Grammar Term语法相关术语
【精品资料】TKT第一模块考点总结-精品资料
TkT—M1考点总结Part 1：What is TKT?Teaching Knowledge Test.英语教学能力证书(TKT) 是剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部（Cambridge ESOL）专为英语教师开发设计的证书考试。
TKT是为母语为非英语国家的中小学或成人英语教师研发的英语教学能力证书，主要测试考生对语言及语言应用基本概念的掌握，以及对教学与学习的背景知识及实践过程的把握。
Part 2：What does TKT involve?TKT包含五个证书：证书1即M1--语言及语言教学背景知识Language and background to languagelearningand teaching证书2即M2--计划制定及教学资源利用Lesson planning and use of resources forlanguage teaching证书3即M3--教学组织与学习过程管理Managing the teaching and learningprocess证书4即M4-- 英语语言知识Knowledge about Language (不在考试范围)证书5即M5-- 学科内容与语言整合教与学Content and Language IntegratedLearning（不在考试范围）考生可以分别参加各个证书的考试，没有先后顺序，TKT每个考试均包含80道选择题，考试时间为80分钟。
M1：语言及语言学习、语言教学背景知识1、主要测试在英语语言教学中用来描述语言、语言应用及语言技能的常用术语及概念。
例如：a) 语言及语言应用：名词，连词，从句，音素，重音，前缀，同义词，邀请，建议，同意。
b) 语言技能：略读，精读，听要点，通过听判断说话者态度，准确度，流利度，写主题句，拟草稿，编辑等。
2、对影响英语学习因素的了解，教师如何根据不同学习者的特性因材施教，同时测试考生对英语学习过程及对教学的影响的了解。
常用英语语法术语表Grammatical-Terms
常用英语语法术语表Grammatical-Terms常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms 1. 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form2.morphology词法notional实词form word虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词parts of speech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classification of nouns名词的分类common noun普通名词proper noun专有名词collective noun集合名词material noun物质名词abstract noun抽象名词countable noun可数名词personal pronoun人称代词possessive pronoun物主代词reflexive pronoun反身代词demonstrative pronoun指示代词interrogative pronoun疑问代词relative pronoun关系代词indefinite pronoun不定代词reciprocal pronoun相互代词case格nominative case主格objective case宾格possessive case所有格singular form单数形式plural form复数形式cardinal numeral基数词ordinal numeral序数词fraction numeral分数数词degrees of comparison比较级positive degree原级comparative degree比较级superlative degree最高级notional verb实义动词modal verb情态动词link verb连系动词auxiliary verb助动词transitive verb及物动词intransitive verb不及物动词regular verb规则动词irregular verb不规则动词finite verb限定动词non-finite verb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principal forms of verbs动词的主要形式present form现在形式past form过去形式participle分词present participle现在分词past participle过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbal noun动名词simple present tense一般现在时simple past tense一般过去时simple future tense一般将来时present continuous tense现在进行时past continuous tense过去进行时future continuous tense将来进行时past perfect tense过去完成时future perfect tense将来完成时present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时future perfect continuous tense将来完成进行时sequence of tenses时态的呼应passive voice被动语态active voice主动语态indicative mood陈述语气imperative mood祈使语气subjunctive mood虚拟语气adverb of time 时间副词adverb of place地点副词adverb of manner方式副词adverb of degree程度副词adverb of frequency频度副词conjunctive adverb连接副词definite article定冠词indefinite article不定冠词coordinating conjunction并列连词subordinating conjunction从属连词syntax句法declarative sentence陈述句imperative sentence祈使句exclamatory sentence感叹句interrogative sentence疑问句general question一般疑问句special question特殊疑问句alternative question选择疑问句disjunctive question反意疑问句simple sentence简单句compound sentence并列句语法术语Grammar Terms 语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。
英语相似词辨析（150）：term,terminology
term，terminology Term是个多义词，当它⽤以表达“术语”之意时，很易和另⼀名词terminology混淆不清。
Term的涵义是“⼀种表⽰特定概念的词语”，⼀般译作“语”、“辞”、“字眼”、“⾔辞”。
例如：grammatical terms（语法⽤语）；technical terms（专门名词）；scientific terms（科技名词）；homespun terms（粗俗的⾔语）；contemptuous terms（轻蔑的⾔辞）；legal terms（法律⽤语）。
例： Is“real estate”a legal term？ “房地产”（或不动产）是法律⽤语吗？ That hooligan abused me in foul terms． 那个⽆赖⽤下流话骂我。
This proposal must be couched in fitting terms． 我们必须⽤适当的措辞来提这个建议。
注：term除作名词之外，尚可⽤作动词。
如： They termed the gas “argon”． 他们把该⽓体命名为“氩”。
His drama might be termed a tragedy． 他这⼀出戏可称为悲剧。
由例句可见，term的这种⽤法，其意相当于name 和call。
Terminology的涵义是考试⼤“某个⾏业内的特殊⽤语”，⼀般译作“术语”或“专门⽤语”。
如：chemical terminology（化学术语）；medical terminology（医学上的⽤语）；the terminology of space science（太空科学的术语）。
terminology有时尚可表⽰“术语学”的涵义。
例： I don't know whether it is a terminology of zoology or not． 我不知道它是不是动物学的专门⽤语。
grammar重点词汇及用法
Unit1 Living with technologyGrammar and Usage1.merely: adv. only 仅仅，只有She is merely a child.I merely looked at the chocolate. I didn’t eat it.This is merely a beginning.Not merely ＾＾but also ＾＾mere a. 仅仅，纯粹2.model：n. A particular design or a type of product.型号,样式The car industry's always producing new models.汽车业总是不断推出新型汽车。
模型a model of an airplane 飞机模型极相似的人或物She is a perfect model of her mother. 她活像她母亲。
模范；典型This student is a model of diligence. 这学生是勤勉的模范。
时装模特儿3.accompany: vt. To be or go with as a companion. 陪伴He accompanied his wife to the hospital. 他陪妻子去了医院He accompanied his friends to the film. 他陪朋友们看电影Lightning usually accompanies thunder. 雷声常伴随闪电而来Mary sang and I accompanied her on the piano. 玛丽唱歌，我用钢琴给她伴奏4.ownership：n. The state or fact of being an owner.Legal right to the possession of a thing.所有权，物主身份private ownership私人[个人]所有制state ownership国家(全民)所有制5.anyhow：adv. In whatever way or manner; however: 无论如何，不管怎样It may rain, but anyhow I shall go out. 天可能要下雨，但无论如何我要出门。
英语二牵涉到的语法Grammer
完成式表示动作发生在胃语动作之前
I am sorry to have kept you
waiting.
She seems to have read the book
before
现在分词完成式主要用于庄语,表示
动作在胃语的动作之前发生.
Having done his homework, the
boy began to watch TV.
被动式不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式的动
作的成受者
It's honor for me to be asked to
speak here.
He wanted the letter to be mailed
at once.
She prefered to be given more
work to do.
但在有些句子中, 如果与句中名词或
代词有主胃关系, 不定式用主动式
He has no one to take care of (He
与 Take care of 有主畏关系)
We will have many difficult to
overcome (We 与 to overcome有主胃
关系)
表示被动的动作, 而且动作正在发
生
The bridge being built there
will be one of the longest in
China,
完成被动式
Having been given such a good
chance, how could she give it
up?
词。
语法术语
• • • • • • • • • • •
affix 词缀；prefix 前缀；suffix 后缀 alternative question 选择疑问句 antecedent 先行词 auxiliary verb／auxiliary 助动词 modal auxiliary 情态助动词 collective noun 集体名词 command 祈使句 complex clause 复杂分句 complex object 复杂宾语 complex sentence 复杂句 compound complex sentence 并列复杂句
• • • • • • • • • • • •
postmodifier 后置修饰语 inversion 倒装 main clause 主句; subordinate clause 从句 main verb 主动词 negative word 否定词 non-finite clause 非限定性从句 noun phrase 名词词组 subject 主语; predicate 谓语; object 宾语 subject complement 主语补语 object complement 宾语补语 subjective case 主格; objective case 宾格 cardinal numeral 基数词; ordinal numeral 序数词
• • • • • • •
special question 特殊疑问句 tag question 附加疑问句 yes-no question 是非问句 subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 absolute construction 独立主格结构 zero article 零冠词 rhetoric 修辞
Grammatical Terms (语法术语)
语法术语 Grammar Terms
语法术语Grammar Terms语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause 同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition 真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence 并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence 并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence 疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question 特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question 修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question 存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence 基本句型basic sentence patern句子成分members of sentences主语subject 谓语predicate 宾语object双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object 间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object 同源宾语cognate object 补语complement主补subject complement 宾补object complement 表语predicative定语attribute 同位语appositive 状语adverbial句法关系syntatic relationship并列coordinate 从属subordination 修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification 后置修饰post-modification限制restriction 双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form规则形式regular form 不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case 所有格possessive case主格nominative case 宾格objective case性gender 阳性masculine 阴性feminine 通性common 中性neuter人称person第一人称first person 第二人称second person 第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense 过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense 一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense 一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense 过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense 将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement 就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis 重复repetition语音pronunciation 语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal 非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English 套语formulistic expression英国英语British English 美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory 幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic。
(完整版)英语语法常用词汇
English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词2. Word building 构词法conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词indefinite pronouns 不定代词5．数词、形容词、冠词cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词the indefinite article 不定冠词6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式the participle 分词the present participle现在分词the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式7．Tense 时态the present tense 一般现在时the past tense 一般过去时the future tense一般将来时the past future tense一般过去将来时the present continuous现在进行时the past continuous 过去进行时the future continuous 将来进行时the past future continuous过去将来进行时the present perfect 现在完成时the past perfect过去完成时the future perfect 将来完成时the past future perfect 过去将来完成时the present perfect continuous现在完成进行时the future perfect continuous 将来完成进行时the past future perfect continuous 过去将来完成进行时8．Voice 语态、Mood 语气the passive voice 被动语态the active voice 主动语态the indicative mood 陈述语气the imperative mood 祈使语气the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气9．Classification of adverbs 副词的分类adverbs of place 地点副词adverbs of time 时间副词adverbs of degree程度副词adverbs of manner 方式副词adverbs of frequency频度副词relative adverbs 关系副词interrogative adverbs 疑问副词conjunctive adverbs连接副词10．Members of the sentence 句子成分the subject 主语the predicate 谓语the predicative 表语the object 宾语the attribute 定语the adverbial 状语the appositive 同位语independent elements 独立成分the direct object 直接宾语the indirect object 间接宾语parenthesis 插入语the double possessive 双重所有格the formal subject/object 形式主语/宾语subject complement 主语补足语object complement 宾语补足语11．Classification of sentences句子的分类declarative sentences 陈述句imperative sentences 祈使句exclamatory sentences感叹句interrogative sentences 疑问句general questions 一般疑问句special questions 特殊疑问句alternative questions选择疑问句disjunctive questions 反意疑问句tap questions 附加疑问句simple sentences 简单句compound sentences 复合句complex sentences 并列句elliptical sentences 省略句phrase 短语preposition phrases 介词短语infinitive phrases 不定式短语the question word 疑问词12．Clauses 从句main clauses 主句subject clauses 主语从句object clauses宾语从句direct speech 直接引语indirect speech 间接引语predicate clauses 谓语从句predicative clauses 表语从句attributive clauses定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 限定性定语从句the antecedent 先行词non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限定性定语从句appositive clauses同位语从句adverbial clauses状语从句adverbial clauses oftime/ place / cause / condition / degree / result / concession / purpose / comparison /manner 时间/地点/原因/条件/程度/结果/让步/目的/比较/方式状语从句sentences of real condition真实条件句sentences of unreal condition 虚拟条件句natural word-order 自然语序inverted word-order 倒装语序full inversion 完全倒装partial inversion 部分倒装ellipsis 省略transformation of sentences 句型转换analysis of sentences 句子分析13. Punctuation 标点符号period/full stop 句号comma 逗号semicolon分号colon 冒号dash 破折号hyphen连字号brackets 括号question mark 问号quotation marks 引号apostrophe 省略号14．The pronunciation of English 英语发音international phonetic国际音标the sounds of English 英语语音vowels 元音pure vowels 单元音diphthongs 双元音semi-vowel 半元音consonants 辅音nasal 鼻音plosive 爆破音fricative磨擦音affricate 破擦音voiced sounds浊音voiceless 清音length mark 长音符号stress 重读main stress 主重读音节secondary stress 次重读音节unstressed 非重读音节rhythm 节奏intonation 语调 a level pitch 平调rising tune 升调falling tune 降调。
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form of an adjective or adverb made with "-er" or "more" that is used to show differences or similarities between two things (not three or more things)
eg: "Could youBRINGmyGLASSESbecause I'veLEFTthem atHOME"
continuous连续的（进行时）
(also called "progressive")
verb form (specifically anaspect) indicating actions that are in progress or continuing over a given time period (can be past, present or future); formed with "BE" + "VERB-ing"
appositive同位语
noun phrasethat re-identifies or describes its neighbouring noun
eg: "Canada,a multicultural country, is recognized by its maple leaf flag."
eg: I walk, you walk, he/she/it walks, we walk, they walk; I walked, you walked, he/she/it walked, we walked, they walked
conjunction连词
word that joins or connects two parts of a sentence
agreement 一致
(also known as "concord")
logical (in a grammatical sense) links between words based ontense,caseornumber
eg: this phone, these phones
antecedent先行词
another term foragreement
conditional条件
structure in English where one action depends on another ("if-then" or "then-if" structure); most common are1st,2nd, and 3rd conditionals
Grammar Terms
A glossary of English grammatical and linguistic terms, with definitions, explanations and example sentences.
Term
Definition
active voice主动语态
one of twovoicesin English; a direct form of expression where the subject performs or "acts" the verb; see alsopassive voice（反义词）
eg: "Many peopleeatrice"
sentence with at least twoindependent clauses; usually joined by a conjunction
eg: "You can have something healthy but you can't have more junk food."
concord 一致
eg: oneapple, threepens, tentrees
dangling participle 垂悬分词
eg: "Ilove this dog", "This dog lovesme", "This ismydog"
causative verb 使役动词
verb that causes things to happen such as "make", "get" and "have"; the subject does not perform the action but is indirectly responsible for it
adjective形容词
part of speechthat typically describes or "modifies" a noun
eg: "It was abigdog."
adjective clause 定语从句
seldom-used term forrelative clause关系从句;I canswim"
base form基础形式
basic form of a verb before conjugation into tenses etc
eg:be,speak
case
form of a pronoun based on its relationship to other words in the sentence; case can besubjective,objectiveorpossessive
noun that is made up of more than one word; can be one word, or hyphenated, or separated by a space
eg: toothbrush, mother-in-law, Christmas Day
compound sentence 并列句
eg:Although we are getting older, we grow more beautiful each day.
affirmative 肯定
statement that expresses (or claims to express) a truth or "yes" meaning; opposite ofnegative（否定）
word, phrase or clause that is replaced by a pronoun (or other substitute) when mentioned subsequently (in the same sentence or later)
eg: "Emilyis nice because she brings me flowers."
bare infinitive 原形
unmarked form of the verb (no indication of tense, mood, person, or aspect) without the particle "to"; typically used after modal auxiliary verbs; see alsoinfinitive
article冠词
determinerthat introduces anoun phraseas definite (the) or indefinite (a/an)
aspect方面
feature of some verb forms that relates to duration or completion of time;verbs can have no aspect (simple), or can havecontinuousor progressive aspect (expressing duration), or haveperfector perfective aspect (expressing completion)
eg:"If I win I will be happy", "I would be happy if I won"
conjugate同源词
to show the different forms of a verb according tovoice,mood,tense,numberandperson; conjugation is quite simple in English compared to many other languages
auxiliary verb助动词
(also called "helping verb")
verb used with themain verbto help indicate something such as tense or voice
eg: Idonot like you. Shehasfinished. Hecanswim.
eg: The sun is hot.
affix 附加词
language unit (morpheme) that occurs before or after (or sometimes within) the root or stem of a word
eg:
un-in unhappy (prefix前缀),-nessin happiness (suffix后缀)
eg:colder,more quickly