2012年11月三级笔译真题
11月翻译资格考题三级英语笔译实务试卷
11月翻译资格考题三级英语笔译实务试卷Section 1：英译汉（50 分）Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin's Poland" was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied."Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk ChopinInstitute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's work and image."We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol," she said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood. The son of a Polish mother and a French émigréfather, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polishterritory.Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris."For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also,"reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's"Requiem" will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor,as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.Section 2：汉译英（50 分）国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。
2012CATTI翻译考试笔译综合能力测试
20122012CATTICATTI 翻译考试笔译综合能力测试Section 1:English –Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts,Part A —“Compulsory Translation”and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic I”and “Topic 2”.For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B,translate the underlined portions,including titles,into Chinese.Above your translation of Part A,write “Compulsory Translation”and above your translation from Part B,write “Topic I”or “Topic 2”(60points,100minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(30points)Nowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley,all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj”(who didn’t want to reveal his real name).He’s an Indian immigrant who,like many other Indian engineers,came to America recently on an H-1B visa,which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years.But one morning last month,Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off.The reason:weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley,“It was the shock of my lifetime,”says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story.According to federal regulation,Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices.They must either return to India,or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS)allow them to transfer their visa to the new company.And the law doesn’t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy.“How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?”Nagaraj wonders.Until recently,H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region’s shortage of programmers and engineers.First issued by the INS in 1992,they attract skilled workers from other countries,many of whom bring families with them,lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards.Through February 2000,more than 81,000worker held such visas —but with the dot-com crash,many have been getting laid off.That’s causing mass consternation in U.S.immigrant communities.The INS considers a worker “out of status”when he loses a job,which technically means that he must pack up and go home.But because of the scope of this year’s layoffs,the ernment has recently backpedaled,issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa.But even those loopholes remain nebulous.The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America,and the possibilities that they will be sent home.“They are in limbo.It is the greatest form of torture,”says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few st fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas.Now, with technology firms retrenching,demand for such workers is slowing.Valley heavyweights like Intel,Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year,which include many H-1B workers.The INS reported last month that only16,000new H-1B workers came to the United States in February—down from32,000in February of last year.Last month,acknowledging the scope of the problem,the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,”and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States.INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month.“We are aware of the cutbacks,”she says.“We’re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part B Choice of Two Translations(二选一题)(30points)Topic1(选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up,it will come down again.What makes it come down?The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth.The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects.Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away.This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity.The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon,the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects.The bigger and heavier a body is,the greater is its force of gravity.Thus,since the moon is a smaller body than Earth,the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface.In fact,the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth.This means that an object weighing120kilograms on Earth will only weigh20 kilograms on the moon.Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull?Scientists have been working on this for a long time.It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth’s gravitational pull.Such machines are called space rockets.Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth’s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket.The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head.The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel.It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle.A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle.A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns,hot gases rush out of the nozzle.The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns.When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards.This is called jet propulsion.The simple experiment,shown in the picture,will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic2(选题二)Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream.But Wang Zhizhi,a7-foot-1basketball star from the People’s Liberation Army,is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA.In his first three weeks in America the23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over“Wang Zhizhi Day”in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards.He’s even played in five games with his new team,the Dallas Mavericks,scoring24points in just38minutes.Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs—and he is intent on enjoying every minute.One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson.He leaned back,stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky.In broken English,he started singing his favorite tune:“I believe I can fly.I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China,the nation’s other basketball phenom,Yao Ming,can only dream of taking flight.Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The7-foot-5Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang:the20-year-old could be the No.1overall pick in the June NBA draft.But as the May13deadline to enter the draft draws near,Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his st week,as Wang scored13points in the Dallas season finale,Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street. Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts.The twin towers are national treasures,symbols of China’s growing stature in the world. They’re also emblematic of the NBA’s outsize dreams for conquering China.The NBA,struggling at home,sees salvation in the land of1.3billion potential hoop fans. China,determined to win the2008Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world—on its own terms.The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision—this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization.If it works out,it could be—in basketball parlance—the ultimate give-and-go.“This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,”says Xia Song,a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang.“Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain.Wang’s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in1999.Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr.—son of the eccentric billionaire—to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA.“You could hear them thinking:‘What is this NBA team doing,trying to lay claim to our property?’”Nelson recalls.“We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.”There was no deal.Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one.He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding,and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league.It looked as if his Shanghai team—a dynamic semicapitalist club in China’s most open city—would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness.Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title—scoring40in the final game.A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart?No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials(even inviting national-team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000season in Dallas).There was also the small matter of Chinese pride.The national team stumbled to a10th-place finish at the2000Olympics,after placing eighth in1996.Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world’s best players.keys：Part A无家可归这不是正常的有市场疲软而引发的悲剧故事。
2012年11月11日二级笔译真题试译
Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.
白金汉郡一座小村落深处，有一所伊丽莎白时期的车马驿站，据说莎士比亚曾在这里执笔创作了“仲夏夜之梦”的部分篇章。
Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.
目前，这里除了是房屋主人的居所外，还是供人住宿的豪华客房，房间租住价格从一晚99英镑到250英镑不等。
"Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said Dean Heaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency,which is representing the owners. "It has been beautifully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."
2013-2016+年+11+月CATTI+英语三级笔译实务试题+
英语三级《笔译实务》试卷（实务科目）2016.11Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”“It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold,” Lee — who died Friday at age 89，said during a 1964 interview. “I didn’t expect the book to sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of reviewers but at the same time I sort of hoped that maybe someone would like it enough to give me encouragement.”“To Kill a Mockingbird” may not be the Great American Novel. But it’s likely the most universally known work of fiction by an American author over the past 70 years, Lee was cited for her subtle, graceful style and gift for explaining the world through a child’s eye, but the secret to the novel’s ongoing appeal was also in how many books this single book contained.“To Kill a Mockingbird” was a coming-of-age story, a courtroom thriller, a Southern novel, a period piece, a drama about class, and — of course —a drama of race.” All I want to be is the Jane Austen of South Alabama,” she once observed. The story of Lee is essentially the story of her book, and how she responded to it. She was a warm, vibrant and witty woman who played golf, fished, ate at McDonald’s, fed ducks by tossing seed corn out of a Cool Whip tub, read voraciously, and got about to plays and concerts. She just didn’t want to talk about it before an audience.“To Kill a Mockingbird” was an instant and ongoing hit, published in 1960, as the civil rights movement was accelerating. It’s the story of a girl nicknamed Scout growing up in a Depression-era Southern town. A black man has been wrongly accused of raping a white woman, and Scout’s father, the resolute lawyer, defends him despite threats and the scorn of many. Praised by The New Yorker as “skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious,” the book won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into a memorable movie in 1962.“Mockingbird” inspired a generation of young lawyers and social workers, was assigned in high schools all over the country and was a popular choice for citywide, or nationwide, reading programs, although it was also occasionally removed from shelves for its racial content and references to rape. By 2015, sales topped 40 million copies.When the Library of Congress did a survey in 1991 on books that have affected people’s lives, “To Kill a Mockingbird” was second only to the Bible. Lee herself became more elusive to the public as her book became more famous. At first, she dutifully promoted her work. She spoke frequently to the press, wrote about herself and gave speeches, once to a class of cadets at West Point.But shebegan declining interviews in the mid-1960s and, until late in her life, firmly avoided making any public comment about her novel or her career.Her novel, while hugely popular, was not ranked by many scholars in the same category as the work of other Southern authors Decades after its publication, little was written about it in scholarly journals. Some critics have called the book naive and sentimental, whether dismissing the Ku Klux Klan as a minor nuisance or advocating change through personal persuasion rather than collective action.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into English.本公司是一家大型国有房地产上市公司，国家一级房地产开发资质企业，连续五年荣膺中国房地产行业领导公司品牌。
英语三级笔译真题(史上最全)
2006年5月人事部三级笔译真题第一部分英译汉Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year."It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat."The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries itsown rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.第二部分汉译英维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。
2011-2020CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题
2011-2020.11CATTI英语三级笔译实务科目试题（2021.02整理版）使用说明：本资料实务科目试题主要靠考友分享信息、回忆整理，难免与考试实际题目存有出入。
整理发布仅供学习参考之用，为避免过多修改原始来源产生语义及文本错误，整理时尽可能不对原始来源进行过多修改。
如有个别句段字眼差异还请谅解。
暂无法提供与原始考试完全一致试题回忆，还请见谅。
综合科目因主要为选择题、阅读题、完形填空（有选项），难以回忆整理，故网上基本无资源。
实务试题答案可参考官方出版的历年真题、韩刚老师《90天突破CATTI三级笔译》系列书目或关注CATTI考试资料与资讯微信公众号（扫码可关注）、微博推送的部分考友投稿版本。
CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题2020.11Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.(50points)来源金融时报|整理@Bcup肚肚的多啦A梦原文链接如下，考试时内容有删减及修改https:///content/16ef6eb2-9a8d-11e6-8f9b-70e3cabccfaeAt51,Cathy wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience to better use.She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young,but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.Several applications later,she was getting nowhere.Then a friend told her about“returnships”,a form of work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people—mainly women—return to work,often after breaks to care for families.Cathy eventually secured a place on an11-week“Career Returners”programme with O2,open to men and women,which included being buddied with a20-year-old male student.He helped to acquaint her with new technology,such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.“On the assessment day,I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles.They were just thinking,‘These women have a lot to offer,let’s see what they can do.’That was refreshing.”O2is one of a clutch of companies,in the UK and the US,that have spotted an opportunity in hiring female returnees,who can put to use again technical skills learnt earlier in their careers.Fans of returnships—the concept was pioneered in2008by the late Brenda Barnes,former chief executive at food company Sara Lee—believe middle-aged women returning after a break make particularly good employees,because they bring a fresh perspective.Women tend to combine high emotional intelligence with strong leadership and organisational skills.There is a“massive pool of highly skilled people who want to return to work,”says head of human resources at an engineering company.“Recruitment agencies typically view people who have had two years out as a risk,but we see them as a great opportunity.”In fact,by hiring female returnees,companies can access hard skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs—and for a discount.In return,employers coach older females back into working life.Through her returnship,she gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant,handling projects within service management at O2.She still is earning less than she would like to.“But it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,”she says.It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young government figures show that women account for around90per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.A lack of older women working,particularly in highly skilled roles,is costing the UK economy £50bn a year,according to a report last year.This was the amount that women over the age of50 would have earned in2015.The report found that men over50took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in2015.It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled,part-time roles older women often accept.Some41per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time,as opposed to only11per cent of men.This issue is not restricted to the UK.A study last year by economists found“robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women”in a range of white and blue-collar jobs.The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into English.摘自：外交部和国家互联网信息办公室《网络空间国际合作战略》/zxbd/wz/Document/1543852/1543852.htm当今世界，以互联网为代表的信息技术日新月异，引领了社会生产新变革，创造了人类生活新空间，拓展了国家治理新领域，极大提高了人类认识世界、改造世界的能力。
2012年11月CATTI
2012年11月CA TTI：二级三级口译实务试题点评2012年11月CA TTI全国翻译资格考试后，南京沃尔得英语的专家针对笔译实务科目进行具体点评，结合考试中出现的句子段落，对具体的细节翻译进行剖析和分解，帮助考生消化考试真题。
三级口译实务试题点评：对话翻译：总体上比较简单。
只要了解情况，基本上不会产生太大的偏差，需要注意的是表达，特别是汉译英的表达要尽量地道。
下面仅就其中一部分较难表达法加以解释。
Take to the street上街游行。
Burn with dissatisfaction内心极度不满。
广泛的怨气great grievance or hatredjob scarce工作很难找pension right diminishing养老金减少inflation eat away their savings通胀正在蚕食储蓄（储蓄因通胀而减少）这些怨气会产生什么政治影响：What is the political consequence of these public anger?If there is no coherent agenda如果缺乏统一的目标（计划）所以政治家应该勇于担当，迅速采取行动：The politicians must be courageous with their responsibility and take prompt actions.政治家还应该讲真话，尤其讲明问题出在哪儿：Politicians also have to be honest. Particularly, they should tell the public honestly what the root of the problem is.The assault on the whole of globalization is unwarranted.对于全球化的全面攻击是站不住脚的。
翻译三级笔译实务2012年11月
翻译三级笔译实务2012年11月第一部分英汉译1. For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson. On one （江南博哥）of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black comers, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: "L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY."That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple of the books are still pristine, but others—"Bleak House," "David Copperfield," and especially "Great Expectations"— have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, Pip and Estella and Magwitch have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock, Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn't much—a single mention on a veterans' website of a World War Ⅱ captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in New York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He spoke 10 languages fluently～ As an obstetrician and gynecologist, he opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War Ⅱ. His son described him as "an extremely patriotic individual"; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted～ He served throughout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war's most highly decorated physicians.The list of his decorations reflects his ordeals and his courage: multiple Purple Hearts, the Bronze Star with for valor, the Silver Star, and also the Cross of War, an extremely high honor from the government of France. After the war, he remained in the Army Reserve and attained the rank of full colonel, while also continuing his medical practice in New York. "He was a very dedicated physician who had a large patient following," his son wrote.Leonard Generson's son didn't remember the Dickens set, though he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably "cleaned house" after his father's death in 1977—the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were connected because we'd owned the same set of books. The letter both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him—and why should I? His son must have been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What had I been thinking?One possible, and only somewhat facetious, answer is that I've read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthened). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Questions are answered. Stories end.Dickens's cluttered network of connected lives brilliantly exaggerates something that is true of all of us. We want to impose order through telling stories, maybe because there is so much wedon't know about our own stories and the stories of those around us.Leonard Generson's life touched mine only lightly, through the coincidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of him and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in the middle of their own lives and their own stories.正确答案：三十多年来，我一直想知道L.R. 杰内森(L.R. Generson)到底是何许人。
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翻译行业建议首先要强调的是，这是一篇网文，通读全篇后，我觉得很有意义和价值。
让我对于翻译行业有了一个更清晰的认识，不再那么想当然。
转载如下：作为一名在翻译圈混了10年的圈内人，从软件开发、汉化到专业技术翻译逐渐并行，从客户、翻译公司、专职或自由译员三位一体的角色都经历过，现说说我三个角色的译事经历。
本人经历都侧重笔译。
成为一个合格的笔译译员，语言能力、专业知识要经过5，6年。
均月收入1万。
走上这条路，是因为自己对语言的钟爱和兴趣。
但10年经历，给我的感受是：做文字翻译工作很辛苦，喜爱也要选择离开. 国内翻译行业现状: 95％的翻译公司是“洗衣房”，基本所有投简历应聘笔译的人都不胜任。
报价逐年下降。
积累了多年翻译经验的合格的译员，最后会选择离开。
我算不上优秀翻译，但坚持了10年，在同行里算坚持很久了。
下面是根据自己10年来，在不同角色岗位上的真实经历，对客户、翻译公司、译员的建议，对客户理性的价格、翻译公司提供保证质量的服务、合格的译员等方面阐述。
对客户说的话：1. 不要指望专家给你提供翻译服务，真正的专家不挣你这个钱！有幸得到专家看一看就不错了！翻译公司是养不起这样的专家的；不要迷信外语学院的教授，他们自己不会亲自做的，而是找几个研究生来做，外语水平好的，专业知识欠缺；有专业背景知识的，语言水平往往欠缺；不要迷信海归，做翻译的海归，差不多都是海待；听说能力还可以，笔译和写作能力不入流。
专业知识和实践经验尤其欠缺；道理简单：中文听说没有问题的人中，文盲也很多。
2. 如果选择和自由译员合作，专业知识、语言水平、翻译经验缺一不可，选择有该专业领域3、5年以上的译员合作，比较靠谱；专业的Soho一族最好，这些人现在也比较好找，很多人在一些大的门户网站上有自己的博客或空间，看看他们会写一些翻译经验点滴，注意不是转载。
一个译员正常的工作量（包括翻译、排版、一般的编辑检查工作）：8－10小时，大约最多是3000－3500外文单词量，2500－3000是正常，这一点是保证质量的基本前提；如果译员对你说，他一天能做到5千以上，你就可以怀疑翻译质量；如果说能翻译到6千以上，肯定是扯。
所以您要防止这些人转包或分包（因为翻译很辛苦，都想挣钱快；如果分包给水平相当的译员，他就无利可图，转包就是为了以次充好），你就要求他每天把翻译的文稿提交给你，看不看在你，但这是一种警示！即便从翻译公司接活的译员，也常常转包给他人，自己赚取轻松钱！（曾经在一家软件开发公司上班时，一份2万字的稿子以150元委托给翻译公司，交回来的译稿问题多多，要求和译员对质，找到第四个人才找到真正的译者，是一个刚毕业学外语的女孩，以25元做的，转包了四次到最后一个译员手里，翻译公司的控制和质量可想而知）。
这些专业译员，大都会使用一些辅助翻译软件如TRADOS、SDLX、Startransit、wordfast、de javu等等，你就要求他先给你提供文稿中术语的双语对照，不要白不要！译员提供术语的过程，就要通读原文稿，对译文质量也是一种督促！对于翻译质量如何，其实也很好鉴别，你把他提供给译文中，读起来别扭的句子或组织不好的句子，用自己的话用中文写一遍，就知道了！翻译的重点是译而不是翻（法律文件或专利文档除外），当然，有些译员会自圆其说，完全背离原文，这就要看你仔细对照原文看了。
这些译员的服务价格（英译汉为例）：在北京、上海、深圳等城市，低一点约180元/千字英文（或80元/千字中文，一般英中文字比例大约是1：1.8，这一点猫腻也是有的，如果你报的价格低一点，译员就可能很正常的多出1/10的译文量，这对于经验丰富的译员，不难做到，所以这个比例数也是对你也是很重要的。
不过要看具体文体。
这一比例不适合某些文体。
）；其他地方的译员便宜一些；如果你的的文档难度大，要求高，属于正式印刷出版，价格还有高一点。
对于价格，从30元到500元/千字都有的，但质量怎么样，有时并不以你的报价所决定。
对于坚持做的，做好质量控制，遴选合格译员还是要下点力气的。
控制质量方面，做好质量跟踪和审译，不要以兼职译员或自由译员的稿件作为终稿，提交给客户；增加一道编辑程序就能大为改观，但是客户报价要合适，否则翻译公司是不可能增加这两项工作的成本的；至于使用练手的译员，有时也能蒙混客户，从而追求利益最大化，不好评述；再说新手都是这么成长起来的，我自己也不例外。
常有翻译公司和译员应为翻译质量发生纠纷，拒绝付费，自己疏于管理，没有提前发现问题，等到人家交稿了，挑这个毛病，挑那个毛病，译员很容易想到是翻译公司耍赖。
3. 遴选译员。
招聘过译员的人都有这样的经历，现在的网络招聘很方便，费用也不多，虽然投简历的人也很多，但是能找到可以用的译员，太少！投简历的人中，70％是想做翻译的新手，当然有语言水平很好的，但缺乏翻译经验，尤其是缺乏你所需要的专业领域的经验，基本不能拿来就用！20％的人，翻译过一些文稿，都少的可怜，通常属于成长期，用的时候要提供语言和专业知识的支持，做好管理和跟踪！剩下10％，是有几年翻译经验，语言水平和专业知识都基本具备的译员，关键是个报酬的问题！我个人曾担任一家比较正规的翻译公司项目主管时，3个月收到全国各地1万多份简历，从可以实施测试的人中最后通过测试的30多个人，大都有4年以上的翻译经验，而且很多人用到的时候，不一定有时间！总之，找到合格的译员不是件容易的事，开翻译公司，养不起很多高水平的译员，总得和一些高水平的译员保持良好的关系吧！不要对这些人动太多的心思，报酬要合适！开源是主导，节流适可而止！4. 找到合适的译员要综合考虑，测试时，对于母语为汉语的译员来说，尽量以中翻英为主，衡量标准要高，不能说翻译意思正确就可以了；你找到的是专业译员，不能拿业余的要求来衡量；英文表述要地道，基本能体现英语思维。
专业和语言水平测试，缺一不可。
5. 对于专职译员的培训，是正规翻译公司最头疼的，有水平的译员做专职费用太高；语言基础好，缺乏翻译经验和必要翻译软件工具的译员需要培训，培训之后的薪水要求随之提高，尤其是对于法律、专利翻译而言，即便合格的译员也必须学习与之相关的语言翻译特性、文稿格式、篇章结构、习惯表述等，翻译公司大多不会选择培训，宁可费用高一点聘用合格的兼职译员，这也是可以理解的。
这样的结果是，好的译员越来越少，新的译员越来越难以成长起来，至少成长为合格的专业译员要花费更长的时间。
毕竟学院派的外语和实用外语是有差别的。
6. 购买专业语言处理软件时，须谨慎！这些软件正版大多很贵，完全不像开发者吹的那么神乎其神，但从效率、质量、团队合作、资源积累（即便积累了，有多大用处，不明）肯定是有好处的！不过构建远程虚拟团队是需要必需的软件和技术人员支持的。
7. 结语：翻译公司的发展做大，很难。
对译员的建言：无论是口译还是笔译，想成为合格的译员，要吃这碗饭，都不要不断的学习，不断积累，借用曾经被誉为中国外交翻译的“金童（张建敏）玉女（朱彤）”之金童的说法：“一天不翻译，自己知道；两天不翻译，同事知道；三天不翻译，全世界都知道”。
翻译需要不断的学习，不断的积累，无论你的基础多好，不实践，不学习，就会退化，就会迟钝！题外话，如果是两人以上翻译的书，不买最好！8. 做笔译，重要的工具软件是一定要学的！这是大势所趋，也是自己所需！如学习TRADOS、SDLX、De javu等辅助翻译软件中的一种，如果你是计算机专业出身，想做本地化（本行业很窄，就业机会很少，别听有些培训商瞎忽悠，如果前途光明，他们就不用去开培训班了；需要的技术和语言能力很高，花费的学习和实践过程都很长，入前须谨慎），那么Visiolocalize、雅信、Passolo和制作帮助文件的等等专业软件是一定要学的。
Office软件自然不用说了，还要学习一些桌面出版和文字识别软件，如PDF converter、ABBYY FineREADER，还有markup tools，acrobat等也是会用到的；现在需要翻译的网页文件越来越多，还学习基本的网页制作知识。
这些软件学习方法有所不同，但功能都差不多，尤其都符合相关国际标准，生成的结果文档相互可以调用！有能力的话，学学Indesign和Autocad，翻译国外原版稿件和图纸会用到，不过这两个软件非常专业，学习难度都很大，需要很多实践，而且对你的电脑要求也很高，适合图形处理的才行。
时间和精力乃至费用的投入是必须的，自己考虑吧！9. 不要轻易点评别人的翻译，甚至否定，即便确认自己是正确的，最好再求证之后，可以和乐于交流的同行沟通，对双方都是提高! 对于那些说出来，不情愿的同行，就免了！做翻译的都是文化人，自古文人相轻，臭毛病都不同程度的有！不要轻易批驳或点评同行（包括翻译公司），这是行业纪律！不能保证自己从不犯错误，翻译是一种高强度的脑力劳动，大脑瞬间空白的时候常有，即便是交流也只是自己的理解！反过来，对于同行的指正首先要倾听，然后求证，即便对方说的不对，可以交流！理由很简单，即便是翻译大师傅雷呕心沥血数年的译作，也有人提出异议！现在的译员姑且水平不及傅雷先生，谁能做到傅雷先生的那种认真、韧性和孜孜不倦。
说白了，译稿问题多，译员的臭毛病也多！10. 结语：翻译很辛苦，成长为合格的译员需要学习和积累很长的时间，做笔译要耐得住寂寞。
如果有机会且有水平翻译《哈利波特》，那你就名利双收！读后感言：看得出这篇网文的作者在翻译行业的确积累了很多阅历和经验。
没有唱高调似的职业前景展望，也没有让人读完热血沸腾决定投身于此的激昂文字。
但是通篇的大白话却更让人受益。
之前对于翻译行业总是充满了憧憬和向往，读到第一手的资料，并通过自己的智慧和努力将它推广给需要的人，这是多么有价值的工作啊！但是我根深蒂固的乐观性格从来不会去想做一件事的坏处是什么。
唯有到了已经身处其中，一切都已经晚了的时候才会恍然大悟其实当初的选择并不适合我。
我需要更多地看一看过来的人的大实话让自己从意淫中清醒过来。
怎么会有完美的行业和完美的工作呢？找到最适合自己又可以接受其中种种不完美的工作才是最幸福的。
对于本地化和笔译，我有了更清楚的认识。
当然最重要的还是那些软件，求职利器啊。
诸英专译友可等准备完专八再试着去一一攻破。
慎重选择，努力前行。
共勉！∙Vol.2012.11 （一）译文∙2012年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题∙翻译行业职业规划建议∙口译的训练方法∙【转】译者非语者——从口译员的角色定位看译员的综合能力的养成更多举报该日志英译汉（一）For more than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Geners on. On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on th e flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of th e previous owner: “L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY.‟. That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A coupl e of the books are still pristine, but others “Bleak House,‟. “David Copperfield,‟. and especially “Great Expectations‟have been read a nd reread almost to pieces. Over the years, Pip and Estella and Ma gwitch have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock, Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn‟t much a single mention on a veterans ‟ website of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his f ather, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in Ne w York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He s poke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician and gynecologist, h e opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His s on described him as “an extremely patriotic individual‟.; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted. He served throug hout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war‟s most highly dec orated physicians. The list of his decorations reflects his ordeals an d his courage: multiple Purple Hearts, the Bronze Star with “V‟. for valor, the Silver Star, and also the Cross of War, an extremely hig h honor from the government of France. After the war, he remaine d in the Army Reserve and attained the rank of full colonel, while a lso continuing his medical practice in New York. “He was a very de dicated physician who had a large patient following,‟‟ his son wrot e. Leonard Generson‟s son didn‟t remember the Dickens set, thou gh he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably “cleaned house‟. after his father‟ death in 1977 - the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intellige nt, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I wer e connected because we‟d owned the same set of books. The lett er both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him and why should I? His son must h ave been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext . What had I been thinking? One possible, and only somewhat face tious, answer is that I‟ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphan s find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthen ed). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Quest ions are answered. Stories end. Dickens‟s cluttered network of con nected lives brilliantly exaggerates something that is true of all of us. We want to impose order through telling stories, maybe becau se there is so much we don‟t know about our own stories and the stories of those around us.Leonard Generson‟s life touched mine only lightly, through the coi ncidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of hi m and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in th e middle of their own lives and their own stories.Vol.2012.11 （一）译文2013年05月22日11:40:08三十多年来我一直想知道L.R.吉纳尔逊（L.R.Generson）到底是何许人也。