连淑能《英译汉教程》Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms(专有名词和专门术语译法)
《英译汉教程》(连淑能主编,高等教育出版社)-第10~12章【圣才出品】
第10章Division（拆译法）10.1 复习笔记In division, we have to determine where to divide, how to divide, what the subject or the predicate of the new clause or sentence should be, and how to rearrange various parts of the original sentence. These may involve such techniques as Conversion, Addition and Inversion.拆分时要注意以下问题：在哪里拆分，怎样拆分，新的从句或句子的主语、谓语分别是什么，以及如何重新组织这些部分。
这里涉及到的技巧有转换法、增补法和倒置法。
一、Picking Out of Words（拆译单词）It is advisable to pick out those words which are hard to reproduce in the original structure and expand them into Chinese word groups, clauses or sentences. There are usually three steps to deal with such words:翻译过程中，如果一个单词的意义很难用汉语在原有句法框架下表达出来，就可以把该单词抽取出来，并将其扩展为汉语词组、从句或句子。
具体操作步骤如下：1. Determine which word(s) to pick out;确定需要抽取出来的单词；2. Apply Conversion or Addition, if necessary, to make the translated version smooth and well-connected;必要时运用转换法或增补法，使译文流畅、通顺；3. Rearrange the word order according to the Chinese mode of expression.根据汉语表达习惯，重新组织语序。
翻译课教学法探索_英译汉教程_教学方法提示
翻译课教学法探索)))5英译汉教程6教学方法提示连淑能(厦门大学外文学院,福建厦门 361005)摘 要:高等院校英语专业本科高年级翻译课的主要任务是培养学生的翻译能力。
本文主要强调启发式和以翻译过程为导向的教学法。
以5英译汉教程6为例,文中探索了一些实用的教学法,供教师参考。
关键词:翻译课;教学法;启发式;以翻译过程为导向Abstract:The mai n purpose of teaching translation to senior students of English major at college level i s to develop th eir ability to trans late.Thispaper emphasizes the heuristic method and process O oriented approach to the teaching of translation.Taking A Cou rsebook on E nglish O Chinese T ransla-tion as an example,th e paper explores some practical methods for teachers .reference.Key Words:translation course;teaching method;heuristic method;process O oriented approach中图分类号:H319 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-6038(2007)04-0029-06当代教育改革大力提倡/启发式0的教学法。
5高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲6(2000:13,以下简称5教学大纲6)要求,/课堂教学应以学生为主体、教师为主导,改变过去以教师为中心的教学模式,注重培养学生的学习能力和研究能力。
在教学中要多开展以任务为中心的、形式多样的教学活动。
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】第13章Translation of Long Sentences（长句译法）13.1 复习笔记Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.英语长句的翻译不仅涉及复杂的翻译技巧，还要求对其句法结构和逻辑顺序进⾏细致的分析。
⼀、Features of Long English Sentences（英语长句的特点）English speakers build up long sentences in an “architectural style”. They pay more attention to construct “spatial structure”, often regardless of temporal sequences. It seems to us Chinese that they build basic structures in five patterns, namely, S + V, S + V + P, S + V + O, S + V + o + O, and S + V + O + C as mainstays, with words, phrases, or clauses as members of sentences, then join directly or indirectly, various kinds of nexuses composed of words ,phrases, or clauses as modifiers ,to the mainstays of the basic structures. Here, among other things, English inflection and function words play important roles in connecting various parts grammatically and in showing their relations logically.英语长句是按照“楼房建筑法”组织起来的：主⼲是五种句⼦结构，即主＋谓，主＋系＋表，主＋谓＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋补；枝叶是由词语、词组、从句等组成的各种各样的关系。
连淑能《英译汉教程》配套题库(含考研真题)-Chapter 3~Chapter 4【圣才出品】
Chapter 3 Translation of cultural factors（文化因素的翻译）3.1 Translation of Culture-loaded Expressions（文化词语译法）Ⅰ. Domesticating Translation1. to kill the goose that lays the golden eggs【译文】杀鸡取卵2. kill two birds with one stone【译文】一箭双雕；一举两得3. carrot and stick【译文】软硬兼施；威逼利诱；奖惩并用4. a land of honey and milk【译文】鱼米之乡5. Jack of all trades and master of none【译文】杂而不精的人6. to separate the sheep from the goats【译文】分辨良莠7. to take French leave【译文】不告而别8. to carry coals to Newcastle【译文】多此一举【解析】纽卡斯尔是英国煤炭重镇，故往纽卡斯尔运煤是多此一举。
9. to paint the lily【译文】画蛇添足10. to face the music【译文】临危不惧11. to mind one’s P’s and Q’s【译文】谨言慎行12. to put the cart before the horse【译文】本末倒置13. to laugh off one’s head【译文】笑掉大牙14. as timid as a rabbit【译文】胆小如鼠15. as mute as a fish【译文】噤若寒蝉16. neither fish nor flesh【译文】不伦不类17. six of one and half a dozen of the other【译文】半斤八两18. to spend money like water【译文】挥金如土19. to look for a needle in haystack【译文】大海捞针20. Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 【译文】宁为鸡头，不为凤尾。
英译汉教程连淑能配套练习题库
英译汉教程连淑能配套练习题库|才聪学习网连淑能《英译汉教程》配套题库（含考研真题）目录Chapter 1 Lexical Translation（词法翻译）1.1 Diction（选词法）1.2 Conversion（转换法）1.3 Addition（增补法）1.4 Omission（省略法）1.5 Repetition（重复法）Chapter 2 Syntactical Translation（句法翻译）2.1 Inversion（倒置法）2.2 Negation（反译法）2.3 Division（拆译法）2.4 Condensation（缩译法）2.5 Translation of the Passive（被动句的译法）2.6 Translation of Long Sentences（长句译法）Chapter 3 Translation of cultural factors（文化因素的翻译）3.1 Translation of Culture-loaded Expressions（文化词语译法）3.2 Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms（专有名词和专门术语译法）Chapter 4 Style and Translation（文体与翻译）4.1 Political Writing（政治文体）4.2 Journalistic Writings（新闻报刊文体）4.3 Popular Science Writing（科普文体）4.4 Practical Writing（应用文体）4.5 Literary Style（文学文体）•试看部分内容Chapter 1Lexi cal Transla tion（词法翻译）1.1 Diction（选词法）Ⅰ. Choice of Affective Meanings1. In ou r Se con d Addre ss on the war, fi ve days af te rt h e a d v e n t o f th o s e m e n,w e to l d y o u w h a t th e y w e r e.【译文】在这伙人上台五天以后，我们在关于前次战争的第二篇宣言中已经向你们说明他们究竟是些什么货色了。
chapter 5 addition Microsoft PowerPoint 连淑能《英译汉教程
❖ I. Please give the Chinese or English equivalents for the following terms. (1 point for each, 10 points in all)
❖ II. Fill in the following blanks with proper words. (1 point for each blank, 15 points in all)
❖Addition means supplying necessary words in translation, making the version grammatically correct, semantically clear, rhetorically sound, logically acceptable, and culturally appropriate.
v i
❖ Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.
—The Great Road — the Life and Times of Chu Teh
❖ “美国进步作家和中国人民 的朋友”—郭沫若
❖ 埃德加·斯诺（Edgar Snow 1905~1972）
❖ “中国人民的美国朋友 埃德加·斯诺之墓”—叶 剑英
❖ 《红星照耀中国 》 （《西行漫记》Red Star Over China）
❖ More examples:
《英译汉教程》(连淑能主编,高等教育出版社)-第4~6章【圣才出品】
第4章Conversion（转换法）4.1 复习笔记一、Conversion of Word Classes（转换词类）In translation, a word in one language belonging to a certain word class is not necessarily translated into one of the same class in another language.在翻译过程中，一种语言的某一词类不一定要相应地译为另一语言中相应的词类，有时候进行适当转化是十分必要的。
1. Conversion from English Nouns and Adjectives into Chinese Verbs and Adverbs（英语名词、形容词转换为汉语动词、副词）Nouns or nominal dorms, especially action nouns and other abstract nouns, find their wider use in English while verbs or multi-verbal forms are much preferred in Chinese. In translation, therefore, the conversion of English nouns into Chinese verbs, and subsequently English adjectives into Chinese adverbs, becomes one of the techniques frequently employed for smooth representation in idiomatic Chinese.英语中多用名词或名词短语，尤其是动作名词和其他抽象名词，而汉语中多用动词，甚至多个动词连用的情况。
chapter 1 general principles 连淑能《英译汉教程》(课堂PPT)
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❖翻译是把第一种语言（源语）语篇 所表达的东西用第二种语言（目的 语）重新表达出来，尽量保持语义 与文体方面的等值。
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❖ Translation may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language (the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (the target language).
Chapter 1 General Principles
❖ The Definitions of Translation
❖ The Categories of Trቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱnslation
❖ The Assessment of Translation
❖ The Competence of A Translator
❖ Translation Strategies
❖ Translation Processes
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❖ 译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。 ——唐·贾公彦：《义疏》
❖ 把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语 言表达出来的活动。
——《中国大百科全书·语言文字卷》
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❖ 翻译的实质是语际的意义转换。 ——刘宓庆
—Nida ＆ Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation
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❖ 翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语的信息 最切近的自然对等物，首先是就意义而 言，其次是就文体而言。 ——奈达
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第15章Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms（专有名词和专门术语译法）15.1 复习笔记English proper nouns include names of persons, places, organizations ,newspapers, periodicals, radios, news agencies, books, films, etc. English technical terms include, broadly speaking, special words or expressions for things and ideas used in any branch of science and technology.英语专有名词包括人名、地名、组织名、报纸名、期刊名、广播台名、通讯社名、书名、电影名等等。
英语专有术语主要包括在技术科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域广泛运用的特殊词汇或特殊表达。
Many troubles arise in translating proper names and technical terms. Great confusion may come from.在翻译专有名词和专有术语的时候会遇到一些棘手的问题，这些问题主要来源于：1. Transliteration of proper names from English spelling or pronunciation;对英语专有名词的发音直接进行音译；2. Variation in the spoken sound of Chinese characters used in translated names;汉语中部分汉字的发音有地域区别；3. Large number of homonyms, homophones and homographs in Chinese;汉语中有大量同音字、多音字和同形字；4. Mixed use of old and new translated names.新译法和旧译法的混合使用。
一、Transliteration（音译）Proper nouns such as the names of persons and places of foreign countries are, as a rule , to be transliterated, i.e., to be translated by using Chinese characters to represent the sound in articulating these names.通常情况下，外国的人名、地名等专有名词都采用音译的方法，即运用汉字的发音来代替原发音。
1. Follow the Original Pronunciation of Proper Names（名从主人）Generally speaking, proper names should be transliterated directly from their original languages. this explains why some proper names are not transliterated from their English pronunciation. For example:一般说来，专有名词应该根据原语言的发音来进行音译，所以有些词并不是根据其英文发音，而是根据其原发音来音译的。
例如：Paris (French) 巴黎(not transliterated from English as “帕里斯”)Rome (Italian: Roma) 罗马(not transliterated from English as “罗姆”)Germany (German: Deutsch) 德意志(not “哲默尼”as from English)Some proper names, however, are transliterated from their English pronunciations. For example:但是，还有些词是根据其英文发音来音译的。
例如：Moscow 莫斯科(not from Russian “Moskva”)Warsaw 华沙(not from Polish “Warszawa”)Prague 布拉格(not from Czechoslovakian “Praha”)Many Japanese names are transliterated into English according to the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese characters and are therefore quite different from what they ought to be in our pronunciation. In translation, Chinese characters “borrowed”by the Japanese should be “returned”to their original owner—Chinese.许多日文名词是根据日文汉字的发音被音译成英文的，因而英文发音就不同于这些汉字本应有的汉语发音。
在将其译成中文时，要将这些被日语借用的汉字的发音还原为汉语发音。
Tokyo 东京Nagasaki 长崎Yokohama 横滨Hatoyama 鸠山Hiroshima 广岛Emiko 惠美子The Chinese names of persons and places translated into English before January 1st, 1979 according to the Wade system, local dialects, or something else should be transliterated in line with the rules announced by China’s State Council. Translations like the following are not in use, though they sometimes can be foundin foot-notes or foreign publications.在1979年1月1日之前，采用威妥玛式拼法、本地方言或其他方式翻译的中国人名、地名，应严格根据国务院颁布的条例做出修正。
以下几种译法虽然有时会出现在脚注或外文出版物中，但它们是不能通用的。
北京Peking厦门Amoy汕头Swatow烟台Chefoo沈阳Mukden张家口Kalgan哈尔滨Harbin广州Canton大连Dairen旅顺Port Arthur日喀则Shigatse松花江Sungari R.金门Quemoy马祖Matsu佛山Fatshan黄浦江Whangpoo R.珠穆朗玛峰Mount Everest罗布泊Lop Nor/Lob Nor南沙群岛Spratly Is.西沙群岛Paracels Is.2. Use the Standard Pronunciation of the Chinese Character（运用汉字的标准读音）Due to the lack of many foreign sounds in Chinese, and the variation in the pronunciation of the Chinese character causing confusion, the remedy is to fix certain Chinese character(s) for a certain syllable of foreign names. This work has been done by the Xinhua News Agency, whose Table on E-C Transliteration is shown in Appendix.在将外文名字译成汉字时，存在一个困难，即很多外语发音缺少对应的汉语发音，而且汉语发音存在地域差异。
解决这一问题的方法是：选定某（几）个汉字来对应外语的一个音节。
新华社已经总结出一套英汉对应的译音[英汉译音表（Table on E-C Transliteration）），收录在附录中]。
In using or choosing Chinese characters for foreign names, the following seven rules should be observed:在选择与英文名字对应的汉字时，要注意以下几个方面：（1）Avoid making transliterated name too long, This may be done by omitting some unclear or unimportant sounds;不要把名字译得太长，可以适当省略不清楚或不重要的发音；Roosevelt 罗斯福（not罗斯福尔特）Engels 恩格斯（not恩格尔斯）Elizabeth 伊丽莎白（not伊丽莎白丝）Portland 波特兰（not波特兰德）Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂（not塞拉勒窝内，jokingly as“塞到鸡窝内”）（2）Avoid the use of rare, obsolete and abstruse characters;忌用罕见古奥汉字，应用“特”而不用“忒”，用“伊”而不用“彝”，等等；（3）Avoid the characters that may be misunderstood in the context忌用容易造成歧义的汉字；Vyshinsky 维辛斯基（not维新斯基）Hooker 胡克（not虎渴）jeep 吉普（not鸡脯）（4）Avoid the use of characters or words with a derogatory or commendatory implication;忌用有含有褒贬倾向的汉字。
如：丑、恶、鬼、狐、悲、匪、尸、妖等；Bumble 本伯（not笨伯）Congo 刚果（not甘果）Mozambique 莫桑比克（not莫三别给、莫三鼻给）phantom circuit 幻象电路（not鬼魂电路）AIDS virus 艾滋病病毒（not爱滋病病毒）（5）Avoid the use of Chinese surnames for foreigners’(with many exceptions);忌用汉语名字绰号来翻译外文名字（但有很多例外）；Gogol 果戈理（not郭哥儿）Tolstoy 托尔斯泰（not陶师道）。