A.Germen; Japanese B.Frenchmen; Japaneses C.Germans; Japanese 7.This is Mary and that is Kate.______ my______.A.She's; friend B.They're; friends C.They're; friend 8.Those _________ plans for the holiday sound great. How about ________?A.girl’s ; yours B.girls’; youC.girls ; your D.girls’; yours9.There________some water in the bottle.A.is B.am C.are D.be10.—Could you please give me ____? —Certainly.A.some advices B.any advicesC.some advice D.advices11.I am hungry. But there is little left. I have to go and buy some.A.sandwiches B.potatoes C.water D.bread12.________wild animals are disappearing because of the ________of their living areas. A.The number of; lost B.The number of; losing C.A number of; loseD.A number of; loss13.—What do animals eat?—Some eat_______ and some eat_______.A.meat ,leafs B.meats, leafsC.meat ,leaves D.meats ,leaves14.—These days, more and more kids have problems with their sight.— They should do eye________and take________every day.A.exercises; exercises B.exercises, exerciseC.exercise. exercises D.exercise, exercise15.There are many ________ animals in the zoo. I like pandas best. Because they are ________ cute.A.kind of; kinds of B.kind of; kind of C.kinds of; kinds of D.kinds of; kind of 16.Animals are our ________, and we should be ________ to them.A.friend; friendly B.friends; friendly C.friendly; friends D.friendly; friend 17.As we know, China was the first country in the world________.A.make papers B.to make papers C.to make paper18.This is Bob Smith. His last name is________.A.Bob B.Smith C.Bob Smith19.________he_______big________?A.Does; has; foot B.Does; have; feet C.Do; have; foots20.A number of________ will take part in the sports meeting and the number of them________ over 300.A.students; are B.student; are C.students; is21.________mothers work in the same hospital.A.Tim’s and Peter’s B.Tim’s and Peter C.Tim and Peter’s D.Tim and Peter 22.Mary, please get some ________for me.A.orange B.pear C.tomato23.That is my ________ and my ________ are on it.A.desk; books B.desks; book C.desks; books D.desk, book 24.—How far is it from here to the hospital? —It’s about ride.A.fifteen minute’s B.fifteen minutesC.fifteen minutes’D.fifteen-minutes25.I guess __________bikes are yellow. They have many things in the same color.A.Lucy's and Lily's B.Lucy and Lily's C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucy's and Lily 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.B解析:B【解析】句意:我可以请您点菜了吗,先生?根据问句,确定答语表达的意思是“鸡肉加蔬菜,两碗米饭” Chicken表示鸡肉时,是不可数名词。

初中英语知识点:名词

初中英语知识点:名词

初中英语语法之名词概念:是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词。

一、名词的分类二、名词的数:可数名词都有单数和复数之分;不可数名词没有复数形式。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。

如:water(水), oil(油), population(人口), cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布),furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉)1、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则:1)一般情况加–s :books,mouths,houses,girls等。

2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的加–es:classes,boxes,matches等。

3)辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为ies:cities,countries,parties,factories等。

4)以o 结尾的词+es:heroes,Negroes,tomatoes,potatoes等。

以o 结尾+s:radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,kilos,photos等。

5)以f,fe 结尾的多数+es:leaves,lives,wives,knives,halves,wolves等。

直接+ s 的名词:roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs等。

注意:中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是“两人两菜一火山”。

或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿。

Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。

初中英语语法归纳(名词)

初中英语语法归纳(名词)

初中英语语法归纳:名词初中英语学习最难的是语法,因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。

对于从小就生活在中国的同学们,学起英语语法来会显得特别吃力。

下面为大家讲解一下初中英语名词的语法特点。

一、名词(n.) 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词(一)名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。

可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。

如:boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体。

如:family,class,police)。

不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。

如:water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。

如:work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。

如:Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)(二)名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种:(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。

(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.eg.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.eg.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——co untries,strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])(注:以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)(4)以o结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:①,.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes, hero—heroes negro ——negroes mongo——mongoesp②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio——radios③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano—pianos④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,eg.photo(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加eg.zeros/zeroes(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.eg.wife——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res 读音为[vz](注意:roof的复数为roofs; scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字eg.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Engli shmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth, child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。

初中英语语法知识归纳总结(通用)

初中英语语法知识归纳总结(通用)

初中英语语法知识归纳总结(通用)第一课时名词一、概述1、名词的属性:表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。

2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。

普通名词是表示某一类人或事物,或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。

如:teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等,专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、语言、节日等专用的名称。

(运用)如:China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic等。

(专有名词的第一个字母要大写)二、可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词是指表示人或事物,可以用数来计量的名词,有单复数之分。

如:glass-----glasses; book---- books2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。

如:paper, rice, water , milk, tea等。

3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。

Light travels faster than sound; (light:光线,不可数)The lights are on. (light:灯,可数)4、不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词一般无法用数来计算,前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量,它的量往往借助于容器来表示。

如:a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milka piece of paper ------ two pieces of papera bag of rice ------ three bags of rice三、可数名词的复数形式(识记、运用)1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分,单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

规则变化情况变化形式例词一般情况加-s girls; books;以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es classes; boxes; watches;brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i, 加es city---cities; baby---babies以f或fe结尾的名词变f,fe为v, 加es knife---knives; leaf---leaves以O结尾的名词potatoes; tomatoes;photos; kilos; bamboos; radios2、少数名词有不规则的变化形式policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women;tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer;Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish四、名词所有格(运用)名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式,它也有构成上的变化。

初中英语语法知识点整理总结(超详细),学霸人手一份

初中英语语法知识点整理总结(超详细),学霸人手一份

初中英语语法知识点整理总结(超详细),学霸人手一份初中英语语法知识点整理总结一、名词(Noun)1. 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词有单数和复数形式,而不可数名词没有复数形式。

2. 名词的复数形式:a. 大多数名词在词尾加-s:book-books, girl-girlsb. 以-s, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的名词在词尾加-es:box-boxes, class-classesc. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变y为i, 再加-es:family-families, baby-babiesd. 以-f, -fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v, 再加-es:leaf-leaves, half-halvese. 一些名词变化不规则:man-men, woman-women, child-children3. 名词的所有格:a. 单数名词在词尾加-'s:Tom's book(汤姆的书)b. 复数名词在词尾加-':the boys' bikes(男孩们的自行车)4. 名词的用法:a. 作主语:A dog is an animal.(狗是一种动物)b. 作宾语:I like apples.(我喜欢苹果)c. 作表语:The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣)d. 作定语:a car key(一把车钥匙)e. 作宾补:I find the movie exciting.(我觉得这部电影很刺激)二、冠词(Article)1. 不定冠词a/an:a. a用于以辅音音素(consonant phoneme)开头的词前:a book(一本书)b. an用于以元音音素(vowel phoneme)开头的词前:an apple(一个苹果)2. 定冠词the:a. 用于特指某一事物或人:the book(这本书)b. 用于上文已提及的事物或人:There is a book. The book is interesting.(这里有一本书。

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一、选择题1.—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner?—I have some____________, And I like them very much.A./; chicken B.for; chicken C./; vegetables D.for; vegetables 2.—Do _________ like going to ___________?—I don’t know.A.woman teachers, clothes shops B.women teachers, clothes shops C.woman teachers, sport shops D.women teachers, vegetables shops3.—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey.—Thank you.A.mind travelling B.minds travellingC.mind to travel D.minds to travel4.—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world?—Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China.A.the biggest city; any B.the biggest cities; anyC.the biggest cities; any other D.the biggest cities; the other5.Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake.A.Germen; Japanese B.Frenchmen; Japaneses C.Germans; Japanese 6.This is Mary and that is Kate.______ my______.A.She's; friend B.They're; friends C.They're; friend 7.—What does your mother have for dinner?—A.Chickens and tomato B.Chicken and tomatoes.C.Chicken and tomato.8.My mother often________when she was a young girl.A.keep diaries B.keep diary C.kept diaries D.kept diary 9.—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join?—He can join the ______ club.A.sport B.musicC.sports D.swimming10.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are!A.is having B.are having C.have D.has11.Do you know the three ______ under the tree? Their mothers are all ______in our school. A.boy students; woman teachers B.boy students; women teachersC.boys students; women teachers D.boys students; woman teachers12.Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow.A.May B.July C.September D.November13.I guess __________bikes are yellow. They have many things in the same color.A.Lucy's and Lily's B.Lucy and Lily's C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucy's and Lily 14.—Whose desk is it? Is it the ________?—Yes. It is ________.A.twins'; Liz's and Lillie's B.twin's; Liz's and Lillie'sC.twins'; Liz and Lillie's D.twin's; Liz and Lillie's15.Here__________.You can see me in it.A.are two photos of my family B.is my familyC.is a photo of my family D.are my family photos16.She ______ her______every evening at home.A.does;homework B.does;homeworksC.do;homework D.do;homeworks17.(2017·甘肃白银、武威·7)“It depends on my ________ decision.” the mother said and looked at her two sons.A.children B.children's C.child D.child's 18.There are many ________ animals in the zoo. I like pandas best. Because they are ________ cute.A.kind of; kinds of B.kind of; kind of C.kinds of; kinds of D.kinds of; kind of 19.Animals are our ________, and we should be ________ to them.A.friend; friendly B.friends; friendly C.friendly; friends D.friendly; friend 20.As we know, China was the first country in the world________.A.make papers B.to make papers C.to make paper21.Let’s wish the food festival .A.succeed B.success C.successful22.Mary, please get some ________for me.A.orange B.pear C.tomato23.When National Day comes, we have a ____ holiday.A.seven-day B.seven-days C.seven days24.—How many________ doctors are there in your hospital?—________ them________ over one hundredA.woman; The number of; is B.women; The number of; isC.women; A number of; are25.—It’s convenient(方便的) to travel from Suzhou to Shanghai by car?—Yes. It’s said that_________is enough.A.two hours drive B.two-hours driveC.two h our’s drive D.two hours’ drive【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.D解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:——凯特,你晚饭吃了什么?——我吃了些蔬菜。

我很喜欢蔬菜。

考查介词和名词。

have sth. for dinner晚饭吃……,所以第一空需要填写介词for;第二空根据后面的them可知前面需要填写可数名词复数,chicken鸡肉,不可数,vegetables蔬菜,可数名词复数,故选D。

2.B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:——女教师喜欢去服装店吗?——我不知道。

考查名词作定语和名词的数。

woman teacher:女老师,复数是women teachers,当man 或woman作定语修饰名词,变为复数时,man或woman与后面的名词同时变为复数,可知排除A和C;clothes shops:服装店;sports shops:体育用品店;vegetable shops:蔬菜店;可知D中的vegetables shops表达错误;故选B。

【点睛】名词作定语:(1)通常用单数名词定语:a shoe factory;(2)“数词+名词”作定语,其中的名词使用单数:an 11-year-old daughter;(3)man和woman用作名词前作定语时,其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致:a man doctor,some men doctors;(4)有些名词只有复数形式,用于某种意义时,习惯于用复数,用在定语时,只能用复数:a sports game,clothes line。

3.D解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:——我听说你的家人已经下决心下周去印度了。

祝你们旅途愉快。

——谢谢。

考查动词短语及名词复数。

make up one’s mind to do sth下决心做某事,故排除A、B;根据“your family”是复数名词,所以“their”意为“他们的”,mind要用复数。

故选D。

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