美国文学sonnet to science
(完整word版)美国文学史术语翻译 作家作品(word文档良心出品)
A religious doctrine that advocates hard work, self-discipline, thrift, and sobriety, regards labour as one’s divine task, without the enjoyment of the fruit of the labour. The purpose is to purify the corrupted church as had been established by Jesus Chris himself.John cotton and William rogerRomanticismIs intellectual movement originating in Germany at the end of 18th century that gained strength in Western Europe after the Industrial Revolution, in the reaction to the social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, its scientific rationalization of nature. The romantic values revolved around the full spectrum of the human emotional side embracing its instincts and rejecting the conventions of the Age of Reason.Romanticism的特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption.Transcendentalismas a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.2) they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 3）they believe in the transcendence of "over soul", an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part.Emerson 第一个提出idealism代表人物：Emerson，believed that man was a part of absolute good。
美国文学重要作家作品
一．The Colonial Period （1607-1765）二．二. The Period of enlightenment and the Independence War (1765-1800) (一) Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林1，Poor Richard’s Almanac《格言历书》2，The Autobiography《自传》（二）Thomas Paine 潘恩1，Common Sense《常识》(三) Thomas Jefferson 杰斐逊1，Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》（四）Alexander Hamilton汉密尔顿James Madison麦迪逊John Jay 杰伊1, The Federalist Papers《论联邦》（三人联作）(五）William Hill Brown 威廉.希尔.布朗1，The Power of Sympathy《同情的力量》三．The Romantic Period （1800-1865）（一）Washington Irving 欧文（Romanticism）1，The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷的传说》2，Rip Van Winkle 《瑞普.凡温.克尔》3，The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》（二）James Fenimore Cooper 库伯(Romanticism)1，The Leather-stocking Tales 《皮袜子故事集》（三）William Cullen Bryant 布莱恩特（Romanticism）first 1，To a Waterfowl 《致水鸟》2，The Yellow Violet 《黄色的堇香花》（四）Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生（Transcendentalism）1，The Dial 《日晷》2，Nature 《论自然》3，Self-Reliance 《伦自立》4，The American Scholar《论美国学者》（五）Henry David Thoreau 梭罗（Transcendentalism）1，Walden《沃尔登》2，On the Duty of Civil Disobedience 《论公民的不服从》（六）Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 郎费罗1，The Song of Hiawatha 《海华沙之门》（七）John Greenleaf Whittier 惠蒂埃1，Snow-Bound《大雪封门》（八）Walt Whitman 惠特曼（Romanticism）1, Leaves of Grass《草叶集》（九）Emily Dickinson 狄金森1，The Poetry of Emily Dickinson《狄金森诗集》（十）Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑non-transcendentalism，Gothic novel 1，The Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》2，The Scarlet Letter 《红字》3, The House of the Seven Gables 《带有七个尖角阁的房子》4，The Minister’s Black Veil 《教长的黑纱》5，Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙子布朗》6，The Birthmark《胎记》7，Rappaccini’s Daughter 《拉伯西尼医生的女儿》（十一）Herman Melville 梅尔维尔1，Moby Dick 《白鲸》（十二）Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.爱伦.坡romanticism，English Gothic 1，The Raven 《乌鸦》2，Ligeia《莉盖亚》3，The Fall of the House of User 《厄舍大厦的倒塌》4，William Wilson 《威廉.威尔逊》5, Murders in the Rue Morgue《莫格街谋杀案》6，The Purloined Letter 《被窃的信件》7，The Philosophy of Composition 《创作哲学》8，The Poetic Principle《诗歌原理》9，The Cask of Amontillado 《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》（十三）Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人oppose slavery1，Uncle Tom’s Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》四，The Realistic Period（1865-1918）南北战争-一战爆发（一）Sarah Orne Jewett朱厄特新英格兰local literature 乡土文学1，Deephaven and Other Stories《迪普黑文》2, The Country of Pointed Firs 《尖枞树之乡》（二）Joel Chandler Harris哈里斯southern local literature1，Uncle Remus：His Songs and Sayings《雷默斯大叔：他的歌和话》（三）Kate Chopin 肖邦southern local literature1,The Awakening 《觉醒》（四）Bret Harte哈特western local literature1,The Luck of Roaring Camp 《咆哮营的幸运儿》（五）William Dean Howells 豪威尔斯realism1，Criticism and Fiction 《批评与小说》2，The Rise of Silas Lapman 《赛拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹》（六）Mark Twain 马克吐温1，The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County《卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙》2, The Innocents Abroad 《傻子国外旅行记》3，The Gilded Age 《镀金时代》4，The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆.索耶历险记》5，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里.费恩历险记》6，Following the Equator 《赤道旅行记》7，The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》8，The Mysterious Stranger 《神秘的来客》（七）Henry James詹姆斯世态小说novel of manners1，The Portrait of a Lady 《一位女士的肖像》2，The Wings of the Dove 《鸽翼》3，The Ambassadors 《专使》4，The Golden Bowl《金碗》5，Jolly Corner 《快乐的一角》（八）Stephen Crane 克莱恩1，Maggie；A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦姬》2，The Red Badge of Courage 《红色英勇勋章》（九）Upton Sinclair 辛克莱muckrakers 黑幕揭发者1，The Jungle《屠场》（十）Theodore Dreiser 德莱塞1，Sister Carrie 《嘉莉妹妹》2，Jennie Gerhardt 《珍妮姑娘》3，An American Tragedy 《美国的悲剧》五，The Period of Modernism (1918-1945) 一战后（一）Carl Sandburg 桑德堡1，Chicago Poems 《芝加哥诗集》2，The People，Yes《人民，是的》（二）Hart Crane 克莱恩1，The Bridge 《桥》* 区别Stephen Crane 克莱恩1，Maggie；A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦姬》2，The Red Badge of Courage 《红色英勇勋章》（三）Ezra Pound 庞德imagism意象派1, Selwyn Mauberley 《休.赛尔温.毛伯利》2, The Cantos《诗章》（四）T.S.Eliot 艾略特1，The Waste Land 《荒原》（五）Wallace Stevens 斯蒂文斯1，The Man with the Blue Guitar《带蓝吉他的人》（六）William Carlos Williams 威廉斯imagism 1，Paterson 佩特森（七）Robert Frost 弗洛斯特1，A Boy’s Will 《少年的意志》2，West-Running Brook 《西去的溪流》3，A further Range 《又一片牧场》4，Mending Wall 《修墙》5，After Apple-Picking 《摘苹果之后》6，The Birches 《白桦树》（八）Edward Arlington Robinson 罗宾逊1，The Children of the Night 夜之子（九）Elmer Rice 赖斯1，The Adding Machine《加算器》（十)Clifford Odets 奥德兹1，Waiting for Lefty 《等待老左》（十一）Eugene O’Neill奥尼尔1, Beyond the Horizon 《天边外》first opposing romanticism drama 2，Emperor Jones 《琼斯皇帝》expressionism3，The Hairy Ape 《毛猿》realism+expressionism+symbolism4，The Great God Brown《大神布朗》symbolism5，Strange Interlude《奇异的插曲》stream of consciousness6，Desire Under the Elm《榆树下的欲望》7, The Iceman Cometh 《送冰的人来了》（十二）F.Scott Fitzgerald typical “lost generation”writer 1, The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》2，The Side of Paradise《人间天堂》3，Tender Is the Night 《夜色温柔》（十三）Gertrude Stein斯泰因1，Three Lives 《三个女人的一生》（十四）Edith Wharton华顿realism1，The House of Mirth《快乐之家》2，The Age of Innocence 《天真时代》3，The Barren Ground 《荒芜的土地》*区别T.S.Eliot 艾略特The Waste Land 《荒原》4，The Romantic Comedy Actors《浪漫主义喜剧演员》（十五）Willa Cather 薇拉，凯瑟1，Oh，Pioneers 《哦，拓荒者们》2，My Antonia 《我的安东尼亚》3，A lost Lady《一个沉沦的妇女》4，The Professor’s House《教授的住宅》5，Death Comes to the Archbishop 《死神迎接大主教》（十六）Sinclair Lewis 刘易斯first American Nobel Prize Winner 1，Main Street 《大街》2，Babbitt 《巴比特》（十七）Sherwood Anderson 安德森1，Winesburg，Ohio 《俄亥俄州瓦恩斯堡镇》2，The Egg 《鸡蛋》3，Death in the Woods 《林中之死》（十八）John Dos Passos 多斯.帕索斯1，Three Soldiers 《三个士兵》2，Manhattan Transfer 《曼哈顿中转站》3，U.A.S 《美国》三部曲：（1）The 42nd Parallel 《北纬四十二度》（2）1919 《一九一九年》（3）Big Money《赚大钱》（十九）Ernest Hemingway 厄内斯特，海明威lost generation 1，The Sun Also Rises 《太阳照常升起》2，A Farewell to Arms 《永别了，武器》3，For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》4，The Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》（二十）John Steinbeck 斯坦贝克1，The Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》2，Dubious Battle 《胜负未决的战斗》（二十一）William Faulkner 福克纳1，The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》2，Snopes Trilogy《斯诺普斯》三部曲（1）The Hamlet 《村子》（2）The Town 《小镇》（3）The Mansion 《大宅》3, Light in August 《八月之光》4，Absalom，Absalom！《押沙龙，押沙龙！》5，Go Down，Moses《去吧，摩西》（二十二）Malcolm Cowley考利1，Exile’s Return 《流放者归来》（二十三）Jean Toomer 图默1，Cane 《甘蔗》（二十四）Langston Hughes 休斯1，The Weary Blues《萎靡的布鲁斯》（二十五）Richard Wright 赖特1，Native Son《土生子》2，Uncle Tom’s Children《汤姆大叔的孩子们》* 区别：Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人1，Uncle Tom’s Cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》3，Black Boy：A Record of Children 自传《黑孩子》课文诗歌Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利.沃兹沃思.朗费罗1，I Shot an Arrow 《我射出一支箭》2，A Psalm of Life 《人生颂》Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.爱伦.坡1，Sonnet --To Science《十四行诗致科学》2，To Helen--《致海伦》Walt Whitman 沃尔特.惠特曼1，One’s Self I Sing《我歌唱自我》2，O Captain!My Captain!《噢，船长！我的船长！》Emily Dickinson 埃米莉.狄金森1，To Make a Prairie 《要描绘一片草原……》2，Success Is Counted Sweetest 《最美妙的胜利感觉》3，Nobody！《我是无名之辈》。
爱伦坡-乌鸦-Edgar-Allen-Poe-and-The-Raven
The Philosophy of Composition 《创作原理》 The Poetic Principle 《诗歌原则》
Themes
1. death – predominant theme
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
2. He is the father of psychoanalytic(心理 分析的) criticism.
3. He is the father of the detective story.
The analysis of some
images
in The Raven
The raven and the demon
an evil genius
Emerson: "the jingle man"
Whitman: “its narrow range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (不丰富的选 材和不健康、可怕的质量)
He was understood by critics and other writers in America.
乌鸦诗
秋思 马致远 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥 流水人家。 古道西风瘦马，夕阳 西下，断肠人在天涯。
秋思 白朴 孤村落日残霞,轻烟老 树寒鸦一点飞虹影下, 青山绿水,白草红叶黄 花。
Meaning changing
Actually before Tang dynasty the raven had a meaning of luck and people thought they were prophets, but after Tang the raven has become an ill-omen
Lecture Three
EDGAR ALLAN POE
THE REASON OF AT THE BOTTOM OF THE LIST
1. because he stands alone, representing a category very difficult to class.
2. We want to emphasize Poe’s unique position in the history of American literature.
Its poetry exists in its ingenious creation of sounds. All sounds, vowels and diphthongs for example, and all poetic devices such as alliteration, assonance谐音, and consonance 和音 are brought into full play for the “rhythmical creation of beauty.”
The poet is hindered in his aspirations of wandering and soaring with an undaunted wing to “the jeweled skies” for poetic treasures.
The tension between science on the one hand and art and imagination on the other endows the poem with a unique power and significance. “Sonnet---To Science” is a good indication that Poe was in essence a Renaissance man. He derived in part from Plato the notion that the universe was endowed with myth, and tried to restore it to the primordial unity which the cosmos once possessed.
美国文学2
Washington Irving《柑掌录》（即《见闻札记》[The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon,Gent.1819-1820]）其中收录奠定了欧文在美国文学史上的地位。
其中的散文《威斯敏斯特教堂》、短篇小说《瑞普·凡·温克尔》和《睡谷的传说》等，都是脍炙人口至今不衰之作。
《睡谷的传说》（The legend of the Sleepy Hollow）Ichabod Crane 和Katrina V an Tassel《瑞普．凡．温克尔》（Rip V an Winkle）等32篇《纽约外史》(A History of New Y ork,1809)第一部重要作品美国第一部诙谐文学杰作《布雷斯布里奇田庄》（Brace bridge Hall,1822）《旅人述异》（即《旅客谈》[Tales of a Traveller,1824]）《哥伦布的生平和航行》即《哥伦布传》[The Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus,1828] 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》（V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus,1831）《攻克格拉纳达》（The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada,1829）《大食故宫余载》（即《阿尔罕伯拉》[Tales of the Alhambra,1832]）《阿斯托里亚》（Astoria,1836）《哥尔德斯密斯传》（The Life of Oliver Goldsmith,1840[revised1849]）《穆罕默德及其继承者》（Mahomet and His Successors,1850）《华盛顿传》（The Life of George Washington[5volumes],1855-1859）●James Fenimore CooperPrimary WorksFiction:Precaution,1820;The Spy,1821;The Pioneers, 1823;The Pilot, 1824;Lionel Lincoln,1824;The Last of the Mohicans, 1826;The Prairie, 1827;The Red Rover, 1828;The Wept of Wish-Ton-Wish,1829;The Water Witch,1830;The Bravo,1831;The Heidenmauer,1832 ;The Headsman,1833;The Monikins,1835;Homeward Bound,1838;Home as Found,1838;Mercedes of Castile,1840;The Pathfinder, 1840;The Deerslayer, 1841;The Two Admirals,1842;The Wing-and-Wing,1842;Romance,1843;Ned Myers, 1843;Wyandotte, 1843;Afloat and Ashore,1844;Miles Wallingford: A Sequel to Afloat and Ashore,1844;Satanstoe,1845;The Chain Bearer,1845;The Redskins,1846;The Crater,1847;Jack Tier,1848;Oak Openings, 1849;The Sea Lions,1849;The Ways of the Hour,1850.Non-Fiction:Notions of the Americans: Picked Up by a Travelling Bachelor, 1828;Sketches of Switzerland,1836;Gleanings in Europe,1837;The American Democrat,1838;The History of the Navy of the United States of America,1839.New England T ranscendentalism and Emerson超验主义& 爱默生Transcendentalism was a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century. It is sometimes called American Transcendentalism.超验主义的特色First, the Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe.Oversoul is a unitary power of goodness，omnipresent and omnipotent，from which all things came and of which everyone was a part.Second, the Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them the individual was the most important element of society.Third, the Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of Nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was, to them, not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. Weakness1. The transcendentalist movement had a small membership and only lasted for a few years.2. The transcendentalism was never a systematic philosophy. It borrowed from many sources.3. The failure of transcendentalism as a moral force in American life was its denial of its real spiritual origin.EmersonNature 《论自然》Laying out the problem that he will attempt to solve in the essay, Emerson states that our energy and excitement in creating something new has been lost because we try to understand the world around us by using only theories and histories about nature rather than personally observing it. One solution to this problem involves our casting off impersonal theories or descriptions that distance us from nature and ourselves; afterwards, we can reexamine theactual thing that we are a part of —namely, nature. Direct experience with nature is best because it provides better insight into the contemporary world than does the historian's teachings or the scientist's theories.Emerson's discarding traditional ways of viewing the world indicates the importance that progress will play in the essay. Note that the worm/man relationship in the 1849 epigraphic poem contains verbs — " striving" and "mounts" — that connote the idea of progress. But Emerson also draws attention to the backward steps we too readily think of as progressive. He characterizes these steps as groping "among the dry bones of the past," and he quickly moves from this notion of a stagnant death to one of a revitalized future in which original thoughts reign.In order to help us focus more clearly on nature, Emerson distinguishes nature from art. Art, he says, is natural objects or materials that we alter for our own purposes —for example, a statue or a picture. That said, however, this distinction is relatively inconsequential to Emerson.The introduction ends by defining nature as all that is external to ourselves — all that is "not me," including our own bodies.Theme :The search for truth and beauty and how theses two qualities are relatedThe Poet 《论诗人》The American Scholar 《美国学者》---America’s Declaration of Intellectual IndependenceRepresentative Men 《代表性人物》English Traits 《英国人的特性》The Conduct of Life 《论为人处事》Essays 《散文选》the art of the life 《生活的艺术》《论自助》(Self-Relianc e)、《论超灵》(The Over-Soul)、《论补偿》(Compensation)、《论爱》(Love)、《论友谊》(friendship) 《五月节及其他诗歌》May Day and Other Poems，1867●Nathaniel Hawthorne＊1828: Fanshawe 《范肖》＊1835:Y oung Goodman Brown 《小伙子布朗》＊1836:The Minister's Black V eil 《教长的黑纱》＊1837: Twice-Told Tales 《重讲一遍的故事》＊1844:Rappaccini's Daughter ）《拉伯西尼医生的女儿》＊1846: Mosses from an Old Manse《古宅青苔》＊1850: The Scarlet Letter 《红字》Content ：Noisy crowd→they thougt Hester should be punished for she broke the law of puritanism→she was thought as a baggage→Hester stood exposed on the public scaffold with a baby in her arms →there is a scarlet “A”on her breast.本书写的是一段婚外恋情中三个主要人物的命运。
#9 美国文学史之 AllanPoe
Mark Twain declared his prose to be unreadable
T. S. Eliot: “slipshod writing”
Other Poems 1830: West Point 1832 : his first short story “MS. Found in a Bottle” 1835: editor of The Southern Literary Messenger 1836: married 1847: his wife died 1849: died in Baltimore
first five lines being trochaic octameter(八音步扬抑 格), and the sixth line a trochaic tetrameter (四音步 扬抑格). The rhyming scheme of the poem is abcbbb The repetition of “nevermore”, suggest mourning and grief.
LectureNine
EdgarAllanPoe (1809-1849)
Life Experiences
1809: born in Boston 1826: university of Virginia 1827: his first book of poetry, Tamerlane and
Some American Counterparts on Poe or his Writings
英美文学史
Charlenekoo英国文学史：Beowulf:✧The national epic of the English people.✧Beowulf is the nephew of Hygelac, King of the Geats, a people in Jutland, Denmark.✧The most striking features: the use of alliteration头韵✧Other features are the use of metaphors and of understatements.隐喻/低调陈述Romance传奇故事:✧the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romanceThe Ballads:✧The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.Geoffrey Chaucer:✧The founder of English realism / founder of English poetry, born 1340.✧The father of English poetry / the father of English fiction✧The heroic couplet英雄双韵体✧The Canterbury Tales: prologue(前言)、20个完整的故事、还有四个故事残篇。
✧The Prologue provides a framework for the tales.(前言)✧He is the first great people who wrote on the English language.⏹文艺复兴时期：Thomas More:✧Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and Hyhloday, areturned voyage.—prose散文Christopher Marlowe:✧Three plays:Tamburlaine / The Jew of Malta / Doctor FaustusWilliam Shakespeare：✧One of the founders of Realism in English literature.✧Skilled in many poetic forms✧ A great master of the English language.✧154 sonnets and 2 long poems.✧10 historical plays作品分成三个时期:1st: 1590-1594✧The Comedy of Errors《错误的戏剧》✧The Two Gentlemen of Verona《维罗纳的二绅士》✧The Taming of the Shrew《驯悍记》✧Love ‘s Labor’s Lost《爱的徒劳》✧Romeo and Juliet(earliest great success in tragedy)2nd: 1595-1600 喜剧为主✧Midsummer Night’s Dream / The Merchant of Venice / As You Like It / Twelfth Night✧The Merry Wives of Windsor / Much Ado about Nothing✧ 5 historical plays / Sonnets3rd:1601-1607悲剧为主✧悲剧：Hamlet / Othello/ King Lear / Macbeth / Timon of Athens《雅典的泰门》Othello: shows that noble-minded people may be led astray by evil forces in a evil society and commit heinous mistakes if they cannot distinguish falsehood from truth, and evil from good. It is a tragedy of humanism / it is also a tragedy of the colored people in a society of racial prejudice.✧喜剧：Troilus and Cressida /All is Well That Ends Well《吉人天相》/ Measure for Measure《以牙还牙》✧ 2 Roman tragedies: Antony and Cleopatra / Coriolanus⏹17世纪文学：John Milton:✧ A master of the blank verse/ a great stylist.✧Lycidas《利西达斯》—elegy挽歌✧1665 Paradise Lost—long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse—main idea: a revolt against God’sauthority.✧1671 Paradise Regained—epic✧1671 Samson Agonistes—poetical drama.John Bunyan:✧The Pilgrim’s Process—religious allegory宗教寓言John Donne:✧The founder of Metaphysical School玄学派诗人的创始者✧The Flea《跳蚤》—求爱✧Holy Sonnets《圣十四行诗》✧Seeks out complex rhythms and strange images.George Herbert:✧The saint of the Metaphysical school.✧The Altar《祭坛》⏹18世纪文学：Daniel Defoe:✧The father of English and European novels英国小说之父✧Captain Singleton,1720 / Moll Flanders, 1722✧The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe --–one of the forerunners of the English realisticnovel. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie of the 18th century.鲁滨逊代表了资产阶级，Defoe在书中没有怪责黑人奴隶制。
美国文学爱伦坡,安娜贝尔李
Life experience
A gifted but tormented man, no great author in American literary circles had a more tragic life than Poe.
A miserable childhood: born in Boston, both parents died within three years after his birth, taken into the home of John Allan in Virginia, had an unhappy relationship with his foster father.
An unhappy youth: at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish, an appointment to West Point but was dismissed less than a year later.
Life experience
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy) • Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable. • Whitman: admit Poe’s genius, but it was “its narrow
range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (terrible) • George Bernard Shaw: “the greatest journalistic
• 凡尔纳：“他肯定会有模仿者，有人会试图 超越他，有人会试图发展他的风格，但许 多自以为已经超过他的人其实永远也不可 能与他相提并论。”
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Translation
可是你把月神拖下了天车？ 可是你把山林仙子逐出了林莽， 迫使她去往某颗福星上躲藏？ 可是你从水泽里赶走了温柔的神女， 把小精灵逼出了绿茵，而且还从 凤眼果树下驱散了我夏日的美梦？
sonnet
• Sonnet:A sonnet is a poetic form which originated in Italy, meaning "little song". The conventions associated with the sonnet have however evolved over its history.
• A sonnet consists of fourteen lines, which in the Shakespearean form can be divided into three heroic quatrains and one heroic couplet, where the overall rhyme scheme is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.
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“Hast thou not dragged Diana from her car?”
In Roman mythology, Diana was the hunting goddess, and an emblem of chastity. Here car indicates Diana’s chariot.
Brief Introduction To the Poe
1）He was considered part of the American Romantic Movement.
2）He was one of the earlist American practitioners of the short story, and is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. 3)He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.
Sonnet to Science
Did Poe want to praise science or not?
Summary of the Sonnet
"Sonnet - To Science" is a lament over the dangers of scientific development and its negative implications for poetry and creativity.
他何以爱你——或羡你高妙？ 尽管他能乘风轻扬， 你却总不让他漫游飘荡， 去那布满珍宝的苍宇寻觅。
Sonnet to Science
Hast thou not dragged Diana from her car? And driven the Hamadryad from the wood To seek a shelter in some happier star? Hast thou not torn the Naiad from her flood The Elfin from the green grass, and from me The summer dream beneath the tamarind tree?
Translation
How should he love thee? or how deem thee wise? Who wouldst not leave him in his wandering To seek for treasure in the jewelled skies, Albeit he soared with an undaunted wing?
美国文学经典阅读·作品文本研究PPT Unit 7 Sonnet —To Science
11级英本2班
杜欣 11280090
2014.4.2
Teaching Process
1.Brief Introduction to Edgar Allan Poe
2.The Summary of the Sonnet to orn the Naiad from her flood”
In Greek mythology, the Naiads were a type of nymph who presided over fountains, wells, springs, streams, and brooks. Now instead of the Naiad, nymph of fresh water, being the source of the flood, science can come up with dreary explanations involving weather patterns.
Now science has vanquished the hunt, leaving Diana aimless and lost.
←
“And driven the Hamadryad from the wood To seek a shelter in some happier star?”
rhyme
• • • • • • • art &heart eyes &realities wise &skies wandering &wing car& star wood &flood me &tree 1&3 2&4 5&7 6&8 9&11 10&12 13&14
Sonnet （representatives)
Petrarchan(彼得拉克）
ABBA，ABBA，CDE，CDE ABBA，ABBA，CDC，DCD ABBA，ABBA，CDC，CDC ...
四行诗韵律： 交韵（alternating rhyme scheme）又叫“交叉韵”—— (ABAB)； 抱韵（enclosing rhyme scheme）,又叫“首尾韵”—— (ABBA)； 随韵（running rhyme scheme），又叫“连续韵”——(AABB)； 叠韵（overlap rhyme scheme)，又叫“重叠韵”——（AA)。
Hamadryad: Greek & Roman Mythology -A wood nymph who lives only as long as the tree, of which she is the spirit,lives.
Now with the advent of science, The Hamadryad does not tend to the old forests.
3.The Translation of the Sonnet to Science
4. The Brief Introduction of Sonnet
(January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849)
Edgar Allan Poe
author
poet editor
literary critic
Translation
Science! true daughter of Old Time thou art! Who alterest all things with thy peering eyes. Why preyest thou thus upon the poet's heart, Vulture, whose wings are dull realities? 科学呵！你这时间老人的乖女儿， 你用慧眼的凝视让世界改观。 你这兀鹰！晦暗的现实铸成了你的翼翅， 可为什么要啄食诗人的心灵？
Poe asks why science preys on the poet. Science is peering, destructive and interested only in cold realities. It will not allow the poet to soar in fantasy or even to sit peacefully dreaming beneath a tree.