OSM本地数据库搭建(Ubuntu环境)

Build your own OpenStreetMap Server - Ubuntu 08.04 Hardy Heron Submitted by rweait on Sat, 01/19/2013 - 15:07

This article is now archived

as https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/content/build-your-own-openstreetmap-serve r-v1. An updated (2010) article is based on Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx Build your own OpenStreetMap server. Build your own what?

OpenStreetMap is the editable World map of everything. It is the Wikipedia of maps. It is to other on-line maps as Wikipedia is to Britannica. And it is awesome in every possible way.

OpenStreetMap is a massive project that started as Steve Coast's, frame-breaking idea in 2004. If I make a map of my neighborhood and give it away, and you make a map of your neighborhood and give it away, then we both have better maps. As of March 2009 there are over 100,000 contributors making maps of their neighborhoods and contributing them to this World wide effort.

OpenStreetMap makes the data and the software available to you with Free Software and free data licenses so that you can use, learn from, teach with, improve upon and share with others what you gain from OpenStreetMap. And you can build your own local copy of OpenStreetMap for your business, school, community group or personal interests.

The project operates on a massive scale as there is an incredible amount of data, there is more data every day, and there are more people using the data every day. OpenStreetMap has to run on several servers, including a handful of API servers and separate database, development, web and tile servers. This article does not cover the creation of a complete OSM datacentre.

It does cover creating a single server from a typical PC circa 2006. These instructions build what OpenStreetMap calls a tile server. That is, a computer that uses the OSM data set to create map images that are suitable for a web site. Not every OpenStreetMap function is supported, but you will be able to create a local map, keep it up to date and customize it for your own purposes.

The key compromise that is required to be able to build this system on a

non-super-computer is that we'll only build the map for a small part of the world. Why would I build my own?

Why indeed? https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html, is already freely available on the

internet. Why not just use that? You can and you should. Eventually

you may come up with an idea. You might want to make the map

work a little differently for you. You might want a map for a special

purpose.

Perhaps for

cycling, https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/ OpenC

ycleMap is a wonderful example of what you can

do with the tools and data of OpenStreetMap

catalyzed by an idea. Created by Andy Allan and Dave Stubbs,

OpenCycleMap uses OpenStreetMap data, then displays it in a way

that is useful to cyclists with the emphasis placed on cycle trails,

bike shops and bike parking. They've also added elevation contours

and hill-shading as cyclists care about hills. Sometimes they are

looking for a good challenging climb, and other times they just want

to get home with the groceries. The brilliant work of the

OpenCycleMap team was recognized with a Commendation from the British Cartographic Society as well as the prestigious Lolcat of Awesomness from the OpenStreetMap community at large.

Or maybe you need to have access to you map even when your internet provider is down. Or when the power is off. Or both. It won't take much for you to see the benefit of having your own piece of OpenStreetMap infrastructure. All you need to start is an idea and the thirst for knowledge.

There are a lot of moving parts to OpenStreetMap. I hope that these steps will make it easier for you to get your first map working. This article is intended to get from bare iron to a working local OpenStreetMap tile server. This one will collect OpenStreetMap data and allow you to render that data into images suitable for use on a web site. Future articles will cover how to use your new server and several customizations that you'll want to try.

Let's get started, shall we?

Install Ubuntu server

I used Hardy Heron 8.04 LTS for this tutorial. Choose the LAMP server and the ssh server.

This Ubuntu Hardy LAMP installation tutorial is a great start for somebody who hasn't installed one before.

Browse to it and get "It Works!" from apache to know that you've got it right.

Add some general tools

sudo apt-get install subversion unzip

Get the Data

Start to download your planet file or extract. It's very big. Plan to use another console or screen to continue while downloading. Download from one of the mirrors like this one, for a faster download.

wget

http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/plan et-latest.osm.bz2

Get back to the download tomorrow. We've got things to do until then.

Install the Database

A Word About username

As a simplifying assumption, this article will have you install all of the tools to work with the same user. This user is the same user for the Ubuntu login.

Set up the database to hold your copy of the OSM data. We'll use postgresql with PostGIS extensions to make the geographic stuff easier.

First we install the dependencies.

sudo apt-get install postgresql-8.3-postgis postgresql-contrib-8.3

It should respond like this

Configuring postgresql.conf to use port 5432...

* Starting PostgreSQL 8.3 database server

...done.

Setting up postgresql-8.3-postgis (1.3.3-1) ... edit /etc/postgresql/8.3/main/postgresql.conf in four places. These changes help with the large quantities of data that we are using.

shared_buffers = 128MB # 16384 for 8.1 and earlier checkpoint_segments = 20

maintenance_work_mem = 256MB # 256000 for 8.1 and earlier

autovacuum = off

edit /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax=268435456

Russ Nelson and balrog-k1n remind us that the above only takes effect after a reboot. Making this work immediately requires the following.

sudo sysctl kernel.shmmax=268435456

Disable the two pg_maintenance tasks which would otherwise cause vacuums to interrupt our database loads. We don't want loading the

database to get interrupted.

crontab /etc/cron.d/postgresql-common

Add a # before each line to disable it.

Reenable them if you're doing anything else with postgres, or performance will slowly degrade.

Restart postgres to enable the changes

sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql-8.3 restart

It should restart as above.

Configuring postgresql.conf to use port 5432... * Starting PostgreSQL 8.3 database server

...done.

Setting up postgresql-8.3-postgis (1.3.3-1) ... create the database

Substitute your username for username in two places below. This should be the username that will render maps with mapnik.

sudo -u postgres -i

createuser username # answer yes for superuser createdb -E UTF8 -O username gis

createlang plpgsql gis

exit

PostGIS

Set up PostGIS on the postresql database.

psql -d gis -f

/usr/share/postgresql-8.3-postgis/lwpostgis.sql This should respond with many lines ending with

...

CREATE FUNCTION

COMMIT

Substitute your username for username in two places in the next line. This should be the username that will render maps with mapnik.

echo "ALTER TABLE geometry_columns OWNER TO username; ALTER TABLE spatial_ref_sys OWNER TO username;" | psql -d gis

# Should reply with

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE

Enable intarray

psql gis

Replies with many lines ending with

CREATE FUNCTION

CREATE OPERATOR CLASS

Mapnik from source

Use Mapnik for rendering pretty maps. We'll use both the https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html, project and some https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html, mapnik-tools and we'll call them both Mapnik at various times depending on context. Sorry about that. This section deals with the https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html, project.

Install some dependencies.

sudo apt-get install libltdl3-dev libpng12-dev

libtiff4-dev libicu-dev

sudo apt-get install libboost-regex-dev

libboost-iostreams-dev

sudo apt-get install libboost-filesystem-dev

libboost-thread-dev

sudo apt-get install libboost-python1.34.1

libboost-python-dev

sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev libcairo2-dev libcairomm-1.0-dev

sudo apt-get install libboost-program-options-dev python-cairo-dev

sudo apt-get install libboost-serialization-dev sudo apt-get install imagemagick

Get some more dependencies

sudo apt-get install build-essential libxml2-dev libgeos-dev libpq-dev libbz2-dev proj

proj above is called libproj-devel on OpenSuse - reported by kW on #osm

To avoid confusion, we'll put the https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html, project software in

~/src/mapnik, also known as /home/username/src/mapnik

Get the source from svn

mkdir src

cd src

svn co https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/trunk/ mapnik

cd mapnik

Configure mapnik

Note, Updated 14 Aug 2009

Are you having trouble with ImportError: No module named

mapnik after upgrading to Jaunty? Here is a fix for ImportError: No module named mapnik

python scons/scons.py

Please note that the optional boost system is not included in Boost 1.34 so the Boost System warning will persist.

Install mapnik

sudo python scons/scons.py install

Let python know about mapnik

sudo ldconfig

Install osm2pgsql

Get the latest osm2pgsql from svn.

svn co

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/applications/utils/exp ort/osm2pgsql/

Should reply with several lines and end with

Checked out revision 14116.

Your revision number will vary.

Build osm2pgsql

cd osm2pgsql

make

This should return without warnings or errors.

Set the Spatial Reference Identifier (SRID) on the new database. psql -f 900913.sql -d gis

Should reply with

INSERT 0 1

OpenStreetMap Mapnik-tools

This is the other Mapnik. That is to say that these are the tools that OpenStreetMap uses to use Mapnik effectively. These will be kept in ~/mapnik also known as /home/username/mapnik.

Get the latest mapnik from svn.

cd ~

svn co

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/applications/rendering /mapnik/

Let's make some oceans

Stephen Wright once said, It's a small World but I wouldn't want to paint it. I feel the same about the outlines of the continents. I wouldn't want to have to walk along each of the edges of the Earth with a GPS. OpenStreetMap uses three different sources for this coastline information. Each is freely licensed for use with OpenStreetMap. Each is stored in a different compressed file format. So we get to use a couple of different tools.

The coastline information needs to be in the mapnik directory by default. You can move it elsewhere but you'll have to fix some other settings.

cd mapnik

World boundaries

wget

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/world_boundaries-sphe rical.tgz

tar zxvf world_boundaries-spherical.tgz

That created the world_boundaries directory that we'll use for the rest of this coastline data.

Coastlines from OpenStreetMap

wget

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/~kleptog/processed _p.zip

Alternate locations of processed_p, for when hypercube is

slow/down

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,s.ic.unicamp.br/pub/gentoo/distfiles/processed_p-2 0090514.zip

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/ressources/

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/processed_p.tar.bz2

unzip processed_p.zip

mv coastlines/* world_boundaries/

rmdir coastlines

That created a new coastlines directory that we won't use. We've moved the data to the world_boundaries directory.

Shorelines for low-zoom layers

cd world_boundaries

wget

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/shoreline_300.tar.bz2 tar xvjf shoreline_300.tar.bz

This one didn't create a directory at all so we unpacked it directly into world_boundaries

Testing and Your First Map

Part two of this article is expected in late March. And here it is, Make Your First Map with your OpenStreetMap tile server.

This article is one of a series that involve customizing OpenStreetMap. Please use comments below to request additional OpenStreetMap topics or to offer feedback.

References / Credits

All of the helpful folks on #osm on https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html, especially jburgess and springmeyer

All of the helpful folks on the OSM mailing

list https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/wiki/Mapnik

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/tech-blog/installing-mapnik-ubuntu-710 /

https://www.360docs.net/doc/448854392.html,/ubuntu-804-hardy-heron-lamp-server -setup.html

Thanks dbaker and acant for copy editing help.