建筑学毕业设计外文翻译范文

建筑学毕业设计外文翻译范文
建筑学毕业设计外文翻译范文

建筑学毕业设计外

文翻译

本科生毕业设计

外文资料翻译

专业建筑学

班级 092班

姓名 XXX

指导教师 XXX

所在学院 XXX

附件 1.外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文

学校建筑规划设计漫谈

在校园内的功能和各种需求亦趋向于多元化,在规划、设计中必须要找出一种合适的方法来适应、符合现在及未来的世界潮流需要。

1、学校的功能和秩序

学校特别是高等学校的功能相对来说是比较复杂的,在规划设计中要充分考虑到学校中的功能分区和教学的秩序,才能做到有合理的设计和良好的规划。

教学区是校园的核心,是校园建设中的最关键的部分。学校中的一切其它功能均是围绕其进行的。教学区的布局主要有组团式与网络式两种主要设计方法。组团式便于院系相对独立地组织教学活动与进行管理,更能适应建校周期较长而分期施工的现实。“院落”是是中国传统的建筑布局形式,由建筑所围成的庭院形成社交性的公共空间,也有利于学校中的交流。网络式的发展规划有利于不同的科系在今后的发展中专业更新与规模调整,并可灵活调节教学用房的使用性质,因此被现代的新型校园规划布局所偏爱,它利于当前国内的大学院校、院系合并和学科调整的教学改革大趋势。

学生宿舍生活区是大学校园内又一个重要的组成部分,无论改革后学生生活区社会化管理落实的力度有多大,还是由于扩招

形式的“不是数着床板招生”的局面到何种程度,在当前的实际情况下,新建的大学校园依然需要规划好学生生活区的建设。当然要充分考虑到如何便于社会化的管理,有利于形成独立的管理系统,为以后的发展留有可能性。

2、学校的交通组织

高等学校交通组织中,首要的是要体现以人为本的思想。根据教师、学生的心理及行为方式研究各种道路组织、形态和层次,创造一个满足校园使用者的物质和精神上要求的校园环境。

现代校园要求建筑物之间能联络方便、尽量通畅、便捷。为此,各类建筑物的设计,多采用集中式的布局,建筑群体也多以成团的方式组合,尽量减少楼间的距离几交通路线。各个相对独立的区域之间,也尽量打通分割界限,室内外都设有方便的连廊和通道,使建筑群体在整体上能联络通畅,达到提高和保证交通、交流、传递、沟通之最佳的效率。

3、学校的环境和可持续发展

环境对于人心理的影响,以及反馈对人情绪的感染,都会产生物质的效应。人在良好的环境中,在使人精神振奋的条件下,无疑会更多的诱发思想的灵感和智慧的火花,这对教学、科研的作用虽是无形的,但肯定是有效的。现代的校园的环境设计,应该立足于创造优美高雅有文化的校园环境,以适应人的精神需要,提高人的修养,陶冶人的情操……。如立体绿化、室外美

术、雕塑、以及精心设计的叠石、草坪、流水、花丛、石灯及小建筑等,在这极富高雅格调、传统与现代交融、给人以美之享受的校园中,师生智慧之火花怎能不奔放呢?

在学校中除了正常的教学、科研工作外,大量的研讨、广泛的交流是十分必要的。各种研讨和交流,能够是有计划、有组织的,也能够是无计划、无组织的,但往往是后者对参与者的作用是巨大的,而且更加有效。为此需要创造一个能适应并满足师生们灵活、自由的交流的空间。如在室内外设置各种适合于师生停留、小憩、谈话的场所、空间、角落,并放置一些桌椅板凳;有条件的地方能够放置自动售货机或小买部、咖啡屋。这种良好的交流机会,有利于各种信息、情报、知识相互的交流、传递、碰撞,到到智慧的升华。

现代学校建筑要求个体建筑结构体系和内部空间的划分,更加通用化、模数化,以适应灵活、变化的要求。为适应多功能的需要,教室、研究室、实验室的尺度均较大,可通用、可互换,多采用柱网较大的框架结构体系。教室的种类不多,但适应性较强,以保证其多用途、多功能的各种教研环节的需要。

在校园的规划设计中也要注意到对环境的保护和可持续发展的问题。建立即能满足当代人的需要,而又不对将来的发展规律产生破坏的校园。首先要始终如一的保护环境、维持自然的生态平衡。校园中不但要有足够的绿化面积,还要积极的促进生态的

良好发展,如校园的生物多样性,水面的净化、保持,以及推进原有山地、湿地的自然发展。创造新的生态平衡,人造自然环境,制造小气候,充分利用阳关、风、雨等自然资源;使人们能够更好地享受自然、回归自然。

4、校园建筑的单体设计

校园建筑应有校园建筑的特色和品格,探求适应学校的学习生活,反映学生的心理与环境行为的崭新的建筑形式,是建筑师、规划师把握的关键。校园建筑的风格会给人以强烈的第一印象,更是代代已毕业了的学子们的永久回忆。校园建筑虽然有比较多的类型,有其各自的特色风格,可是也要注意加强建筑的群体效应,和谐中求统一,统一中再求变化。在设计时要注重校园建筑的整体性,使其达到和谐统一的良好效果。

高校校园由多个部分组成,不大可能在一期内,一气呵成,由一次投资而建成。由于方方面面的资金的制约,校园的建设往往周期很长,在规划设计中要做好分期实施的准备和余地。同时还需考虑到其在建设周期内的合理使用和多种变化的可能性,而且要避免在后期的施工中对正常的教学、科研有过分大的干扰。

学校建筑特别是高等学校建筑往往被列为重点工程,学校及地方领导对其中建筑有着很高的期望值,最注重的就是“标志性”。在校园建筑中占有主要地位的教学楼,却由于其功能的限制很难能做到体现标志性这一点。因此相对来说功能限制较小的

图书馆和行政楼就要体现标志性的要求。校园建筑整体特色形成该校园建筑独特的标志性,而标志性建筑群体的形成最能突出校园建筑的风貌。主楼则是其标志性建筑群体的主导,占有重要的地位。

(文章来源:中国知网)

外文原文出处:

Ramble on architectural planning and designs of school buildings

In the campus, functions and various demands tend to be diversified, we must find a way in the planning and designs of school buildings to adapt and meet the needs of the present, the future and even the world.

1、The functions and orders of a school

The school, especially high school's function is relatively complex. In order to achieve a reasonable design and good planning, we should give full consideration to the zoning in the school and order of teaching.

Teaching area is the core of the campus, which is the most important part of the campus construction. All other functions in the school are carried out around it. The layout of teaching areas is mainly formed with two kinds of design methods. One is the method of cluster and the other is the method of network type. The method of cluster facilitates the departments to organize the teaching activities

and management independently, which can adapt to the reality of long period and stage construction in the school buildings. “Courtyard" is the traditional Chinese architectural layout. The courtyard surrounded with the buildings forms social public space, which is helpful for the communication of school. The planning development of the network is conducive to the future development of professional updating and the adjustment of scale in different departments and it can be adjusted flexibly in the use e of the real teaching. So it is a new campus planning and layout of the modern preference.it is conducive to the current domestic university colleges, combined departments and subjects to adjust the teaching reform trend.

Dormitory area is an important part of the university campus. No matter how much the social reform efforts are carried out in the management of students living areas, or the situation that "it is not a matter of counting the bedplate enrollment" as enrollment form to what extent. In the current situation, the new university campus still need good planning and constructions of students living zone. Of course, we should consider how to facilitate the socialization of management, which is conducive to the formation of an independent management system, and we should make it possible for future development.

2、Traffic organization in the school

It is very important to embody the people-oriented ideology in the traffic organization in the higher school. According to the psychology and behavior of teachers and students, the architect should study various roads organization, form and levels to create a campus environment which meets the requirements of the material and spiritual campus users.

Modern campus requires the demands that it is easy to contact, smooth, and convenient between buildings. Therefore, the design of various buildings adopts centralized layout. Construction group is agglomerate in order to minimize the distance between the floor and traffic routs. Each relatively independent region, tries to get through the segmentation boundaries. Indoor and outdoor are equipped with convenient corridor and channel, which make the building groups contact easily, improve and guarantee the traffic, communication, transport communication in the best efficiency in general.

3、The environmental and sustainable development in the schools

Influence of environment on human psychology, and feedback of the inflection of emotional effect will produce a substance. People who are in a good environment and in the spirit of encouraging mind will induce more thinking and inspiration and sparks of wisdom.

Although it is invisible in the role of teaching and research, it is certainly effective. Environmental design of modern campus should be based on the creation of beautiful and elegant culture of the campus environment in order to meet the people's spiritual needs, to improve the training of people and foster noble spirits. Such as three-dimensional green, outdoor art, sculpture, and careful design of the stones, grass, water, flowers, stone lamp and small buildings. In this extremely elegant style, blending traditional and modern, to enjoy the campus, how can the wisdom spark of teachers and students could not unrestrained.

In the school, in addition to the normal teaching and scientific research, a lot of discussion and extensive communication is very necessary. All kinds of discussion and communication can be planned and organized. And it can also be no plan and no organization. But the latter is more effective on the participants and the effect is enormous. So we need to create a free and flexible communication that can adapt to and meet the teachers and students. Such as place various settings in the interior and exterior which suitable for teachers and students to stay and rest, and set places for conversation of space and corner, and place tables and chairs. A vending machine or small shops and coffee house can be placed in the conditional place. Such a good opportunity of communication is beneficial to mutual exchange,

transfer and collision of all kinds of information, intelligence and knowledge in order to the sublimation of the wisdom. The modern school building requires that the individual building structure system and internal space should be more universal, modular and flexible in order to adapt to the changing requirements. To meet the needs of multi-function, the scale of classroom and laboratory should be large, and can be universal and interchangeable with large column frame structure system. The species are not so many, but they have the strong adaptability so as to ensure the needs of various teaching link of the multipurpose.

In the planning and design of campus , the protection of the environment and sustainable development issues should also be paid attention to. To establish the campus that not only can meet the needs of contemporary people, but also have no harm to the future development of the campus. First of all, protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance of nature from beginning to end. The campus not only have adequate green space, but also promote the good development of ecological actively. Such as it is important to keep campus biodiversity, keep the water clean, and promote the original mountain, wetland natural development. Make full use of sunlight, wind, rain and other natural resources to create a new ecological balance and artificial natural environment so that people

can better enjoy the nature and return to nature.

4、 Single design of campus building

Campus buildings should have the characteristics and quality of campus construction in order to adapt to school life and reflect the new architectural forms of psychological and environmental behavior of students. It is the key and grasp of architects and planners. Campus architectural style can give a person with a strong first impression, it is a permanent memory from generation to generation has graduated students Although there are many types of campus building which have their own characteristic styles, strengthening the group effect of buildings should be paid attention to in order to seek the unity harmony, and then seek changes in the unity. Integrity in the designs of the campus buildings should be paid attention to in order to achieve good results of harmony and unity.

The campus is composed of multiple parts. It is unlikely to make smooth reading in a period and from an investment. Due to the restriction of all aspects of the capital, the campus construction often is very long. It is important to make room for the preparation and implementation in the planning and design. At the same time, the possibility of their rational use in construction period and a variety of changes should be considered in order to avoid in the late construction interference in the too big to the normal teaching,

scientific research.

The school building especially higher school building is often listed as the key project, schools and local leadership regard these buildings with high expectations. The most important of the attentions is the symbol building. The campus teaching building occupy major position, but it is difficult to present the point of symbolic due to its functional limitation. So relatively speaking, small library and administration building should reflect the iconic request. campus architectural features form the unique campus buildings and the formation of building groups represent the most prominent campus architectural style. The main building is the symbol of leading construction group and occupies an important position.

(From:Architectural Engineering and Design Management)

毕业设计外文翻译资料

外文出处: 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题: JDBC接口技术 译文: JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI(ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口)。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口,使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC,很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢?如果有,那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢? ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统(DBMS)中存取数据的,用C语言实现的,标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI,应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统(DBMS)中的数据,而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1.ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分:应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口:屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别,为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器:为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器:实现ODBC的函数调用,提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要,数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求,使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源:由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器,以便ODBC函数调用,但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用,并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时,数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时,数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求,对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译,并将结果返回给应用系统。 2.JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来,Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序,其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API,编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥,比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱,越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加,对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处,比如它并不容易使用,没有面向对象的特性等等,SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1.x 版本中,JDBC只是一个可选部件,到了JDK1.1公布时,SQL类包(也就是JDBCAPI)

本科毕业设计文献综述范例(1)

###大学 本科毕业设计(论文)文献综述 课题名称: 学院(系): 年级专业: 学生姓名: 指导教师: 完成日期:

燕山大学本科生毕业设计(论文) 一、课题国内外现状 中厚板轧机是用于轧制中厚度钢板的轧钢设备。在国民经济的各个部门中广泛的采用中板。它主要用于制造交通运输工具(如汽车、拖拉机、传播、铁路车辆及航空机械等)、钢机构件(如各种贮存容器、锅炉、桥梁及其他工业结构件)、焊管及一般机械制品等[1~3]。 1 世界中厚板轧机的发展概况 19世纪五十年代,美国用采用二辊可逆式轧机生产中板。轧机前后设置传动滚道,用机械化操作实现来回轧制,而且辊身长度已增加到2m以上,轧机是靠蒸汽机传动的。1864年美国创建了世界上第一套三辊劳特式中板轧机,当时盛行一时,推广于世界。1918年卢肯斯钢铁公司科茨维尔厂为了满足军舰用板的需求,建成了一套5230mm四辊式轧机,这是世界上第一套5m以上的轧机。1907年美国钢铁公司南厂为了轧边,首次创建了万能式厚板轧机,于1931年又建成了世界上第一套连续式中厚板轧机。欧洲国家中厚板生产也是较早的。1910年,捷克斯洛伐克投产了一套4500mm二辊式厚板轧机。1940年,德国建成了一套5000mm四辊式厚板轧机。1937年,英国投产了一套3810mm中厚板轧机。1939年,法国建成了一套4700mm 四辊式厚板轧机。这些轧机都是用于生产机器和兵器用的钢板,多数是为了二次世界大战备战的需要。1941年日本投产了一套5280mm四辊式厚板轧机,主要用于满足海军用板的需要。20世纪50年代,掌握了中厚板生产的计算机控制。20世纪80年代,由于中厚板的使用部门萧条,许多主要产钢国家的中厚板产量都有所下降,西欧国家、日本和美国关闭了一批中厚板轧机(宽度一般在3、4米以下)。国外除了大的厚板轧机以外,其他大型的轧机已很少再建。1984年底,法国东北方钢铁联营敦刻尔克厂在4300mm轧机后面增加一架5000mm宽厚板轧机,增加了产量,且扩大了品种。1984年底,苏联伊尔诺斯克厂新建了一套5000mm宽厚板轧机,年产量达100万t。1985年初,德国迪林冶金公司迪林根厂将4320mm轧机换成4800mm 轧机,并在前面增加一架特宽得5500mm轧机。1985年12月日本钢管公司福山厂新型制造了一套4700mmHCW型轧机,替换下原有得轧机,更有效地控制板形,以提高钢板的质量。 - 2 -

建筑类外文文献及中文翻译

forced concrete structure reinforced with an overviewRein Since the reform and opening up, with the national economy's rapid and sustained development of a reinforced concrete structure built, reinforced with the development of technology has been great. Therefore, to promote the use of advanced technology reinforced connecting to improve project quality and speed up the pace of construction, improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and is of great significance. Reinforced steel bars connecting technologies can be divided into two broad categories linking welding machinery and steel. There are six types of welding steel welding methods, and some apply to the prefabricated plant, and some apply to the construction site, some of both apply. There are three types of machinery commonly used reinforcement linking method primarily applicable to the construction site. Ways has its own characteristics and different application, and in the continuous development and improvement. In actual production, should be based on specific conditions of work, working environment and technical requirements, the choice of suitable methods to achieve the best overall efficiency. 1、steel mechanical link 1.1 radial squeeze link Will be a steel sleeve in two sets to the highly-reinforced Department with superhigh pressure hydraulic equipment (squeeze tongs) along steel sleeve radial squeeze steel casing, in squeezing out tongs squeeze pressure role of a steel sleeve plasticity deformation closely integrated with reinforced through reinforced steel sleeve and Wang Liang's Position will be two solid steel bars linked Characteristic: Connect intensity to be high, performance reliable, can bear high stress draw and pigeonhole the load and tired load repeatedly.

软件开发概念和设计方法大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计(论文)外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目:软件开发概念和设计方法文献、资料英文题目: 文献、资料来源: 文献、资料发表(出版)日期: 院(部): 专业: 班级: 姓名: 学号: 指导教师: 翻译日期: 2017.02.14

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