chapter1-2
正版香港朗文版2A试卷(1-2)最新版
二年级朗文英语（2A）Chapter 1—2写出下列中文意思1. ferry B . friend2. A . bus B. but3. A . tram B . train4. A . hit B. sit5. A . live B .like6. A . MTR B. LRT7. A . minibus B . mini book8. A . try B. fry9. A . how B . her10. A . what B. where读下列句子1. A . How old are you ? B . How are you ?2. A . How do you go to school? B . How do you come to school?3. A . I come to school by bus ? B . I come to school by minibus?4. A . Let’s get in this taxi. B . Let’s get into a group.5. A . Where do you live ? B . What do you like ?6. A . I live in Chai Wan. B . I live in Wan Chai.7 . A . Nice to see you . B . Nice to meet you.8 . A . I live in Hong Kong . B . I live on Hong Kong Island9. A . How many pupils come on foot ?B . How many pupils come by MTR?10. A . What’s your telephone number ?B . It is a telephone.用恰当的词填空1. A . I _______ seven. （我七岁了） B. I _______ fine.2. A . Four pupils come______（走路）. B. I ________ on foot.3. A . It is________（在…上面）the shelf. B. I live______ Sha Tin.4. A . They _______（be）cars. B. It ______( be ) a car.5. A . There ______( be ) four . B. They _____( be ) buses.6. A . Nice to see you. B. See you.7. A . _____(它) is blue. B. It _____( be ) a rabbit.8. A . He is _________（eat）. B. I _____（be ）eating.9. A .Yes ,it is . B. No, they aren’t.10. A . They are_____ （在……里面）the box. B. They are ________（仓鼠）.圈出正确的单词1 . Where do you ( ) ?I live ( ) Hong Kong Island.2. ( ) do you( ) to school.3. Ask your ( )（朋友）Le t’s ( ) （加入）into the group .I. Choose and write. ( 根据图片选择正确的单词，写在横线上。
Chapter 1-2 基础
基于TMS320C5416 DSK的DSP实验课程书本书框架结构⏹第一章DSP概述⏹第二章TMS320C5416结构及其开发环境⏹第三章DSP软件开发详解⏹第四章DSP算法实现之一FFT⏹第五章DSP算法实现之二FIR⏹第六章外设和DSK⏹第七章DSP系统设计第一章DSP概述DSP的含义狭义理解可为Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器。
广义理解可为Digital Signal Processing 译为数字信号处理技术。
前者是指用于数字信号处理的可编程微处理器，后者则是指数字信号处理的理论和方法。
DSPDSP的结构特点⏹哈佛结构⏹多总线结构⏹指令系统的流水线（pipeline）操作⏹专用的硬件乘法器⏹特殊的DSP指令⏹快速的指令周期⏹硬件配置强DSP的结构特点⏹哈佛结构⏹多总线结构⏹指令系统的流水线（pipeline）操作⏹专用的硬件乘法器⏹特殊的DSP指令⏹快速的指令周期⏹硬件配置强DSP的结构特点⏹哈佛结构⏹多总线结构⏹指令系统的流水线操作⏹专用的硬件乘法器⏹特殊的DSP指令⏹快速的指令周期⏹硬件配置强指令系统的流水线（DSP的结构特点⏹哈佛结构⏹多总线结构⏹指令系统的流水线（pipeline）操作⏹专用的硬件乘法器⏹特殊的DSP指令⏹快速的指令周期⏹硬件配置强专用的硬件乘法器∑-()()A kB n kDSP的结构特点⏹哈佛结构⏹多总线结构⏹指令系统的流水线（pipeline）操作⏹专用的硬件乘法器⏹特殊的DSP指令⏹快速的指令周期⏹硬件配置强快速的指令周期随着集成电路工艺的发展，DSP广泛的采用微米CMOS制造工艺，其运算速度越来越快。
以TMS320C54x为例，其运算速度可达100MIPS以上。
DSP的结构特点⏹哈佛结构⏹多总线结构⏹指令系统的流水线（pipeline）操作⏹专用的硬件乘法器⏹特殊的DSP指令⏹快速的指令周期⏹硬件配置强硬件配置强新一代的DSP芯片的接口功能越来越强，片内具有串口、主机（HPI）、DMA控制器等等。
二语习得引论-读书笔记-chapter-1-2
一．概论Chapter 1. Introducing SLA1.Second language acquisition (SLA)2.Second language (L2)（也可能是第三四五外语） also commonly called a target language (TL)3.Basic questions:1). What exactly does the L2 learner come to know?2). How does the learner acquire this knowledge?3). Why are some learners more successful than others?4.linguistic; psychological; social.Only one (x) Combine (√)Chapter 2. Foundations of SLAⅠ. The world of second languages1.Multi-; bi-; mono- lingualism1)Multilingualism: the ability to use 2 or more languages.(bilingualism: 2 languages; multilingualism: >2)2)Monolingualism: the ability to use only one language.3)Multilingual competence (Vivian Cook, Multicompetence)Refers to: the compound state of a mind with 2 or more grammars.4)Monolingual competence (Vivian Cook, Monocompetence)Refers to: knowledge of only one language.2.People with multicompetence (a unique combination) ≠ 2 monolingualsWorld demographic shows:3.Acquisition4.The number of L1 and L2 speakers of different languages can only beestimated.1)Linguistic information is often not officially collected.2)Answers to questions seeking linguistic information may not bereliable.3) A lack of agreement on definition of terms and on criteria foridentification.Ⅱ. The nature of language learning1.L1 acquisition1). L1 acquisition was completed before you came to school and thedevelopment normally takes place without any conscious effort.2). Complex grammatical patterns continue to develop through the1) Refers to: Humans are born with an innate capacity to learnlanguage.2) Reasons:♦Children began to learn L1 at the same age and in much the same way.♦…master the basic phonological and grammatical operations in L1 at 5/ 6.♦…can understand and create novel utterances; and are not limited to repeating what they have heard; the utterances they produce are often systematically different from those of the adults around them.♦There is a cut-off age for L1 acquisition.♦L1 acquisition is not simply a facet of general intelligence.3)The natural ability, in terms of innate capacity, is that part oflanguage structure is genetically “given” to every human child.3. The role of social experience1) A necessary condition for acquisition: appropriate socialexperience (including L1 input and interaction) is2) Intentional L1 teaching to children is not necessary and may havelittle effect.3) Sources of L1 input and interaction vary for cultural and socialfactors.4) Children get adequate L1 input and interaction→sources has littleeffect on the rate and sequence of phonological and grammatical development.The regional and social varieties (sources) of the input→pronunciationⅢ. L1 vs. L2 learningⅣ. The logical problem of language learning1.Noam Chomsky:1)innate linguistic knowledge must underlie language acquisition2)Universal Grammar2.The theory of Universal Grammar:Reasons:1)Children’s knowledge of language > what could be learned from theinput.2)Constraints and principles cannot be learned.3)Universal patterns of development cannot be explained bylanguage-specific input.Children often say things that adults do not.♦Children use language in accordance with general universal rules of language though they have not developed the cognitive ability to understand these rules. Not learned from deduction or imitation.♦Patterns of children’s language development are not directly determined by the input they receive.。
麦田守望者 1-2章概括 英文
Summary: Chapter 1Holden Caulfield writes his story from a rest home to which he has been sent for therapy. He refuses to talk about his early life, mentioning only that his brother D.B. is a Hollywood writer. He hints that he is bitter because D. B. has sold out to Hollywood, forsaking a career in serious literature for the wealth and fame of the movies. He then begins to tell the story of his breakdown, beginning with his departure from Pencey Prep, a famous school he attended in Agerstown, Pennsylvania.Holden’s career at Pencey Prep has been marred by his refusal to apply himself, and after failing four of his five subjects—he passed only English—he has been forbidden to return to the school after the fall term. The Saturday before Christmas vacation begins, Holden stands on Thomsen Hill overlooking the football field, where Pencey plays its annual grudge match against Saxon Hall. Holden has no interest in the game and hadn’t planned to watch it at all. He is the manager of the school’s fencing team and is supposed to be in New York for a meet, but he lost the team’s equipment on the subway, forcing everyone to return early.Holden is full of contempt for the prep school, but he looks for a way to “say goodbye” to it. He fondly remembers throwing a football with friends even after it grew dark outside. Holden walks away from the game to go say goodbye to Mr. Spencer, a former history teacher who is very old and ill with the flu. He sprints to Spencer’s house, but since he is a heavy smoker, he has to stop to catch his breath at the main gate. At the door, Spencer’s wife greets Holden warmly, and he goes in to see his teacher.Summary: Chapter 2“Life is a game, boy. Life is a game that one plays according to the rules.”(See Important Quotations Explained)Holden greets Mr. Spencer and his wife in a manner that suggests he is close to them. He is put off by his teacher’s rather decrepit condition but seems otherwise to respect him. In his sickroom, Spencer tries to lecture Holden about his academic failures. He confirms Pencey’s headmaster’s assertion that “[l]ife is a game” and tells Holden that he must learn to play by the rules. Although Spencer clearly feels affection for Holden, he bluntly reminds the boy that he flunked him, and even forces him to listen to the terrible essay he handed in about the ancient Egyptians. Finally, Spencer tries to convince Holden to think about his future. Not wanting to be lectured, Holden interrupts Spencer and leaves, returning to his dorm room before dinner.Analysis: Chapters 1–2Holden Caulfield is the protagonist of The Catcher in the Rye,and the mostimportant function of these early chapters is to establish the basics of his personality. From the beginning of the novel, Holden tells his story in a bitterly cynical voice. He refuses to discuss his early life, he says, because he is bored by “all that David Copperfield kind of crap.” He gives us a hint that something catastrophic has happened in his life, acknowledging that he writes from a rest home to tell about “this madman stuff” that happened to him around the previous Christmas, but he doesn’t yet go into specifics. The particularities of his story are in keeping with his cynicism and his boredom. He has failed out of school, and he leaves Spencer’s house abruptly because he does not enjoy being confronted by his actions.Beneath the surface of Holden’s tone and behavior runs a more idealistic, emotional current. He begins the story of his last day at Pencey Prep by telling how he stood at the top of Thomsen Hill, preparing to leave the school and trying to feel “some kind of a good-by.” He visits Spencer in Chapter 2 even though he failed Spencer’s history class, and he seems to respond to Mrs. Spencer’s kindness. What bothers him the most, in these chapters and throughout the book, is the hypocrisy and ugliness around him, which diminish the innocence and beauty of the external world—the unpleasantness of Spencer’s sickroom, for instance, and his hairless legs sticking out of his pajamas. Salinger thus treats his narrator as more than a mere portrait of a cynical postwar rich kid at an impersonal and pressure-filled boarding school. Even in these early chapters, Holden connects with life on a very idealistic level; he seems to feel its flaws so deeply that he tries to shield himself with a veneer of cynicism. The Catcher in the Rye is in many ways a book about the betrayal of innocence by the modern world; despite his bitter tone, Holden is an innocent searching desperately for a way to connect with the world around him that will not cause him pain. In these early chapters, the reader already begins to sense that Holden is not an entirely reliable narrator and that the reality of his situation is somehow different from the way he describes it. In part this is simply because Holden is a first-person narrator describing his own experiences from his own point of view. Any individual’s point of view, in any novel or story, is necessarily limited. The reader never forgets for a moment who is telling this story, because the tone, grammar, and diction are consistently those of an adolescent—albeit a highly intelligent and expressive one—and every event receives Holden’s distinctive commentary. However, Holden’s narrative contains inconsistencies that make us question what he says. For instance, Holden characterizes Spencer’s behavior throughout as vindictive and mean-spirited, but Spencer’s actions clearly seem to be motivated by concern for Holden’s well-being. Holden seems to be looking for reasons not to listen to Spencer.。
研究生英语多维教程第一册听力原文Chapter 1-2
研究生英语——多维教程——熟谙第一册原文TypescriptChapter 1 Learning to Listen1. Using What You Already KnowExercise 1Student: Excuse me.Counselor: Yes?Student: Do I need to make an appointment to register for an ESL class?Counselor: No, but you first have to take a placement test.Student: A test?Counselor: We need to find out what your ESL level is.Student: Oh, Okay. Where do I go to take the test?Counselor: We will be giving the test tomorrow at 3 o’clock in room 303. Can you come then? Student: Yes.Counselor: Good. Now, let me give you some forms to fill out so we can begin the registration process. Please write your name and address here, and your ID number here.Student: Okay. What do I write under teacher and section?Counselor: You can leave those blan k. We’ll fill it in tomorrow.Exercise 2Student A: I didn’t really understand what Ms. Smith was saying about the id, the superego and the ego.Student B: Oh, that’s easy. Look here on page 53. The id is the part of our personality that wants instant gratification. The ego tries to help the id get what it wants, but in a logical and practical way. The superego is like the personality’s police force. It monitors the id and the ego.Student A: Oh, I think I’m getting it. You mean the id, ego and superego are all part of our personality?Student B: Right. They are all interacting.Student A: Do you think we’ll need to give definitions?Student B: I don’t know. We may just have to match the names with the definitions. But we’d better study this some more just to be safe.2. Scanning for the Main IdeaExercise：A: I can’t believe it’s closed. I’ve got a class from 7 o’clock to 10 o’clock. What am I going to do? B: Well, there are some food machines in the Student Union. You could always go there.A: No way! I tried that once last semester and I got as s ick as a dog. There’s got to be something better.B: Well, we can go down to Main Street. There are a couple of places that I’m sure are open.A: We’d never make it back in time. It’s already 6:40. I think I’ll pass out if I don’t get something.I came her e right from work. I didn’t have time to stop by my apartment.B: I think there’s a stand in front of Smith Hall. You can at least get something warm there.A: Well, I guess we don’t have any other choice.B: Yeah, it’s either the canteen or three hours of listening to your stomach growl.3. Scanning for the Important PointsExercise：●Teacher: Good evening class. Before we begin tonight’s lesson. I want to remind you aboutnext Thursday’s midterm. Remember to review chapters one through eight in the book. You will be responsible for knowing all of the information in the chapters plus all of the other topics we have discussed in class. This test will include multiple choice, True/False, and essay questions. You will not be able to use any books, notes or dictionaries.●Now, last week, I spoke about the importance of using note cards and visual aids to prepareyour speeches. Tonight I’m going to talk about specific things that will help you with your speech delivery. Please take careful notes so you can use those techniques to improve your speech delivery.The first and perhaps the most important element of good speech delivery is eye contact. It is extremely important, especially in the English-speaking world, to make eye contact with your entire audience. This may be very difficult for you if you come from a culture where making direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect. But, you really need to practice this skill until you are comfortable looking directly at all of your audience members when you are speaking to them. Please note that you need to look at the entire audience. Please don’t direct your attention to just one person or one side of the room, and really be sure not to stare into the eyes of anyone for too long of a period.●Next, you need to make sure that when you talk to your audience, you are enthusiastic aboutyour topic and excited to share it with your audience. Vitality is a way of maintaining the audience’s attention and indicating to them that you firmly believe in what you are saying.V olume, intonation, facial expressions, and gestures all add to the vitality of your speech.Think abut a speaker you really liked. Did he or she just stand there and read words from a piece of paper? No, of course not. Probably the speaker was full of life and his or her energy forced you into becoming involved in caring about the topic of the speech.4. Inferencing (Making Intelligent Guesses)Exercise:Dr. Stevens: Ted, can I speak to you a minute?Ted: Yes, Doctor Stevens?Dr. Stevens: I finished reading your essay and before I return it to you, I was hoping you might be able to come in and speak with me about it.Ted: Oh, uh, okay, sure.Dr. Stevens: Can you come during my office hours?Ted: I think so. When are they again?Dr. Stevens: Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3 o’clock until 4:30.Ted: That’s no problem. Oh, wait a minute, I have football practice every day from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock.Dr. Stevens: Hmm. Well, how about if we get together tomorrow right before class?Ted: Sure.5. Scanning for Specific Pieces of InformationExercise:You have reached the Student Union Activity Hotline. The following is a list of information and events for Thursday, September 18.The Student Union is open from 7:00 a.m. until 11:30 p.m. The cafeteria will be serving breakfast from 7 o’clock until 8:30, lunch from 11 o’clock until 1 o’clock, and dinner from 5 o’clock until 7 o’clock, The snack bar will be open from 9:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m.Assembly member Carole Berg will be speaking on the topic: “Parity pay for Women: It’s St ill Not Here.” Assembly woman Berg will speak in the Oak Room from 9 o’clock. Admission is free, and a question/answer period will follow.The Student Council will meet in room 27 from noon until 1:30. Elections will be held for all major offices. All students are welcome.The campus folk dance club meets in the Green Room from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock today. All are welcome to attend; dance experience is not necessary.Bette Milder will be performing live in the Campus Corner Cabaret. The show begins at 8 o’clock. Tickets are available at the Ticket Office. All seats are $7.00.Tonight’s movie, the experimental “Dial Tones,” will be shown in the Union theater at 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. Tickets for both shows are $5.00 and are available at the ticket office.If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the Student Union.6. Using Context CluesExercise 1A: Let’s exchange phone numbers. That way, if one of us is absent, we can call eac h other for the homework assignments.B: That’s a great idea. My number is 555---A: Wait a second, this pen just died. Let me get another one.B: Here, take my pencilA: Thanks. Okay, what was it?Exercise 21. Sentence: H e’s a real stickler.A: Who’s you r history professor?B: I’m in Dr. Leydorf’s class.A: Oh, How is he?B: The class is interesting and I really like him, but he’s a real stickler. If you’re more than fifteen minutes late, he marks you absent, and you have to hand in every assignment on time or he lowers your grade.A: Ooh! He sounds really tough.2. Sentence: you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: How did you do on your composition?B: Oh, you won’t believe it. I hadn’t worked on it very long and I didn’t have time to check it o ver. When the teacher returned it to me with an “A” on it, you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: Wow. That’s great. You must be really smart.B: Or else just lucky.3. Sentence: I’ve got to cram for a test.A: Let’s go to a movie tonight.B: So rry, I’ve got to cram for a test tonight. I haven’t had a chance to study before now.A: Well, how about going to the late show?B: No, I’m going to need a good night’s sleep. I want to make sure that I’m ready for the test.4. Sentence: Let’s get cracking.A: All right. We promised each other we’d get this report done today. Let’s get cracking.B: Aw, it’s such a beautiful day. Can’t we go for a walk and do this later?A: No, we’ll need to return these books to the library by five o’clock. We really have t o do this now.5. Sentence: Fat chance.A: Gee. It’s already a quarter after ten. Maybe Ms. Hughes is absent today.B: Fat chance. She’s never been absent a day in her life. I was in her class last year and she even came in when she had the flu.A: Well I guess she really loves teaching. Oh, here she comes now.7. Using Structure and Intonation CluesUsing StructureExercise 11. I’m taking Biology 101 this semester.2. I’m going to the Student Union at 7:00.3. We’re discussing parapsychological phenomena.4. When are you returning to the computer lab?5. We’re meeting with Dr. Stevens at the end of the lesson.Exercise 21.I am transcribing my sociology notes.2.John is defending his dissertation on Tuesday.3.We are forming a study group on the first day of class.4.I’m applying for financial aid to help pay my tuition and expenses.5.Ms. Wilson is correcting our essays over the weekend.Exercise 31.The professor is coming.2.The professor is coming in a little while.3.The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet on the 17th.4.The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet.5.The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts.6.The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts during Spring Break.Using Intonation CluesExercise1.I really wanted the new David Sedaris book. The professor in my contemporary lit classpraised it all last semester. The bookstore hasn’t been able to get a single copy for the last month. Oh, well. Maybe I can find a copy on .2.I used the new computer registration system to charge my tuition on my credit card, and theytotally messed it up. They were supposed to charge me $500 for the two art classes, and instead, it says that I’m enrolled in three history classes to the tun e of $900. This is ridiculous!3.Today is my graduation day. I am done! Now, I can finally spend my weekends doingsomething other than cramming for exams and writing term papers. Yippee!4.This schedule is baffling. It says that English 90 is offered at both the midtown and downtowncampuses, but the times are vague. Look here; does this nine mean AM or PM? Hmm, I’m stumped.5.Oh yeah. I absolutely recommend professor Ponz. She’s a real dilly, let me tell you. If youenjoy writing endless term papers on meaningless subjects, participating in class activities that have zero relevance to the topic of the course, she’s the teacher for you!Chapter TwoPart Two Main DialogueDenise: Excuse me, miss, how much does it cost to ride BART?Stranger: Well, that depends on your destination. From here to Glen Park it’s only a dollar ten, but if you go as far as Fremont, it costs a lot more.Tom: We’re going to Berkeley. Do you know what the fare is?Stranger: There are two stations in Berkeley. Which one are you interested in?Denise: Oh, gee, I’m not sure. We’re from out of town. We’re visiting my sister. She told me her house is just a stone’s throw from the UC Berkeley campus. Which station is that?Stranger: The downtown Berkeley station is really close to the university. I’m sure that’s the one you want.Denise: Tom, are you going to remember this, or should I be jotting this down?Tom: What is there to write down, Denise? The woman is giving us very simple directions. So, how much is the fare to downtown Berkeley?Strang er: Let’s go take a look at the map over there. You see, the map shows you how much it costs to go from one station to another. Ah, there it is: two dollars and sixty-five cents.Tom: Two sixty-five? That’s highway robbery for such a short distance!Denise: You think that’s expensive? Tom from our house to Amherst it costs twice as much as that. Tom: Yeah, but that’s an hour ride. You really get your money’s worth.Stranger: Yeah…Uh…Well, did your sister explain which train to take?Tom: Berkeley. We take the Berkeley train to Berkeley, right?Stranger: Well, no actually. That’s just one stop on the Richmond line. Here, let me show you on this map. Here we are a t Powell Street in San Francisco, and it’s basically a straight shot on the Richnond line to the downtown Berkeley station.Denise: Yes, my sister said we wouldn’t have to change trains.Stranger: Uh-oh, what time is it?Denise: It’s 8:15.Stranger: You can’t go directly to Berkeley from San Francisco after 8:04.Tom: Uh-oh. Is there another train we can catch?Stranger: Don’t worry. You can take the Pittsburg line. Look here, take the Pittsburg line to the 12th Street Station in Oakland, and then transfer to the Richmond train. The Richmond train willstop in Berkeley. Get off at the downtown station. From there you can walk to your sister’s house. Denise: We want to be there by 9 o’clock. If we have to transfer, we might be late. Do you think we’ll make it in time?Stranger: It doesn’t take that long. Let’s see; there’s a train from here at 8:18. It arrives at the 12th Street Oakland station at 8:34. You can get a Richmond train right away at 8:34, and you’ll arrive in Berkeley at 8:46.Tom: Let’s see if I’ve go t this right: We take the 8:18 Pittsburg train and arrive in Oakland at 8:34. Then we take the 8:34 Richmond train to Berkeley. That should be a snap.Stranger: Yeah, you’ll have no trouble.Tom: Thank you very much for your help, Miss. You’re a very kind young lady.Denise: And so pretty and smart, too! Tell me dear, I notice you’re not wearin g a ring. Stranger: Well, no, uh…Denise; You know, my sister’s son is very handsome. I think you two would like each other…Stranger: Uh, well; oh! I think I hear your train coming! You’d better hurry so you don’t miss it!Part ThreeExercise 3AThe BART system is a modern metro that links thirty-nine stations throughout Northern California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The trains are operated by computers and the BART station platforms have electronic signs that light up with information about trains that will be arriving.Exercise 3C1.How long does it take to get from JFK Boulevard to Town Plaza? That’s JFK Boulevard toTown Plaza.2.What is the fare from Oxford Avenue to College Avenue? That’s Oxford Avenue to CollegeAvenue.3.How much does it cost an dhow long does it take to go from Fifth Street/Florida to GroveStreet? Again, that’s both the fare and time from Fifth Street/Florida to Grove Street.4.How much is a round-trip ticket from 75th Street to Kentucky Street? That’s a round-tripticket from 75th Street to Kentucky.5.How much time does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street? Again, how muchtime does it take to travel from Kansas Street to 20th Street?6.You are at the Alabama Street station. It’s twelve noon and you just got on the train. Wha ttime will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station? Again, it’s twelve noon and you’re going from Alabama Street to Madrid Avenue. What time will you arrive at the Madrid Avenue station?7.What time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal? Again,what time does the 4:07 PM train from Yonkers arrive at Grand Central Terminal?8.What time does the 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers? That’sthe 6:20 AM train from Grand Central Terminal arrive in Yonkers.9.9. How many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until7:53 Pm? Again, how many trains are there from Grand Central Terminal to Yonkers from 4:20PM until 7:53 PM?10.How long is the trip from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal? Again, that’s the time fromYonkers to Grand Central Terminal.11.Which trains from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal do not stop at 125th Street? Again,which trains do no stop at 125th Street going from Yonkers to Grand Central Terminal? 12.Look at your watch. What time is it right now? What time will the next train from GrandCentral Terminal arrive at 125th Street? Again, using the time now, when will the next train from Grand Central Terminal arrive at 125th Street?Part FourExercise 11.Was her flight from New York on time?2.Did you get the rental car information?3.Which bus do I take to go downtown?4.Is Alice meeting us at the train station?5.Why was the man yelling at the stranger?6.Are you going to call the travel agent today?7.How long do we have to wait for the next bus?8.Where are you going after the meeting?9.What did you do with your extra ticket?10.Were you going to go to the airport alone?Exercise 21.What time did the plane arrive?2.How often do you take the bus?3.Did someone meet them at the airport?4.Why didn’t she tell us she would be late?5.Who will pay for the extra ticket?6.Were you at the bus station yesterday?7.How far is it from here to New Jersey?8.Which bus do you think we should take?9.Whose purse was left on the bus?10.Are you meeting your brother at the bus station?Part FiveExercise 11.How much is the fare to Kansas ST.?2.When is the next Yonkers train?3.Does this bus go to City Hall?4.How long does it take to get to Park Lane?5.Which line do I need to take to get to the Macarthur Station?6.Can you tell me how far the trip from Boston to San Diego is?7.What’s the fastest way to get to Grand Central Terminal from here?8.Do you know where the train for Atlanta stops?9.Exercise 21.The 12:20 train to Seattle will leave in two minutes.2.The next train to Yonkers will leave from Grand Central Terminal in ten minutes.3. A round-trip ticket from JFK Boulevard to Kansas St. is $2.90.4.We’re sorry, but the 12:10 train Riverdale will be six minutes late.5.The bus from Los Angles to Burbank leaves every fifteen minutes at that time of the day.6.The next Fremont train will leave from platform number 4 in half an hour.Exercise 31.Question: Where does this person want to go?A: Pardon me, how much does it cost to go to the Jefferson Auditorium?B: That’s $1.80 one way, but you can’t go directly there after 6:00 PM. You’ll have to take a Lenox train at that hour and then transfer to a Hastings train at the Portsmouth station. 2．Question: What time will the next bus for Chicago leave?A: Excuse me, when does the next bus to downtown Chicago leave?B: Let’s see. One just left at 8:00. The schedule says that that bus leaves every fifteen minutes, so…A: Uh-oh;it’s already 8:10. I’d better hurry.B: Ooh, I hope you make it.2.Question: What is the total round-trip fare for the children?A: May I help you?B: Yeah, we’d like to get tickets from Portland to Long beach.A: When are you planning on going?B: We were thinking of going the week of June 15th.A: Gook. That’s far enough in advance to take advantage of our supersaver fares. If you purchase your tickets thirty days in advance, it will only cost $240 round trip.B: $240. That sounds good.A: How many people are in your party?B: There’s my wife and me, plus our two kids.A: Ooh, we have a special discount available for our young travelers. Let’s see, kids under twelve fly for half price and those under three can go for free.B: Well, Evelynne is six and Renee is two.A: Very good. Let me check the computer to see which flights are open the week of the 15th. Exercise 41.It’s really easy to get to school from my house by bus.2.Greenwich is very close to London.3.I take a 20-minute bus ride from home to work every day.4.I leave my house each day at 8 am.5.We’re going to Hawaii for our next vacation.6.According to this, the train to Vancouver will arrive in ten minutes.7.Do I need a Bakerloo or a Victoria train to get to Picadilly Circus?8.How much is a ticket to Baltimore and then back again?9.You need to take a #5 bus to the Berman Station. Then, catch a #12.10.This bus is too crowded between 7am and 9am.。
chapter1-2准同期并列的基本原理
软件开发
在软件开发中，多个团队成员可 以同时进行不同的任务，以提高 开发效率。
建筑工程
在建筑工程项目中，不同的施工 工作可以同时进行，以缩短项目 的时间。
管弦乐团
在音乐表演中，各个乐器的演奏 需要与其他乐器保持准同期并列， 以产生和谐的音乐效果。
准同期并列的优势和限制
准同期并列具有许多优势和一些限制，下面我们将介绍其中的一些。 图片 illustrate 一个人戴着思考的帽子。
1
统一目标
确保所有参与者对准同期并列的目标有清晰的理解，并共同努力实现它们。
2
有效沟通
及时分享信息和意见，保持协同工作的高效性。
3
协调安排
制定明确的时间表和工作计划，协调参与者的行动。
准同期并列使用的注意事项
要确保准同期并列能够顺利进行，需要注意以下要点。 图片 illustrate 三个人站在不同的轨道上。
优势
• 提高工作效率 • 降低工作风险 • 加强团队协作
限制
• 沟通障碍 • 任务冲突 • 依赖他人的时间表
准同期并列的未来发展趋势
准同期并列在不断发展和进化，以下是未来发展的一些趋势。 图片 illustrate 技术发展的趋势。
1 智能化
通过引入人工智能和自动 化技术，进一步提高准同 期并列的效率和可靠性。
第一章-准同期并列的基 本原理
在本章中，我们将介绍准同期并列的基本原理。了解准同期的定义和概述， 以及其在实际应用中的优势和限制。
准同期的定义和概述
准同期是指两个或多个事件、过程或行动在时间上几乎同时进行的情况。它是一种在实际生活和工作中广泛应 用的并列方式。 图片 illustrate 表示两个人在一起工作时。
Chapter 1-2 基础
5
主要内容
1.1 数字化的发展
1.2 DSP芯片技术的特点
56600 56600
Data ROM 20k x 16 PROM 48K x 24
一、数字化对社会和人类的影响
二、DSP的应用举例
三、DSP的市场前景 四、DSP开发工具
43
一、数字化对社会和人类的影响
1. 程控交换机 2. 移动通信系统 3. 手机已不仅仅是通话的工具 4. 数字照相机 5. 高清晰度电视（ 7. 电视台和电台的数字设备 8. 家庭影院
最初
记录
脱机 非实时
12
2.快速傅立叶变换算法（FFT）是数 字信号处理发展史上的一个重要里程碑
现代数字处理 （ Cooley-Tukey 1965年提出FFT ） 将傅立叶变换的时间缩短了几个数量级
指出了数字信号处理快速算法发展方向 为实时处理带来了希望
13
3. DSP统治未来成为必然
大规模集成电路 快速高效算法 实际工作的需要
DSP实验教程 ——基于TMS320C5416 DSK
1
本书框架结构
• 第一章
• 第二章 • 第三章 • 第四章 • 第五章 • 第六章 • 第七章
DSP概述
TMS320C5416结构及其开发环境 DSP软件开发详解 DSP算法实现——FIR DSP算法实现——FFT 外设、中断和DSK DSP系统设计
地址总线
U
深圳牛津英语九年级chapter1-2知识点及练习
Chapter1重点词组1、without hesitation=have no hesitation in doing 毫不犹豫2、★At once=right now=in no time=immediately 立刻3、As a matter of fact =in fact 事实上4、Prefer to do 宁愿做某事5、Glance at 瞥一眼6、★Be at work=be working 在工作7、make eye contact with sb 和某人做眼神交流8、Remind sb of sb 提醒某人某事9、make a good impression on sb 给某人留下好印象10、★smile at sb 对某人微笑laugh at 嘲笑某人11、Walk over to12、reply to sb/sth 回复某人或者某个问题13、be disappointed at sb14、look forward to doing15、★stare at课文知识点1．be at work =be working 正在工作Look up 抬头看，查找字典look 的固定词组look at 看着look for寻找look after照顾look out 小心look out of 从…往外看2．As = when当…时候注意：as 还有很多意思，像，和…一样；因为3．Glance at 憋了一眼4．Walk over to sb 朝某人走过去5．By train= take a train to注意：Go to +地点by air=fly to+地点Go to +地点on foot =walk to +地点6．beside方位介词在…旁边扩：besides except except for的区别7．What‟s up？=what‟ the matter?=what‟s wrong? 发生什么事？8．look 看起来像感官动词后面加形容词扩：系动词分三种：感官动词：look soundBe动词变换动词: turn grow 等9．prefer A to B =like A better than Bprefer doing to doingprefer to do sth than do sth =would rather do sth than do sth10．Ais…，B is ….，too=both A and B….= A is as …as B11．what kind (sort) ofwhat kind (sort) of A is ***，B is ***，too=（both A and B，as ***as）12．Rest 埋挨着；休息have a rest=have a break13．make a good impression on sb14．Make eye contact with15．decide to do=make a decision to do sth16．smile at sb17．without hesitation=have no hesitation in doing18．a few minutes later=moments later19．come over 走过来20．remind sb of sth =help sb remember sthRemind sb to do sthRemind sb that 从句语法：零冠词（名词前面不用冠词）单个专有名词：国名，城市名，人名三餐四季五颜六色前不用冠词球类，棋牌运动游戏前，不用冠词学科前不用冠词（maths，science，PE，physics，chemistry，geography）年，月，日，时，星期，节日前不用冠词（On Children‟s Day，Women‟s Day，Teacher‟s Day）交通工具前面不用by bus，take a bus to sw. walk to=go to sw on foot某些普通名词表示抽象意义的时候，不用冠词Go home；go to school；in hospital，at table复数泛指的时候不用冠词（students，engineers，teachers）固定搭配：at night，at noon，at present，on time，in time，in bed，in trouble，at first…)知识点练习1Dad‟s mobile phone ring and mum made a to tell us to be quiet.A signB gestureC voiceD sound2 The little boy was because his mother didn‟t buy a present for him on Children‟s Day.A satisfiedB excitedC disappointedD glad3The girl her head on her hands and had a nap on her desk.A liedB stoppedC sleptD rested4Many university students do job during their summer and winter holidays.A full –timeB all- timeC part-timeD little –time5After working in the company for ten years .Mr. Johnson becamea manager.A highB juniorC lowD senior6The little boy fail the exam again .He and said ,”I …m stupid “7The girl‟s wonderful performance left a deep on the audience.A signB impressionC markD mind8The door opened, and a woman entered the shop.A well-knownB well-behavedC well –dressedD famous9These days, people like to with other by QQ.A hesitateB contactC speakD understand.10 The first is very important when you apply for a job.A remindB membershipC glanceD impression11Debbie and Simon as a well-dressed lady entered.A looked atB looked afterC look upD looked over12Ms Liu is a guide, she works at .A a job agencyB a travel agencyC a hospitalD a railway station 13I think that the problem might be .A the way he communicatesB his way of contactingC the way to communicateD a way he contacts14 It is said that can give customers a good impression.A similesB laughsC body languageD eyes contact15Every Saturday afternoon ,the girls are in the office .They have .A part time jobs Bat school C at work D in hospital16Sorry, they are not here. They are in the officeA in the schoolB at schoolC at work Din hospital17 Oh, my god ,I don‟t even speak to the customers.A glance atB talk withC get a chance toD goes to18 Y ou often and it seems that you are very tired.A hold your head upB rest your head on your handC glance at someoneD sat up and smiled at them19 How did you know Judy the news?A was disappointed atB agree withC takes good care ofD look forward to20Simon‟s sister came to her birthday.A remember to congratulateB try to glance atC remind him ofD prefer to 21I am employee in European company .A a ,an Ban .an C a, a D an ,a22 That girl looked funny with a pair of .A false teethB false toothC wrong teethD wrong tooth23 Who is the man standing besides ?A manager .He is teaching English.A he; usB him ;usC his ;ourD him ;our24Debbie greeted her and then left .That‟s why our senior employee looked so .A happy; happyB happily; happyC happy happilyD happily; happily25 What did your sister say you?She reminded me her birthday .A for; forB for; ofC to ;toD to ;of解释句子1、W hat‟ wrong with her?2、They prefer Debbie to me .3 、He decided to travel all over the world.4、The man went there at once.5、Y ou can‟t let your parents down.6、What kind of language is that?7、I didn‟t want to eat anything.8、He prefers reading to dancing.9、The girl are at work.10 、I felt like eating nothing..语法练习1 Do you play piano in your free time?No ,I like sport .I often play football.A /;theB the ;/C the ; theD a ; a2 Sandy often takes her dog for walk around the lake after supper .A aB anC theD 不填3I just have cup of milk for breakfast .That‟s not enough .A a ;aB the ;theC a ;/D /;/4 Greens had big dinner last Monday .A the ;/B /; aC /theD the ;a5Can I have look at the photo of your pen friend?A aB anC /D the6Kung Fu panda is popular movie. It‟s really interesting .A theB anC aD /7What would you like for afternoon tea ?Two pieces of bread and cup of coffee, please.A an ;a B/;a C a; the D /;the8I want to go Paris where I can learn French language.A /B a Can D the9 How do you go to work ?I usually take bus .A the ;aB /;aC a; aD the ;/10 Have you seen umbrella here ?Y ou mean black one ?It was here a minute ago.11More college graduates would like to work in west part of our country next year .A the ;theB /;/C /;theD the ;/12It take us hour or more to go to my hometown by train .A an ;aB an ;/C a ;anD a;/13 We can‟t see sun at night .A a ;/B a ;theC the ;/D the ;the14 Y ou‟ve dropped “s” in the word “across”.Oh ,you are right , letter “s” should be doubled like this “across”.A a ;aB an ;aC an ;anD the; the15This is song I‟ve told you about .Isn‟t it beautiful one？A the ;theB a ;aC a ;theD the ;a16People like to see films on TV instead of going to cinema.A the ;theB a ;aC a ;theD the ;a17We saw elephant in the zoo.Elephant was from India.A a ;TheB the ;AnC an ;TheD the ;A18He is university student and he comes from island in England .A an; anB an ;aC a ;anD a ;a19What‟s the matter with you?I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed .A the ;theB a ;theC a ;aD a ;/20Why did you laugh just now ?Ted wanted to tell us very funny story, but he forgot end himself.A a ;anB the ;theC the ;aD a ;the课后作业：在下列横线上填入适当的冠词，不必要填写的用“/”表示。
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投资工具分析
主要投资工具的特征比较
投资工具
债券* 股票 基金 衍生证 券 潜在风险 低 中/高 低/中 很高 潜在收益 低 中/高 低/中 可能高 变现能力 低 良好 良好 低 股息利息 或现金流量 高 低 低 无
注：这里债券为中短期债券，长期债券的特征介于短期债券和股票之间。
美林公司问：你能承受多大风险？
证券交易机制矩阵
连续性市场 报价驱动市场 指令驱动市场 连续竞价市场 连续性市商市场 集合市场 集合竞价市场 集合做市商市场(现实不存在)
第二节 投资工具
在证券市场上，一般由四种投资工具构成： 权益证券（equity securities） 固定收益证券（fixed securities）：国债、企业债 （公司债、金融债）、可转债、市政债券 衍生证券（derivative securities）：期货、期权、 权证，其他衍生品（指数产品：ETF、LOF、指数 期货等） 共同基金（mutual funds）：契约关系
二、固定收益证券
债券是发行人依照法定程序发行，并约定在一定 期限还本付息的有价证券，是证券债权债务关系 的凭证。 债券的四个基本要素：一是债券的票面价值；二 是债券的偿还期限；三是债券的票面利率；四是 债券发行者名称。 债券的分类：发行主体、偿还期限、付息方式等
三、共同基金
共同基金(mutual funds)是在证券投资信托制度下， 由专业的证券投资信托公司发行受益凭证的方式， 募集大众投资人资金，并将资金管理权授予专业 投资管理人进行运作，投资于金融工具。其中， 出资者按出资比例获得投资收益并承担投资风险， 投资管理人则按协议规定获得相应的收益。下图 说明共同基金的基本框架。
中国投资基金份额增长
全球共同基金净值增长
四、交易机制
市场微观结构：成交机制和价格形成机制，证券 市场的组织结构 金融市场微观结构（market microstructure）的最 主要功能：价格发现（price discovery） 交易机制是市场微观结构发挥其功能的基础性工 具
指令驱动方式（Order-driven）：又称竞价方式 报价驱动方式（Quote-driven）：又称做市商方式 集合竞价 连续竞价 各种交易方式在市场透明性、流动性、稳定性等方面 的特征
债券 股票 现金
40 风险放大组合 0 40 风险适中组合 50 10 45 基准证券组合 5 30 增长目的的稳健组合 10 60 获得收入的保守组合 10 30 60 50 60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
制定投资策略
根据投资目标，在证券分析的基础上，选择 与投资者风险承受能力相适应的投资工具或者 证券组合（ portfolio），这一过程称为制定投 资策略（formulating an investment strategy）。
其它 9.0% 美国 33.4%
德国 4.1% 英国 10.5% 日本 33.3%
美国 日本 英国 德国 法国 加拿大 瑞士 意大利 其它
世界债券市场分布
法国 瑞士 2.7% 其他国家 3.2% 3.4%
德国 12.6% 荷兰 5.0% 日本 21.9%
美国 51.1%
其他国家 美国 日本 荷兰 德国 瑞士 法国
投资学
天津外国语大学国际商学院
第一章 导论
现代投资学的发展 投资与投资流程 本书的结构框架
第一节 现代投资学的发展
一、投资学在现代金融学中的地位
现代金融学研究的四大命题：效率市场；风险收益关系；期权定价和无套利均衡；公司金融 投资学的研究重点 投资学的研究方法
投资学与金融市场学、公司金融学一起，构成 了现代金融学的三大基本学科。
导论
投资学基础 证券分析与投资工具 资产组合理论 资本资产定价模型
投 资 学
资本市场均衡理论 因素模型与套利定价理论 效率市场和行为金融理论 权益证券分析 证券分析与估值 固定收益证券分析 金融衍生证券分析 基金投资管理 基金投资与绩效评价 投资绩效评价
第二章 证券市场与投资工具
第一节 证券市场
资金
有价证券
投资者
受益凭证 基金投资收益
共同基金
分散投资
投资工具
共同基金的基本架构
基金类型
按基金的组织形式，可分为公司型基金和契约型 基金。 按基金证券的规模是否变动，可分为封闭式基金 （Closed-end Fund）和开放式基金（Open-end Fund）。 封闭式基金和开放式基金最大的区别，在于变 现的方式不同。对于开放式基金，投资者可以直 接向基金公司按净值赎回基金份额。 按投资对象不同，可分为股票基金、债券基金、 货币市场基金、指数基金等 。 按投资风险与收益的不同，可分为成长型基金、 收入型基金和平衡型基金 。
流通市场：交易市场
（二）按交易组织形式，分为交易所市 场和柜台交易市场（OTC）
交易所市场是以证券交易场所作为流通市场的 核心，其必须根据国家有关的证券法律规定， 有组织地、规范地进行，其交易一般采用持续 双向拍卖的方式，是一种公开竞价的交易。 场外交易市场（over-the-counter market，OTC） 特征、存在的意义 典型代表：美国的纳斯达克市场是全球最著名 的场外交易市场。 买方报价和卖方报价的差额， 就称为价差（bid-ask spread）。
远期 （forward contract） ：远期合约是在将来 特定的时间以特定的价格购买或销售一定资产的 合同。 期货 ：（futures contract） 期权（option） 看涨期权（call option） 看跌期权（put option） 权证(warrant) ：宝钢权证580000 互换：是交易双方签订的在未来某一时期内交换 他们认为具有相等经济价值的现金流的合约。
一、权益证券
权益证券按股东享用权利的不同，可以分为普通 股票和优先股票。 普通股票，也成为股权证券（equities securities） 或股权（equities），代表着公司股份中的所有权 份额。 最大的两个特点：剩余请求权（residual claim） 和有限责任（limited liability）。
二、现代投资学理论体系的发展 CAPM 和APT : 资产定价理论的革命 （1）资本资产定价模型（CAPM） （2）套利定价理论（APT） 期权合约的定价：Black-Schols 模型（期 权定价模型） 证券市场的有效性 行为金融学：对有效市场理论的质疑
第二节 投资与投资流程
对投资业绩进行评估（performance evaluation）。
专栏1：正确认识投资
区别投资、投机和赌博 ① 持有期限 ② 风险大小 ③ 报酬来源 ④ 投资分析重点 ⑤ 所需资料多少 ⑥ 投资者的操作特征
第三节 本书的结构框架
第一部分，投资学基础。 第二部分，资本市场均衡理论。重点探讨资产组合 理论、资本资产定价模型、指数模型和套利定价理 论、和有效市场假说 第三部分，证券市场估值。重点对固定收益证券、 权益证券和衍生证券三大类金融投资工具进行估值 。 第四部分，基金投资与绩效评价。
投资银行 C
投资银行 D
公众投资者
投资银行证券承销流程
关注：新股折价（ underpricing）
新股折价发行 （IPO underpricing） 为何新股折价？ ---赢者诅咒（winner’s curse） ---信号假说（signaling） ---马车效应（the bandwage） ---投资银行垄断（investment bank monopoly） 中国证券市场的新股折价问题
纽约证券交易所 东京证券交易所 欧洲泛欧交易所 纳斯达克市场 伦敦证券交易所 上海证券交易所 香港证券交易所 德国证券交易所 印度孟买证券交易所 印度国家证券交易所 韩国证券交易所 深圳证券交易所 0
单位：万亿元 数据来源：中国证监会。
117.6 32.5 31.7 30.1 28.9 27 19.9 15.8 13.7 12.5 8.4 5.7 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
金融市场上的货币资金运动
间接金融 资 金 金融中介
金 资
资金盈余部门 1.自然人居民 2.工商企业 3.政府部门 4.国外部门
资 金
资金
金融市场
资金
资金短缺部门 1.工商企业 2.政府部门 3.国外部门
直接金融
三、证券市场的分类
（一）按市场职能，分为发行市场和流通市场 “一级市场”（primary market）或“初级市场”： 发行人以筹集资金为目的，按照一定的法律规 定和发行程序，向投资者出售新证券所形成的 市场。 一级市场上的新发（seasoned new issue）和增 发 （ unseasoned new issue ） ， 公 募 （ public placement）和私募（private placement）
一、投资的含义
传统的投资视角：实物投资 现代的投资视角：金融投资 更一般化的视角： 延迟即期消费的行为。
投资学意义上的投资，主要指的家庭或企业部 门的证券投资活动，因此又可以称为证券投资 学。
二、投资流程
投资工具
投 资 目 标
投资策略 监控评价 监控评价
投 资 实 施
设定投资目标
投资过程的首要步骤，就是投资者的投资目标 (objectives)。 投资者应首先应该制定投资策略（investment policy），最好能够写出一个涉及投资对象的详 细的书面文件。 投资策略的内容：有关收益要求和风险承受能 力的具体目标。