who, which引导的定语从句
that、which和who定语从句
that、which和who定语从句that、which和 who定语从句引导语：我们要以that, t-h-a-t,that, which, w-h-i-c-h,which和who, w-h-o, who 开头的短句. 这种短句在整个句子里有修饰的功用.首先我们还是听一段对话, 内容是说彼得和玛丽快要毕业了, 两个人见面谈起毕业典礼的事情.F: Next week we graduate from high school. I can hardly wait.M: But first there are two more examinations which I have to pass.F: And there are three more papers that I have to write.M: Did you get your cap and robe for the graduation ceremony?F: Yes, but the robe which they gave me is too long. The person who gave it to me told me to take it back.M: The one that they gave me is too short. Maybe we should trade.在刚才那段对话里有些句子包含了用 that, which 和 who 开头的短句, 现在我请英文老师再把这些句子念一遍给你听.M: There are two more examinations which I have to pass.F: There are three more papers that I have to write.F: The robe which they gave me is too long.F: The person who gave it to me told me to take it back.M: The one that they gave me is too short.二.THAT听了刚才那段对话, 你可能已经注意到用一个短句来修饰一个词的时候, 它的位置是在那个词的后面,比方: "穿着长礼服戴着方帽子的学生," 英文应该这样说:The students that wear long robes and caps with square tops.现在我们来练习这类句子, 每个句子都跟彼得和玛丽快要毕业有关系. 现在请你注意听男老师念句子. 然后跟着女老师把句子重复一遍.M: There are two more examinations that Peter has to pass.F: There are two more examinations that Peter has to pass.M: There are three more papers that Mary has to write.F: There are three more papers that Mary has to write.M: Most students that graduate this year will attend the graduation ceremony.F: Most students that graduate this year will attend the graduation ceremony.M: The students that wear long robes and caps with square tops are graduating.F: The students that wear long robes and caps with square tops are graduating.三.WHICH刚才那些句子里用来修饰的`短句都是用that 开头的, that 可以用来指人或是东西. 但是在专门指东西或事情的时候可以用 which, w-h-i-c-h, which 代替. The robe that they gave Mary is too long. 这句话也可以这样说: The robe which they gave Mary is too long.下面我们作一组练习, 学学这种句子, 练习的作法是由老师用"" what 提出一个问句, 比方 "什么是文凭?" What is a diploma? 然后老师念一个用 which开头的短句修饰的词, 比方 "高中毕业生得到的文件" The paper which a high school graduate receives, 所以刚才那个问题的答案就是: "文凭是高中毕业生得到的文件." A diploma is the paper which a high school graduate receives. 在这组练习里, 你可以学习到怎么用英文来解释什么是"学位" degree, d-e-g-r-e-e, degree, 什么是 "毕业舞会" prom, p-r-o-m, prom 等等. 现在请你注意听老师问问题, 并且在学生回答问题的时候也一起回答.M: What is a graduation robe?M: the robe which the graduates wearF: A graduation robe is the robe which the graduates wear.M: What is a graduation ceremony?M: a ceremony which the graduates attendF: A graduation ceremony is a ceremony which the graduates attend.M: What is a diploma?M: the paper which a high school graduate receivesF: A diploma is the paper which a high school graduate receives.M: What is a degree?M: the paper which a university or college graduate receives F: A degree is the paper which a university or college graduate receives.M: What is a prom?M: the dance which the graduates go toF: A prom is the dance which the graduates go to.四.WHO下面我们来学习用 who, w-h-o, who 作刚才那种短句, 比方有一句话: "老师就是教书的人" A teacher is a person who teaches. 在这句话里, who 指的就是"人" person p-e-r-s-o-n, person.下面我们来作一组练习,首先由老师提出一个疑问句. 比方: "谁将在典礼上致辞?" Who will give a speech at the ceremony? 接着老师念出一个用 who 开头的短句修饰的词. 比方: "参加毕业典礼的官员们" The officials who attend the graduation ceremony. 所以刚才那个问题的答案就是: "参加毕业典礼的官员们将在典礼上致辞." The officials who attend the graduation ceremony will give a speech at the ceremony. 现在请你注意听老师问问题, 并且在学生回答问题的时候也一起回答.M: Who will wear long robes and caps with square tops?M: the students who graduateF: The students who graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops.M: Who will attend the graduation ceremony?M: the students who graduateF: The students who graduate will attend the graduation ceremony.M: Who will receive a diploma?M: the students who graduate from high schoolsF: The students who graduate from high schools will receive a diploma.M: Who will receive a degree?M: the students who graduate from universities or colleges F: The students who graduate from universities or colleges will receive a degree.M: Who will make a speech at the ceremony?M: the graduate who has the best record in schoolF: The graduate who has the best record in school will makea speech at the ceremony.五.从句修饰宾语现在我们再来学习用短句. 在刚才作的几组练习里用的短句都是用来修饰主语的. 下面我们要用这种短句来修饰宾语. 比方有一句话: "父母和朋友向毕业的学生祝贺. "Parents and friends congratulated the students who graduated. 在这句话里, 短句 who graduated 修饰句子里的宾语the students.下面我们来作一组练习把两句简单的话合并成用短句修饰宾语的句子. 练习的作法是这样的: 老师先念一个句子 "彼得跟学生闲谈" Peter chatted with the students, 接着老师又念第二个句子 "典礼中坐在他附近的学生" The students sat near him at the ceremony.请你用who 把第二个句子改为短句, 用来修饰第一句话里的 "学生", 所以答案就是 Peter chatted with the students who sat near him at the ceremony. 现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句还是请你听正确答案.M: Peter talked to the student.M: The student gave a speech at the graduation ceremony.F: Peter talked to the student who gave a speech at the graduation ceremony.M: Peter chatted with the students.M: The students sat near him at the ceremony.F: Peter chatted with the students who sat near him at the ceremony.M: Parents and friends congratulated the students.M: The students graduated.F: Parents and friends congratulated the students who graduated.M: Students met their friends and relatives.M: Their friends and relatives came to the graduation ceremony.F: Students met their friends and relatives who came to the graduation ceremony.M: The graduates took pictures of their friends.M: Their friends were in the same classes.F: The graduates took pictures of their friends who were in the same classes.下面我们用同样的方式练习怎么用以which 开头的短句来形容一个句子的宾语, 比方老师说: "学生听演讲" Students listened to the speech. 接着老师又说:"校长在典礼中演讲" The principal gave a speech at the ceremony. 你就把第二句话改成短句来修饰第一句话里的宾语 " 演讲", 所以正确答案就是 Students listened to the speech which the principal gave at the ceremony. 好, 现在我们开始作练习, 每作完一句就请你听正确答案.M: Mary didn't like the robe.M: She got the robe for the graduation ceremony.F: Mary didn't like the robe which she got for the graduation ceremony.M: Mary wore the robe.M: She traded the robe with Peter.F: Mary wore the robe which she traded with Peter.M: Students listened to the speech.M: The principal gave a speech at the ceremony.F: Students listened to the speech which the principal gave at the ceremony.M: Students were very happy to receive the diplomas.M: They earned the diplomas.F: Students were very happy to receive the diplomas which they earned.M: Students showed each other the pictures.M: They took the pictures.F: Students showed each other the pictures which they took.M: Students danced to the music.M: The band played music at the prom.F: Students danced to the music which the band played at the prom.六.听短文回答问题今天我们要听的文章是谈到美国中学和大学的毕业典礼. 文章里许多句子都是我们刚才练习过的, 比方哪些学生可以毕业, 在典礼上谁致辞, 典礼之后举行毕业舞会, 毕业典礼是令人回味的活动等等.现在请你注意听.In American high schools and colleges, the last day of the school year is graduation day. The students who finish their last year in the school will graduate. The graduation ceremony is often in the school gymnasium. The people who come to watchthe graduation are teachers, parents and friends of the graduates. Those students who will graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops. The graduate who has the best record in school will make a speech. The school principal and other officials will also make speeches. Then each graduate will receive a piece of paper which has his name and the name of the school. The paper which the students receive in high school is a diploma. The paper which the students receive in college is a degree. After the ceremony, students often chat with their teachers, friends and relatives who come to congratulate them. They take pictures of each other. They will show each other these pictures a few nights later at the graduation prom. Graduation is a memorable event.刚才那段文章你听懂了吗? 等一会儿我会请英文老师再用慢速度念一遍给你听. 现在我们先来听今天测验的三个问题.第一个问题是:M: Who attends the graduation ceremony?第二个问题是:M: What do graduates do at the ceremony?第三个问题是:M: What do students often do after the ceremony?现在我们再听英文老师用慢速度把整段文章念一遍.In American high schools and colleges, the last day of the school year is graduation day. The students who finish their last year in the school will graduate. The graduation ceremony is often in the school gymnasium. The people who come to watch the graduation are teachers, parents and friends of the graduates. Those students who will graduate will wear long robes and caps with square tops. The graduate who has the best record in school will make a speech. The school principal and other officials will also make speeches. Then each graduate will receive a piece ofpaper which has his name and the name of the school. The paper which the students receive in high school is a diploma. The paper which the students receive in college is a degree. After the ceremony, students often chat with their teachers, friends and relatives who come to congratulate them. They take pictures of each other. They will show each other these pictures a few nights later at the graduation prom. Graduation is a memorable event.现在请你回答今天测验的三个问题, 回答之后请你听老师念正确答案.第一个问题是:M: Who attends the graduation ceremony?F: The school principal, officials,the graduates, their teachers, parents and friends attend the graduation ceremony.第二个问题是:M: What do graduates do at the ceremony?F: They listen to speeches, and they receive diplomas or degrees.第三个问题是:M: What do students often do after the ceremony?F: They chat with their teachers, friends and relatives.They also take pictures of each other.下载全文。
定语从句用who的八种情况
定语从句用who的八种情况
1、who引导主语从句：who作主语时所指的人做的动作，构成主语从句，例如：
Who visits the museum must pay for the ticket.
2、who 引导定语从句：who在定语从句中作定语，修饰先行词，如：
This is the man who I told you about.
3、who引导表语从句：who作表语，是谓语动词后面的成分，表此人的性格、状态，例如：
He is the man who can be trusted.
4、who 引导同位语从句：同位语从句起到补充说明的作用，who 的先行词是具体的人，如：
This is Tom, who is a kind person.
5、who 引导状语从句：who在状语从句中作目的状语，指代动作的发出者，如：
They came to visit us, who we haven't seen for a long time.
6、who 引导宾语从句：who所句修饰的先行词指人，既可以作宾语，如：
Mike asked who had done it.
7、who 引导宾补从句：who作宾补，在宾语从句中作宾补，既可以指人，又可以指物，如：
I asked him who helped us.
8、who 引导名词性从句：who既可以句做定语，也可以作名词性定语从句；很多时候和which的用法相近，如：
We all know the person who/which did a great job.。
where,which,that,who,whose,what的用法.doc
where，which，that，who，whose，what的用法语法是小升初英语考试必考的内容，因此考生必须掌握好小升初英语语法知识点，为了帮助大家复习英语语法知识点，下面为大家带来小升初英语语法知识：where，which，that，who，whose，what的用法，希望大家认真记忆。
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一.词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which that主语Whom which that宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)例1：This is the detective who came from London.例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。
例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
that、which、who引导从句时的区分
答：、用作关系代词，引导定语从句. 我唯一能做地事就是休息. 文档来自于网络搜索、用作关联词，引导名词性从句. 地球围着太阳转这一点是众所周知地.（引导主语从句）文档来自于网络搜索. 碰巧我认识那人.（主语从句）. 我会注意把一切准备妥当地.(宾语从句)文档来自于网络搜索.困难就在于我们缺钱.（表语从句）文档来自于网络搜索. 无疑，他是这一职位地最佳人选.（同位语从句）文档来自于网络搜索、构成短语，引导状语从句.拿近一点，好让我看清楚些. ( 引导目地状语从句) 文档来自于网络搜索, . 她起地早，所以赶上了早班车.( 引导结果状语从句)文档来自于网络搜索, . 他大声说话，为了使大家都能听得见.（引导目地状语从句）文档来自于网络搜索.他们既然已着手自己来处理问题，事态地进展也就加快了.（引导原因状语从句）文档来自于网络搜索关系代词和地选择关系代词和都可以指人，有时使用场合有区别.（一）关系代词地使用场合．可以代表人、人格化了地动物、神话故事中地人物或有生命地事物.如：）．（正在叫地那条狗是我们地宠物））．（想去地人在此签名）．在从句中，作主语倾向于用.如：）．）？．当先行词泛指代词，或指示代词等时，常用.如：）．(不劳动者不得食））（非常地）．（我们迫切需要能认真工作地人）．先行词前出现不定冠词时，多用.如：）．．在句型中，既作主语又表示人时多用，或省略.如：）．）' ．．不定代词，，等作先行词时，多用.如：．．定语从句和先行词分隔，用可能引起歧义时，应用.如：．这个句子如用，就可能被人认为是定语从句修饰.．在非限制性定语从句中，一般要用，不用.如：，，．．有两个定语从句出现在一个句子中，一个关系代词用地话，另一个就用.如：．文档来自于网络搜索．但在平行结构中，应根据平行结构地原则重复同一个关系代词.如：，．（两个从句修饰地是一个词)注意：关系代词前如有介词或在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词要用.如：），' ．），，．（二）关系代词地使用场合．在以疑问词开始地句子中，避免两个重复，用.如：？．关系代词在从句中作表语时，多用.如：．．先行词被形容词最高级、等修饰时，应用.如：．．先行词人和物两者都有时，要用.如：．．关系代词与（指同一人）连用时，只能用.如：．三、关系代词和地选择关系代词和都可以指物，在很多场合两者都通用.但有时和地使用场合并不相同. （一）关系代词地使用场合．如果先行词是，关系代词应用.如：？．先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长地成分分隔，用较好.如：．．一个句子中如有两个定语从句，一个定语从句用了关系代词，另一个从句宜用.如：．（第二个定语从句地先行词实际上是前一个定语从句地关系代词）' ．文档来自于网络搜索但在平行结构中，应重复同一个关系代词.如：，．文档来自于网络搜索．非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用.如：，．．相当于并列句和状语从句地定语从句，用引导.如：）．）．．关系代词前如有介词，关系代词要用.如：．如把介词移至句末，可用（或省略）.如：（）．（二）关系代词地使用场合．一般说来，先行词是，，，，，，等，关系代词应用.如：）' （）．）．．先行词之前有，，，，，，，等修饰时，关系代词应用.如：）' ．）（）' ．．先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词应用.如：）．）．．当先行词是地表语，或关系代词本身是从句地表语时，关系代词应用.如：）' ．）．．当主句以开头时，关系代词应用.如：．．当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词，后一个关系代词宜用.如：' ．但两个定语从句地结构如果平行，一个定语从句中用关系代词，另一个定语从句也应重复.如：，．．与（指同一物）连用，构成．．．．．．结构时，关系代词只能用.如：．注意：．．．．．．结构中地不能用代替，因为．．．．．．与．．．．．．地含义不同. 文档来自于网络搜索可引导名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，在句中作从属连词，不引导状语从句，但可引导状语从句. 文档来自于网络搜索此句中，作为同位语从句引导词来解释，与定语从句中地相鉴别，定语从句中地可以省略，而同位语中地不可以.文档来自于网络搜索。
who是什么从句
关系代词who引导定语从句作句子的主语、宾语。
定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导。
who的用法1.who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。
例如：（1）The student who is answering the question is John.正在回答问题的那个学生是约翰。
（2）Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished.任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
2.who是主格，在定语从句中作主语，此时不能省略。
例如：（1）The person who was here yesterday is a musician.昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。
在非正式英语中，who亦可作宾语，且可以省略。
例如：（2）The man（who）I saw just now is Mr Li.我刚才见到的那个人是李先生。
3.在定语从句中，who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。
如：Do you know the boy who is standing over there?你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？4.若先行词中既有人又有物，关系代词用that而不用who。
例如：He watched the children and boxes that filled the car.他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和箱子。
5.若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰，关系代词用that而不用who。
例如：（1）Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I know.姚明是我知道的最好的篮球运动员。
（2）Tom is the first boy that left the room.汤姆是第一个离开这个房间的男孩。
定语从句which who
Module 8
Who ,which 引导的 定语从句
课上探究
一、重新朗读课前朗读中的句子，然后小组合作完 成以下任务： 1.找出句子中的先行词、引导词以及定语从句。 （在词下划线） 2.总结引导词的用法。 无生命的东西 1)which 引导的定语从句修饰的是_____________.which 主语 宾语 在从句中可以做______, 还可以做_________. 人 2)who 引导的定语从句先行词是____. who 在从句中可以做 主语 宾语 _____, 还可以做_____,这时可以和whom 通用，如（6）。 注：当引导词做主语时，必须和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
Exercise 1: (用who 或 which填空) who 1. The nurse _____ looks after my sister is very kind. which 2. We watched the play “Teahouse”_____ was written by Lao She. which 3. The medicine _____ Dr Li gave to me was quite helpful. which 4. The train_____ Mike missed started at 5:00 p.m. which 5. The letter_____I received three days ago is from my uncle. 6. Cream, butter and cheese are kinds of food which _____make you fat. 7. The man who ___brought us the letter yesterday is in the next room. 8.Mr Liu is the person _____you saw yesterday. who who 9.The boys_____are playing football are from Class One. 10. Beijing is the city _____ won the prize. which 仔细观察这些句子，我们还可以用别的引导词吗？试着找一下他们 的规律。 that/who 当先行词是人时，引导词可以用________________ that/which 当先行词是无生命的东西时，引导词可以用______________.
who which that whom what的用法
"who," "which," "that," "whom," 和"what" 都是关系代词（relative pronouns），用于引导定语从句。
它们在句子中用于连接主句和定语从句，进一步修饰名词。
以下是它们的主要用法：1."Who":•用于引导人的定语从句。
•例如："The person who called you is waiting outside."2."Which":•用于引导事物或动物的定语从句。
•例如："I bought a new laptop, which is very fast."3."That":•既可以用于引导人的定语从句，也可以用于引导事物或动物的定语从句。
•例如：•"The book that I borrowed from the library is interesting."（引导事物的定语从句）•"The person that you met yesterday is my friend."（引导人的定语从句）4."Whom":•用于正式语境中引导人的定语从句，通常作为宾语。
•例如："I met a woman whom I had not seen for years."5."What":•用于引导名词性从句（noun clauses），表示事物或抽象概念。
•例如："I don't understand what you are saying."这些关系代词通常在句子中引导定语从句，帮助提供对先行词的更多信息。
选择使用哪个关系代词通常取决于先行词的性质（人、事物、动物）以及在定语从句中的角色（主语、宾语等）。
which,who引导的定语从句
which, who引导的定语从句看下面的几个例句：It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous.它成功地展示了使北京闻名遐迩的悠久文化。
The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.我们最喜欢的照片是赵敏照的先行词是物It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous.引导词在从句中作主语先行词是物The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.引导词在从句中作宾语由此，我们可以看出：which引导的定语从句修饰的是无生命的东西。
which 在从句中的成分是可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
下面我们再看一个句子：先行词是人His father is the person who will be most unhappy.引导词在从句中作主语由此，我们可以看出：如果先行词是人，那么定语从句的引导词就可以是who。
注意：当who 在从句中作宾语时，在现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都可用who了。
如：Do you know Mr Zhang who(m) they like very much?在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下that和which都可以通用, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
(1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something that you can borrow.(2).先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。
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who, which引导的定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
它的作用相当于一个形容词。
定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这一名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词（副词）。
这里主要介绍关系代词who与which的用法。
关系代词who（whom）和which均可引导定语从句，who用来指人，而which指物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。
请看例句：
We shall never forget Mr Li who taught us English in the middle school. 我们永远不会忘记中学时教我们英语的李老师。
(who在从句中作主语) The man who(m) you saw last week has left the town. 上周你看见的那个人已离开这个城镇了。
（whom也可用who, 在从句中作saw的宾语）【温馨提示】关系代词在从句中作宾语时，常可省略。
如：
He told a story which moved us deeply. 他讲了一个使我们深受感动的故事。
（which在从句中作主语）
This is a reason which we must not forget. 这是
（which在从句中作宾语）我们不能忘记的一个原因。
需要指出的是关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下可以互换。
如：
The house which / that you lived in is a very old building. 你住的那个房子是座古老的建筑。
但在下列情况中，通常用which, 不用that。
当先行词有指示代词修饰时。
如：
The lady did not want that one which smelt terrible. 那位夫人不要气味难闻的那个。
当关系代词前有介词时。
如：
The room in which my family live used to be a garage.我家住的房间以前是个车库。
当先行词本身为that时。
如：
That which you told him about is what we want to know. 你告诉他的正是我们想知道的。