第六分册基础练习
高中历史第二单元中国人民解放战争第6课解放战争的胜利练习(含解析)华东师大版第六分册
第6课解放战争的胜利1．解放战争时期，进行三大战役时机成熟的表现有①敌我力量对比发生了有利于我方的变化②战略反攻打乱了敌人的部署，为决战创造了条件③解放区的土改基本完成④国民党主力基本被消灭A．①② B.③④ C．①②③ D．②③④2．以下事件被称为“帝国主义在中国的统治由发展到消灭的转折点”的是A．抗日战争的胜利 B．解放军突进中原C．三大战役的胜利 D．国民政府被推翻3．解放战争时期，解放区实行土地改革的直接原因是A．满足广大农民的土地要求 B．全国性反攻时机成熟C．发动人民支援革命战争D．落后的生产关系阻碍经济发展4．解放战争第二年把战略主攻方向定在中原地区的主要原因是A．全面内战从此处打响 B．国民党军队防守薄弱C．拥护革命的群众基础好 D．控制中原可威胁南京5．下列重大变化中，不是发生在1947年的是A．国共关系由军事上内战到政治上完全破裂 B．人民解放军由战略防御转入战略反攻C．中国共产党的土地政策由减租减息到没收地主土地D．解放区军民由以歼灭敌人有生力量为主要目标到夺取大中城市为主要目标6．解放战争第二年，人民解放军将反攻的主要方向选择在大别山，目的是A．为淮海战役作准备 B．为渡江战役作准备C．对南京和武汉造成直接威胁 D．粉碎国民党的全面进攻7．解放战争时期，流传着“前方打老蒋，后方挖蒋根”的口号。
“后方挖蒋根”是指A．国统区的民主运动 B．民主党派的反蒋斗争C．解放区的土地改革 D．中国共产党在国统区的地下斗争8．陈毅在《记淮海前线见闻》一诗中说，“几十万民工走不通，骏马商车运粮食，随军旋转逐西东，前线争立功”。
出现这种情景的根本原因是A．翻身农民踊跃支援前线B．东北全境解放鼓舞人心C．中国共产党政治宣传的作用 D．解放区实行了土改9．解放战争中，决战时机成熟的标志A．大别山根据地开辟 B．敌军集中兵力重点防守C．土地改革全面完成 D．蒋介石要求和谈10．陈毅在《吟反攻形势》中写道：“……关陕伐孤张天网，辽吉猎虎布火雷。
玉照定真经详解（第六分册）
⽟照定真经详解（第六分册）断法概要1、分三辨五：分三辨五、旺相尊名、死囚休废卑贱分三者，分三主也，天地⼈三才也，辨五者：指年⽉⽇时、胎中有何喜何忧，若旺相为吉，死囚休废为凶忧也。
旺相休囚死皆以时令⽽分，⽉柱即为时令四季（3、6、9、12）⽉，⼟旺、⾦相、⽕休、⽊休、⽔死。
四季旺相休囚死的规律是：当令者为旺（我），我⽣者为相，⽣我者为休，克我者为囚，我克者为死。
2、⼦丑相合：⼦来合丑、宫观闲⼈⼦为帝释之宫，丑为云室之房，⼦合丑者不顺，丑合⼦者顺也。
宫观闲⼈，指僧道路之流，不为官宦，⼜不为农商，所以称为闲⼈。
地⽀六合是⼦与丑合。
年柱地⽀为⼦、⽇柱或时柱地⽀中有丑，为⼦来合丑。
反之，则为丑来合⼦。
丑到⼦乡、复为真吉丑⼈合⼦顺，⼦合丑不顺。
年柱地⽀为丑，⽇柱或时柱地⽀中有⼦，为丑来合⼦，亦称丑到⼦乡。
⼦合丑不顺，丑合⼦顺，顺则为吉。
3、寅亥相合：亥朝寅位、滋养外⼈亥者⽆⽓之⽔，寅者天梁之⽊，亥必奔流，⽊必有根，故亥合寅不顺。
亥朝寅位，是指年柱地⽀为亥，⽇时柱地⽀中有寅。
地⽀六合中寅与亥，亥朝寅不顺，故为滋养外⼈之象。
亥属⽔寅属⽊，⽔⽣⽊，故滋养。
寅⼊天宫，显然之兆。
寅⽊术亥，⽊值⽣吉。
凡寅⽣合亥顺吉也。
天宫指亥位。
亥为天门，亦称天宫。
年柱地⽀这为寅，⽇时柱地⽀中有亥，寅亥相合，⼜亥⽔⽣寅⽊，顺吉也。
4、卯戌相合：天魁到卯、破败⽥⼟戍者天都之⼭，卯者三光之户。
年柱地⽀为戌，⽇时柱地⽀中有卯，卯⽊克戌⼟，下克上为逆，主⽥⼟破败。
⽊⼊天魁、复为吉兆卯合戌顺，戌合卯不顺，户可就⼭之吉。
卯为东⽅⽊，⼜为门户。
戌为天魁。
地⽀六合中卯与戌合。
年柱中有卯，⽇时柱中有戌，卯到戌位相合，主顺吉之象。
5、⾠⾣相合：⾣朝罡上、⾦⼟两和⾣⾦合⾠上两合，和合之象⽿。
罡天罡，⾠为天罡，地⽀六合中，⾠与⾣合。
年柱地⽀为⾣，⽇柱或时柱地⽀中有⾠，为⾣朝罡上，⾦⼟相⽣，和合吉象。
罡到⾦中，和中有讼⼟⼊⾦者，先和⽽后讼也，故⾔后讼之象⽿，四柱地⽀中先⾠后申⾣，为⼟⼊⾦中主先和后讼也。
历史第六分册练习册PPT文档共16页
6、纪律是自由的第一条件。——黑格 尔 7、纪律是集体的面貌，集体的声音， 集体的 动作， 集体的 表情， 集体的 信念。 ——马 卡连柯
8、我们现在必须完全保持党的纪律， 否则一 切都会 陷入污 泥中。 ——马 克思 9、学校没有纪律便如磨坊没有水。— —夸美 纽斯
10、一个人应该：活泼而守纪律，天 真而不 幼稚， 勇敢而 鲁莽， 倔强而 有原则 ，热情 而不冲 动，乐 观而不 盲目。 ——马 克思
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30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
Байду номын сангаас
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27、只有把抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证。——罗曼·罗兰
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28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
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29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
【试题】上海市第六分册14单元练习新题快递
【关键字】试题第六分册（上）测试题（第一---第四单元）一、选择题（30题，每小题2分，共60分）1、七七事变之所以成为全国抗战开始的标志，是因为当时A国民政府正式对日本宣战B中国全民族共同参与抗击日本的侵略C抗日民族统一战线形成D中国军队首次对日作战抗日2、在中国近代史上，日本在中国曾制造过两次大屠杀A大连、南京B大连、旅顺C旅顺、南京D旅顺、上海3、抗战初期，国民政府在正面战场组织了多次会战，其最重要的意义在于A消灭了日军大量有生力量B粉碎了日军速战速决的侵略计划C取得了抗战以来的最大胜利D掌握了抗日战争的主动性4、1935年，中国共产党发表《八一宣言》，呼吁各界同胞、党派和军队捐弃前嫌，抵御外辱，是因为A中共修改了民主革命的纲领B中国需要倾全国力量抗日救国C中国抗日战争已经全面爆发D中共重新认识工农武装割据思想5、西安事变之所以成为国共对峙走向合作的转折点，主要是因为A西安事变得以和平解决B美国扶持蒋介石阴谋实现C国民党放弃了反共的根本立场D国民党被迫接受停止内战，联共抗日主张6、1937年，中国共产党向国民党提出了四项保证，其中有“在全国范围内停止推翻国民政府之武装暴动方针”。
以下表述错误的是A说明社会主要矛盾的变化B说明共产党的坦荡胸怀C国民政府性质已发生变化D团结抗战的需要7、抗战期间，中共处理国共关系的根本着眼点是A坚决反击顽固派进攻B争取中坚力量支持C扩大和巩固统一战线D争取建立民主联合政府8、抗日战争取得最后胜利，其主要原因是A全中华民族的浴血奋战B中日民族矛盾的激化C国共实现第二次合作D英美苏等国的援助9、、“地道战” “地雷战” “鸡毛信” “小兵张嘎”等影片用艺术形象反映了我国哪一时期的情况？A北伐战争B十年内战C抗日战争D解放战争10、人民解放战争初期，面对国民党军队的全面进攻，毛泽东提出了“一切反动派都是纸老虎”的论断。
其主要依据是A人民解放军有强大的战斗力B国民党独裁统治，不得人心C解放区将成为巩固的后方D国民党统治区内人民民主运动高涨11、解决了中国由新民主主义革命向社会主义革命转变的重大问题的会议是A中共二大B中共七大C中共七届二中全会 D 中国人民政治协商会议第一次会议12、抗战胜利后中国出现了一个由民族战争向国内战争过渡的阶段。
模块六基础知识过关训练
模块六基础知识过关训练（Unit 1 ）Ⅰ.单词拼写：1.The p________ of an exhibition was put up on the wall.2.C_________ are theatre plays that make people laugh.3.A good actor or actress can reach a wide a_________(观众).4.You can find a lot of h_________ in this amusing story.5.In China cross-talk shows make people roar with l_________(笑声).6.He came to me with the i_________(意图)of borrowing some money.7.I really a_________ the jokes and fun of clowns.pare western and Chinese comedy shows. What do they have in c_________?9.He observes people’s b______ in everyday life and acts out on stage.10.We have a saying that ten minutes' performance on the s_______ needs ten years' hard work.11. During the rush hours, the buses are always c__________ with passengers.12. He was so angry that he t__________ the letter into pieces.13. He is so creative that he often breaks the r__________. .14. The teachers in our school have a p__________ examination in this hospital once a year.15. Wearing jeans and a sports sweater is not a__________ for a job interview in the government.16. He opened the door in __________ (反应) to a knock.17. You are not __________ (热情的) about his suggestion. He is disappointed about what you have done.18. The injured man has been sent to hospital and is being examined in the_________ room (急诊室) at the moment.19. His parents don’t approve of his marrying a stage __________ (演员).20. He sat in the sofa reading, with his legs __________ (交叉).II .单项选择：1.She is good at getting a chance of _________ her fantasies.A. going outB. giving outC. acting outD. putting out2.I can't say _________ what my plans really are.A. with intentionB. with certaintyC. in comfortD. in tears3.It's wrong to _________ the weak and the disabled.A. drive offB. make fun ofC. act asD. entertain4.---Look!How long ____ like this?---Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain _____ without stopping these days of the year.A. has it rained ; poursB. is it raining ; is pouringC. has it been raining; poursD. does it rain; pours5. Finding her car stolen, __________. .A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help6. Here you are at last! We _________for you for hours.A. are waitingB. have waitedC. have been waitingD. have been waited7. I lost the key to the door. That’s _______ I can’t go into the room.A. whyB. becauseC. forD. how8. Spend your time just on the things you find _______ .A. being worth your whileB. to be worth doingC. them worth doingD. worth being done9. In some parts of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served10. —________ the sports meet might be put off. —Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I’ve been toldB. I’ve toldC. I’m toldD. I told11Look at the timetable(时间表). Hurry up! Flight4026 __________ off at 18:20.A. takesB. tookC. will be takenD. has taken12. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs.A. to listen; to climbB. listening; to climbC. listening; to climbingD. listening; climb13.—__________ leave at the end of this month.—I don’t think you should do that until _________ another job.A. I’m going to; you’d foundB. I’m going to; you’ve foundC. I’ll; you’ll findD. I’ll; you’d find14. He told her an_________ story. There was an _________ expression on her face.A. fun, amusedB. interesting, amusingC. amusing, amusedD. amused, amusing15. The destruction of these treasures was a great loss to mankind that no amount of money could _______.A. make up forB. stand up forC. put up withD. made up ofⅢ完型填空The purpose of a letter of application is to help you to “sell”yourself. It should state ___1___ the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have ___2___. It should be, simple, human, personal and brief without ___3___ out any necessary facts.In writing a letter of application, keep in ___4___ that things a possible employer is most ___5___ to want to know about are your qualification, your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. ___6___ the first few sentences fail to ___7___ the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be ___8___ at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer, not ___9___ your own needs or desires. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your ___10___ in today’s newspaper”, you might say “ I have made a careful ___11___ of your advertising during the past six months”or “I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives ___12___ your product and why they like it.”Try to ___13___ generalities (笼统). Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now ___14___. College graduates looking for their first positions often ask “What can I ___15___ in a letter? Employers want experience—which, naturally, no ___16___ has.” The answer is that everything you have ever done is ___17___.It is important to write a good strong closing remark for your letter.___18___ a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent ___19___ is to enclose (内附) a stamped, self-addressed envelope with your letter. That makes it ___20___ for a possible employer to get in touch with you.1. A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily2. A. found B. done C. known D. heard3. A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking4. A. brain B. sight C. order D. mind5. A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able6. A. While B. Although C. As D. If7. A. pay B. win C. show D. fix8. A. kept B. continued C. written D. read9. A. to B. for C. into D. from10. A. advertisement B. report C. article D. introduction11. A. watch B. search C. study D. discussion12. A. change B. make C. sell D. use13. A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain14. A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting15. A. demand B. supply C. mean D. provide16. A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager17. A. success B. development C. practice D. experience18. A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get19. A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea20. A. happier B. easier C. cheaper D. saferⅣ阅读理解AEver since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion（混淆）over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever.Suda nⅠis a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been struggling to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.Last week Sudan’s Embassy(大使) in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification（澄清）of the origin of the dye’s name.Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan’s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry （问询）was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye."We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week."They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."Sudan dyes, which include Sudan?1 to 4, are red dyes（颜料）used for colouring solvents （溶剂）, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?A. Causing cancer.B. Having side effect.C. Containing poison.D.Poisonous.2. How did the SudanⅠget its name?A. The dye is often produced in Sudan.B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.D. Many foods produced in Sudan contain the dye.3. We can infer from the passage that.A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safetyB. Sudan?1 is often used to be added to the foodC. people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan?1 until 2003D. many food shops will be closed down4. Which of the following is the best title?A. Keep away from Sudan?B. No Sudan?1 dye links to the countryC. How Sudan?1 dye got its name?D. Pay attention to the food safetyBThe Man of Many Secrets —Harry Houdini —was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He was a man famous for his escapes —from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his “magic” tricks.Of course, his secret was not magic or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.Houdini started working in the entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and hisbrother Theo performed card tricks in club in New York. They called themselves the Houdini Brothers. When Harry married in 1894, he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant. But for a long time they were not very successful. Then Harry performed his first prison escape, in Chicago in 1898. Harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison, and he invited the local newspapermen to watch.It was the publicity(宣传) that came from this that started Harry Houdini’s success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape ankle chins. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck — and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, pass quickly from her mouth to his.Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to escape from the local prison of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result? World-wild fame, and a name remembered today.5. According to the passage, Houdini’s success in prison escapes depends on _______.A. his special tricks and supernatural powersB. his unusual ability and a skeleton keyC. his magic tricks and unhuman powersD. his wisdom and magic tricks6. In the fourth paragraph, the underlined word “this”refers to _______.A. his first prison escapeB. the year 1898C. the publicityD. Harry Houdini’s success7. It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous _______.A. in 1894B. before he marriedC. at the age of 17D. when he was about 248. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. A Skeleton KeyB. A Man of Many SecretsC. World-wild FameD. Great EscapeCBeauty has always been regarded as something admirable .Almost everyone thinks that attractive people are happier and healthier; they have better marriages and have more respectable jobs. Personal consultants（顾问）give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive persons. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive thing for a man’s rise, it is harmful to awoman’s .Handsome male executives were considered as having more honesty than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to be the reasons for their success .Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is thought to be more feminine（女性的）and an attractive man more masculine（男性的）than the less attractive ones. Thus , an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractivewoman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine”qualities required.This is true even in politics. Anne Bowman recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates（候选人）.She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women ,in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men , but the woman who had been ranked most attractive always received the fewest votes.9. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ____________ .A. strengthens the feminine qualities requiredB. makes women look more honest and capableC. is of great importance to womenD. often enables women to succeed quickly10. Bowman’s experiment shows that when it c omes to politics, attractiveness _________.A. turns out to be an obstacle to menB. affects men and women alikeC. has as little effect on men as on womenD. is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women11. It can be inferred from the passage th at people’s views on beauty are often ________ .A. practicalB. old-fashionedC. prejudiced（偏见的）D. serious12. The author writes this passage to______________ .A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB. give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveC. demand equal rights for womenD. emphasize the importance of appearanceDDrinking small amount of hard Japanese rice wine apparently never hurt 114-year-old Kamato Hongo. She is now the world’s oldest living person, according to Guinness World Records.“Hongo inherited（继承）the title Monday after the death of the previous record holder, Maud Farris-Luse ,of Coldwater , Mich.,”the record-keeping company said on itswebsite.Farris-Luse was 115 years and 56 days old then.“Hongo, born on Sept .16,1887, was raised on a farm and counts drinking Japanese rice wine among her favorite things ─along with black salt, pork ,sashimi（生鱼片）and green tea,”according to Guinness. “She also likes traditional Japanese dancing.”“The key is not storing up stress,”said her 45-year-old grandson Tsuyoshi K urauchi. “If you do that, you can eat or drink anything.”“Hongo mothered seven children, more than 20 grandchildren, and even outlived her eldest daughter, who died two years ago while in her 90s,”according to Kurauchi, who described Hongo as a “warm, caring grandmother”.She lived in a nursing home in Kagoshima, a city about 615 miles southwest of Tokyo onthe island of Kyushu, which has reputation for record-breaking longevity among its residents.Hongo was born in the nearby town of Isen, home to the late Shigechiyo Izumi, who also held the Guinness record as the world’s oldest person. He died in 1986 at the age of 120.Recently , another Kyushu resident was regarded as the world’s oldest man. Retired silkworm farmer Yukichi Chuganji graduated into the spot on Jan . 4 with the death of his predecessor, Antonio Todde of Italy. Chuganji turns 113 on Saturday.There are an estimated 15,000 Japanese over the age of 100, and women make up about 80 percent of the total.13. The sentence “The key is not storing up stress.”in Paragraph 4 means “ ___________”.A. The most important is to mind everything that has been done.B. The most important is to forget the unpleasant things.C. The most important is to reduce the heavy load of learning and work.D. The most important is to remember what brings you unhappiness.14. Who is considered to be the world’s oldest man alive in the passage?A. Maud Farris-Luse.B. Shigechiyo Izumi.C. Yukichi Chuganji.D. Kamato Hongo.15. The passage mainly talks about ___________________ .A. the fact that women are living longer than menB. something about the Japanese oldest living ladyC. the fact that Kagoshima is famous for longevityD. the secret of living longerⅤ.任务型阅读Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life. They say that it is a jungle out there. To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy. Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas. In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues. We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct. It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary. In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then. But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either. Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite. But I personally think that people should not be too selfish. Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationshipIn conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure. However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.Ⅵ.写作.请以笑为话题写一篇英语文章。
新编英语教程6第三版练习册答案
新编英语教程6第三版练习册答案【篇一：新编英语教程第六册练习册paraphrase答案】nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of light that leaves you a changed person--not only changed, but changed for the better.the most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.2. he came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist.at last he walked over from the other side of the street,wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head coveredby a shapeless felt hat. he looked like a dwarfish old man fullof energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.3. the woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalledbitterly all the marital chances she had let go by.the next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. she still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.4. in the end, if you let it become a habit, it can become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.eventually, if you form a habit of saying “if only”, the phrasecan really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.5. ... you never got out of the past tense. not once did you mention the future.…you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. you did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.6. my, my, said the old man slyly. if only we had come downten seconds sooner, wed have caught that cab, wouldnt we?the old man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “if only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d havecaught the cab.” i laughed and understood what he meant. so i foll owed his advice and said, “next time i’ll run faster”.unit 21. moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver jehovahs edict to pharaoh. moses justified his unwillingness to pass jehovah’s order to pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech”.2. yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.delay leads to problems. however, in many cases, it can often stimulate the creativity in an artist.3. he notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.he points out that hastiness may give rise to decision which turn out to be humiliating or expensive.4. bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal---and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.excessive red-tape(官样文章；繁文缛节) developed because public administration was expanding in scope and because society was growing more and more complicated. in this sense, red-tape helped those in charge of policy to be fully engaged in enormous amount of paperwork and judgment, thus making it impossible for an immature decision to result.5. ...many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.…many of my friends have a hard time the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.unit 31. of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving; but i suspect---i more than suspect, i am convinced---that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.brought up in the old tradition, my father is naturally not prepared to accept the idea of modern architecture; his objection to it, i would assume, indeed i should say i am prettysure, is not a result of his strong dislike of the physical building itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards money.2. if a buildings design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.if a building was made to look sturdy/invulnerable, it would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value, but by their seeming ability to provide a safe location for money.3. in a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control.people in a primitive society, for example, saw the world as an enormous planet full of fear, hatred and disorder.4.the principal function of todays wall is to separate possible undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside.today a wall serves mainly as a physical means to protect the desired atmosphere inside from being disturbed by anything unwelcome outside.5. to repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls.again, the decisive factor that can influence the design of a wall is not the advancement of science and technology, but our ever-changing attitude towards our place in this world.unit 41. he was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.he was a man rich in whimsies, and intolerant of any act bold enough as to challenge his authority. when his mind caught upon something, absurd as it might be, he would do everything to make sure that it was done in the way he wished.2. when every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genialstill, for nothing pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places.when all his subjects behaved in such a manner as they were told to, he could be gentle and kind. and he could even be more so, if anything not conforming to what he expected should occur, because that offered a great chance for him to see the undesirable removed, a thing he was most delighted in doing.3. he could open either door he pleased: he was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.he enjoyed total freedom to choose what to do: he was not directed or influenced by anyone as to which door to open. the only thing that was decisive in terms of his fate was the above-mentioned chance, granted to all the accused alike.4. this element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained.the fact that no one could tell for sure what might happen (to the accused) made this from of trial more attractive than any other form of justice.5. thus the masses were entertained and pleased, and the thinking part of the community could bring no charge of unfairness against this plan; for did not the accused person have the whole matter in his own hands?thus people enjoyed coming here to watch, and those guided by reason in the society could not possibly question the fairness of this form of trial; for was it not the fact that all the accused were given equal chances to make decisions upon their won destiny?unit51. this semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own.this semi-barbaric king had a daughter as exuberant as the wildest of his notions, a daughter who possessed a nature as fierce and tyrannical as his own.2. of course, everybody knew that the deed with which the accused was charged had been done.it was, of course, known to all that he was guilty of the offense of conducting an affair with the princess.3. ...; but the king would not think of allowing any fact of this kind to interfere with the workings of the tribunal, in which he took such great delight and satisfaction.…,even though the king was well aware that the love affair had taken place, he would still refuse to let the normal method of deciding guilt or innocence be disturbed, because he was extremely enthusiastic about his way of setting matters of this kind.4. ...; but gold, and the power of a womans will, had brought the secret to the princess..…; but because she had the money, and above all, because her determination was so irresistible, the princess was able to get access to the secret.5. he understood her nature, and his soul was assured that she would never rest until she had made plain to herself this thing, hidden to all other lookers-on, even to the king.he knew her so well that he was perfectly positive that she would never cease to search for the secret, which remained unknown to all other spectators, even to the king himself.unit 61. there seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine; that they need a varied, exciting life in order to do their best.it is generally believed that a colorless life can freeze a creative mind, and that only a colorful life can inspire a man to creative work.2. the outstanding characteristic of mans creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.one of the wonders human creativity works is that man can make full use of even insignificant feelings to produce far-reaching results.3. an eventful life exhausts rather than stimulates.a life full of diversions stops man’s creativity instead of activating it.4. it is usually the mediocre poets, writers, etc.,who go in search of stimulating events to release their creative flow.only literary artists of an average type rely on excitements in life as a source for their creative work./ great poets, writers, etc., create works of art out of trivial and common subject.5. people who find dull job unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves when at leisure. people who are unable to see how to be patient with repetitious work are usually those who are unable to see where to find fun in life when it comes to relaxation.【篇二：新编英语教程6 练习与答案】txt>practice testsforadvanced english(2)主编张华鸿第五、六册本书的主要特点：1．2．前言编写本书的目的：目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。
历史第六分册知识点整理①
第1课 抗日民族统一战线的建立一、西安事变 B 1、背景：①日本不断侵略中国，中国面临严重的民族危机；②抗日救亡运动的日益高涨；③蒋介石推行“攘外必先安内”的政策，逼张学良、杨虎城剿共。
2、时间：1936年12月3、过程：张学良、杨虎城发动兵谏，扣押了蒋介石,提出停止一切内战等主张.4、结果：周恩来与张学良、杨虎城共同努力，迫使蒋介石做出了“停止剿共，联红抗日”的承诺。
西安事变和平解决。
5、影响：西安事变的和平解决成为时局的转折点，国共十年内战从此结束，为国共两党重新合作，团结抗日起了重大的推动作用。
-P1-1931年制造九一八事变，占领东北全境国 1932年建立伪满洲国 日本帝国主义与 中华民族的矛盾 是主要矛盾 1935年一二九运动（北平） 驱逐日寇 剿共1927——1937年第一次1924——1927年 第二次1937——1945年 亡国 图1-1二、七七事变（卢沟桥事变）B1、时间：1937年7月7日2、地点：北平附近卢沟桥3、意义：标志着中国全民族抗战的开始。
图2-1抗日民族统一战线的形成 C1、号召：1935年8月中共发表《八一宣言》号召各派停止内战、一致对外，建立抗日民族统一战线。
2、确定：1935年12月中共中央在陕北举行瓦窑堡会议，正式确定了建立抗日民族统一战线的战略方针。
材料：当前时局的基本特点是日本帝国主义“正准备并吞全中国，把全中国从各帝国主义的半殖民地变为日本的殖民地”。
3、促成：1936年西安事变和平解决，成为时局转折点，对国共两党再次合作、团结抗日起了重大推动作用。
4、形成：1937年9月蒋介石发表承认共产党合法地位的谈话。
①西北红军改编为国民革命军第八路军；②南方八省的红军游击队改编为国民革命军新编第四军。
5、意义：以国共两党合作为基础的抗日民族统一战线正式形成。
-P2-三、八一三事变和南京大屠杀 B1、淞沪会战：B⑴概况：1937年，日军在上海发动“八一三”事变，进攻上海，淞沪会战爆发。
市北资优六年级分册 第02章 2.1 分数与除法+任科
2.1 分数与除法思考问题1：把1个蛋糕平均分给3人，每人分得多少个？问题2：把3块月饼平均分给4人，每人分得多少块？你们把谁看作单位1？问题1 列式是13÷．从分数的意义上理解13÷，就是把1个蛋糕看成单位“l”，把单位“l”平均分成三份，用分数13表示这样一份的数，1块的13就是13块，从图中可以看出13÷和13都表示阴影部分这一块，它们之间是相等关系．问题2 列式是34÷，计算结果用分数表示，根据题意，我们可以把3块月饼看作单位“1”．把它平均分成4份，每份是多少，你想怎样分？方法一：可以1块1块地分，先把1块月饼平均分成4份，得到4个14．3块月饼共得到12个14，平均分给4个学生，每个学生分得3个14，合在一起是34块月饼．方法二：可以把3块月饼叠在一起，再平均分成4份，拿出其中的一份，拼在一起就得到34块月饼，所以每人分得34块．讨论这两种分法哪种比较简单？34个饼表示什么意思：可以表示把3个饼平均分成4份，表示这样一份的数. 也可以表示把1个饼平均分成4份，表示这样3份的数．现在不看单位名称，再来说说34表示什么意思？表示把单位“1”平均分成4份，表示这样3份的数；还可以表示把3平均分成4份，表示这样一份的数. 归纳分数与除法的关系．(1)观察讨论：观察1133÷=（块）和3344÷=（块）．讨论除法和分数有怎样的关系？可以用分数表示整数除法的商，用除数作分母，被除数作分子，除号相当于分数中的分数线．用文字表示是：被除数÷除数=被除除数数．分数是一种数，除法是一种运算，所以确切地说，分数的分子相当于除法的被除数,分数的分母相当于除法的除数．在被除数÷除数=被除除数数这个算式中，要注意什么问题？（除数不能是零．分数的分母也不能是零）(3)用字母表示分数与除法的关系两个正整数p q、相除，可以用分数pq表示．即pp qq÷=，其中p为分子,q为分母．两个整数相除，商可以用分数表示，反过来，分数也可以看作两个整数相除．分数的分子相当于除法中的被除数，分母相当于除数．例1把8米长的绳子平均分成13段，每段长多少米？每段绳子长是这根绳子长的几分之几？分析求每段绳子的长用除法解．求每段绳子长是这根绳子长的几分之几,是把绳子总长8米看作单位“1”，把它平均分成13份，每份是整体“l”的1 13．解:881313÷=(m)．111313÷=.答：每段长813米，每段绳子长是这根绳子长的113．从本例可以看出，分数具有两个意义：(1)它可以用来表示一个量的大小；(2)它可以用来表示一个量与另一个量之间的关系.例2 某班级共有48名学生，其中男生25名，女生占全班人数的几分之几？解方法一（用除法解）：23 (4825)4848-÷=．答：女生占全班人数的23 48.方法二（直接运用分数的意义解）：把48人看作一个整体, 1人就是这个整体的148．23名女生就是23个148，即2348．从本例可以看出'求部分占整体的几分之几，可以用除法也可以用分数的意义，其关键把整体看作单位“1”．1．把5米长的钢管平均截成8段，每段长是______________米，每段占全长的_______________．（用分数表示）.2. 5厘米是1厘米的______________（填几分之几）；5厘米是1米的 ________________（填几分之几）；25分钟是2小时的_______________ （填几分之几）．3．把一张正方形纸片连续对折三次得到的图形的面积是原正方形面积的________________.4．在数轴上画出分数34,43所对应的点． 32015．在数轴上方空格里填上适当的整数或分数．6．如图，将长方形ABCD 平均分成三个小长方形，再将三个小长方形分别平均分成2份、3份、4份，试问阴影部分面积是长方形ABCD 面积的几分之几？G H FED C B A7．小红用20分钟走了1千米路，平均每分钟走几米？平均每分钟走了全程的几分之几？练习2.1答案1. 51;882.5525;;1100120 3. 184. 略5.2112;1;2;3;33345 6. 597. 平均每分钟走50米，平均每分钟走全程的120.2.1 《分数与除法》练习练习2.1 分数与除法1．判断．(l)把单位“1”平均分成8份，取其中的5份，用58来表示．( )(2)一堆煤，已经烧了27，是把这堆煤看作单位“1”．( )(3)把12个足球平均分给6个班，每班分得的足球数占总数的112．( )(4)4吨的15和1吨的45同样重．( )2．“一箱橘子吃去了34”这是把_______________看做单位“1”，把它平均分成了______________份，吃去的橘子占________________份，由此可以推出剩下这箱橘子的() ()．3．一盒巧克力共有16块，每块巧克力是这盒巧克力的________________，把这盒巧克力平均分给4位同学，每人分得______________块，是这盒巧克力的__________________．4．一个班有男生28人，女生23人，女生人数是男生人数的()()，男生人数是全班的()()．5. 1块烧饼的34，与3块烧饼的()()相等．1千克的35，与3千克的()()一样重．6．把一根4米长的绳子平均分成5段，每段长占全长的__________________，每段长_______________米．7．在括号里填上适当的分数或整数：60千克=_________________吨,357毫升=__________________升, 7890立方分米=____________立方米, 5分米=_______________米, 32角=_______________元,24分钟=___________________小时, 90秒= ________________分钟, 48小时=________________天.8. 请在图中给方格涂色，其中涂色方格占这个大长方形的5 12.9．王强看一本书,6天看完，平均每天看这本书的____________，三天看了这本书的____________________．10．一批货物重80吨，运走17吨．运走了几分之几? 剩下的占总数的几分之几？11.同学们植树50棵，其中成活了49棵．成活的占种植的几分之几？没有成活的占种植的几分之几？练习2.1答案1. （1）√（2）√（3）×（4）√2. 一箱橘子，4，3，1 43.11,4, 1644. 2328，28515. 11 , 456. 14 , 557. 3357891121,,7,,3,,1,2 50100010025528. （答案不唯一）9. 11 , 6210. 1763,8080提示：一共80吨，运走17吨，所以运走这批货物的1780，所以剩下的占总数的6380.11. 491,5050. 提示:49115050-=.。
上海高中历史复习资料第六分册完整版
美元为中心的世界货币体系建立起来，史称“布雷顿森林体系”。 1947 年，在联合国经济及社会理事会的主持下，23 个国家缔结了《关税与贸易总协定》，
第三课抗日战争的胜利
【A】中共七大 时间：1945 年。 地点：延安。 内容： 1 大会中心任务：动员和领导全国人民最后打败日本帝国主义，建立独立自由富 强的新中国； 2 毛泽东作《论联合政府》的政治报告； 3 制定党的政治路线，即“放手发动群众，壮大人民力量，在我党的领导下，打 败日本侵略者，解放全国人民，建立一个新民主主义的中国。”； 4 确定了“中国共产党以马克思列宁主义的理论与中国革命的实践之统一的思想 ——毛泽东思想，作为自己一切工作的指针。”； 5 选举以毛泽东为首的中央领导集体。
内战爆发 标志：1946 年 6 月，国民党军队进攻中原解放区，发动全面内战。 国民党军重点进攻的两个解放区：山东、陕北解放区。
第六课解放战争的胜利
战略转折 标志：1947 年 6 月刘邓大军跃进大别山。
【A】三大战役（大决战，战略决战） 辽沈战役：1948 年 9 月 12 日开始，历时 52 天，歼敌 47 万余人。打锦州，瓮中捉鳖， 关门打狗，解放全东北。东北野战军，林彪、罗荣桓。 淮海战役：中原和华东两大野战军，围而不打，隔而不围，中间突破。 淮海战役（以徐州为中心），规模最大。 刘邓中原野战军：刘伯承、陈毅、粟裕、谭震林；华东野战军；总指挥：邓小平。 意义：淮海战役是解放战争中一次规模最大的决战，基本解放了长江以北的华东和 中原广大地区，国民党统治的中心城市南京、武汉和上海处于风雨飘摇之中。 平津战役（华北，北平天津）东北野战军（林彪、罗荣桓），华北野战军（聂荣臻）。 过程：东北野战军挥师入关，与华北野战军以钳形合击态势发动了平津战役。解放 军依次采取“围而不打”，“隔而不围”，“先打两头，后取中间”的战术。 北平：1949 年 1 月，在共产党的争取之下，北平国民党守军将领傅作义率领军队 接受改编，北平和平解放。
第六分册 第二篇 18胶粘剂有害物质习题集(1)
第六分册第二篇 18胶粘剂有害物质习题集(1)第六分册第二篇18胶粘剂有害物质习题集(1)第六卷建筑节能与环境第二部分室内环境检测18胶粘剂中有害物质练习一、填空题：1.水性胶粘剂挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）限量≤ ___ 游离甲醛限量≤ ____.2.溶剂型胶粘剂挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）限量≤ ___ 游离甲醛限量≤ ___. 3.粘合剂的TDI不得大于。
4.gb18583-2001中将溶剂型胶粘剂分为三类，分别是__________、__________和其他胶胶粘剂5.溶剂型胶粘剂中________胶粘剂有游离甲醛指标要求。
6.溶剂型粘合剂中的各种类型的粘合剂要求有限，所需的指标为。
7.在水基粘合剂中，粘合剂中的游离甲醛没有限制要求。
8.甲醛标准溶液标定浓度时使用的指示剂是1g/100ml的________指示剂1ml，滴定至________________作为终点。
9.《室内装饰装修材料胶粘剂中有害物质限量》gb18583-2001中测定胶粘剂中游离甲醛溶解样品时，应使用水基粘合剂____________________;溶解，应先使用溶剂型粘合剂___。
10.gb18583-2001中测定胶粘剂中游离甲醛含量时，蒸馏和显色的加热条件分别为_______还有。
11.gb18583-2001中甲醛的测定方法适用于游离甲醛含量大于__________室内建筑装饰装修理粘合剂。
12.gb18583-2001中tdi的测定方法适用于游离甲苯二异氰酸酯含量大于___________的室用于室内建筑装饰的粘合剂。
13.gb18583-2001中测定苯采用的定量方法是_________，测定tdi时采用的定量方法是_________。
14.gb18583-2001中胶粘剂中苯测定时使用的溶剂是_____________________，测定甲苯、二甲苯中使用的溶剂为_____;，测定TDI时使用的内标物为____;。
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第1课抗日民族统一战线的建立（1）西安事变：西安事变的时间、发动者；中共确立和平解决西安事变的方针；西安事变和平解决A西安事变的背景及和平解决西安事变的影响。
B1936年月日，、发动“兵谏”，扣押了蒋介石和随行的军政要员，并通电全国提出改组南京政府、停止、立即召开救国会议等八项主张，这就是震惊中外的西安事变。
中共中央以为重，确定了以方式解决西安事变的方针。
西安事变后，应张学良要求，中共中央派遣等赴西安，与张、杨共同努力，经过谈判，迫使蒋介石做出了“”等六项承诺。
西安事变的背景是九一八事变后，中日两国间的民族矛盾上升为主要矛盾。
中共中央确立的战略方针，蒋介石继续推行“”的政策。
西安事变的和平解决，成为时局的，对国共两党再次合作、团结抗日起了巨大的推动作用。
（2）七七事变：卢沟桥事变爆发的时间及其影响A抗日民族统一战线正式形成。
B1937年7月7日，日本军队对发动进攻，中国军队奋起反击，史称“七七事变”。
这一事变标志着的开始。
年9月，蒋介石发表承认共产党合法地位的谈话，以为基础的抗日民族统一战线正式形成。
（3）八一三事变和南京大屠杀：八一三事变；南京沦陷；南京大屠杀A淞沪会战B1937年月日，日军越过两军对峙线，中国守军坚决回击，淞沪会战开始。
1937年11月，日军侵占上海后，分兵三路，西进围攻。
12月13日，南京沦陷。
日军进入南京城后，制造了惨绝人寰的南京大屠杀中国平民和被俘士兵被集体枪杀、焚烧、活埋及用其他方法杀害，达人以上。
第2课正面战场与敌后抗日根据地的开辟（1）平型关大捷和敌后抗日根据地的开辟：主要敌后根据地；抗日战争进入相持阶段的标志。
A平型关大捷B1937年9月，国民政府组织太原会战，八路军一一五师在平型关伏击日军精锐部队板垣师团，歼敌1000余人，击毁汽车100多辆，获得了此后，八路军相继开辟了、晋绥、等抗日根据地，新四军迅速开辟了、皖中等抗日根据地。
1938年10月，武汉保卫战结束。
日军在占领武汉之后，基本停止了对正面战场的大规模的战略进攻，抗日战争进入阶段。
（2）徐州、武汉会战：台儿庄战役B1938年春，日军从南、北夹击军事重镇。
李宗仁指挥60万军队与日军展开了徐州会战。
3月中旬，日军向徐州东北的台儿庄发起猛攻。
中国军队展开了艰苦卓绝的抵抗，毙伤日军1万余人，台儿庄战役是抗战以来中国军队取得的一次胜利。
1938年6月，日军发起以夺取武汉为目标的进攻作战，国民政府将战略防御重点放在武汉外围，以持久消耗日军为目的。
十月，武汉保卫战结束，再次挫败了日军“速战速决”（3）百团大战：百团大战的时间及指挥者A1940年8月，为粉碎日军“囚笼政策”，八路军在指挥下，出动100余团、约20万兵力，对华北日伪军展开以、为主的大规模反击战，史称“百团大战”。
第3课抗日战争的胜利（1）中共七大：中共七大召开的时间、地点及主要内容。
A年4月23日，中共七大在召开。
大会的中心任务是，建立独立、自由、富强的新中国。
大会选出以为首的中央领导集体，使全党在思想上、政治上、组织上达到空前的统一和团结，为中共在毛泽东旗帜下，领导人民夺取抗日战争和新民主主义革命在全国的胜利奠定了基础。
（2）日本投降：日本宣布无条件投降的时间A抗日战争胜利的意义。
B1945年月日，日本天皇裕仁向同盟国宣布日本无条件投降。
抗日战争胜利的意义：1.是1840年以来中国反抗外敌入侵取得完全胜利的民族解放战争；2.捍卫了国家主权和领土；3.弘扬了中华民族的伟大精神，使中国人民空前团结，为中国共产党带领全国人民实现彻底的民族独立和人民解放奠定了基础，成为了中华民族走向复兴的；4.对反法西斯战争产生了巨大的影响，为最终战胜世界法西斯反动势力做出了不可磨灭的历史贡献。
（3）台湾光复：中国政府重新恢复对台湾行使主权的时间A1945年月日，台湾光复。
第4课民主与独裁的较量（1）重庆谈判：重庆谈判的时间、双方代表及主要成果。
A1945年8月，毛泽东等人赴，与国民党谈判。
签署了《政府与中共代表会谈纪要》，即。
（2）内战爆发：内战爆发的标志；国民党军重点进攻的两个解放区。
A1946年6月，国民党军队22万人进攻，内战全面爆发。
对解放区的全面进攻受挫后，国民党军队从1947年3月起改为重点进攻、两个解放区。
第6课解放战争的胜利（1）战略转折：战略反攻开始的标志。
A1947年6月底，刘伯承、邓小平率部强渡黄河，拉开了的序幕。
（2）三大战役B辽沈战役：1948年9月12日林彪、罗荣桓领导东北野战军发起，共52天，全境获得解放。
淮海战役：1948年11月，、陈毅、、粟裕、谭震林领导下率领60余万人，发起淮海战役。
平津战役：1948年月开始，历时64天，基本解放全境。
（3）国民党政权的覆灭：国民党在全国统治结束的标志。
A1949年4月23日，南京解放，宣告的结束。
第7课雅尔塔体制与布雷顿森林体系（1）雅尔塔体制的形成：雅尔塔会议，对雅尔塔体制的评价。
B1945年2月，美苏英三国首脑在苏联南部城市雅尔塔会晤，着重讨论变动、成立、远东事务安排等问题。
雅尔塔体制主张的国家之间实行合作与共处，但是它沿用的惯例，承认并划分大国的势力范围，为满足大国的利益而损害了相关国的权益。
（2）联合国：联合国的成立及宗旨。
A1945年10月24日，正式生效，联合国成立。
联合国的宗旨一般被概括为“”。
（3）布雷顿森林体系：1945年建立的布雷顿森林体系是一个以为中心的世界货币体系；战后的世界经济体系的三大支柱。
A、和关贸总协定，形成了战后世界经济体系的三大支柱。
第8课美苏冷战的开始（1）杜鲁门主义：冷战序幕的拉开及冷战的正式开始的标志A冷战的背景B1946年3月，英国丘吉尔在美国富尔顿发表演讲《和平砥柱》，拉开冷战序幕。
年3月，“杜鲁门主义”提出，成为了美苏冷战正式开始的标志。
（2）两大阵营的形成：马歇尔计划；莫洛托夫计划；北约；华约。
A1947年，美国国务卿马歇尔提出了“欧洲复兴计划”，即“马歇尔计划”，旨在帮助西欧各国迅速恢复经济，使之纳入美国争霸世界的战略轨道中。
年，等12国外长签署《北大西洋公约》，成立北大西洋公约组织，其发展成世界上最大的军事集团，成为美国同苏联争霸世界的重要工具。
1947年，苏联为阻止东欧各国接受“马歇尔计划”，提出“”，由苏联与东欧各国缔结双边经济协定，向东欧各国提供经济援助。
1955年，为对抗北约，苏联等国签订《》，成立华沙条约组织。
第10课大国关系的重组（1）美、欧、日关系的变化：日本成为世界第三大经济大国的时间；世界格局从两极向多极演变A1968年，日本成为仅次于美国和苏联的世界经济大国。
（2）美苏争霸：美苏争霸的重要史实A20世纪50到60年代，美苏互有攻守。
和均以苏联的退让而告终。
20世纪70年代，苏联势力扩张，美国采取战略收缩。
苏联入侵。
20世纪80年代，美国里根政府提出“”，进一步强化军备竞赛，苏联转而全面收缩。
第11课冷战的结束（1）德国统一：雅尔塔体制瓦解的标志。
A1990年10月3日，并入联邦德国，德国最终实现统一，标志着雅尔塔体制的瓦解。
（2）苏联解体：冷战结束的标志。
A年月日，苏联解体，苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟的历史告终，成为冷战结束的标志。
第13课西欧的一体化进程（1）煤钢联营：欧洲一体化的背景及关键B第二次世界大战是欧洲列强国力衰弱，地位下降。
西欧各国不得不寻求联合之路，开起了一体化的进程，其中，法德和解是西欧联合的关键。
1950年，法国外长舒曼提出了的计划，史称“”（2）欧共体：1967年，欧洲煤钢共同体的建立、欧洲经济共同体、欧洲原子能共同体合并为欧洲共同体。
A1951年4月，、、、、、、等六国建立“欧洲煤钢共同体”。
后又建立“欧洲经济共同体”、“欧洲原子能共同体”。
年7月，这三个组织合并，取名“欧洲共同体”，简称“欧共体”。
（3）欧盟与欧元：欧洲联盟正式成立的时间；欧洲统一货币欧元正式启用的时间。
A欧洲一体化的影响B1991年，欧共体政治一体化进程取得历史性突破，个成员国在小城斯特里赫特签署《欧洲联盟条约》，又称《马约》，决定吧“欧共体”更名为“”，各成员国同意把一部分国家主权让渡给欧盟，执行共同的经济、外交和防务政策。
1993年，被所有欧共体成员国批准，欧盟正式成立。
2002年1月1日，欧元正式启用。
到2007年，欧盟扩大为个成员国。
西欧一体化进程促进了，增加了欧洲人“”的意识，在整体上提高了。
第15课经济全球化与全球性问题（1）从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织：世界贸易组织（WTO）开始运作的时间A年1月1日，世界贸易组织正式运作。
第16课新中国的诞生（1）人民政协和《共同纲领》：中华人民共和国成立A中国人民政治协商会议；《共同纲领》；中华人民共和国成立的意义。
B1949年人民政协的召开，标志着中共领导的和正式确立。
政协通过《共同纲领》，是中国各民主阶级、党派、各族人民的政治基础，《共同纲领》具有的性质。
中华人民共和国的成立，结束了的历史，结束了封建主义、官僚资本主义统治中国的历史，结束了、、四分五裂的历史，开始了新纪元。
中华人民共和国的成立，是20世纪世界历史进程最重大的重大事件之一，转达了世界、的力量。
（2）西藏和平解放：西藏和平解放的时间；西藏民主改革A年5月23日，《中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议》（《十七条协议》）在北京签署，西藏和平解放。
1959年，西藏实行了，实现了从社会进入社会主义社会的历史性跨越。
（3）抗美援朝：中国人民志愿军赴朝作战的时间；抗美援朝的结果A抗美援朝战争胜利的意义B年10月，中国人民志愿军赴朝参战。
中朝两国军队经过三年浴血奋战，把以美国为首的“”赶回“三八线”附近。
1953年7月，美国在《》上签字。
抗美援朝战争的胜利，打破了美军不可战胜的神话，空前提高了中国的和威望，维护了亚洲和世界和平，为新中国的和赢得了相对稳定的和平环境。
第17课国民经济的恢复（1）土地改革：土地改革运动B1950年6月，中央人民政府公布实行了，在新解放区开展土地改革运动。
其基本内容是，没收的土地，分配给无地、少地的农民，变地主土地所有制为所有制。
土地改革解放了，使农业生产迅速得到恢复和发展，为国民经济的恢复、和创造了条件，同时巩固了和人民政权，为以后的改造创造了有利的条件。
第18课社会主义制度的建立（1）“一化三改造”过渡时期总路线；三大改造B1953年，党中央制定过渡时期总路线，逐步实现向社会主义的转变。
过渡时期总路线规定，从中华人民共和国成立，到社会主义改在基本完成，这是一个过渡时期。
党在这个时期的总路线和总任务，就是要在一个相当长的时期内，逐步实现国家的，并逐步实现国家对工商业的社会主义改造，简称“一化三改造”。
其本质是所有制的改革，将生产资料私有制，改造为社会主义的全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。