最新药学英语名词解释整理

合集下载

药学英语名词解释整理（3）

药学英语名词解释整理（3）药学英语名词解释整理18. 最小有效量/最小有效浓度(minimal effective dose/concentration)：引起效应的最小药量或最小药物浓度,即阈剂量或阈浓度。

19. 治疗量（常用量，therapeutic dose）比最小有效量大比最小中毒量小得多的量20. 极量（最大治疗量 maximal dose）疗效最大的剂量21. 最小中毒量：出现中毒症状的最小剂量。

22. 量反应：效应强弱随剂量增减呈连续性量的变化；形成足直型曲线。

23. 质反应：药理效应随剂量表现为反应性质变。

用阳性率或阴性率表示效应。

形成S型曲线。

24. 半数有效量（ED50）：量反应中能引起50%最大效应强度的药量；质反应中引起50%实验对象出现阳性反应的药量。

（尽可能小则好）25. 半数致死量（LD50）：引起50%实验对象死亡的药量。

（尽可能大则好）26. 治疗指数（therapeutic index/TI）:以药物LD50与ED50的比值来表示药物的安全性。

一般TI值大于3称药物安全。

27. 最大效应（Emax）/效能（efficacy）:药理效应达到的不再随剂量或浓度的增加而增强的极限效应。

28. 效价强度（potency）：引起等效应的相对浓度或剂量。

剂量越小，效价强度越大。

（亲和力:药物与受体结合的能力。

内在活性：药物与受体结合时发生效应的能力。

）29. 激动药（agonist）:既有亲和力又有内在活性的药物,能与受体结合并激动受体产生效应。

30. 部分激动药：较强的亲和力但内在活性不强（α<1）。

特点：只引起较弱的激动效应，增加浓度也达不到Emax；31. 拮抗药（antagonist）：有较强的亲和力而无内在活性（α=0）的药物，与受体结合不激动受体，反因占据受体而拮抗激动药效应。

32. 竞争性拮抗药:可逆性地与激动药竞争相同的受体；增加激动药的浓度可与拮抗药竞争结合部位，可使激动药量效曲线平行右移，但斜率和最大效应不变。

药学常见的英文名词解释

药学常见的英文名词解释导语：药学是研究药物的性质、制备、性能评价、临床应用以及药物的副作用等方面的学科。

在药学领域中，有许多常见的英文名词需要解释。

本文将对其中一些常见的名词进行解释，以帮助读者更好地理解药学知识。

一、Active ingredient（活性成分）活性成分是指药物中能够对人体产生治疗作用的化学物质。

药物的活性成分通常是通过药物的提取、合成或者其他方法制备而成。

例如，阿司匹林的活性成分是乙酰水杨酸。

二、Drug delivery system（药物给药系统）药物给药系统是指药物在进入人体后发挥作用的方式和途径。

药物可以通过口服、注射、贴剂等多种途径给予患者。

药物给药系统的选择与药物的性质、患者的病情以及治疗需求等因素有关。

三、Pharmacokinetics（药物动力学）药物动力学是研究药物在人体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程的科学。

了解药物动力学可以帮助我们更好地理解药物在体内的作用和影响。

药物动力学涉及到吸收速度、生物利用度、药物的分布范围以及半衰期等参数。

四、Pharmacodynamics（药物动力学）药物动力学是研究药物在体内的生理和生化作用的科学。

药物动力学研究药物与生物体的相互作用以及药物在分子水平上的作用机制。

通过研究药物的动力学原理，可以预测药物在人体内的药效和副作用。

五、Adverse drug reaction（药物不良反应）药物不良反应是指在正常使用或治疗范围内，药物对人体产生的有害的、非预期的反应。

药物不良反应可以包括过敏反应、中毒反应、药物相互作用等。

了解药物不良反应对于合理用药和提高药物安全性至关重要。

六、Pharmaceutical formulation（药物制剂）药物制剂是指将活性成分与辅料以一定比例混合，经过制备工艺制成的制剂形式，便于患者使用的药物形式。

药物制剂包括片剂、注射剂、栓剂、乳剂等。

药物制剂的选择将根据药物的性质和治疗的需要来确定。

药学英语词汇

药学英语词汇药学英语词汇是药学领域中不可或缺的一部分。

它涵盖了许多不同的概念和术语，涉及药物的研发、生产、管理和使用等方面。

下面将介绍一些常用的药学英语词汇，并对其进行拓展说明。

1. Pharmacology (药理学): The study of how drugs interact with the body and how they produce therapeutic effects or side effects.2. Pharmaceutical (制药的): Relating to the production, development, and sale of drugs.3. Pharmacokinetics (药物动力学): The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body.4. Pharmacodynamics (药物动力学): The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body at the cellular and molecular level.5. Drug formulation (药物制剂): The process of developing the most suitable form of a drug for administration, such as tablets, capsules, or injections.6. Clinical trial (临床试验): A research study that tests the safety andeffectiveness of a new drug or treatment in humans.7. Drug interaction (药物相互作用): The effects that occur when two or more drugs are taken together, which can alter their individual therapeutic effects or cause adverse reactions.8. Adverse drug reaction (药物不良反应): Any harmful or unintended response to a drug, which may range from mild to severe.9. Pharmacist (药剂师): A healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about drugs, their uses, and their potential side effects, and who dispenses medications to patients.10. Prescription (处方): A written order from a healthcare provider fora specific medication, including dosage instructions and duration of treatment.11. Over-the-counter (OTC) (非处方药): Medications that can be purchased without a prescription, typically used to treat minor ailments and symptoms.12. Generic drug (仿制药): A medication that is equivalent to a brand-namedrug in terms of active ingredients, dosage form, strength, and route of administration, but is usually less expensive.13. Drug resistance (药物抗性): The ability of microorganisms or cancer cells to survive and multiply despite the presence of a drug, making the treatment less effective.14. Pharmacovigilance (药品监测): The science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems.15. Drug delivery system (药物输送系统): The technology or method by whicha drug is administered to the body, including oral, transdermal, inhalation, and intravenous routes.以上这些药学英语词汇不仅在医药领域中广泛使用，而且对于学习和理解药物的研发、使用和管理至关重要。

药学名词(英中)

药学名词（英-中）absolute lethal dose绝对致死剂量absorption rate constant吸收速率常数acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶activation激活作用activator激活剂acute toxicity test急性毒性实验addition相加作用additive附加剂additive effect 累加效应；相加作用adenosine phosphate腺苷磷酸adjuvant佐剂adrenergic nerve 肾上腺素能神经adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素能受体adverse reaction不良反应aerogel气凝胶aerosol气溶胶；气雾剂albumin microballoons 白蛋白微球制剂alkali-poisoning碱中毒alkaloid生物碱alkalosis碱中毒allergic reaction变态反应allergy变态反应allotted date of drugquality ensuring bymanufacturer药品负责期anaphylactic drug reaction 过敏性药物反应anaphylatoxin过敏毒素anatoxin类毒素antagonism拮抗作用antibacterial spectrum抗菌谱antibody抗体antigen抗原antipode对映体antiserum抗血清antitoxin抗毒素aqua regia王水aromatic compound芳族化合物artificial antigen人工合成抗原artificial immunization人工免疫astringent收敛药autoimmunity自身免疫bactericidal activity杀菌活性bactericidal effect杀菌作用bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriostatic activity抑菌活性bactriostasis抑菌作用Becquerel贝克勒尔bioavailability生物利用度biochemistry生物化学biogenic amine生物胺biological half life生物半衰期biological product生物制品biometrics生物统计学biometry生物统计学biopharmacy生物药剂学blood coagulation血液凝固blood concentration血药浓度blood products血液制品blood volume expander血容量扩充剂blood-cerebral barrier血脑屏障body fluid体液body surface area体表面积broad-spectrumantibiotic广谱抗生素carcinogen致癌物carcinogenic test致癌实验carrier载体catecholamine儿茶酚胺cellular immunity细胞免疫chelating agent螯合剂chemical analysis化学分析chemical disinfection化学消毒法chemical physics化学物理学chemotherapy化学药物治疗chewable tablets嚼用片chiral drug手性药物chlinical pharmacy临床药学cholinesterase胆碱酯酶chronaxia时值chronaxy时值chronic toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronopharmacology时辰药理学chronosusceptability时间感受性chronotherapy时间治疗cipher prescription协定处方clinical pharmacology临床药理学coated tablet包衣片coefficient of diffusion扩散系数coenzyme辅酶cold-storage冷藏complement补体complement system补体系统complete antigen完全抗原complex solubilizer助溶剂concentration浓度content uniformity含量均匀度controlled releasepreparation控释制剂covalent bond共价键crude drugs生药；天然药物cumulative urinary excretion curves 累积尿排泄曲线cytotoxic hexitols 己糖醇细胞毒剂date of expiration药品有效期desiccant干燥剂detoxication解毒作用dextrorotatory form右旋体dextrose右旋糖diffusion扩散directed pharmaceutical preparations定向药物制剂discontinuoussterilization间歇灭菌法disintegrants崩解剂disintegration崩解度dispensing pharmacy调剂学dissolution溶解dissolvent溶剂dissolving溶解dosage剂量dosage form剂型dosage regimen or doserate给药方案或给药速度dose剂量dose or concentrationdependency剂量或浓度的依存性dosing interval给药间隔double-blind technique双盲法drug absorption药物吸收drug accumulation药物蓄积drug administration law药品管理法drug batch number药品批号drug combination合并用药drug distribution药物分布drug elimination药物消除drug excretion药物排泄drug interaction药物相互作用drug metablic enzyme药物代谢酶drug metabolism药物代谢drug reaction药物反应drug sensitive test药敏试验drug standard药品质量标准Drug Standard of Ministryof Public Health of thePeople's Republic ofChina中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准drug tolerance耐药性drug-induced diseases药源性疾病drug-time curve药—时曲线drying agent干燥剂EDO 最大无作用剂量effect效应effective concentration有效浓度effective halt有效半衰期effective rate有效率effector效应器；效应物electrolyte电解质electrolyzation电解elimination rateconstant消除速率常数endotoxin内毒素enteric coating肠溶衣enteric controlledrelease tablets肠溶控释片enterohepaticcirculation肠肝循环environmentalpharmacology环境药理学enzyme酶equivalent law当量定律equivalent weight当量essential aminoacid必需氨基酸essential drugs基本药物essential fatty acid必需脂肪酸ethnopharmacology人种药理学etiological treatment对因治疗excipients辅料excitability兴奋性exotoxin外毒素expiry date药品有效期extravascularadministration血管外给药fatal dose致死量fermentation发酵film-coating薄膜衣filter aid助滤剂filtration过滤first pass effect ofhepar肝首过效应first-pass effect首过效应freezing冷冻gamma rays丙种射线gas analysis气体分析gene基因Geneva nomenclature日内瓦命名法gluconeogenesis糖异生作用glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glycolysis酵解gram molecular weight克分子量gram-atom克原子gram-equivalent number克当量数gram-equivalent weight克当量gram-mol克分子gram-molecule克分子growth curve生长曲线half lethal dose半数致死剂量half life time半衰期half-life period半衰期halogenide卤化物haptene半抗原hemolysis溶血histamine组胺holonzyme and prostheticgroup全酶与辅基hormone激素humoral immunity体液免疫hydrolysis水解（作用）hyperreactivity高敏性immuno inhibitor免疫抑制剂immunoenhancement免疫增强剂immunogenicity免疫原性immunosuppressant免疫抑制剂implants埋植剂incomplete antigen不完全抗原indirect carcinogenesis间接致癌individual differences 个体差异性 individual variation 个体差异性 industrial pharmacy 工业药剂学 inhalation吸入法 innocuity test method 安全试验法 intermediate 中间体 intoxication中毒intracorporal process of drugs 药物的体内过程 intrathecal injection 鞘内注射 intravascular administration 血管内给药 isomerase 异构酶 isotonic solution 等张溶液 isotope同位素 Janbon's syndrome Janbon 综合症 lag time 时滞 LD 100 绝对致死剂量 LD 50 半数致死剂量 LDO最大耐受剂量 least significant difference 最小显著差数 lethal dose 致死量 levorotatory form 左旋体 levulose 左旋糖 light quantum光量子limit date of using a drugafter its production药品使用期Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay for endotoxin 内毒素鲎试剂测定法 linear correlation 直线相关 liniments 搽剂 liposome脂质体long term toxicity test长期毒性实验；慢性毒性实验 low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白 lysozyme 溶菌酶 macromolecule 大分子 magnetic controlled release dosage form磁性控释制剂magnetic medicinal preparations 磁性药物制剂 materia medica药物学maxial noneffective dose最大无作用剂量 maximal tolerable dose 最大耐受剂量 median lethal dose 半数致死剂量 mediator介质 medical colloidal solution 胶体溶液型药剂 medium介质 mesomer内消旋体 microsomal enzyme微粒体酶minimal effective dose 最小有效量 minimal lethal dose 最小致死剂量 mixture 合剂 MLD最小致死剂量 mol fraction concentration 摩尔分数浓度 molal comcentration 克分子浓度 molar comcentratin 克分子浓度 molar fraction 克分子分数 molar volume 摩尔分子体积 molarity 摩尔浓度 mole 摩尔 mole volume 摩尔分子体积 molecular biology 分子生物学 molecular disease分子病molecular pharmacology 分子药理学 molecular solution 分子溶液 monoclonal antibody单克隆抗体multifunctional enzyme 多功能酶 multiple doseadministration 多剂量给药 mutation 突变 natural antibody 天然抗体 natural antigen 天然抗原 natural drugs 天然药物 natural immunity天然免疫neurotoxin神经毒素nitrite poisoning亚硝酸盐中毒nitrohydrochloric acid王水non-essential amino acid非必需氨基酸nondepolarizer 非去极化型肌松药normal solution当量溶液normality当量浓度nucleotide核苷酸nutrient营养素ocular inserts眼用膜剂official formula法定处方oligosaccharides低聚糖oral administration口腔内给药oral medicaed solublepaper纸型片剂osmotic pressure渗透压parts per billionconcentrationPPB浓度parts per hundredconcentrationPPH浓度parts per hundred million concentrationpphm浓度parts per millionconcentrationppm浓度passive immunity被动免疫passive transport被动转运peak concentration ofdrug药峰浓度peak time of drug药峰时间penetration enhancers穿透促进剂percentage concentration百分浓度phagocytosis吞噬作用pharmaceutical analysis药物分析pharmaceutical chemistry药物化学pharmaceuticalequivalence药剂等效性pharmaceutics药剂学pharmacodynamics药效动力学pharmacogenetics药物遗传学pharmacokinetics model药物动力学模型pharmacology药理学；药物学physical dependence身体依赖性physical pharmaceutics物理药剂学pill滴丸剂placebo安慰剂plasma血浆plasma protein bindingratio血浆蛋白结合率plasma substitute血浆代用液plaster硬膏剂poisoning中毒polyose多糖polypeptide多肽potency效价；效价强度potency unit效价单位powerful drug剧药preparation制剂prescription处方prodrug前体药物proenzyme酶原prohormone激素原prolonged actionpreparation长效制剂prosthetic group辅基psychic dependence精神依赖性quantum pharmacology量子药理学raceme外消旋体radiopharmaceutics放射药剂学radiotoxicology放射毒理学receptor感受器；受体receptor antagonist受体拮抗剂receptor stimulant受体激动剂recipe处方rectal administration直肠给药refrigeration冷冻relative dosage interval相对给药间隔resistance to drugs抗药性restrictive holagogue限制性剧药ribonucleic acid核糖核酸RNA核糖核酸safety coefficient安全系统safety range安全范围saponins皂甙saturated solution饱和溶液selectivity选择性semi-logarithmic curve of drug-time 药—时半对数曲线semisyntheticantibiotics半合成抗生素sensitivity敏感性sensitization致敏作用sensitization test致敏试验sequential design序贯设计serum血清short term carcinogenictest短期致癌实验side effect副作用skin and mucocutaneous administration 皮肤、粘膜表面给药slow pathway慢通道solute溶质solvent溶剂steady state plasmaconcentration稳态血药浓度steroid withdrawal syndrome 类固醇停药综合征subacute intoxication亚急性中毒subacute poisoning亚急性中毒superinfection二重感染superoxide过氧化物surface activity表面活性surface tension表面张力suspending agent助悬剂suspension悬浮液symptomatic treatment对症治疗synergism协同作用synthetic drugs合成药物tablet hardness片剂硬度tachyphylaxis快速耐受target cell靶细胞targetable drug delivery向靶给药TDM治疗药物临测technology ofpharmaceutics制剂学teratogen致畸物teratogenic test致畸试验the Merck index默克索引therapeutic action治疗作用therapeutic dose治疗量therapeutic drugmonitoring治疗药物临测therapeutic equivalence治疗等效（值）therapeutic index TI治疗指数threshold dose阈剂量time-effect relationship时效关系tincture酊剂titration滴定titration curve滴定曲线tolerance耐受性toxic reaction毒性反应toxic response毒性反应toxicology毒理学toxoid类毒素trace element痕量元素；微量元素transmitter递质；介质tricarboxylic acid cycle三羧酸循环volume by volumeconcentration体积比浓度WHO世界卫生组织World HealthOrganization世界卫生组织药名常用词首药名常用词干一、抗微生物药二、抗寄生虫药三、神经系统药四、心血管系统药五、影响血液及造血系统药六、消化系统药七、呼吸系统药八、利尿药九、抗肿瘤药十、激素类药十一、降血糖药十二、抗变态反应药十三、前列腺素类药十四、免疫系统药十五、酶类药及其抑制药十六、诊断用药十七、其他药名常用词尾。

药学英语名词解释

Unit 2-A1.bacillus （复数：bacilli）杆菌，芽孢杆菌，细菌any rod（杆）-shaped or cylindrical （英[sɪ'lɪndrɪkəl] adj. 圆柱形的，圆筒状的）bacterium of the genus（英['dʒiːnəs] n. 类，种；[生物] 属）Bacillus, comprising spore-producing bacteria.芽孢杆菌属的任何杆状或圆柱形细菌，包括产孢子细菌。

2.clostridia （单数：clostridium）梭状芽孢杆菌any of several rod-shaped，spore-forming，anaerobic bacteria of the genus clostridium，found in soil and in the intestinal tract of humans and animals.梭菌属梭状芽孢杆菌中的任何一种杆状孢子形成的厌氧细菌，存在于土壤和人类和动物的肠道中。

ctobacillus 乳酸菌，乳杆菌属any long，slender，rod-shaped，anaerobic bacterium of the genus lactobacillus，that produces large amounts of lactic acid in the fermentation of carbohydrates，especially in milk.任何长的，细长的，杆状的乳酸杆菌属的厌氧细菌，在碳水化合物的发酵过程中产生大量的乳酸，特别是在牛奶中。

6.Prebiotics 益生元natural substances in some foods that encourage the growth of healthy bacteria in the gut.某些食物中的天然物质会促进肠道中健康细菌的生长Probiotics 益生菌A usually dairy food or a dietary supplement containing live bacteria that replace or add to the beneficial bacteria normally present in the gastrointestinal tract一种通常的乳制品或膳食补充剂，其中含有能替代或添加至胃肠道中, 通常存在于胃肠道Unit 3-A7.adenosine 腺苷，腺嘌呤核苷A nucleoside formed by the condensation of adenine and ribose. It is present in all living cells in a combined form，as in ribonucleic acid.腺嘌呤和核糖缩合形成的核苷。

医药行业专业英语词汇_非常有用

医药行业专业英语词汇_非常有用1. Medicine (药品): 指用于治疗、预防或诊断疾病的物质。

2. Pharmaceutical (制药): 涉及药品的研究、开发、生产和销售。

3. Clinical trial (临床试验): 在人体上进行的药物或治疗方法测试。

4. Therapeutic (治疗): 指药物或治疗方法的疗效。

5. Side effect (副作用): 药物或治疗方法产生的非预期效果。

6. Dosage (剂量): 药物的使用量。

7. Bioavailability (生物利用度): 药物在体内可被利用的程度。

8. Pharmacokinetics (药代动力学): 研究药物在体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄。

9. Pharmacodynamics (药效动力学): 研究药物如何影响生物体。

10. Biopharmaceutics (生物制药学): 研究生物体内药物的物理、化学和生物学性质。

11. Regulatory affairs (法规事务): 涉及药品的法规制定、遵守和监管。

12. Drug discovery (药物发现): 寻找新的药物分子或治疗方法。

13. Drug development (药物开发): 将新发现的药物分子转化为可用的药物。

14. Generic drug (仿制药): 与原研药具有相同活性成分的药物。

15. Biologics (生物制品): 由生物体产生的药物，如抗体、激素等。

16. Overthecounter (OTC) drug (非处方药): 不需要医生处方即可购买的药物。

17. Prescription drug (处方药): 需要医生处方才能购买的药物。

18. Drug interaction (药物相互作用): 两种或多种药物同时使用时产生的相互作用。

19. Adverse event (不良事件): 在药物使用过程中出现的非预期反应。

药学英语名词解释整理

药学英语名词解释整理文学1班庄亚勤1、HomeostasisThe progress of stabilization of the internal environment is called homeostasis and is essential if the cells of the body are to function normally.2、Super-infectionIt is an infection following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that are resistant or have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier.3、Adverse reactionAdverse drug reactions are unwanted effects caused by normal therapeutic dose. There are 5 types of adverse drug reactions having been proposed.4、TITI refers to therapeutic index.It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes death (in animal studies) or toxicity (in human studies).The higher TI is, the safer the drug can be.5、Lead compoundIt is a chemical compound that has pharmacological or biological activity. The lead compound is not intended to be used as a clinical agent.It is the starting point from which a clinically useful compound can be developed.6、IndicationsIndication is the disease that a certain drug can be used for.ContraindicationContraindication is the disease that a particular medicine or treatment should not ba used because it is or might be harmful.7、LD50The median lethal dose is the dose required to kill the half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.LD50 figures are frequently used as general indicator of a substance’s acute toxicity.8、ED50ED50 refers to effective dose for 50% of people given it.It is commonly used as a measure of reasonable expectance of drug effect, but not necessarily the dose that a clinical might use.9、Dose- range studyIt is a clinical trial where different dose of an agent are tested against each other to establish whichdose works best or is the least harmful. Dose-range study is to estimate the response vs. dose given as to analyze the efficacy and safety of the drug.10、Controlled studyThere are many forms of controlled experiments. A relatively simple one separates research subjects or specimens into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. No treatment is given to the control group, while the experimental group is changed according to some key variable of interest and the two groups are otherwise kept under the same condition.11、INDA(investigational new drug application)INDA should be submitted to FDA before tests with people begin. It should include a report on toxicity and efficacy data gained from plant and animal test. In addition, a plan for clinical trial is also required. If FDA approves the INDA, the drug is allowed to test on people in clinical trials.12、ResistanceDrug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a drug in curing a disease or condition.。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

药学英语名词解释整理
文学1班庄亚勤
1、Homeostasis
The progress of stabilization of the internal environment is called homeostasis and is essential if the cells of the body are to function normally.
2、Super-infection
It is an infection following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that are resistant or have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier.
3、Adverse reaction
Adverse drug reactions are unwanted effects caused by normal therapeutic dose. There are 5 types of adverse drug reactions having been proposed.
4、TI
TI refers to therapeutic index.
It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes death (in animal studies) or toxicity (in human studies).
The higher TI is, the safer the drug can be.
5、Lead compound
It is a chemical compound that has pharmacological or biological activity. The lead compound is not intended to be used as a clinical agent.
It is the starting point from which a clinically useful compound can be developed.
6、Indications
Indication is the disease that a certain drug can be used for.
Contraindication
Contraindication is the disease that a particular medicine or treatment should not ba used because it is or might be harmful.
7、LD50
The median lethal dose is the dose required to kill the half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
LD50 figures are frequently used as general indicator of a substance’s acute toxicity.
8、ED50
ED50 refers to effective dose for 50% of people given it.
It is commonly used as a measure of reasonable expectance of drug effect, but not necessarily the
dose that a clinical might use.
9、Dose- range study
It is a clinical trial where different dose of an agent are tested against each other to establish which dose works best or is the least harmful. Dose-range study is to estimate the response vs. dose given as to analyze the efficacy and safety of the drug.
10、Controlled study
There are many forms of controlled experiments. A relatively simple one separates research subjects or specimens into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. No treatment is given to the control group, while the experimental group is changed according to some key variable of interest and the two groups are otherwise kept under the same condition.
11、INDA(investigational new drug application)
INDA should be submitted to FDA before tests with people begin. It should include a report on toxicity and efficacy data gained from plant and animal test. In addition, a plan for clinical trial is also required. If FDA approves the INDA, the drug is allowed to test on people in clinical trials.
12、Resistance
Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a drug in curing a disease or condition.。