电子商务物流配送外文文献译文及原文
电子商务物流配送外文文献译文及原文
电子商务物流配送外文文献译文及原文Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors sharpened by globalization and fall of global supply is forcing companies towards optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or partnerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making references that logistic are “worth” 10% to 12% of GDP (Sahay, 2003). According to AMR research (Challenger, 2001), E-logistics has apotential of lowering costs by 10 %. On basics of these two references we can conclude that E-logistics can save our money for as much as 1.2% of GDP. Therefore it is not surprised that in last few years in high effective companies as Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, Xerox, Dell and Benetton Group top management is favorable to Supply Chain and therefore E-logistics (Romano, 2003).There is collection of literature indicating the importance ofclusters and networks not only between firms, but along the value chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters are integral for knowledge generation and diffusion, for technology transfer, for sharing risk and costs, for allowing firms to access new markets and opportunities and, finally, for building comparative advantage in the global market.Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on four primary conditions which he arranged in a diamond-shaped diagram: factor conditions, demand conditions, structures of firms and rivalry and related and supporting industries. The "Related and Supporting Industries" feature of the diamond denotes the importance of clustering in developing international competitive advantage incorporating two features of a healthy cluster: the presence of vertical support through internationally competitive supplier industries which ensure cost-effective and speedy deliveries; and the presence of horizontal support in internationally competitive related industries to co-ordinate and share activities with and to stimulate local competition.In the article informatization of STLC will be presented through the project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster which is performed by Business Informatics Institutein Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. With informatization have logistic compani es’ not just better connectivity with their customers and suppliers but also better performance andfaster responds. To achieve appropriate level of informatization STLC must invest in modern information technologies. One of possiblesolutions is use of internet with his costless policy and in last years high security as the most appropriate communication channel.For all logistic companies it is assumed to control global logistic chain of their customers and therefore are dependent on successful implementation of informatization technologies which leads to decrease of inventory costs, better customer retention, asset management, etc.增加对全球化和全球供应下降削尖所有工业部门的竞争力，迫使他们对优化业务流程和兼并或在降低经营成本的直接成果的伙伴关系的新途径公司。
电子商务物流中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务物流中英文对照外文翻译文献电子商务物流中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Introducing Commodity Flow to an Agent-Based ModelE-commerce SystemAbstractIn our model agent-based e-commerce system [2] we have assumed that a certain number of items of a given product is available for sale. In this note we introduce a model logistics subsystem and discuss how it will be integrated with the system. Keywords: e-commerce;logistics system;agent1.IntroductionCurrently, we are developing and implementing a model agent-based e-commerce system (see [2] and references collected there). In this system multiple buyer agents attempt at making purchase by participating in price negotiations in e-stores and selecting the best offer, while e-stores attempt at maximizing profit resulting from product sales.Thus far our attention was focused on buyer-seller interactions. By assuming that products are in the warehouse we have omitted the question where do they come from. The aim of this work is to describe how our system can be extended to include product restocking processes.Before proceeding let us make a few observations. First, the proposed logistics subsystem is not ―stand alone‖(e.g. similar to that considered in [3, 1, 6]). Instead, it has been created within the context of our e-commerce system, which has directly influenced its design. Second, while somewhat similar, processes involved in e-store restocking a warehouse differ from client making a purchase in an e-store (e.g. in product demand prediction, interactions with wholesalers, methods of price negotiations that involve more ―cond itions,‖ offer selection criteria, etc.) Therefore we have created a separate logistics subsystem (instead of reusing already modeled functions; e.g. price negotiations). Third, this note is devoted to the agent structure and agent interactions and, due to the space limitations, we omit important topics like:forecasts derivation, offer evaluation etc.However, these functions can be encapsulated into modules that can become a part of an appropriate agent. Therefore readers should envision that, for instance, when we write that ―rece ived offers are evaluated,‖then their favorite method of offer evaluationhas been utilized.To proceed, first, we briefly describe our e-commerce system.We follow with assumptions that underline the logistics subsystem and description of new agents that were introduced. Finally, we present the sequence diagram of restocking and use it to discuss in detail how this process will take place in our system.2. System DescriptionOur system is a distributed marketplace in which software agents perform e-commerce functions (see [2] for details, the Use Case diagram in particular). User-Client is represented by the Client Agent (CA). The CA is autonomous and when a purchase order is communicated by the User-Client, it works until either it is completed, or purchase is abandoned. The CA communicates with the Client Information Center (CIC), which facilitates information which e-stores sell which products (yellow-page matchmaking).For each store that sells the requested product, the CA delegates a Buyer Agent (BA) to participate in price negotiations and if successful, possibly attempt at making a pur- chase (successful price negotiations result in a product reservation for a specific time; after which products that have not been purchased are available for sale again).Since multiple BAs representing the same CA can win price negotiations the CA makes the decision if either of available offers is good enough to make a purchase. Buyer Agents can participate in negotiations only if the Gatekeeper Agent (GA) admits them (if they are trusted; e.g. BAs that win price negotiations but do not make a purchase may be barred from subsequent negotiations). The GA represents a given e-store and is created by the Shop Agent (SA). The SA is the central manager and facilitating the selling process it utilizes the GA, and a set of Seller Agents (SeA) that negotiate price with incoming BAs, as well as a Warehouse Agent (WA) that is responsible for inventory and reservation management. Thus far, the WA was responsible for managing product reservations and the inventory. Specifically, (1) before a new price negotiation the WA ―re served‖ a given product—so that if negotiation ended successfully there was an item that could be sold; (2) when a reservation ended in purchase, it adjusted product counters; and (3) when a reservation expired it also adjusted products counters. However, the WA was always envisioned as the ―gat eway‖between the store and suppliers, which is one of the foci of this note.3. Assumptions behind the logistics systemLet us now specify assumptions that underline design of the logistics subsystem:1.Nowadays, except of largest store-chains (e.g. TESCO, WalMart), companiesoutsource transportation activities (considered non-core business activities) to specialists (e.g. UPS, Mayflower). However, we assume here that suppliers are still re sponsible for facilitating transportation. Therefore, we omit transportation related processes and focus only in interactions between e-stores and suppliers2. As a result of (1), transportation costs are assumed to be paid by the supplier and included directly in product price (e.g. discount on delivery costs, will manifest itself in the total price).3. While in the original system auction-based price negotiations were used, here we opted for the simplicity of the FIPA Contract Net Protocol [4]. Therefore, in the logistics subsystem, a single round of negotiations consisting of a call for proposals and evaluation of responses, is used.4. New functions and agentsIn order to perform logistics-related tasks, several new roles were introduced; some of them have been delegated to agents existing in the system, while others warranted adding new agents. Specifically:•demand estimation—to draw information from sales data and/or external premises to predict future sales of products,•warehouse monitoring—to observe supply levels and react in case of a risk ofdropping below values considered sufficient to satisfy estimated demand,•order management—to coordinate issuing orders for goods, to assist inevaluating received offers,•ordering goods—to contact suppliers for their of- fers and to select the best offer,•selling goods—in the system suppliers were also modeled; while goods are acquired without extensive price negotiations, ―someone‖ has to deliver proposals to ordering components,•logistics yellow pages—the role of the ―l og istics CIC‖is very similar to the original CIC ([2]); it has to provide lists of potential suppliers of products; obviously, it is possible for a shop to become a sup- plier for another shop and to suggest that the two CIC s could be joined, but we decided to clearly separate the client-side from the shop and from the supply-side. Another reason for this separation was that while some shops may not be interested in becoming wholesaler, we would have to make changes to the original CIC data structure (e.g. wholesaler—yes/no). Finally, since the logistics subsystem does not involve auctions, the separation is even more warranted.Let us now see how these tasks/roles could be placed in our system. The demandestimation role was attributed to the existing Shop Decision Agent (SDA), responsible for the ―kn owledge managemen t‖functions (e.g. trust management, sales trend data mining, etc.) in the shop.The warehouse monitoring role is already a part of the existing WA. The difference is that now WA becomes a proactive manager of supplies; acting on predictions supplied by the SDA.Fulfillment of the order management role required introduction of the Logistics Agent (LA), which became the ―centra l manager‖ of the logistics subsystem. It is responsible for contacting the logistics CIC for the list of potential suppliers and managing a pool of agents responsible for ordering goods from ―wholesalers.‖ Finally, it collects and manages data related to supplier reliability. This data, in turn, will be one of factors in selecting the supplier.The ordering goods process is facilitated by the Ordering Agent (OA), which is also a new agent. Its task is to issue a call for proposals, collect responses and select the best offer taking into account factors such as: price, delivery time, reliability etc. Let us recall that due to the modularity of agent design ([2]), our system is flexible enough so that any method of selecting an offer can be applied (it can be encapsulated in a module and plugged into the OA).The selling goods role is realized by a very simple Wholesale Agent (WhA). Its role is to respond to CFP’s incoming from OA s.Currently we assume that WhA s receive instructions in what way to generate a stream of responses to the CFPs.Finally, logistics yellow pages are facilitated by the logistics CIC Agent. Its role is to store a complete list of suppliers and products that they sell. Obviously, the logistics CIC uses the original product ontology ([2]), extended by the logistics ontology. When the system is initialized, each WhA registers with the logistics CIC and provides it with a list of products for sale.What was described thus far is summarized in an UML use case diagram presented in Figure 1.Figure 1. Use Case of the logistics subsystem5. Typical Product Restocking ProcessLet us now describe the processes involved in restocking the warehouse. Here, we skip the description of system initialization, and start with the Shop Decision Agent sending a forecast to the Warehouse Agent. The sequence of actions resulting form such a forecast is depicted, as a UML sequence diagram in Figure 2.The SDA communicates the forecast to the WA by sending a FIPA Inform message containing the PredictionDescription (which contains all necessary data such as: product ID, amount of predicted sales, standard deviation of sales, expected purchase price, period for which this forecast is valid, etc.). We assume that the SDA forecasts are of the type: until a new fore- cast, weekly sales are expected to be 45 items of a given product. Forecasts can be issued at specific times (e.g. once a week or once a month) and their frequency de- pends on the information found in data analyzed by the SDA to derive forecast(s).The WA starts by examining current stock of a given product, and if current supplies are sufficient, it sets up to check their levels at the end of the time unit specified in the forecast (i.e. forecasts specified on weekly basis are checked once a week). If stocks are insufficient, the WA utilizes the FIPA Request Protocol (FIPA specification SC00026) and FIPA SL language [4] (used in all agent interactions), to com- municate with the Logistics Agent. The initial message from the WA is the FIPA Request message sent to the LA and it contains OrderRequest action with the Or- derRequestDescription. The OrderRequestDescription contains the necessary information specifying the order to be made: product ID, preferred delivery time, amount and maximumprice. Delivery time and amount are computed based on the current product level, predicted delivery time and an overall inventory strategy.Upon receiving the request, the LA dispatches a query to the logistics CIC to obtain a list of suppliers of a given product. Ensuing conversation conforms to the FIPA Query Protocol, starting with the FIPA Query-Ref message containing the CICQuery action with the Product ID. The logistics CIC responds with the FIPA Inform-Ref message containing the CICResponse with a list (possibly empty) of suppliers. Empty list results in a FIPA Failure message (with OrderRequestResult set to failure) send by the LA to the WA. Similar response is sent when the logistics CIC cannot be contacted.When the non-empty list was received, the LA removes these suppliers that have their reliability value below a certain threshold. Then the LAAgentDescriptions list is formed by supplementing each CICAgentDescription received from the logistics CIC with the reliability information. If a given WhA’s is not known a default trust value is used.After preparing the list, the LA utilizes the FIPA Request Protocol to find a free OA. Busy agents will re- spond with FIPA Refuse messages. If all agents respond in such a way, this process may need to be repeated un- til a free OA is found and responds with the FIPA Agree message. The LA then sends the ordering request to the selected OA and awaits for the result of the ordering pro- cess. LA’s message contains the IssueOrder action with the OrderDescription and the LAAgentDescriptions.After obtaining the request from the LA, the OA engages in the FIPA ContractNet Protocol interactions with WhAs from the list. It sends the FIPA CallForProposal message, containing CFPRequest with OrderDescription to the WhAs. WhAs evaluate the CFP and submit their offers by sending FIPA Propose messages containing the CFP Response actionwith OfferDescription or, if terms contained in the CFP are unacceptable/not interesting, respond using the FIPA Refuse message.Responses must arrive within a timeframe speci- fied by the OA, after which the OA proceeds to evalu- ate them. First, it filters unacceptable offers. Note that it is possible that some WhAs may respond knowingly with proposals that violate some of the conditions and in special circumstances when no better offers were found the OA may need to accept such offers. In the next step, offers are ranked and the winner is determined. Winner issent a FIPA AcceptProposal message containing the ConfirmationRequest action with its offer quoted. The winning WhA must in turn reply with the FIPA Inform messagecontaining Confirmation Response action with the OrderConfirmation which has unique orderID generated by the supplier. This successfully completes the ordering process.The winner can also withdraw the offer by sending a FIPA Failure message. In this case, runner-ups are contacted in an iterative manner. In case when there are no more offers left or there were no offers to begin with, the OA sends a FIPA Failure message to the LA,which, in turn, forwards it to the WA. When the winner confirms the order, the OA sends to the LA a FIPA Inform message containing the InformResult action with the WhA-received Or der Confirmation, thus completing the protocol. At this time the LA sends information to the WA, inside a message of the FIPA Agree type. This performative is used in compliance with the protocol to indicate that the LA is performing the desired task (ordering), but its efforts do not guarantee success (ordering success order success), and thus sending the final response (FIPA Inform) is inappropriate at this stage. Meanwhile the OA returns to the pool of available Ordering Agents.Now the purchase enters the delivery monitoring stage. Here, the LA waits for the delivery from the WhA to be registered with the WA. When a delivery arrives the WA sends (to the LA) a plain FIPA Inform message containing the WADelivery action with the DeliveryDescription, which has supplier’s AgentID and the already mentioned orderId. The LA does not need to respond to this message, but it checks the messages to see if it is currently awaiting a delivery with the given orderId coming from a supplier AgentID. If it finds a match, the ordering process is completed. As a result, the reliability value of supplied AgentID is increased. If a delivery notification does not come within time agreed in the OrderConfirm, actions must be undertaken (recall, that receiving supplies is vital to the e-Shop as its warehouse is likely to run out of stock Those actions are: (1) retry the ordering (sending reminder to the WhA / choosing new WhA), if there is still time, and (2) marking that a retry has been made.If there is still time before the deadline (established by the WA), then order can be retried. If it is the first time an attempt to retry the order is made, a reminder is sent to the WhA. To this end, LA contacts a free OA with a FIPA Request Protocol message with a Reminder action containing AgentID of the WhA and the orderId. The OA accepts the job (the FIPA Agree) and contacts the WhA (also using FIPA Request Protocol), sending it the exact same action. The WhA is expected to reply within a timeframe using either a FIPA Failure (offer is withdrawn) or a FIPA Inform providing new Order Confirmationwith a new delivery time, which is forwarded to the LA unchanged. In the case of an agreement, the LA returns to awaiting delivery, in the case of failure, the LA removes this WhA from the LA Agent Description list and locates an OA to perform entirely new search for a supplier. New search is also ordered if a reminder to the supplier whose delivery we were waiting resulted in a failure. The monitoring stage ends when: (1) delivery is received, or (2) reminder to the supplier was made, but it was refused, while deadline has already passed. Note that we assume that the actual order failure occurs only when the delivery deadline has passed and the reminder failed.This is because it is possible that there is an order delay and goods may arrive late. This information can be obtained from the WhA, and thus the need for the reminder.Figure 2. Restocking process: sequence diagramWhen the monitoring stage ends, the WA is notified about the result by the FIPA Inform or the FIPA Failure message to complete the FIPA Request protocol. The message will contain the OrderRequest action with the OrderRequestResult set appropriately. Furthermore, at this stage the reliability bonuses and/or penalties are calculated and applied. Finally, in the case of a successful order, the WA sends to the SDA a FIPA In-form message containing status information about the re-stocking of the warehouse.6. Concluding remarksIn this note we have discussed the way in which the logistics subsystem is being introduced into our model agent-based e-commerce system. We have presented used UML’s use case and sequence diagrams to formally depict and discuss the most important features of our approach. Due to the lack of space, we have focused our attention on agents and their interactions. The proposed system has been implemented and is in the final testing phase.References[1] C. Bádicá, A. Báditá, M. Ganzha, M. Paprzycki, Developing a Model Agent-based E-commerce System. In: Jie Lu et. al. (eds.) E-Service Intelligence—Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2007,555–578[2] C. A. Butler and J. T. Eanes. Software agent technology for large scale, real-time logistics decision support. US Army Research Report ADA392670, 2001. 23 pages.[3]W.Ying and S.Dayong. Multi-agent framework for third party logistics in e-commercestar. Expert Systems with Applications, 29(2):431–436, August 2005.引入第三方物流企业的以代理人为基础的电子商务系统模型摘要在我们的模型以代理人为基础的电子商务系统[2]的基础上,我们假定一定数量的物品的某一特定的产品是适合出售的。
物流配送外文翻译文献
物流配送外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Logistics distribution1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditionalmanufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobile industry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, V olkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the world’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most global OEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not beachieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and a timely response to sales demand and timely replenishment. This is also a large-scale cross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel.This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it isnew to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented to manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects. "Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated. Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management. Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use its unique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in the management of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in the fixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings. "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make astable and lasting.5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:（1）Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. It is produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy. Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management, logistics development must reflect. The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services. Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate andfast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key. As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. Value of the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities. Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities. Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist the revenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics. Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc.link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.（2）Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics. Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service.Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization. Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environment re-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors. "物流配送1 导言物流通常被认为是将恰当的产品以最低的成本，在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Electronic commerce and physical distribution relations First, under the electronic commerce environment physical distribution pattern1. The use of EMS services in the logistics model.The enterprise either the business obtains information and so on consumer's shopping list and home address from the website or the hypothesized website, then goes through the special delivery formalities to the nearby post office to mail out the cargo, the customer receives the post office to take the goods notice, brings back to the locus post office the cargo, or delivers directly by the mailman the cargo in the customer hand. The use of EMS services with a convenient, fast characteristics. But, High fees, and very difficult to ensure that consumer receives goods within the time expecting that2. Corporate self-distribution logistics model station.The enterprise establishes own cargo allocation spot in the land's the customer crowded area, after obtaining the shopping information, delivers goods to the doorstep by an allocation personnel. This kind of physical distribution pattern may satisfy the customer “namely to buy namely results in” the shopping psychology demand. But it also has following problem: An allocation layout, the population equipment, the commodity reserve and so on determined reasonably very difficultly.3. draws support from the third party physical distribution enterprise's pattern. The third party physical distribution is the enterprise completes part or the complete physical distribution activity request for other specialized physical distribution company. The physical distribution company itself does not have the commodity, but forms the cooperation alliance with the enterprise, provides the service for the customer. Selects this physical distribution method, the service is the specialization, multi-purpose and omni-directional. But if the delivering goods quantity is too small, the delivery expense must be higher than generally other form service expense.Second, under the electronic commerce environment physical distributionexistence's question the1. The theoretical study of the logistics system and in-depth enough .Our country physical distribution management's researcher just contacted these new theories, waits for in further digests and absorbs.2. Lack of infrastructure, backward technology and equipment, the logistics industry is relatively backward.Our country Enterprise in the physical distribution aspect's Information technology, the integrated management and the computer applied technology level is generally low. Transport capacity can not meet the needs of industry, the main transport corridors are still prominent contradiction between supply and demand.3. Related the logistics of e-commerce environment laws and regulations remain to be improved.4. The logistics industry and logistics management training should be strengthened .The physical distribution talented person and the Information technology are realize the physical distribution modernization basic condition, the physical distribution talented person lack seriously, are unable to provide the enough intellectual support for the new physical distribution system's establishment.Third, physical distribution under electronic commerce environmental effect trend of development more than1. Multi-faceted - the direction of development of the logistics industry .In electronic commerce time, when the physical distribution develops the intensified stage, the integrated allocation center not only provides the warehousing and the transportation service, but must develop distributes orders, the allocation and so on each kind to enhance the added value the circulation processing service items. The modern supply chain management, through from supplies the chain to enable the physical distribution to consumer's synthesis operation to achieve the optimization. The enterprise pursues the comprehensive system's comprehensive effect more and more, from this kind of strategic angle embarking, physical distribution many are the logistics development direction.2. First-class services - the pursuit of logistics enterprises. Under the electroniccommerce influence, the logistics is situated between the suppliers and buys between the supplier the third party, is take serves as the objective. The physical distribution enterprise not only needs to serve for this area, must carry on the long distance service, not only because the customer the hope obtains the good service, moreover the hope service point is not, but are many places. Therefore, how to provide the high grade service then to become the physical distribution business management and the development core topic. Also only then has the first-class service physical distribution enterprise, can impel the electronic commerce truly the development.3. Information technology- the only way to modern logistics industry .In the electronic commerce time, must provide the best service, the physical distribution system must have the good information processing and the transmission system. When the cargo transports from the world, the customer then may place information and so on obtain the arrival time, receipt, so that the warehousing, the Transport company can prepare for, causes the commodity, in does not pause nearly in situation fast flowing, thus raises the service level greatly, reduces the cost, enhances the competitive power, also manifests the electronic commerce to depend on the convenience which well the network platform brings to be quick .electronic commerce and the physical distribution take the modern circulation two big methods, has the close relation. Electronic commerce takes the network time one kind of brand-new transaction pattern, is opposite in the tradition trading mode is a revolution. But, electronic commerce must have the modernized physical distribution technology support, can manifest its incomparable sophistication and the superiority. Only then develops the modernized physical distribution vigorously, electronic commerce can a better development. Along with the 21st century Information technology, the network development, will certainly to promote the electronic commerce and the physical distribution organic synthesis, the modernized physical distribution computerization will become the populace to live the indispensable important part.Fourth, e-commerce model of logisticsUnder electronic commerce the physical distribution and the allocation, are the Information technology, modernized, the socialized physical distribution and theallocation. Refers to the logistics and distribution network of enterprise computer technology and modern hardware devices, software systems and advanced management tools for social needs, strictly, keep the land in accordance with the user's order request, to conduct a series of classification, allocation, sorting , division of labor and distribution of work, such as cargo handling, timing, fixed-point, there is no quantitative way to limit the scope of the various types of users, to meet their demand for goods. We can see that this new type of logistics and distribution is based on a new look, becoming the vanguard of innovation in circulation Basin, on behalf of the modern marketing of the main direction. New type of logistics and distribution will enable the circulation of commodities in a more traditional way of logistics and distribution of information more easily, automation, modernization, social, intelligence, rationalization, simplification, which reduces the production of inventory, speed up cash flow and improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs, also stimulated the social needs of society as a whole is conducive to macro-transfer space, but also to enhance the economic benefits of the whole society, and promote the healthy development of market economy. Traditional logistics and distribution centers can be divided into the following types: the main manufacturers in the distribution center to wholesalers as the main distribution center to retail distribution centers as the main body to the main storage for the transport of the distribution center. The traditional distribution model can be divided into the following: Set-based distribution model of cargo, bulk-type mixed distribution model and distribution model. Finally, this model combines the two types of distribution patterns of the previous advantages, can the flow of goods to carry out effective control of the entire process. Finally, this model combines the two types of distribution patterns in front of the merits of, may carry on the active control to the commodity circulation entire process. Uses this kind of allocation pattern the circulation enterprise, like regional physical distribution allocation center. This kind of operation pattern comparison meets the new physical distribution allocation requirement (Especially e-commerce logistics and distribution under).20th century 80's, the Western developed countries, such as the United States,France and Germany put forward a theory of modern logistics integration, application and guide the development of its logistics achieved significant results. Logistics is the logistics system integration as the core business from production through logistics, marketing companies, until the whole supply chain, consumers and systematic.Logistics integration is the development of logistics industry form, it must be fully developed third-party logistics and perfecting basis. Logistics integrated logistics management is a real problem, that is, specialization in logistics management and technical staff make full use of specialized logistics equipment, facilities, play a specialized logistics management experience, in order to obtain the best overall results. At the same time, Trends in the logistics integration has provided the good development environment and the giant market demand for the third party physical distribution's development.Fifth, the development of e-commerce can not be separated from objects of modern logisticsThis has become the people's consensus, that is why so many e-commerce company after years of exploration and the conclusions arrived at after. Today in e-commerce in full swing, many companies are still not solve the problem of logistics, freight service is still the bottleneck of the development of e-commerce. Claiming to solve the problem of a small number of logistics companies, but also made use of the national postal system, post office, city Express system, the delivery of books, audio-visual products such as small items. The more electronic commerce company adopted has requested the way which the factory, the business delivered goods to complete the customer.Sixth, e-commerce and modern logistics difficult to matchE-commerce enterprises to establish a match with the modern logistics enterprises is not an easy task, first of all, business investment as a result of a huge logistics, land, warehouse, loading and unloading, sorting, distribution, and management need to invest a lot of money. China's logistics enterprises in most of the existing facilities behind the shortage of funds, a heavy burden, unable to transform quickly and e-commerce, security, reliable fall far short of the requirements. Secondly, the segmentation of logistics enterprises in the industry seriously, there is no unifiedlogistics logistic management policies and practices. The transport sector ministries belong to different managements, warehousing sectors belong to different ministries and local. Circulation of documents caused by non-standard, non-uniform, non-GM, turbulent flow of goods, road toll stations, and charges a large amount of smooth flow of goods can not. Therefore, in order to make China's e-commerce to become new economic growth point and an important pillar of the national economy, the state and enterprises must pay great attention to the development of modern logistics and construction companies. In a sense said that the physical distribution facility's quality and physical distribution unobstructed, is a national comprehensive national strength and the economic development symbol.Seventh, electronic commerce and the modern physical distribution difficult to match solutionThe construction of modern logistics facilities, it is necessary to the actual situation in our country. States should establish the authority of the logistics management agencies, logistics development of China's future direction, speed, policies, facilities, systems, etc.; co-ordination to resolve ports and terminals, railways, highways, waterways, aviation sites, the hub of the sector issues and policy division ; the implementation of the work of the standardization of logistics; the logistics industry as the basic industry of the national economy, by providing loans, taxation, the introduction of such preferential treatment. And medium-sized cities should be planning the construction of an integrated logistics center to reduce the storage and transportation enterprises scattered phenomena. At the same time, the basis of logistics enterprises in China's poor, can not copy the developed countries of modern logistics equipment and mode of business. Attention should be paid to the existing storage area and the existing organization and integration of transport, logistics enterprises to mobilize existing positive factors and multi-channel transformation of the existing logistics facilities funding.E-commerce and modern logistics as the two major means of circulation, between closely related. E-commerce and logistics between the "actual situation accordingly," the relationship between the status of the logistics industry will greatlyenhance the supply chain will be a short circuit, and third-party logistics e-business environment will become the main form of logistics, procurement will be more convenient, the price will be lower, as a business flow, information flow and pooling of logistics centers, the implementation of centralized inventory, transport is divided into a transport and secondary transport, more convenient, "multimodal transport services" has been widely available, open-loop flow Information has become the main basis for logistics. However, e-commerce must have a modern logistics technology, it has to reflect the nature and the incomparable superiority to the maximum extent possible so that the two sides has been to facilitate transactions, access to benefits.电子商务与物流的关系一、电子商务环境下物流模式1、采用邮政特快专递服务的物流模式。
电子商务毕业外文文献(本科)
本科毕业论文外文文献及译文文献、资料题目：Distribution to users from alogistics base shipping method 文献、资料来源:网络文献、资料发表（出版)日期:2012。
7院（部）：商学院专业: 电子商务班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期：外文文献：Distribution to users from a logistics base shipping methodAbstract: Logistics is the company's 'third profit source'，while at the end of the logistics of distribution, logistics and economic efficiency has to improve, optimize，improve the logistics system，improve service, reduce costs and other functions in the logistics system to occupy an important position。
Keywords：Efficient Logistics And Distribution Trends Of The Importance Of Features Distribution of transport and other logistics activities，or constitute a combination of integrated logistics services activities。
Distribution of the 'distribution’ includes the requirements of the order by the user，sorting，picking, loading, storage, handling and other activities, one of the 'free' in the transport process is in the 'secondary transport’, ’Feeder' or 'transport terminal', starting and ending point of the logistics base to the user。
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献
电子商务与现代物流中英文对照外文翻译文献In this model。
the XXX its own logistics system。
the enterprise can control the entire process of delivery。
XXX。
this model requires a XXX.3.Third-party logistics model.XXX ns to a third-party logistics provider。
The third-party logistics provider handles the entire logistics process。
XXX。
the enterprise may lose some control over the logistics process and may have to pay higher fees for the services provided.Second。
the impact of electronic commerce on physical n1.Shortening of the n chain.XXX intermediaries in the n process。
such as XXX.2.Increased demand for logistics services.As more consumers shop online。
XXX.3.XXX.Electronic commerce has led to the XXX logistics models。
XXX connect consumers with individuals who XXX.Overall。
electronic commerce has had a significant impacton physical n。
物流配送外文文献及翻译
1、 INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to theright place at the right time for the least cost、 Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditional manufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions、Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking wasthe emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition、Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of botha cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage、 The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by、China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growthover the past three years、 Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the restof the world、 As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the、 In particular in the automobileglobal consumer brands have established operations thereindustry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, Volkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers、 Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011,、 InChina is expected to surpass Japan to become the wor ld’s second largest auto marketorder to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed、Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment、China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure、 This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies、Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most globalOEMs, is an emergent consideration in China、 Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise inthe joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management e xperiences and methods from the OEMs、All these factors increase the、difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers2、 The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2、1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goodsin general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective、 United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, r etail and warehouse-type three types、2、2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role inthe process of 、2、3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities、Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers、 Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-techinformation network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system、2、4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms、3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3、1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers、 With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development、However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role,the process of distribution of the low level of modernization、China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow、Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability、 And domestic retailers in this、area has just started, or have not yet started3、2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center、Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing,"、 The which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name onlyother has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low、 Uniform distribution logistics center can notbe achieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not、materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths3、3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database、Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days、 And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high、 Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation、Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development、The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses o f the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and a timely response t o sales demand and timely replenishment、This is also a large-scalecross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage、3、4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel、This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks、Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it is new to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated systemof systems、4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented t o manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects、"Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated、Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management、Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use its unique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in themanagement of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in thefixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings、 "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make a stable and lasting、5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development ofthird-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:(1)Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services、 If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role、 Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities、 Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing、 Itis produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book、 Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy、 Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management, logistics development must reflect、The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction、 The aim ofLean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services、Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system、 It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate and fast delivery of goods and information、In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness、the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage、 Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key、 As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics、 Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the、 Value analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantageof the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities、Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities、 Basic activities of supporting activities is to assistthe revenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other、 Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logisticsenterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics、 Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, d oes not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc、 link、 Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play、 Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities、Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses、(2)Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development、Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity、Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength、Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics、 Integrated logistics virtualization technology as ameans of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service、Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization、Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources、 Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environmentre-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics、 Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors、 "1 导言物流通常被认为就是将恰当的产品以最低的成本,在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
电子商务及其对物流的影响外文翻译(可编辑)
电子商务及其对物流的影响外文翻译外文翻译原文E-commercial and consequences for the logistics industryMaterial Source: ////0>. Author:Kenth LumsdenDistribution development within e-commerce1.1 Conventional distributionIn conventional international distribution, goods pass through several nodes, or stops, before reaching the customer, see Figure 3. After production, and possibly storage at the factory, the goods are delivered to the national distribution center DC. Here they are stored, consolidated and reloaded, and then sent on to the next stop, the local DC. The goods are handled in the same way as at the national DC, and are thereafter sent on to the retailer, where they are sold to the customer. Since most of the time that goods spend at nodes does not add value, the more nodes there are in a distribution channel the less efficient it generally is Lumsden, 1998.The point where the goods change from being delivered to stock to being delivered to order is called the customer order point COP. In conventional distribution, the COP is at the retailer, where the customersorder and buy the products. This is called a push system since the company predicts the demand and the goods are pushed through the distribution channel Coyle et al., 1996.With e-commerce there are several possibilities for new ways of distributing goods, and presumably there will be different ways of distribution for different types of goods. Time will be of great importance when deciding on what type of distribution model to use. The faster and more direct flow of information on the Internet will make it possible to skip one or more nodes in the distribution channel and thereby increase delivery speed. For example, in the future products might be delivered to the customer directly from the producer or from a national distribution warehouse. One likely scenario is that customers will have the possibility to choose how quickly they want their products delivered. The more the customers are willing to pay, the faster they can receive their products, and the distribution models will then be different according to the lead time allowed.1.2 Distribution structures for Internet buyingAlong with the entry and expansion of e-commerce, it will be possible and necessary to make large changes in companies’ distribution processes. This is because the COP will be moved upstream in the distribution channel, in some cases all the way up to the producing company. Consequently, the distribution process can be simplified to consist onlyof direct distribution from the producing company to the customer. Several different distribution channels can be seen as possible future solutions, see Figure 4. The base alternative is the conventional distribution, which is described earlier in the section about conventional distribution. An example from the food industry could be that the food producer is located in France, from where the groceries are shipped in full truckloads or trains to a national distribution center DC located somewhere in southern Swe den or in Denmark, e.g. Dancargo’s national warehouse at Arendal, Denmark. In the DC the groceries are stored, reloaded and consolidated with other products and later shipped on to a local DC in full truckloads. This DC can for example be ICA V?st, located in Kung?lv, Sweden. At ICA V?st the goods are again stored, reloaded and consolidated and from here transported to the retailer ICA i by either full truckloads or less than full truckloads. Customers then purchase the groceries at ICA i.1.3 Distribution ChannelsThe first alternative for a simpler distribution system for e-commerce products is to remove the retailer and distribute goods directly from local warehouses to customer. This is called home delivery, and an example of this situation could be the purchasing of tulips over the Internet. The tulips are grown in the Netherlands and are shipped to a national DC in Sweden in refrigerated trucks, since the goods are perishable. In this warehouse the tulips are consolidated into smallerconsignments and then transported to the retailers, for example an Interflora store. The customer now places an order at the Interflora store over the Internet, and the florist arranges the bouquet. The flowers are then distributed to the customers, either in Interflora’s own vehicles or in a courier’s van.Another possible alternative is to remove the local warehouse from the distribution channel and use the postal service to distribute the goods from the national warehouse to the customer. This is called mail-order shopping and works as follows. Using an example from the clothing trade, clothes are manufactured in Asia and transported to a national DC in Bor?s in Sweden. The customer places an order over the Internet to the mail order company, and the clothes are packed in parcels. These parcels are then distributed to the local post office by the national postal service, and are finally delivered to the customer by the mail man.A third alternative is to distribute goods from the national distribution centers to the c ustomers. A good example here is Tamro’s distribution of incontinence protection articles for elderly people. The products are produced in Germany and transported to Tamro’s national DC in B?ckebol, G?teborg. There they are stored and packed, and finally distributed directly to the customers by Schenker-BTL.The last alternative is to have direct distribution from the producing company to the final customer. This could, for example, be thedistribution of tailor-made clothes by the company Tailor online. The customers state their measurements and place an order over the Internet. The order is then sent to the factory in Estonia where the garments are produced and packed in parcels. The finished products are distributed to the customer by mail. Another exam ple is Bokus’s selling and distribution of books, which go directly from the printing house to the customer. Amazon is also a well-known company selling books via the Internet. They started their business with distribution directly from the printing house, but have had to switch logistics strategy to one in which they have to build warehouses in order to support the demand for shorter delivery time from the customers in the US Hultén, 1999.1.4 Upstream and downstream consequencesThere is little doubt that e-commerce will necessitate changes in the way products are distributed from manufacturer to customer. What these changes will be is uncertain, but it is possible to distinguish the changes in upstream and downstream consequences, Figure 5. Consequences are said to be upstream when they concern changes in the distribution channel from the customer to the producer. The only thing that is sent in that direction is information, and upstream consequences therefore mainly arise from changes in the flow of information.The main upstream consequence is that the customer order point COP will be moved upstream towards the producer, and the system will thereforechange toward a pull strategy. This will demand a more efficient information system, but will lead to reduced inventory levels and thereby reduced capital tie-up Lumsden,1998.The consequences that are said to be downstream are those that concern the actual distribution of the products to the customers. The most clearly foreseeable outcome from widespread commerce over the Internet is that consignment sizes will be reduced. The reason for this is that the distribution channels will stretch all the way to the final customer, and since private consumers do not need the same volumes as for example a retailer, the sizes will be smaller. Since the total consumption in society will remain the same, or probably even increase, the number of consignments and the number of delivery addresses will increase, and this in turn will lead to more complex distribution systems and more assignments for transportation and logistics companies Lumsden, 1998.1.5 Delivery parametersPoint of deliveryIt is very interesting to know whether the customers have the same attitudes and expectations as the producers and distributors. The results from the diagrams in Figure 6 below show that the drop- off point is still not a fully accepted alternative. More than 60% are willing to pick up products at a post office, while no more than 30% are willing to do so at a drop-off point. This is interesting, since there is basically nodifference between the two alternatives; the post office is in fact a drop-off point for Posten’s customers. This is a clear advantage for Posten On Line Center and a severe disadvantage for other distributors. For example, Privpak has been delivering mailorder products to drop-off points for a long time, but still there is resistance to this alternative.As could be expected, most consumers want their products delivered to their homes; 89% stated that this was a good alternative. The respondents are in other words prioritising the comfort of receiving the goods at their door higher than the freedom of picking the goods up whenever they want. The alternative of delivering to workplaces got a very mixed result. Over 50% stated that they would like to have their products delivered to their workplace, while over 30% said that they would not. From this we can conclude that this alternative has the potential of being a good way of delivering e-commerce goods, but that it needs to be more thoroughly investigated.Time of deliveryThe time when people want their products to be delivered is an issue that has not changed particularly much between our study and Bergendahl & Magnusson’s 1998; the most popular time window is still weekdays between 6pm and 8pm. The results in Figure 7 show that most people are prepared to commit themselves to being home for a couple of hours during a weekday to receive their products.1.6 Logistics systems’ changeabilitySeveral different conditions affect the creation and alteration of a distribution network. There are the ideological, political or strategic aspects. There are the abstract network components such as information flow. There are the physical network components such as mobile resources, and there is the physical network, or infrastructure.When implementing changes in physical distribution, which will probably be necessary to imize the benefits of e-commerce, the time for changing the different aspects mentioned above will vary. The ideological changes are fairly quick and easy to implement; these are e.g. a politician’s words and, as we all know, those can often change from day to day. Changes in the infrastructure, on the other hand, take a lot of time and cost a lot of money Figure 8. This figure also shows that making changes in information systems, which is in a way what ecommerce is all about, is a fairly quick process. Since new types of infrastructure will probably be necessary to fully utilize the benefits created from e-commerce, it is a rather safe assumption that it will take some time before we will see the whole potential of e-commerce. The complexities and differences in these changes are some of the factors that make it interesting and important to investigate how different actors will reshape their networks to adapt to the new demands of e-commerce.译文电子商务及其对物流的影响资料来源: ////.作者:Kenth Lumsden1.1 传统配送在传统的国际配送中,货物需要经过数个节点或者站点才能到达客户的手中。
(完整word版)物流外文文献翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their coreenergy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
农村电子商务物流合作研究中英文外文文献翻译
本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译(此文档为word格式,下载后您可任意修改编辑!)文献出处：Maier S. The research of rural e-commerce logistics cooperative[J]. Information Technologies & International Development, 20171(2): 43–60.原文The research of rural e-commerce logistics cooperativeMaier SAbstractElectronic commerce is the collection information flow, business flow, cash flow, logistics is a process of trade transactions, since have received extensive attention of the society from all walks of life. Therehave been a series of electric business platform with high visibility. On the platform website, the user can freely choose the need to purchase a commodity, and fill in the order and harvest address, confirmation of order, by means of electronic clearing finally by manufacturer according to confirmed order, organization and through the logistics of goods delivery to customers. But the electronic commerce will into rural areas, will face competition from traditional commercial channels, if the business logistics system as rural electricity behind leading time and cost competition but traditional business, so in the rural areas it will be difficult to reflect the advantage of e-commerce, residents in rural areas find it difficult to enjoy the welfare of the new business models, consumption potential unfavorable to the development of rural areas, but also not conducive to the export of agricultural products, slow down the pace of rural economic development. Shows how to speed up the development of rural e-commerce logistics has currently become a hot issue.Keywords: rural electricity; Logistics and supply chain1 IntroductionRural e-commerce Logistics (Rural Electronic Commerce Logistics), as the Electronic Commerce development in rural areas of twin brothers, is essential to tangible goods and services to the rural circulation way ofphysics. Rural electronic commerce in greatly facilitate the farmers living at the same time reduce the cost of the production and life of the peasants, have reduced the cost of sales of farmers in agricultural product marketing, plays a positive role in the development of rural economy. But as a result of the rural population distribution is spread widely, rural area and other reasons, our country existing rural logistics system is not enough to support the development of rural e-commerce. For distribution in rural areas to carry out the cooperation problem, how to build a suitable cooperation distribution pattern in the integration of logistics resources, reduce logistics cost at the same time meet the needs of rural consumers, how to design effective contract mechanism, through the game pricing model to build cooperate fully coordinated rural e-commerce logistics distribution mode of national interests between logistics enterprise and the local logistics enterprises, make the model in practice has practicability and feasibility are the hot and difficult problem of research. In the process of cooperation and distribution, the uncertainty of the supply chain including market demand, the contract is shared by both important means of demand uncertainty risk. Appropriate supply chain contract method can not only reduce the total cost of the supply chain, help to information sharing, improve the partners of mutual communication and exchange, can also achieve risk-sharing, have a greater competitive advantage.2 Related theoriesNow, as the Internet giant's constantly entering and increase of national policy support, rural electricity development potential is tremendous, but due to the problem of rural logistics cost is high and low network coverage makes e-commerce in rural development pace is staggering. The real problem has caused the academic research and attention.2.1 The concept and characteristics of traditional rural logistics and operation modeBecause of the complexity of the rural logistics activities and comprehensive agricultural industry, the academia has not yet formed a unified definition about the concept of rural logistics. Alkhatib S (2005) argue that the rural logistics based on agricultural production as the center and a series of material movement process and technology organization, logistics management, and other related activities.Bernstein F (2006) relative to the urban logistics, the rural logistics is a regional logistics concept, it refers to is limited to rural areas for rural residents production, life and other economic activities to provide transportation, handling, loading and unloading, packaging, processing, storage, etc all related activities. According to the flow direction of the article entity, to flow can be divided into rural to urban logistics and town to rural logistics; Theformer mainly refers to the logistics of agricultural products, the latter mainly refers to the logistics of agricultural production and rural consumable logistics (Jeuland, A, 2009).In addition, can also according to the system equilibrium theory and the theory of circular economy, the rural logistics is divided into three rural input system, transformation system and output system.The characteristics and problems of rural logistics, Lariviere (2006) pointed out that the rural logistics enterprises small in scale, scattered layout, advanced technical force is weak, the management is not enough, asset utilization rate is low, and the rural logistics supply chain each link between each other, causing problems such as resources waste and inefficiency. In addition, the rural logistics has seasonal, characteristics such as particularity, diversity, and diversity brings to the development of the rural logistics is difficult, such as season large difference of logistics demand, directional, lead to transport vehicle flying empty phenomenon is serious. Due to the geographical scope is wide, of rural logistics involved in logistics demand per unit area small and scattered, also bring certain difficulty to the rural logistics service. About rural logistics operation mode, Marvel H (2003) is put forward based on the producers and business centered vertically integrated agricultural products logistics system model;Pasternack (2004) argue that the rural logistics mode can be divided into four according to different types of business models,including machining company logistics organization mode, farmers in liquidity to producers of agricultural products logistics organization model, aimed at wholesalers and retail logistics organization mode of wholesale market and the third party logistics mode. In addition, there are Persson G (2005) based on the information network of agricultural product logistics supply chain mode;Razzaque M (2007) of three kinds of new rural modern logistics operation mode (rural modern marketing type logistics mode based on network, compact rural modern logistics mode and third party rural modern logistics mode), and dynamic alliance mode, etc. 2.2 The concept of electronic business logistics, processes, and distribution patternFrom the management of the scientific method and basic principle of electronic business logistics management can be defined as a, in the second production activities, according to the laws of the physical material flow, the logistics planning and decision-making behavior, including the organization and coordination, command and control, such as logistics activities, its final purpose is to balance the logistics activities, the overall logistics cost reduction, the whole benefit and efficiency is improved. About electrical business logistics distribution mode, Taylor T (2009) by constructing logistics alliance, virtual enterprise will across different geographical service of logistics enterprises coupling system. From the perspective of enterprise core competitiveness, Tyagi R (2010)argue that electronic commerce should use the third party logistics mode. Razzaque Ballow logistics (2012) reference model for 2 d, considering the characteristics of the B2C e-commerce logistics, B2C enterprise logistics distribution mode choice model is constructed, in enterprise logistics management capability and cost advantage for decision-making factors, provides four different distribution patterns: proprietary mode, "proprietary + release" mode, the TPL mode and alliance mode. With lean logistics, green logistics, potter competition theory as the perspective, based on the existing inter-city public transport facilities, Kellers D (2013) proposed the use of passenger train for small type of carriage of goods by two intercity bus logistics transport of electronic business logistics mode.2.3 The exploration research of rural electronic commerce logistics distribution At present, the research literature has built up a certain number of e-commerce, but mostly just proceed from the Angle of theory, research the lack of rural e-commerce logistics and change the advice, of the specific information, capital, logistics involved in the operation mode of the literature research is less.Peck, j. (2013) argues that rural electronic commerce logistic system including end users, suppliers, logistics companies, rural logistics center the four elements of the coordinated development of various elements to promote the development of rural e-commerce logistics rapidly. So under the background of rural e-commerce, they build on the basis of the postal logistics model of urbanlogistics distribution center. The model utilizes the postal network advantages, establish the logistics center in town, effective delivery time, improve efficiency, improving rural consumers' online shopping experience; Especially in the town to the villages of the logistics, the familiar village villages send member, promote efficiency of distribution. But this model has some deficiencies, such as applied to one-way logistics from the supplier to the rural consumers. 3 rural e-commerce logistics distribution mode of cooperation Based on the distribution of rural e-commerce logistics cooperation game pricing model made some new progress in the building, but due to the limited time and energy, this article research work far cannot solve all the problems in this field, research on this field have a lot of work to do: 3.1 The structure of the supply chainIn this paper, by a national logistics companies and a local logistics enterprises to form a single cycle of simple supply chain system as an example, based on the repurchase contract game pricing model; If consider such as a, one-to-many competition structure under the coordination of pricing mechanism will become more complex, this is the direction of efforts to expand further, this paper is also the future research direction.3.2The prediction method of demand and the average service rate Due to the rise of rural e-commerce logistics late, unable to get a lot ofhistorical data, therefore, limited by the data, the process of case study, through the regression analysis method to predict the next annual demand and average unit price too much data may be because the data sample size have influence the result of the forecast. Future research can be considered based on the ARIMA model to predict the distribution of demand, make more appropriate more accurate prediction results. 3.3 sensitive coefficient determination methods In the process of the whole simulation and case application, the sensitive coefficient as the important influence factors, has been affecting the local logistics companies and national logistics enterprise decision-making, based on the case study using the method of line drawing through the turning point in the graph by the coordinates of corresponding points to the division of the range of sensitive coefficient, combined with the binary search, the sensitive coefficient value of the concrete. Future research can not only consider using other methods to determine the sensitive coefficient of the interval, you can also study how to use mathematics to solve the method to determine the sensitive coefficient of the specific value.3.4 Fairness considerationThe Stackelberg game pricing model based on the repurchase contract, to some extent in the service of the supply chain - the collective national logistics enterprises, for national logistics enterprises through the sensitive coefficient method to influence the pricing decision of the locallogistics enterprises, making the model exists in the profit distribution of fairness. Future research can improve the overall profit of the supply chain from the consideration of fairness or perspective to solve this problem.译文农村电子商务物流合作研究Maier S摘要电子商务是集信息流、商流、资金流、物流为一身的贸易交易过程，自产生以来就受到了社会各界的广泛关注。
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Increased competitiveness in all industrial sectors sharpened by globalization and fall of global supply is forcing companies towards optimization of their business processes and new ways of mergers or partnerships with direct results in decreased business costs. With these strategic alliances new management strategies are formed as Clusters, Supply Chain Management (SCM), E-logistics, etc. Some authors are making references that logistic are “worth” 10% to 12% of GDP (Sahay, 2003). According to AMR research (Challenger, 2001), E-logistics has a potential of lowering costs by 10 %. On basics of these two references we can conclude that E-logistics can save our money for as much as 1.2% of GDP. Therefore it is not surprised that in last few years in high effective companies as Hewlett-Packard, Compaq, Digital Equipment Corporation, Xerox, Dell and Benetton Group top management is favorable to Supply Chain and therefore E-logistics (Romano, 2003).There is collection of literature indicating the importance of clusters and networks not only between firms, but along the value chain and across industries. The networks inherent in these clusters are integral for knowledge generation and diffusion, for technology transfer, for sharing risk and costs, for allowing firms to access new markets and opportunities and, finally, for building comparative advantage in the global market.Porter (Porter, 1990) defines clusters as geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions. He proposed a model that provides conditions that have to be met for a firm to be internationally competitive and successful. This model focuses on four primary conditions which he arranged in a diamond-shaped diagram: factor conditions, demand conditions, structures of firms and rivalry and related and supporting industries. The "Related and Supporting Industries" feature of the diamond denotes the importance of clustering in developing international competitive advantage incorporating two features of a healthy cluster: the presence of vertical support through internationally competitive supplier industries which ensure cost-effective and speedy deliveries; and the presence of horizontal support in internationally competitive related industries to co-ordinate and share activities with and to stimulate local competition.In the article informatization of STLC will be presented through the project Modeling, Analyzing and Renovation, Standardization and Informatization of business processes of the Slovenian Transport Logistics Cluster which is performed by Business Informatics Institute in Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. With informatization have logistic companies’ not just better connectivity with their customers and suppliers but also better performance and faster responds. To achieve appropriate level of informatization STLC must invest in modern information technologies. One of possible solutions is use of internet with his costless policy and in last years high security as the most appropriate communication channel.For all logistic companies it is assumed to control global logistic chain of their customers and therefore are dependent on successful implementation of informatization technologies which leads to decrease of inventory costs, better customer retention, asset management, etc.增加对全球化和全球供应下降削尖所有工业部门的竞争力，迫使他们对优化业务流程和兼并或在降低经营成本的直接成果的伙伴关系的新途径公司。
有了这些新的管理策略，战略联盟形成的产业集群，供应链管理（SCM），电子物流等一些作家都在引用后勤是“值得”10％至12国内生产总值（萨海，2003年）％。
根据AMR研究（挑战者，2001），电子物流拥有10％降低成本的潜力。
在这两个基本参照我们可以得出结论，电子物流可以节省高达1.2％的GDP我们的钱。
因此，这是不奇怪的是，在惠普，康柏，数字设备公司，施乐，戴尔和贝纳通集团高层管理高效的公司过去数年，有利于供应链，因此电子物流（罗马，2003年）。
还有的指示集群和企业之间的网络不仅重视文献的收集，而是沿着价值链和各个行业。
在这些集群的网络固有的知识生成和扩散的技术转移分担风险和成本，积分，为使公司进入新的市场和机会，并最终建立在全球市场上的比较优势。
波特（波特，1990）定义为相互关联的公司，专门供应商，服务提供商，在相关行业的公司，以及相关机构的地理集中集群。
他提出了一个模型，提供条件，必须满足一个公司，具有国际竞争力和成功的。
这种模式主要集中在四个条件，他在一个菱形图安排：要素条件，需求条件，企业和竞争，相关与配套产业的结构。
“相关和配套产业”的特征是指钻石的国际竞争优势的发展纳入健康的两个集群特征聚类的重要性：支持通过垂直产业国际竞争力的供应商，确保成本效益和快速交货的存在，以及在场的水平支撑在国际竞争力的相关产业，刺激本地的竞争，协调和分享活动。
在信息化的STLC文章将介绍通过项目建模，分析和改造，标准化和斯洛文尼亚运输物流的集群业务，由于企业信息研究所进行的经济学，斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学法学院过程信息化。
随着信息化的物流公司不仅是更好地与客户和供应商连接，也更好的性能和更快的响应。
为了实现信息化STLC适当水平必须投资在现代信息技术。
可能的解决方案之一是使用互联网与他的无成本的政策，在过去几年中作为最适当的沟通渠道，高安全性。
对于所有的物流公司则假定为控制全球的客户物流供应链，因此是对成功实施信息化技术，可导致降低库存成本，更好地留住客户，资产管理等相关。