药学英语 Introduction
药学英语第五版原文翻译 (2)(2020年7月整理).pdf
Introduction to PhysiologyIntroductionPhysiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology.To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases.The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on.Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain生理学简介介绍生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。
药学英语(化学工业出版社)课文翻译
药学英语课文翻译Unit1药品根据他们的产品或来源药物可以被分为三种：Ⅰ、全合成Ⅱ、天然产物和Ⅲ、由部分合成产物（半合成产物）本书的重点是关于最重要化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ——这类药物合成。
然而，这并不意味天然产物和其他的药物就不重要。
它们可以被用作有价值的先导化合物，并且它们通常被用作起始原料或作为重要合成产物的中间体。
表一给出了不同方式来获得药物的概述。
方法举例1.全合成超过所有药物的75%2.从自然资源中分离出的（自然产物）2.1 植物2.2 动物器官2.3 其他来源3.发酵4.自然产物的部分合成修饰（半合成药物）一些有治疗意义的天然产物最初是从自然来源中获得的，是目前更有效的，即：通过全合成而更加经济的。
在过去的几年里发酵，即微生物工程，已经变得极其重要。
通过现代技术和基因的选择结果，导致了微生物高突变体演变的产生，发酵已经变成了对物质广泛围的选择方式。
真核细胞（酵母和霉菌）和原核细胞（单细菌细胞和放线菌）都被用作微生物。
以下为可获得的生产形式:1. 细胞原料（单细胞蛋白质）2. 酶3. 初级的降解产物（初级酶代谢物）4. 次级的降解产物（次级的代谢物）在次级代谢物中，必先提起的是抗生素，以下五种药代表了每年世界范围内价值170亿美元的药物：青霉素，头孢菌素，四环素，红霉素，氨基糖苷类。
大约有5000种抗生素已经从微生物中分离出来了，但在这些中仅有那些少于100种用于治疗使用。
然而，一定知道，那些衍生物通过部分合成被改进用于治疗。
在过去十年中，单单从β-内酰胺半合成的就有五万种药物。
发酵在容积大于400m3的不锈钠发酵罐中进行，避免了微生物噬菌体的污染等等，整个过程必须在无菌条件下进行。
（倒数第五段开始）大量使用的试剂不仅仅是酸（盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、醋酸），还有无机和有机碱（氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、重碳酸钾、铵碱、三乙胺、吡啶）。
还有辅助化学物质包括活性炭和催化剂。
所有这些补充的化学物质（比如中间体）在最终产物中可能是杂志的来源。
临床药学专业介绍作文英语
临床药学专业介绍作文英语Title: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy Profession。
Introduction:Clinical pharmacy is a vital discipline within thefield of healthcare, focusing on the safe and effective use of medications to optimize patient outcomes. With the rapid advancements in medical science and the increasing complexity of healthcare systems, the role of clinical pharmacists has become indispensable in providing comprehensive pharmaceutical care. In this essay, we will delve into the fundamental aspects of the clinical pharmacy profession, its significance in modern healthcare, and the skills required to excel in this field.Importance of Clinical Pharmacy:Clinical pharmacy plays a pivotal role in bridging the gap between medical professionals and patients by ensuringthat medications are used appropriately and effectively. Unlike traditional pharmacy practice, which primarily involves dispensing medications, clinical pharmacy involves direct patient care, medication therapy management, and collaboration with other healthcare professionals to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.One of the key contributions of clinical pharmacists is their expertise in medication management. They are trained to conduct medication reviews, assess drug interactions, and provide personalized recommendations to healthcare providers and patients. This proactive approach helps prevent medication errors, reduce adverse drug reactions, and improve overall patient safety.Moreover, clinical pharmacists serve as educators, empowering patients to take an active role in their healthcare. They provide counseling on medication usage, potential side effects, and strategies for adherence, thereby promoting medication compliance and enhancing treatment efficacy. By fostering open communication and patient engagement, clinical pharmacists contribute tobetter health outcomes and improved quality of life for individuals with chronic diseases.Skills Required for Clinical Pharmacists:To excel in the field of clinical pharmacy, pharmacists must possess a diverse set of skills encompassing clinical knowledge, communication abilities, and critical thinking prowess. First and foremost, they must have a strong foundation in pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutics to understand the mechanisms of action and effects of various medications.Additionally, clinical pharmacists need excellent communication skills to interact effectively with patients, caregivers, and multidisciplinary healthcare teams. They must be able to convey complex medical information in a clear and understandable manner, tailoring their approach to the individual needs and preferences of each patient.Furthermore, critical thinking and problem-solving skills are essential for clinical pharmacists to evaluatemedication regimens, identify potential drug-related problems, and develop evidence-based solutions. They mustbe able to analyze clinical data, interpret laboratory results, and make informed decisions to optimize medication therapy and improve patient outcomes.In addition to clinical expertise, clinical pharmacists must demonstrate empathy, compassion, and professionalismin their interactions with patients. They must be able to establish trust and rapport, respect patient autonomy, and advocate for the best interests of those under their care.Conclusion:In conclusion, clinical pharmacy is a dynamic and evolving profession that plays a crucial role in modern healthcare delivery. By combining pharmaceutical expertise with clinical acumen, clinical pharmacists contribute to safer medication use, better treatment outcomes, and enhanced patient well-being. Through effective communication, critical thinking, and patient-centered care, they uphold the highest standards of pharmaceuticalpractice and make a positive impact on the lives of countless individuals. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the importance of clinical pharmacy in optimizing patient care will only continue to grow, reaffirming its status as an indispensable component of the healthcare team.。
第一章 绪论 中药药剂学 英文讲义
new technology
1、super-fine milling：
2、extration：
（1）semi-bionic extraction method
（2）supercritical fluid extraction method
•Others (without legal authority):
•“Pharmacopoeia internationalis”(Ph.Int.)
•WHO：world health organization
•“European Pharmacopoeia”(Eur.Ph.)
•3、The drug standard promulgated by The Public Health Ministry of P.R.C.
Ming and Qing dynasty
In Ming Dynasty: “Compendium of Materia Medica”,1892 InQing Dynasty: the formation of the Sect of Epidemic Febrile Diseases
Modern times
4、according to manufacture facility and for convenience
•Pharmacopoeia and the standards
•1.Pharmacopoeia
•definition of pharmacopoeia
•Pharmacopoeia is the national standard for drugs. It is compiled and promulgated by government. It is of legal authority.
药学英语-中药药剂复习资料
Filler in tablets 片剂填充剂
Hygroscopicity [haɪɡrəskɒ'pɪsɪtɪ] n. 吸湿性
பைடு நூலகம்
Pharmaceutics [,fɑ:mə'sju:tɪks] n. 药剂学 Dosage form ['dəʊsɪdʒ fɔ:m] 剂型 Biopharmaceutical ['baiəu,fɑ:mə'sju:tikəl] adj. 生物药剂学的 Routes of drug administration 给药途径 Excipients [ek'sɪpɪənt] n. 辅料，赋形剂 Additives ['ædɪtɪv] n. 辅料，附加剂 Formulation [fɔ:mjʊ'leɪʃn] n. 处方 Parenteral [pə'rent(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 肠胃外的，注射的 Gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道
Glossary 4 Comminution, sieving, mixing Comminution [,kɑmə‘njʊʃən] 粉碎 Dry comminution Wet comminution Cryogenic comminution [kraɪə'dʒenɪk] Ultra-fine comminution Sieving 过筛
Pharmaceutical Science of TCM
药学导论 英语
药学导论英语摘要：1.药学导论的概述2.药学导论的内容3.药学导论的重要性4.药学导论在英语中的表达正文：药学导论是药学领域的一门基础课程，旨在为学生提供药学基本概念、原理和方法的系统介绍。
本文将从药学导论的概述、内容、重要性以及在英语中的表达四个方面进行阐述。
首先，药学导论的概述主要涉及药学的定义、研究对象、发展历程和研究领域等方面。
药学是一门研究药物的来源、性质、制备、质量控制、药效、毒性、药物代谢、药物靶点以及药物在体内的作用机制等诸多方面的学科。
随着科学技术的发展，药学已经从传统的药物制备和药理学研究，拓展到生物技术、生物信息学等多个领域。
其次，药学导论的内容涵盖了药物化学、药理学、药物代谢、药物制剂等多个方面。
药物化学主要研究药物的结构、性质、合成方法等；药理学则主要研究药物在生物体内的作用机制、作用靶点、药效和毒性等；药物代谢主要研究药物在生物体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄等过程；药物制剂则研究药物的剂型、给药途径、剂量和稳定性等。
再次，药学导论的重要性体现在培养药学专业人才、指导药物研究和开发、促进药物的合理应用等方面。
通过学习药学导论，学生可以建立起药学领域的基本概念和理论体系，为今后从事药物研究和开发、药物生产和质量控制、药物临床应用等工作打下坚实的基础。
最后，药学导论在英语中的表达为"Introduction to Pharmacy"。
英语是国际学术交流的主要语言，掌握药学导论的英语表达，有利于我国药学专业人才与国际接轨，参与国际合作和竞争。
综上所述，药学导论是一门非常重要的基础课程，旨在为学生提供药学基本概念、原理和方法的系统介绍。
通过学习药学导论，学生可以建立起药学领域的基本概念和理论体系，为今后从事药物研究和开发、药物生产和质量控制、药物临床应用等工作打下坚实的基础。
大学药学基础英语教材
大学药学基础英语教材IntroductionEnglish is widely recognized as a global language, and proficiency in English has become increasingly important in various academic disciplines, including pharmacy. To facilitate the learning process and enhance students' knowledge in pharmacy-related subjects, a comprehensive and well-structured English textbook for pharmacy students is of great significance. This article aims to outline the key components and desired features of a high-quality university-level English textbook for pharmacy students.Content OrganizationA suitable framework for the textbook should cover essential topics in pharmacy, enabling students to develop a solid foundation in both English language skills and pharmaceutical knowledge. The content can be divided into the following sections:1. Introduction to Pharmacy- Definition of pharmacy- Historical development of pharmacy- Overview of pharmacy education and practice2. Pharmaceutical Science- Basics of drug discovery and development- Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics- Medicinal chemistry- Pharmaceutical analysis- Dosage forms and drug delivery systems3. Pharmacy Practice- Introduction to patient care and counseling- Pharmaceutical calculations- Drug interactions and adverse effects- Dispensing and compounding- Pharmacy laws and regulations4. Medication Management- Rational drug use- Pharmacovigilance and drug safety- Clinical pharmacy practice- Pharmaceutical care and patient-centered approach 5. Emerging Trends in Pharmacy- Biotechnology and pharmacogenomics- Personalized medicine- Pharmaceutical nanotechnology- Regulatory affairs and quality controlLanguage Skills DevelopmentApart from the comprehensive coverage of pharmacy-related content, the textbook should also prioritize the development of English language skills specific to the field of pharmacy. The incorporation of the following language exercises and activities will enable students to enhance their language proficiency while learning pharmacy:1. Glossary and Terminology- Include a comprehensive glossary of pharmaceutical terms with clear definitions and pronunciations.- Provide contextual examples to help students understand and correctly use the terminologies in different scenarios.2. Reading Comprehension- Offer a variety of reading passages related to pharmacy, such as research papers, case studies, and drug monographs.- Accompany each passage with comprehension questions, encouraging students to analyze and interpret the text.3. Writing Practice- Provide writing exercises that require students to summarize pharmaceutical research articles, write patient counseling leaflets, and prepare drug monographs.- Offer guidance and examples on scientific writing conventions, such as referencing and structuring academic papers.4. Listening and Speaking- Incorporate listening exercises related to pharmacy, such as patient-doctor consultations, drug information inquiries, and pharmaceutical presentations.- Integrate speaking activities that simulate real-life pharmacy scenarios, such as role-plays between pharmacists and patients.Visual Aids and Supplementary MaterialsTo enhance the learning experience, the textbook should include visually appealing illustrations, diagrams, and charts. These visual aids can aid students in understanding complex concepts and reinforce their knowledge. Additionally, supplementary materials such as online resources, audio recordings, and interactive exercises should be provided to further support independent learning and self-assessment.ConclusionA well-designed university-level English textbook for pharmacy students should cover a wide range of topics within pharmacy and simultaneously develop English language skills specific to the field. By organizing the content effectively, incorporating relevant language exercises, and providing visual aids and supplementary materials, the textbook can effectively support students in their pursuit of knowledge in pharmacy and English proficiency.。
药学课程中英文名称
课程中英文名称：一、专业必修课1. 药物化学 (Medicinal Chemistry)2. 药理学 (Pharmacology)3. 药物分析 (Pharmaceutical Analysis)4. 药剂学 (Pharmaceutics)5. 天然药物化学 (Natural Medicinal Chemistry)6. 生药学 (Pharmacognosy)二、专业选修课1. 药学导论 (Introduction to Pharmaceuticals)2. 药学英语 (Pharmaceutical English)3. 药学文献检索与利用 (Searching Pharmaceutical Literatures)4. 色谱分析 (Chromatographic Analysis)5. 有机化合物光谱分析 (Spectra Analysis of Organic Compounds)6. 生物药剂学与药物动力学 (Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics)7. 港澳药事法规 (Pharmacy Law in Hong Kong and Macao)8. 临床医学概论 (Introduction to Clinical Medicine)9. 病理生理学 (Pathophysiology )10. 诊断学 (Clinical Diagnostics )11. 物理药剂学 (Dosage Form Science)12. 临床药物治疗学 (Drug Therapeutics )13. 药剂执业I (Pharmacy Practice I)14. 药剂执业II (Pharmacy Practice II)15. 药物合成反应 (Drug Synthetic Reactions)16. 计算机辅助药物设计 (Computer-Aided Drug Design )17. 细胞与分子生物学 (Cell and Molecular Biology)18. 生物技术药物学 (Biotech Drugs)19. 生物工程制药 (Biotech Drug Manufacture)20. 医药市场营销 (Marketing of Pharmaceuticals)21. 药物毒理学 (Toxicology of Drugs)22. 药物专利与新药申报 (Drug Patent and New Drug Application)23. 新药评价概论 (Introduction of New Drug Evaluation )。
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专业学习 毕业
工作
教学目的
1. 掌握一定的药学专业词汇 2. 培养专业英语的阅读能力 3. 培养专业英语的写作能力
教学安排
1. 学时分配： 32学时 2. 教学进度：
第1周：专业英语绪论 第1-8周：专业英语各论学习 第8周：综合复习、考试 3. 考试 平时成绩（40%）+闭卷考试（60%）
mother-to-be ion-exchange
bond-ionic double-blind
joint-venture
ion-selective electrode blood-brain barrier
3. 专业英语词汇具体特点：
(1) 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词
（1b）Prolonged exposure will result in rapid deterioration of item.
二、广泛使用被动语句
(1a) You must pay attention to the temperature of the reaction.
(1b) Attention must be paid to the temperature of the reaction.
(2) 广泛采用名词连用形式 (3) 复合词 (4) 缩略词
(4) 缩略词
OTC (over the counter) FDA (Food and drug Administration) GMP (good manufacturing practice) GSP (Good Supply Practice) GCP (Good Clinical Practice) GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship) TDM (therapeutic drug monitoring)
(2) 广泛采用名词连用形式 (3) 复合词 (4) 缩略词
(1) 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，动名词
the standardization of the product absorption rate constant limited date of using a drug after its production therapeutic drug monitoring random screening in drug discovery method of grouping
被动语态 清晰、准确、精练、严密
专业英语的特点
1. 文体特点 2. 词汇特点 3. 语法特点
二、专业英语的词汇特点
1. 医药科技英语词汇主要来自于英语、希腊语、拉 丁语及现代英语等。 来自英语： code of conduct board of directors
直接从希腊语和拉丁语中吸收: thesis (希腊语） formula (拉丁语）
一、药学专业英语的文体特点
特点： 严谨周密，概念准确， 逻辑性强，行文简练， 重点突出，句式严整， 常用前置性陈述句或者被动语态。
举例
People use gas chromatography [, krɔmə'tɔgrəfi] in many different fields. Gas chromatography is used in many different fields.
anthraquinones [,ænθrəkwi’nəun ] 蒽醌, rhubarbs [ ru:’bɑ:bs] 大黄
目的:从药材大黄中提取游离蒽醌类化合物并分离其各个 组分,优化大黄游离蒽醌化合物的提取工艺。
3. 专业英语词汇具体特点：
(1) 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词
3. 专业英语词汇具体特点：
(1) 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词
(2) 广泛采用名词连用形式 (3) 复合词 (4) 缩略词
(2) 广泛采用名词连用形式
safeቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱy range
target cell
surface tension
surface activity
molecular pharmacology
molecular biology side effect
3. 专业英语词汇具体特点：
(1) 广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词
(2) 广泛采用名词连用形式 (3) 复合词 (4) 缩略词
(3) 复合词
bond-covalent anti-infectives habit-forming
专业英语的特点
1. 文体特点 2. 词汇特点 3. 语法特点
三、专业英语的句法特点
1、大量使用名词化结构 2、广泛使用被动语句 3、非限定动词 4、后置定语 5、长句 6、常用句型
一、大量使用名词化结构 （1a）If you expose the item for long, it will rapidly deteriorate.
参考书籍及相关网站
1.《药学英语》 章国斌 编著，复旦大学出版社，2007 . 2.《药学英语》 李有贵 编著，高等教育出版社，2009. 3.《药学英语》 胡廷熹 编著，人卫出版社，2008. 4. 《药学英语》课程网站：
温州医学院主页/数字资源/教学平台/药学英语
5. /
专业英语的特点
1. 文体特点 2. 词汇特点 3. 语法特点
利用希腊语和拉丁语的词素（前缀或后缀）构成： hyper- (hypertension) -logy (Pharmacology)
2. 专业英语词汇的词义单一，具有准确性和 严密性的特点。
Objective ：Extract total dissociated anthraquinones from rhubarbs and then separate every single component from the total dissociated anthraquinones, optimize the rhubarbs extraction process.