2018年南京市鼓楼区初三二模卷
2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷(解析版)
2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷一、选择题1．（1分）﹣Excuse me．Will you please tell me the way to Hongqiao Hotel？﹣Walk the Bank of Nanjing and go straight on，and you'll see it on your right．（）A．over B．past C．along D．through2．（1分）﹣Jack is a/an young man．﹣That's true．He always feels nervous when he speaks in front of people．（）A．friendly B．shy C．honest D．lively3．（1分）﹣I'm afraid that you look a bit fatter than before．﹣Yeah．I need to start exercising and get back in ．（）A．size B．height C．style D．shape4．（1分）﹣Do you think I'm suitable to be the chairperson of the Helping Hands Club？﹣It'll be difficult you've got experience of community work．（）A．while B．if C．unless D．because5．（1分）﹣Which course would you like to choose this term，DIY or STEM？﹣．I prefer photography．（）A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither6．（1分）According to the local rule，children under the age of 12 ride a shared bicycle inNanjing．（）A．needn't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．may not7．（1分）﹣Could you tell me how to start this online game？﹣Of course．click on the computer icon and follow the directions．（）A．Simply B．Hardly C．Nearly D．Mostly8．（1分）﹣Hi，Sam．Have you seen Mr．Lin anywhere？﹣He to a parent at the school gate when I saw him just now．（）A．is talking B．was talkingC．talked D．has talked9．（1分）It's reported that the number of cars in Nanjing by about 250 ，000 during the past fewyears．（）A．is increasing B．are increasingC．has increased D．have increased10．（1分）﹣You're looking very smart in a new suit today．﹣Thanks．But to tell you the truth，I it for quite a few years．（）A．bought B．have boughtC．had D．have had11．（1分）My mother wanted me to study in a famous private school．But picking this schoolto be one of the best decisions I've ever made．（）A．turns out B．works out C．puts out D．comes out12．（1分）Tom was late this morning and again he said his clock didn't wake him up．But I'll never buythat! The word buy in the sentence means ．（）A．believe B．expect C．prove D．understand13．（1分）﹣I hear we'll take a trip to Mount Zijin after the examination．﹣That's not bad at all．But I wonder ．（）A．when and where shall we meetB．what shall we get ready for itC．if there will be heavy rain that dayD．that we'll go there by bus or on foot14．（1分）﹣Excuse me．Do you think I could borrow your dictionary？﹣．It's in my schoolbag．（）A．Yes，you may B．Yes，you couldC．Yes，enjoy yourself D．Yes，help yourself15．（1分）﹣﹣I'm sorry to hear that．I hope she'll be well soon．（）A．Diana's parents don't allow her to go camping with us．B．Linda broke her leg in PE class and was sent to hospital．C．Though Amy works harder，she still failed the maths exam．D．What a pity! Lily got the second place in the 400 metres race．二、完形填空16．（10分）Richard and Sonia Muller make documentaries about wildlife，such as the big cats in Africa．Their filmmaking，with real events and （1），is a way to let the world understand the importance of wildlife．Their recent film Staying Alive （2）a relationship between lions and other wild animals in Africa．When a wildlifeorganization sent the couple the information about the （3）number of big cats，especially lions，they immediately agreed to take part．Richard grew up near a wildlife park and loved to （4）what he saw with his camera as achild．And Sonia，in South Africa，often ran alone to explore the wild environment around her home，which worried her parents．They met at university in Cape Town，and soon they realized how muchthey had in common．Both of them were （5）about the natural world．When asked what they found hardest about their work，the couple have the sameanswer﹣leaving an area and finishing a project．Sonia （6）that the time may be limited，andthings like hot weather，dust and bugs （昆虫）make it very tiring．The excitement of her work comesfrom discovering something new for science，（7）Richard takes most interest in spending timewith animals，getting to know their character．If you'd like a similar career，Richard suggests that you learn different areas of （8），ratherthan learning filmmaking，because an understanding of the natural world will last forever．Thecouple also give advice for people who want to help protect the environment．"It's important to payattention to your daily life，" she explains．" （9）personal electronic items will bring you closerto the natural world，" she says．"You can watch the nature instead of playing with your mobilephone．" Both of them agree that more animals will be lost without rapid （10）．However，somehope for the future is that more teenagers are joining in protecting wildlife．（1）A．facts B．areas C．ideas D．parts（2）A．created B．compared C．explored D．developed（3）A．rising B．changing C．falling D．lasting（4）A．report B．require C．repeat D．record（5）A．worried B．curious C．happy D．serious（6）A．agrees B．means C．adds D．shows（7）A．while B．whether C．since D．though（8）A．geography B．physics C．chemistry D．biology（9）A．Taking out B．Turning off C．Picking up D．Handing out（10）A．control B．action C．support D．treatment三、阅读理解17．（3分）CELEBRITY PROFILEWe all know katniss everdeen in The Hunger Games，but who is the actress who plays her，Jennifer Lawrence？Fast FactsName：Jennifer Shrader LawrencePlace of birth：Kentucky，USADate of birth：August 15，1990Jen's familyMother：Karen LawrenceFather：Gary LawrenceBrothers：Ben and Blaine LawrenceDid you know？Jennifer has never had acting classes．Whe she was a child Jennifer liked sports and she played hockey and basketb all for an all﹣boys team．She also worked as a model．At the age of 14she knew she wanted to be an actress，so she went to New York City to look for work．She appeared in advertisements for MTV and the fashion company H&M and got work as an actress on TV．Her family moved to Los Angeles so that Jennifer could work on TV and in films．In 2010she acted in the film Winter's Bone and she was nominated for many awards including an Oscar．In 2012she starred in the film The Hunger Games as Katniss Everdeen．When she isn't working．Jen likes painting，surfing and playing the guitar．（1）How many people are there in Jennifer's family？A．Three．B．Four．C．Five．D．Six．（2）Where did Jennifer go to look for work when she was fourteen？A．Kentucky．B．Texas．C．Los Angeles．D．New York．（3）Which of the following sentences about Jennifer is NOT true？A．Jennifer took acting classes at school．B．Jennifer acted in The Hunger Games in 2012．C．Jennifer had the Oscar nomination for Winter's Bone．D．Jennifer liked playing boys' games when she was a child．18．（3分）My dog and I take walk down the street，And we say "hello" to people we meet．There's Mike the baker，outside of his shop．As we get closer he tells us to stop．He gives me a piece of freshly baked cake，And out of his pocket a biscuit for Jake．There's Mrs．McGinn，a teacher from school．She has two children，a dog and a pool．Say "hi" to Rory，who works on his truck．It won't get started so we wish him luck．Along comes Bridget who just learned to drive．She gives Jake a pat and me a high﹣five．We're back from our walk，the mail truck now parks．I know that it's there since Jake always barks．It's Bill the mailman who never comes late．Arriving at noon，he opens the gate．"Here's your mail now for house number three．""Does Jake save that bark for when he sees me？"（1）Which word probably describes Mike best？A．Helpful．B．Young．C．Cheerful．D．Kind．（2）Which fact about the mailman is TRUE？A．He is usually running late．B．He always gives Jake a biscuit．C．He comes at about 12 every day．D．He sometimes forgets the house number．（3）Which piece of information is NOT mentioned in the poem？A．The first name of the mailman．B．The first name of Jake's owner．C．Where Jake and his owner are walking．D．The house number where Jake and his owner live．19．（4分）Rick is a student at an expensive private university．He is lucky because he has a wonderful offer from the university's sports department．He can study for free because he is a great basketball player，and the team needs him．But Rick likes going to parties more than studying．He goes out with his friends four or five times a week．Rick misses a lot of classes because he usually doesn't feel well in the morning after partying all night．He tries to do his best at basketball practice，but he feels sick there sometimes，too．Rick gets some teammates to go out with him on a Wednesday night．They are all having lots of fun very late that night and drinking a lot．They decide to play basketball outside．As they play，one teammate falls and breaks his arm．They have to take him to the hospital，and they are all very upset．Naturally，Rick's coach is very angry．"I spoke to your teachers，" his coach says．"You miss lots of classes and your grades are very bad．And if you do not improve your grades，you will have to leave the team and the university．You have some thinking to do．" Rick is shocked at his coach's words．He does not want to leave the team! He thinks about his parents and his grandparents．They are so proud of him，and his little brother told Rick he was his hero．Rick knows that he can do much better．Rick wants to show his family and his team that he is responsible．And most of all，his dream is to play basketball at a big university! He will not throw it away by partying and drinking too much．From now on，Rick decides to be temperate （节制的）and enjoy what he loves most．（1）Which of the following about Rick is TRUE？A．Rick likes studying more than he likes going to parties．B．Rick decides not to party and drink too much any longer．C．Rick misses a lot of classes because he practices playing basketball．D．Rick studies in the university for free because he does well in all subjects．（2）What does "shocked" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean？A．Very angry．B．Very helpless．C．Very nervous．D．Very surprised．（3）Which is the correct order according to the passage？①Rick's coach is very angry with his bad grades．②One of Rick's teammates falls and breaks his arm．③Rick enters an expensive private university．④Rick often goes to parties instead of studying．⑤Rick decides to do his best to study and practice harder．A．③﹣④﹣②﹣①﹣⑤B．④﹣③﹣⑤﹣②﹣①C．③﹣④﹣①﹣②﹣⑤D．⑤﹣③﹣④﹣②﹣①（4）What is the best title for this passage？A．Never give upB．Never show offC．Better late than neverD．Practice makes perfect20．（5分）Dear Editor，I am writing with regards to the article "Is the TV Dead？" that appeared in yournewspaper on March 4th．The author said that with the rise of the Internet，the TV was becoming less and less important in our lives．I find it very difficult to agree with this view （观点）．The TV is still the main way most of usget our entertainment at home．It offers us the chance to see top musical artists，great films and documentaries and sometimes，thanks to important televised events，it has the power to bring the whole nation and all ages together in a way which the Internetnever could．Your article was especially critical （批判的）of the TV for the poor quality of programmes we now have．It is certainly true that many of the channels offer nothing more than repeats or low budget （预算）programmes．However，I would argue （辩论）that the most of content on the Internet is also of questionable quality．I agree that it is easy to keep up﹣to﹣date with the latest news on the Internet，but I'm sure most of us still enjoy sitting down to the News on TV in the evening just as much．The writer is correct in saying that the Internet has become our major source （来源）for research and I think this is its main strength．However，criticizing （批评）the TV for not being as good is completely unfair．Information programmes like documentaries are made as entertainment not as research tools，and they will continue to be popular with viewers．So I don't think the writer should be so quick to write the TV off．Just the opposite，I think it has many more years left in it!Yours sincerely，Samantha Johnson（1）Why is Samantha writing this letter to the newspaper？A．To make a complaint．B．To offer a different view．C．To encourage people to watch more TV．D．To advise people to use the Internet less．（2）What is Samantha's main view about TV？A．TV is the major source for research．B．TV is a way of getting entertainment．C．TV is in trouble because of the Internet．D．TV brings the whole nation and all ages together．（3）Which is the biggest problem with TV in Samantha's view？A．It can't be used as a research tool．B．It's unpopular among young people．C．It has few entertainment programmes．D．The quality of some programmes is poor．（4）What does Samantha think is the best use of the Internet？A．To buy products．B．To have more fun．C．To find information．D．To get the latest news．（5）Which word can describe how Samantha feels about TV？A．Satisfied．B．Excited．C．Stressed．D．Worried．四、填空题21．（1分）Each student is allowed to（借）three books from the school library ata time．22．（1分）When the police found the lost child three hours later，he was too hungry，（口渴的）andtired to stand．23．（1分）﹣Have you seen my Maths book？﹣I saw it（在某处），but I can't remember exactly where．24．（1分）Nancy gets on well with the other students，and feels that without them she might have been（孤独的）．25．（1分）Alipay，named by foreigners as one of the new "great（发明）" of China，saves us thetrouble of carrying wallets．26．（1分）We often have different ideas．As a result，we find（we）in heated discussions．27．（1分）Forty years' practice has proved that opening﹣up is China's wise （choose）．28．（1分）Yesterday I saw a man parking his bicycle by the street and he（care）knocked overseveral bicycles．What a shame!29．（1分）If there is something that will be different from the past，it will be that China will open even（wide）．30．（1分）﹣Sorry，Linda．I have to go to Mr．Brown's office．﹣It doesn't matter．I don't mind（wait） a little longer．31．（5分）is wasted protection special think about all the timeMichael：M；Susan：SM：Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon，Susan？S：What meeting？M：It's about environmental （1）．More ways should be found，so that the world will be saved inthe future．S：I agree．I think the environmental problems weren't taken seriously in the past，and a lot ofpeople still don't （2）it enough．M：Yes，you are right．For example，look at all the lights that are left on （3）! S：And a lot of water （4）every day，just in our houses．M：Exactly! These are all important things，but there is much more to do! Look around you．Why isso much paper thrown away？Put it in the （5）box，so that it can be recycled! S：Oh，dear．I left my computer on all day today! Yes，I'm coming to the meeting．五、阅读填空32．（10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中第1 ﹣10 小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：每个空格只填1个单词．请将答案填写在答题卡标号为﹣10 的相应横线上．Teens Now is a successful music magazine for teenagers that lists who is playing，where and whenand how to get tickets．Interviews with well﹣known singers and groups as well as detailed biographies are included．It also gives its readers the chance to send in their own articles．NS Teens magazine is well﹣known for its wildlife and environmental content but it also has articleson the history and culture of people from around the world．Some of the articles are long anddetailed but the magazine is also famous for its fantastic photo﹣journalism．There are also lettersfrom readers as well as maps and fact sheets．Some leading journalists （记者）write for Teen People，a music magazine aimed at the teen market．There are interviews with new bands （乐队）as well as the latest news on recordings，tours andfestivals．A popular feature is the annual reader's vote for the best new band．Teenplus is very different from the most other teen magazines that simply offer articles on pop starsand fashion．This exciting new magazine tells readers about what is happening in the world throughits articles on current affairs （时事），politics and science．It also offers a number of reviews onrecent books，films and music CDs．The only environmental magazine written by teenagers for teenagers is Young W B．Readers areinvited to send their articles and photographs to the magazine's offices and material is chosen forthe next issue．As well as articles about the natural world，the magazine also has manyspecial offersand competitions．No journalists write for Teen Voice．This magazine depends completely on articles sent in by itsteenage readers．It gives young people the chance to publish their creative work，such as poems orshort work of fiction or to voice their opinions on important problems．Teen（1）Name introductionTeens Now＞It's a musicmagazine，（2）informationof concerts，interviewswith singersand groups，and theirbiographies．＞It also （3）its readerswith thechance tosend in theirown articles．NS Teens＞It is mainlyabout thewildlife，theenvironment，the historyand the（4）．＞You can alsofind （5）letters，maps and factsheets in it．Teen People＞Some leadingjournalistswrite for it．＞Readers can（6）for the bestnew bandevery year．（7）＞It（8）currentaffairs，politics andsciencethrough itsarticles．＞It also offersreviews onrecentbooks，filmsand musicCDs．Young WB＞It is anenvironmental magazine inwhich all the（9）areteenagers．＞It has not onlyarticles aboutthe naturalworld butalso specialoffers andcompetitions．Teen Voice＞The articls arefrom itsteenagereaders．＞It's （10）for youngpeople topublish theircreative workin it．33．（10分）请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1 ﹣10的相应位置上．Early people had no need for money．Each family group hunted for，found，or grewwhat itneeded．Then life became less simple．People traded goods and services．As e （1）as 9 ，000 yearsago，people bought things with cattle （牲畜）．Cattle became a way to measure （衡量）something'sworth．Later the Chinese may have been the f （2）to use metal for money．About 4 ，000 years ago，metal money was common in places outside China too．The value of a piece of metal depended on its w （3），so scales （秤）were needed when things were bought．The small pieces of metal were formed in theshapes of money later on．Three thousand years ago，g （4）and silver were used for money pieces．These metals wereoften s （5）into rings．People wore their money before they spent it．The g （6）madedifferent coins for different values．The first known coins were round and flat and were made about2 ，650 years ago in Turkey．Sailors brought these coins to Greece．The Romans started using coins about 2 ，300 years ago．Their coins spread t （7）Europe，and their system of money was used throughout the Middle Ages，especially in England．TheMiddle Ages began about 1 ，500 years ago and l （8）until about 650 years ago．Many people think our coins today aren't worth much．Their real value has gone d （9），because coins are no longer made of silver or gold．But we s （10）use coins a lot．Every day inthe US，enough quarters （二角五分的硬币）are used in coin﹣run games to cover more than tenfootball fields．That's more than 70 million quarters every day．六、书面表达34．（15分）假设你是阳光中学的张红，你家将作为友好家庭接待来自美国的交流学生Amy．请根据Amy 的邮件内容，用英语给她写一封回信．Dear Zhang Hong，I'm so happy to have the chance to study and live with you．I can't wait to leave for Nanjing．I am curious about the study and life in Nanjing．Would you please tell me about that？Is your school far from home？What is your school like？Are there any special courses for us to learn？Do you have any plans for our weekends？I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon．Yours，Amy 注意：1．文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2．语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3．词数80 左右，信的开头已经给出，不计入总词数．Dear Amy，I am very glad to receive your e﹣mail．Welcome to my home and my school．Yours sincerely，Zhang Hong2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．【分析】﹣﹣对不起，请问去虹桥饭店的路怎么走？﹣﹣走过南京银行，一直往前走，你就会看到它在你的右边．【解答】考查介词．A超过．B经过．C沿着．D穿过．结合语境"﹣﹣对不起，请问去虹桥饭店的路怎么走？﹣﹣走过南京银行，一直往前走，你就会看到它在你的右边．"．可知，walk past走过，经过．故选：B．【点评】考查介词用法，这个知识点很广泛，有一些固定用法，需要日常积累，结合语境选择正确介词完成习题．2．【分析】﹣﹣杰克是个腼腆的年轻人．﹣﹣那是真的．他在人们面前讲话时总是感到紧张．【解答】考查形容词．A友好的．B害羞的、腼腆的．C诚实的．D活泼的．结合语境"﹣﹣杰克是个__年轻人．﹣﹣那是真的．他在人们面前讲话时总是感到紧张．"．可知，应该是"腼腆的"．故选：B．【点评】形容词的种类有很多，要根据具体语境选择适当的形容词．抓住关键词语，分析用法，完成试题．3．【分析】﹣恐怕你看起来比以前胖了．﹣是的．我需要开始锻炼而且恢复体型．【解答】A尺寸，大小；B高度；C款式；D形状．根据句意"我需要开始锻炼而且恢复体型．"可知要填"形状，体型"．故选：D．【点评】名词词意辨析，要牢记单词的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案．4．【分析】﹣你认为我适合担任扶手俱乐部的主席吗？﹣除非你有社区工作的经验否则很难．【解答】while当……时候；if如果；unless除非；because因为．结合句意：﹣你认为我适合担任扶手俱乐部的主席吗？﹣除非你有社区工作的经验否则很难．故选：C．【点评】本题考查连词的辨析，熟记词的用法及结合语境是解答本题的关键．5．【分析】﹣你这个学期选择什么，DIY还是STEM？﹣我都不喜欢．我更喜欢摄影．【解答】both两个都；either两者之一；none三个或三个以上都不；neither两者都不．结合句意：﹣你这个学期选择什么，DIY还是STEM？﹣我都不喜欢．我更喜欢摄影．摄影既不是DIY，也不是STEM．故选：D．【点评】本题考查代词的辨析，熟记词的用法及结合语境是解答本题的关键．6．【分析】根据当地的规定，12岁以下的儿童不允许在南京骑自行车．【解答】考查情态动词．A不必．B不应该．C不允许．D可能不．结合语境"根据当地的规定，12岁以下的儿童__在南京骑自行车．"．可知，应该是"不允许"．故选：C．【点评】情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语．否定形式通常在后面加not．要注意情态动词的不同用法．7．【分析】﹣﹣你能告诉我如何开始这个网络游戏吗？﹣﹣当然，只需点击电脑图标并按照指示．【解答】考查副词．A简单地、仅仅、只需．B几乎不．C几乎．D主要地．结合语境"﹣﹣你能告诉我如何开始这个网络游戏吗？﹣﹣当然，__点击电脑图标并按照指示．"．可知，应该是"仅仅、只需"．故选：A．【点评】副词通常用来修饰动词或句子，这里修饰动词，要结合语境，辨析副词用法，选择合适答案完成试题．8．【分析】﹣﹣嗨，萨姆，你在什么地方见过林老师？﹣﹣我刚才看见他的时候，他正在学校门口和一个家长谈话．【解答】过去进行时表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，其构成是：was/were+doing．根据"when I saw him just now．"因此可知这句话的意思是"我刚才看见他的时候，他正在学校门口和一个家长谈话．"所以要用过去进行时来填空．故选：B．【点评】首先要掌握过去进行时的用法及构成，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．9．【分析】据报道，在过去的几年里，南京的汽车数量增加了大约250，000辆．【解答】从during the past few years．判断句子使用现在完成时，构成have/has+动词的过去分词，而主语是the number of，后面用has．故选：C．【点评】本题主要考查现在完成时，用法：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，还表示过去发生动作一直持续到现在．其结构是have/has+及物动词的过去分词．此题注意短暂性动词和延续性动词区别．10．【分析】﹣今天你穿着新套装真漂亮．﹣谢谢，但是说实话，我买它几年了．【解答】根据句意"谢谢，但是说实话，我买它几年了．"可知要用现在完成时．故可排除AC．再根据句中的时间状语for a quite few years 可知要用延续性动词，故可排除B．故选：D．【点评】排除比较法．根据上下文意思或时间状语，推断出合适的时态，排除错误的答案，然后再比较剩下的选择项，从而做出正确的答案．11．【分析】我妈妈想让我去一所著名的私立学校读书．但选择这所学校结果是我做过的最好的决定之一．【解答】A结果是，B计算出，C扑灭，D出现，出版；根据预猜句意"但选择这所学校结果是我做过的最好的决定之一．"可知，要填"turns out"．故选：A．【点评】考查动词短语，要牢记动词短语的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案．12．【分析】汤姆今天早上迟到了，他又说他的闹钟没有吵醒他，但我永远也不相信．句子中的"buy"意思是"相信"．【解答】选项A意为：相信，选项B意为：希望，选项C意为：证明．选项D意为：理解．结合句意：汤姆今天早上迟到了，他又说他的闹钟没有吵醒他，但我永远也不相信．句子中的"buy"意思是"相信"．故选：A．【点评】本题考查动词的辨析．理解句意并熟记词义是解答本题的关键．13．【分析】﹣﹣我听说考试后我们要去紫金山旅行．﹣﹣这还不错．但是我想知道那天是否会下大雨．【解答】根据But I wonder 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项AB是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据wonder，可知这里表示想知道，含有疑问的语气，用if或者whether引导．故选：C．【点评】本题考查宾语从句，做题时注意三要素时态、语序和引导词．本题先考虑语序问题，再根据句子的上下文的意思，做出选择．14．【分析】﹣打扰了．你认为我能借你的字典吗？﹣当然，请自便．它在我的书包里．【解答】根据﹣Excuse me．Do you think I could borrow your dictionary？打扰了．你认为我能借你的字典吗？结合It's in my schoolbag它在我的书包里，可知选项A"可以，请自便"符合语境．故选：D．【点评】正确理解情景对话的话题，结合语境，给出答案．15．【分析】﹣﹣琳达在体育课上摔断了腿，被送往医院．﹣﹣听到这个消息我很难过．我希望她很快就会好起来．【解答】A戴安娜的父母不允许她和我们一起去野营．B琳达在体育课上摔断了腿，被送往医院．C尽管艾米努力学习，但她的数学考试还是不及格．D真遗憾！莉莉在400米赛跑中得了第二名．根据后句"听到这个消息我很难过．我希望她很快就会好起来．"可知，要填"琳达在体育课上摔断了腿，被送往医院．"，其它选项语意不通．故选：B．【点评】考查情景对话，要根据所表达的内容，用正确的单词和短语、恰当的句型和准确的时态．二、完形填空16．【分析】短文讲了Richard和Sonia Muller制作了关于野生动物的纪录片，详细的介绍了他们是如何研究野生动物和希望更多的青少年加入到保护野生动物的行列中来．【解答】（1）A 考查名词．A．facts事实，真相；B．areas区域；C．ideas 主意；D．parts部分．根据前句Their film making，with real events，可知结合选项，应说他们的电影制作，真实事件的事实．故选A．（2）C 考查动词．A．created创造；B．compared比较；C．explored探索；D．developed 发展．根据前后句Their recent film Staying Alive…a relationship between lions and other wild animals in Africa．可知结合选项，应说他们最近的电影在非洲探索了狮子和其他野生动物之间的关系．故选C．（3）C 考查动词．A．rising上升；B．changing 改变；C．falling 下降；D．lasting 持续．根据后句number of big cats，especially lions，可知结合选项，应说当一个野生动物组织向这对夫妇发送关于大型猫科动物数量减少的信息，尤其是狮子故选C．（4）D 考查动词．A．report报告；B．require 需求；C．repeat 重复；D．record 记录．根据前句Richard grew up near a wildlife park．Richard在一个野生动物园附近长大，可知结合选项，应说喜欢像孩子一样用相机记录他看到的东西．故选D．（5）B 考查形容词．A．worried担心的；B．curious好奇的；C．happy高兴的；D．serious 严肃的．根据前句soon they realized how much they had in common．不久，他们意识到他们有多么的共同之处．可知结合选项，应说他们都对自然世界很好奇．故选B．（6）C 考查动词．A．agrees同意；B．means打算；C．adds增加；D．shows 演示．根据前句the couple have the same answer﹣leaving an area and finishing a project．这对夫妇有同样的答案﹣﹣离开一个区域，完成一个项目．可知结合选项，应说索尼亚补充说，时间可能是有限的，像炎热的天气、灰尘和虫子之类的东西使它非常累人．故选C．（7）A 考查连词．A．while 当…时；B．whether 是否；C．since自…以来；D．though 虽然，尽管．根据前后句The excitement of her work comes from discovering something new for science，…Richard takes mos t interest in spending time with animals，getting to know their character．可知结合选项，应说她工作的兴奋来自于发现科学的新东西，而理查德最感兴趣的是花时间和动物在一起，了解他们的性格．故选A．（8）D 考查名词．A．geography地理；B．physics 物理；C．chemistry化学；D．biology 生物．根据后句because an understanding of the natural world will last forever．因为对自然世界的理解将永远存在．可知结合选项，应说如果你想要一个类似的职业，Richard建议你学习不同的生物学领域．故选D．（9）B 考查短语．A．Taking out提炼；B．Turning off 关掉；C．Picking up捡起；D．Handing out 分发．根据后句You can watch the nature instead of playing with your mobile phone．"你可以看大自然，而不是玩手机．可知结合选项，应说关掉个人电子产品会让你更接近自然世界，"她说．故选B．（10）B 考查名词．A．control控制；B．action 行动；C．support支持；D．treatment 治疗，处理．根据前句Both of them agree that more animals will be lost without rapid…，可知结合选项，应说他们都认为如果没有快速行动，就会失去更多的动物．故选B．【点评】完形填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词、等实词，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．三、阅读理解17．【分析】短文讲了Jennifer Shrader Lawrence，详细的介绍了她的家庭成员，及其她的爱好和取得的一些成就等．【解答】1．C 细节理解题．根据第七行句子Jen's family：Mother：Karen Lawrence；Father：Gary Lawrence；Brothers：Ben and Blaine Lawrence．和Jen．可知在Jennifer的家里有5口人，故选C．2．D 细节理解题．根据倒数第四行句子At the age of 14she knew she wanted to be an actress，so she went to New York City to look for work．14岁时，她知道自己想当演员，于是就去纽约找工作．可知当她14岁的时候，Jennifer去纽约找工作．故选D．3．A 细节判断题．根据最后一段句子When she was a child Jennifer liked sports and she played hockey and basketb all for an all﹣boys team．当她还是个孩子的时候，Jennifer 喜欢运动，她打曲棍球和篮球都是为了全男孩子队．和she was nominated for many awards including an Oscar．In 2012she starred in the film The Hunger Games as Katniss Everdeen．她获得了许多奖项，包括奥斯卡奖．2012年，她在电影饥饿游戏中饰演凯特尼斯伊夫丁．可知结合选项，Jennifer在学校上了表演课是错误的．故选A．【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案．18．【分析】这是一则有趣的押韵诗，描述了作者在街上的所见所闻．【解答】1．D 推理判断题．由There's Mike the baker，outside of his shop．As we get closer he tells us to stop．He gives me a piece of freshly baked cake，And out of his pocket a biscuit for Jake可知Mike是一个烘焙师，她给了我一块现烧的蛋糕，给了Jake一块饼干，由此可知他是友善的，选D．2．C 推理判断题．由It's Bill the mailman who never comes late．Arriving at noon，he opens the gate可知邮递员从来不迟到，在中午到，由此可推测他到的时间是12点，选C．3．B 细节理解题．全文提到了烘焙师的名词Mike，狗的名词Jake，老师的姓McGinn，卡车司机Rory，刚学会开车的Bridget，邮递员Bill，唯独没有提到"我"的名字，"我"是Jake的主人，选B．【点评】本文主要考查点是推理判断与细节理解，需要结合文章中的细节信息，联系问题，进行推理．19．【分析】本文讲述了Rick是一个很棒的篮球运动员，但他沉迷于去聚会，以至于荒废了训练，成绩越来越差，他的教练告诉他如果再这样下去，他就得离开球队与学校了，Rick重新思考了一下，他想起了自己的家人，于是决定克制自己．【解答】1．B 推理判断题．由Rick decides to be temperate （节制的）and enjoy what he loves most可知Rick决定克制自己并做自己最喜欢做的事情，由此可推断他决定不再老是去聚会喝酒了，选B．2．D 词义猜测题．由You miss lots of classes and your grades are very bad．And if you do not improve your grades，you will have to leave the team and the university．You have some thinking to do可知Rick错过了许多课，成绩很差，如果再这样下去，就得离开学校和球队，由He does not want to leave the team可知Rick是不想离开球队，由此可知他对教练的话是感到吃惊的，选D．3．A 细节理解题．由Rick is a student at an expensive private university可知Rick上了一所私立大学，接下来由But Rick likes going to parties more than studying可知Rick经常去聚会而不是去学习，接下来由one teammate falls and breaks his arm可知一个队友摔倒了并伤到了手臂，接下来由Rick's coach is very angry可知Rick的教练很生气，最后由Rick decides to be temperate （节制的）and enjoy what he loves most可知Rick 决定克制自己并做自己最喜欢做的事情．由以上可以得出正确的排序，选A．4．C 主旨大意题．本文主要讲的是Rick沉迷于聚会而荒废了训练，但在教练的警醒下，。
2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷(解析版)
2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷一、选择题1．（1分）﹣Excuse me．Will you please tell me the way to Hongqiao Hotel？﹣Walk the Bank of Nanjing and go straight on，and you'll see it on your right．（）A．over B．past C．along D．through2．（1分）﹣Jack is a/an young man．﹣That's true．He always feels nervous when he speaks in front of people．（）A．friendly B．shy C．honest D．lively3．（1分）﹣I'm afraid that you look a bit fatter than before．﹣Yeah．I need to start exercising and get back in ．（）A．size B．height C．style D．shape4．（1分）﹣Do you think I'm suitable to be the chairperson of the Helping Hands Club？﹣It'll be difficult you've got experience of community work．（）A．while B．if C．unless D．because5．（1分）﹣Which course would you like to choose this term，DIY or STEM？﹣．I prefer photography．（）A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither6．（1分）According to the local rule，children under the age of 12 ride a shared bicycle inNanjing．（）A．needn't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．may not7．（1分）﹣Could you tell me how to start this online game？﹣Of course．click on the computer icon and follow the directions．（）A．Simply B．Hardly C．Nearly D．Mostly8．（1分）﹣Hi，Sam．Have you seen Mr．Lin anywhere？﹣He to a parent at the school gate when I saw him just now．（）A．is talking B．was talkingC．talked D．has talked9．（1分）It's reported that the number of cars in Nanjing by about 250 ，000 during the past fewyears．（）A．is increasing B．are increasingC．has increased D．have increased10．（1分）﹣You're looking very smart in a new suit today．﹣Thanks．But to tell you the truth，I it for quite a few years．（）A．bought B．have boughtC．had D．have had11．（1分）My mother wanted me to study in a famous private school．But picking this schoolto be one of the best decisions I've ever made．（）A．turns out B．works out C．puts out D．comes out12．（1分）Tom was late this morning and again he said his clock didn't wake him up．But I'll never buythat! The word buy in the sentence means ．（）A．believe B．expect C．prove D．understand13．（1分）﹣I hear we'll take a trip to Mount Zijin after the examination．﹣That's not bad at all．But I wonder ．（）A．when and where shall we meetB．what shall we get ready for itC．if there will be heavy rain that dayD．that we'll go there by bus or on foot14．（1分）﹣Excuse me．Do you think I could borrow your dictionary？﹣．It's in my schoolbag．（）A．Yes，you may B．Yes，you couldC．Yes，enjoy yourself D．Yes，help yourself15．（1分）﹣﹣I'm sorry to hear that．I hope she'll be well soon．（）A．Diana's parents don't allow her to go camping with us．B．Linda broke her leg in PE class and was sent to hospital．C．Though Amy works harder，she still failed the maths exam．D．What a pity! Lily got the second place in the 400 metres race．二、完形填空16．（10分）Richard and Sonia Muller make documentaries about wildlife，such as the big cats in Africa．Their filmmaking，with real events and （1），is a way to let the world understand the importance of wildlife．Their recent film Staying Alive （2）a relationship between lions and other wild animals in Africa．When a wildlifeorganization sent the couple the information about the （3）number of big cats，especially lions，they immediately agreed to take part．Richard grew up near a wildlife park and loved to （4）what he saw with his camera as achild．And Sonia，in South Africa，often ran alone to explore the wild environment around her home，which worried her parents．They met at university in Cape Town，and soon they realized how muchthey had in common．Both of them were （5）about the natural world．When asked what they found hardest about their work，the couple have the sameanswer﹣leaving an area and finishing a project．Sonia （6）that the time may be limited，andthings like hot weather，dust and bugs （昆虫）make it very tiring．The excitement of her work comesfrom discovering something new for science，（7）Richard takes most interest in spending timewith animals，getting to know their character．If you'd like a similar career，Richard suggests that you learn different areas of （8），ratherthan learning filmmaking，because an understanding of the natural world will last forever．Thecouple also give advice for people who want to help protect the environment．"It's important to payattention to your daily life，" she explains．" （9）personal electronic items will bring you closerto the natural world，" she says．"You can watch the nature instead of playing with your mobilephone．" Both of them agree that more animals will be lost without rapid （10）．However，somehope for the future is that more teenagers are joining in protecting wildlife．（1）A．facts B．areas C．ideas D．parts（2）A．created B．compared C．explored D．developed（3）A．rising B．changing C．falling D．lasting（4）A．report B．require C．repeat D．record（5）A．worried B．curious C．happy D．serious（6）A．agrees B．means C．adds D．shows（7）A．while B．whether C．since D．though（8）A．geography B．physics C．chemistry D．biology（9）A．Taking out B．Turning off C．Picking up D．Handing out（10）A．control B．action C．support D．treatment三、阅读理解17．（3分）CELEBRITY PROFILEWe all know katniss everdeen in The Hunger Games，but who is the actress who plays her，Jennifer Lawrence？Fast FactsName：Jennifer Shrader LawrencePlace of birth：Kentucky，USADate of birth：August 15，1990Jen's familyMother：Karen LawrenceFather：Gary LawrenceBrothers：Ben and Blaine LawrenceDid you know？Jennifer has never had acting classes．Whe she was a child Jennifer liked sports and she played hockey and basketb all for an all﹣boys team．She also worked as a model．At the age of 14she knew she wanted to be an actress，so she went to New York City to look for work．She appeared in advertisements for MTV and the fashion company H&M and got work as an actress on TV．Her family moved to Los Angeles so that Jennifer could work on TV and in films．In 2010she acted in the film Winter's Bone and she was nominated for many awards including an Oscar．In 2012she starred in the film The Hunger Games as Katniss Everdeen．When she isn't working．Jen likes painting，surfing and playing the guitar．（1）How many people are there in Jennifer's family？A．Three．B．Four．C．Five．D．Six．（2）Where did Jennifer go to look for work when she was fourteen？A．Kentucky．B．Texas．C．Los Angeles．D．New York．（3）Which of the following sentences about Jennifer is NOT true？A．Jennifer took acting classes at school．B．Jennifer acted in The Hunger Games in 2012．C．Jennifer had the Oscar nomination for Winter's Bone．D．Jennifer liked playing boys' games when she was a child．18．（3分）My dog and I take walk down the street，And we say "hello" to people we meet．There's Mike the baker，outside of his shop．As we get closer he tells us to stop．He gives me a piece of freshly baked cake，And out of his pocket a biscuit for Jake．There's Mrs．McGinn，a teacher from school．She has two children，a dog and a pool．Say "hi" to Rory，who works on his truck．It won't get started so we wish him luck．Along comes Bridget who just learned to drive．She gives Jake a pat and me a high﹣five．We're back from our walk，the mail truck now parks．I know that it's there since Jake always barks．It's Bill the mailman who never comes late．Arriving at noon，he opens the gate．"Here's your mail now for house number three．""Does Jake save that bark for when he sees me？"（1）Which word probably describes Mike best？A．Helpful．B．Young．C．Cheerful．D．Kind．（2）Which fact about the mailman is TRUE？A．He is usually running late．B．He always gives Jake a biscuit．C．He comes at about 12 every day．D．He sometimes forgets the house number．（3）Which piece of information is NOT mentioned in the poem？A．The first name of the mailman．B．The first name of Jake's owner．C．Where Jake and his owner are walking．D．The house number where Jake and his owner live．19．（4分）Rick is a student at an expensive private university．He is lucky because he has a wonderful offer from the university's sports department．He can study for free because he is a great basketball player，and the team needs him．But Rick likes going to parties more than studying．He goes out with his friends four or five times a week．Rick misses a lot of classes because he usually doesn't feel well in the morning after partying all night．He tries to do his best at basketball practice，but he feels sick there sometimes，too．Rick gets some teammates to go out with him on a Wednesday night．They are all having lots of fun very late that night and drinking a lot．They decide to play basketball outside．As they play，one teammate falls and breaks his arm．They have to take him to the hospital，and they are all very upset．Naturally，Rick's coach is very angry．"I spoke to your teachers，" his coach says．"You miss lots of classes and your grades are very bad．And if you do not improve your grades，you will have to leave the team and the university．You have some thinking to do．" Rick is shocked at his coach's words．He does not want to leave the team! He thinks about his parents and his grandparents．They are so proud of him，and his little brother told Rick he was his hero．Rick knows that he can do much better．Rick wants to show his family and his team that he is responsible．And most of all，his dream is to play basketball at a big university! He will not throw it away by partying and drinking too much．From now on，Rick decides to be temperate （节制的）and enjoy what he loves most．（1）Which of the following about Rick is TRUE？A．Rick likes studying more than he likes going to parties．B．Rick decides not to party and drink too much any longer．C．Rick misses a lot of classes because he practices playing basketball．D．Rick studies in the university for free because he does well in all subjects．（2）What does "shocked" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean？A．Very angry．B．Very helpless．C．Very nervous．D．Very surprised．（3）Which is the correct order according to the passage？①Rick's coach is very angry with his bad grades．②One of Rick's teammates falls and breaks his arm．③Rick enters an expensive private university．④Rick often goes to parties instead of studying．⑤Rick decides to do his best to study and practice harder．A．③﹣④﹣②﹣①﹣⑤B．④﹣③﹣⑤﹣②﹣①C．③﹣④﹣①﹣②﹣⑤D．⑤﹣③﹣④﹣②﹣①（4）What is the best title for this passage？A．Never give upB．Never show offC．Better late than neverD．Practice makes perfect20．（5分）Dear Editor，I am writing with regards to the article "Is the TV Dead？" that appeared in yournewspaper on March 4th．The author said that with the rise of the Internet，the TV was becoming less and less important in our lives．I find it very difficult to agree with this view （观点）．The TV is still the main way most of usget our entertainment at home．It offers us the chance to see top musical artists，great films and documentaries and sometimes，thanks to important televised events，it has the power to bring the whole nation and all ages together in a way which the Internetnever could．Your article was especially critical （批判的）of the TV for the poor quality of programmes we now have．It is certainly true that many of the channels offer nothing more than repeats or low budget （预算）programmes．However，I would argue （辩论）that the most of content on the Internet is also of questionable quality．I agree that it is easy to keep up﹣to﹣date with the latest news on the Internet，but I'm sure most of us still enjoy sitting down to the News on TV in the evening just as much．The writer is correct in saying that the Internet has become our major source （来源）for research and I think this is its main strength．However，criticizing （批评）the TV for not being as good is completely unfair．Information programmes like documentaries are made as entertainment not as research tools，and they will continue to be popular with viewers．So I don't think the writer should be so quick to write the TV off．Just the opposite，I think it has many more years left in it!Yours sincerely，Samantha Johnson（1）Why is Samantha writing this letter to the newspaper？A．To make a complaint．B．To offer a different view．C．To encourage people to watch more TV．D．To advise people to use the Internet less．（2）What is Samantha's main view about TV？A．TV is the major source for research．B．TV is a way of getting entertainment．C．TV is in trouble because of the Internet．D．TV brings the whole nation and all ages together．（3）Which is the biggest problem with TV in Samantha's view？A．It can't be used as a research tool．B．It's unpopular among young people．C．It has few entertainment programmes．D．The quality of some programmes is poor．（4）What does Samantha think is the best use of the Internet？A．To buy products．B．To have more fun．C．To find information．D．To get the latest news．（5）Which word can describe how Samantha feels about TV？A．Satisfied．B．Excited．C．Stressed．D．Worried．四、填空题21．（1分）Each student is allowed to（借）three books from the school library ata time．22．（1分）When the police found the lost child three hours later，he was too hungry，（口渴的）andtired to stand．23．（1分）﹣Have you seen my Maths book？﹣I saw it（在某处），but I can't remember exactly where．24．（1分）Nancy gets on well with the other students，and feels that without them she might have been（孤独的）．25．（1分）Alipay，named by foreigners as one of the new "great（发明）" of China，saves us thetrouble of carrying wallets．26．（1分）We often have different ideas．As a result，we find（we）in heated discussions．27．（1分）Forty years' practice has proved that opening﹣up is China's wise （choose）．28．（1分）Yesterday I saw a man parking his bicycle by the street and he（care）knocked overseveral bicycles．What a shame!29．（1分）If there is something that will be different from the past，it will be that China will open even（wide）．30．（1分）﹣Sorry，Linda．I have to go to Mr．Brown's office．﹣It doesn't matter．I don't mind（wait） a little longer．31．（5分）Michael：M；Susan：SM：Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon，Susan？S：What meeting？M：It's about environmental （1）．More ways should be found，so that the world will be saved inthe future．S：I agree．I think the environmental problems weren't taken seriously in the past，and a lot ofpeople still don't （2）it enough．M：Yes，you are right．For example，look at all the lights that are left on （3）! S：And a lot of water （4）every day，just in our houses．M：Exactly! These are all important things，but there is much more to do! Look around you．Why isso much paper thrown away？Put it in the （5）box，so that it can be recycled! S：Oh，dear．I left my computer on all day today! Yes，I'm coming to the meeting．五、阅读填空32．（10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中第1 ﹣10 小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：每个空格只填1个单词．请将答案填写在答题卡标号为﹣10 的相应横线上．Teens Now is a successful music magazine for teenagers that lists who is playing，where and whenand how to get tickets．Interviews with well﹣known singers and groups as well as detailed biographies are included．It also gives its readers the chance to send in their own articles．NS Teens magazine is well﹣known for its wildlife and environmental content but it also has articleson the history and culture of people from around the world．Some of the articles are long anddetailed but the magazine is also famous for its fantastic photo﹣journalism．There are also lettersfrom readers as well as maps and fact sheets．Some leading journalists （记者）write for Teen People，a music magazine aimed at the teen market．There are interviews with new bands （乐队）as well as the latest news on recordings，tours andfestivals．A popular feature is the annual reader's vote for the best new band．Teenplus is very different from the most other teen magazines that simply offer articles on pop starsand fashion．This exciting new magazine tells readers about what is happening in the world throughits articles on current affairs （时事），politics and science．It also offers a number of reviews onrecent books，films and music CDs．The only environmental magazine written by teenagers for teenagers is Young W B．Readers areinvited to send their articles and photographs to the magazine's offices and material is chosen forthe next issue．As well as articles about the natural world，the magazine also has manyspecial offersand competitions．No journalists write for Teen Voice．This magazine depends completely on articles sent in by itsteenage readers．It gives young people the chance to publish their creative work，such as poems orshort work of fiction or to voice their opinions on important problems．33．（10分）请根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1 ﹣10的相应位置上．Early people had no need for money．Each family group hunted for，found，or grewwhat itneeded．Then life became less simple．People traded goods and services．As e （1）as 9 ，000 yearsago，people bought things with cattle （牲畜）．Cattle became a way to measure （衡量）something'sworth．Later the Chinese may have been the f （2）to use metal for money．About 4 ，000 years ago，metal money was common in places outside China too．The value of a piece of metal depended on its w （3），so scales （秤）were needed when things were bought．The small pieces of metal were formed in theshapes of money later on．Three thousand years ago，g （4）and silver were used for money pieces．These metals wereoften s （5）into rings．People wore their money before they spent it．The g （6）madedifferent coins for different values．The first known coins were round and flat and were made about2 ，650 years ago in Turkey．Sailors brought these coins to Greece．The Romans started using coins about 2 ，300 years ago．Their coins spread t （7）Europe，and their system of money was used throughout the Middle Ages，especially in England．TheMiddle Ages began about 1 ，500 years ago and l （8）until about 650 years ago．Many people think our coins today aren't worth much．Their real value has gone d （9），because coins are no longer made of silver or gold．But we s （10）use coins a lot．Every day inthe US，enough quarters （二角五分的硬币）are used in coin﹣run games to cover more than tenfootball fields．That's more than 70 million quarters every day．六、书面表达34．（15分）假设你是阳光中学的张红，你家将作为友好家庭接待来自美国的交流学生Amy．请根据Amy 的邮件内容，用英语给她写一封回信．Dear Zhang Hong，I'm so happy to have the chance to study and live with you．I can't wait to leave for Nanjing．I am curious about the study and life in Nanjing．Would you please tell me about that？Is your school far from home？What is your school like？Are there any special courses for us to learn？Do you have any plans for our weekends？I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon．Yours，Amy 注意：1．文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2．语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3．词数80 左右，信的开头已经给出，不计入总词数．Dear Amy，I am very glad to receive your e﹣mail．Welcome to my home and my school．Yours sincerely，Zhang Hong2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．【分析】﹣﹣对不起，请问去虹桥饭店的路怎么走？﹣﹣走过南京银行，一直往前走，你就会看到它在你的右边．【解答】考查介词．A超过．B经过．C沿着．D穿过．结合语境"﹣﹣对不起，请问去虹桥饭店的路怎么走？﹣﹣走过南京银行，一直往前走，你就会看到它在你的右边．"．可知，walk past走过，经过．故选：B．【点评】考查介词用法，这个知识点很广泛，有一些固定用法，需要日常积累，结合语境选择正确介词完成习题．2．【分析】﹣﹣杰克是个腼腆的年轻人．﹣﹣那是真的．他在人们面前讲话时总是感到紧张．【解答】考查形容词．A友好的．B害羞的、腼腆的．C诚实的．D活泼的．结合语境"﹣﹣杰克是个__年轻人．﹣﹣那是真的．他在人们面前讲话时总是感到紧张．"．可知，应该是"腼腆的"．故选：B．【点评】形容词的种类有很多，要根据具体语境选择适当的形容词．抓住关键词语，分析用法，完成试题．3．【分析】﹣恐怕你看起来比以前胖了．﹣是的．我需要开始锻炼而且恢复体型．【解答】A尺寸，大小；B高度；C款式；D形状．根据句意"我需要开始锻炼而且恢复体型．"可知要填"形状，体型"．故选：D．【点评】名词词意辨析，要牢记单词的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案．4．【分析】﹣你认为我适合担任扶手俱乐部的主席吗？﹣除非你有社区工作的经验否则很难．【解答】while当……时候；if如果；unless除非；because因为．结合句意：﹣你认为我适合担任扶手俱乐部的主席吗？﹣除非你有社区工作的经验否则很难．故选：C．【点评】本题考查连词的辨析，熟记词的用法及结合语境是解答本题的关键．5．【分析】﹣你这个学期选择什么，DIY还是STEM？﹣我都不喜欢．我更喜欢摄影．【解答】both两个都；either两者之一；none三个或三个以上都不；neither两者都不．结合句意：﹣你这个学期选择什么，DIY还是STEM？﹣我都不喜欢．我更喜欢摄影．摄影既不是DIY，也不是STEM．故选：D．【点评】本题考查代词的辨析，熟记词的用法及结合语境是解答本题的关键．6．【分析】根据当地的规定，12岁以下的儿童不允许在南京骑自行车．【解答】考查情态动词．A不必．B不应该．C不允许．D可能不．结合语境"根据当地的规定，12岁以下的儿童__在南京骑自行车．"．可知，应该是"不允许"．故选：C．【点评】情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语．否定形式通常在后面加not．要注意情态动词的不同用法．7．【分析】﹣﹣你能告诉我如何开始这个网络游戏吗？﹣﹣当然，只需点击电脑图标并按照指示．【解答】考查副词．A简单地、仅仅、只需．B几乎不．C几乎．D主要地．结合语境"﹣﹣你能告诉我如何开始这个网络游戏吗？﹣﹣当然，__点击电脑图标并按照指示．"．可知，应该是"仅仅、只需"．故选：A．【点评】副词通常用来修饰动词或句子，这里修饰动词，要结合语境，辨析副词用法，选择合适答案完成试题．8．【分析】﹣﹣嗨，萨姆，你在什么地方见过林老师？﹣﹣我刚才看见他的时候，他正在学校门口和一个家长谈话．【解答】过去进行时表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，其构成是：was/were+doing．根据"when I saw him just now．"因此可知这句话的意思是"我刚才看见他的时候，他正在学校门口和一个家长谈话．"所以要用过去进行时来填空．故选：B．【点评】首先要掌握过去进行时的用法及构成，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案．9．【分析】据报道，在过去的几年里，南京的汽车数量增加了大约250，000辆．【解答】从during the past few years．判断句子使用现在完成时，构成have/has+动词的过去分词，而主语是the number of，后面用has．故选：C．【点评】本题主要考查现在完成时，用法：表示过去发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，还表示过去发生动作一直持续到现在．其结构是have/has+及物动词的过去分词．此题注意短暂性动词和延续性动词区别．10．【分析】﹣今天你穿着新套装真漂亮．﹣谢谢，但是说实话，我买它几年了．【解答】根据句意"谢谢，但是说实话，我买它几年了．"可知要用现在完成时．故可排除AC．再根据句中的时间状语for a quite few years 可知要用延续性动词，故可排除B．故选：D．【点评】排除比较法．根据上下文意思或时间状语，推断出合适的时态，排除错误的答案，然后再比较剩下的选择项，从而做出正确的答案．11．【分析】我妈妈想让我去一所著名的私立学校读书．但选择这所学校结果是我做过的最好的决定之一．【解答】A结果是，B计算出，C扑灭，D出现，出版；根据预猜句意"但选择这所学校结果是我做过的最好的决定之一．"可知，要填"turns out"．故选：A．【点评】考查动词短语，要牢记动词短语的词意及用法，进行比较分析，选择正确答案．12．【分析】汤姆今天早上迟到了，他又说他的闹钟没有吵醒他，但我永远也不相信．句子中的"buy"意思是"相信"．【解答】选项A意为：相信，选项B意为：希望，选项C意为：证明．选项D意为：理解．结合句意：汤姆今天早上迟到了，他又说他的闹钟没有吵醒他，但我永远也不相信．句子中的"buy"意思是"相信"．故选：A．【点评】本题考查动词的辨析．理解句意并熟记词义是解答本题的关键．13．【分析】﹣﹣我听说考试后我们要去紫金山旅行．﹣﹣这还不错．但是我想知道那天是否会下大雨．【解答】根据But I wonder 可知，本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句中一般为陈述语序，选项AB是疑问语序，所以排除掉；再根据wonder，可知这里表示想知道，含有疑问的语气，用if或者whether引导．故选：C．【点评】本题考查宾语从句，做题时注意三要素时态、语序和引导词．本题先考虑语序问题，再根据句子的上下文的意思，做出选择．14．【分析】﹣打扰了．你认为我能借你的字典吗？﹣当然，请自便．它在我的书包里．【解答】根据﹣Excuse me．Do you think I could borrow your dictionary？打扰了．你认为我能借你的字典吗？结合It's in my schoolbag它在我的书包里，可知选项A"可以，请自便"符合语境．故选：D．【点评】正确理解情景对话的话题，结合语境，给出答案．15．【分析】﹣﹣琳达在体育课上摔断了腿，被送往医院．﹣﹣听到这个消息我很难过．我希望她很快就会好起来．【解答】A戴安娜的父母不允许她和我们一起去野营．B琳达在体育课上摔断了腿，被送往医院．C尽管艾米努力学习，但她的数学考试还是不及格．D真遗憾！莉莉在400米赛跑中得了第二名．根据后句"听到这个消息我很难过．我希望她很快就会好起来．"可知，要填"琳达在体育课上摔断了腿，被送往医院．"，其它选项语意不通．故选：B．【点评】考查情景对话，要根据所表达的内容，用正确的单词和短语、恰当的句型和准确的时态．二、完形填空16．【分析】短文讲了Richard和Sonia Muller制作了关于野生动物的纪录片，详细的介绍了他们是如何研究野生动物和希望更多的青少年加入到保护野生动物的行列中来．【解答】（1）A 考查名词．A．facts事实，真相；B．areas区域；C．ideas 主意；D．parts部分．根据前句Their film making，with real events，可知结合选项，应说他们的电影制作，真实事件的事实．故选A．（2）C 考查动词．A．created创造；B．compared比较；C．explored探索；D．developed 发展．根据前后句Their recent film Staying Alive…a relationship between lions and other wild animals in Africa．可知结合选项，应说他们最近的电影在非洲探索了狮子和其他野生动物之间的关系．故选C．（3）C 考查动词．A．rising上升；B．changing 改变；C．falling 下降；D．lasting 持续．根据后句number of big cats，especially lions，可知结合选项，应说当一个野生动物组织向这对夫妇发送关于大型猫科动物数量减少的信息，尤其是狮子故选C．（4）D 考查动词．A．report报告；B．require 需求；C．repeat 重复；D．record 记录．根据前句Richard grew up near a wildlife park．Richard在一个野生动物园附近长大，可知结合选项，应说喜欢像孩子一样用相机记录他看到的东西．故选D．（5）B 考查形容词．A．worried担心的；B．curious好奇的；C．happy高兴的；D．serious 严肃的．根据前句soon they realized how much they had in common．不久，他们意识到他们有多么的共同之处．可知结合选项，应说他们都对自然世界很好奇．故选B．（6）C 考查动词．A．agrees同意；B．means打算；C．adds增加；D．shows 演示．根据前句the couple have the same answer﹣leaving an area and finishing a project．这对夫妇有同样的答案﹣﹣离开一个区域，完成一个项目．可知结合选项，应说索尼亚补充说，时间可能是有限的，像炎热的天气、灰尘和虫子之类的东西使它非常累人．故选C．（7）A 考查连词．A．while 当…时；B．whether 是否；C．since自…以来；D．though 虽然，尽管．根据前后句The excitement of her work comes from discovering something new for science，…Richard takes mos t interest in spending time with animals，getting to know their character．可知结合选项，应说她工作的兴奋来自于发现科学的新东西，而理查德最感兴趣的是花时间和动物在一起，了解他们的性格．故选A．（8）D 考查名词．A．geography地理；B．physics 物理；C．chemistry化学；D．biology 生物．根据后句because an understanding of the natural world will last forever．因为对自然世界的理解将永远存在．可知结合选项，应说如果你想要一个类似的职业，Richard建议你学习不同的生物学领域．故选D．（9）B 考查短语．A．Taking out提炼；B．Turning off 关掉；C．Picking up捡起；D．Handing out 分发．根据后句You can watch the nature instead of playing with your mobile phone．"你可以看大自然，而不是玩手机．可知结合选项，应说关掉个人电子产品会让你更接近自然世界，"她说．故选B．（10）B 考查名词．A．control控制；B．action 行动；C．support支持；D．treatment 治疗，处理．根据前句Both of them agree that more animals will be lost without rapid…，可知结合选项，应说他们都认为如果没有快速行动，就会失去更多的动物．故选B．【点评】完形填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词、等实词，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．三、阅读理解17．【分析】短文讲了Jennifer Shrader Lawrence，详细的介绍了她的家庭成员，及其她的爱好和取得的一些成就等．【解答】1．C 细节理解题．根据第七行句子Jen's family：Mother：Karen Lawrence；Father：Gary Lawrence；Brothers：Ben and Blaine Lawrence．和Jen．可知在Jennifer的家里有5口人，故选C．2．D 细节理解题．根据倒数第四行句子At the age of 14she knew she wanted to be an actress，so she went to New York City to look for work．14岁时，她知道自己想当演员，于是就去纽约找工作．可知当她14岁的时候，Jennifer去纽约找工作．故选D．3．A 细节判断题．根据最后一段句子When she was a child Jennifer liked sports and she played hockey and basketb all for an all﹣boys team．当她还是个孩子的时候，Jennifer 喜欢运动，她打曲棍球和篮球都是为了全男孩子队．和she was nominated for many awards including an Oscar．In 2012she starred in the film The Hunger Games as Katniss Everdeen．她获得了许多奖项，包括奥斯卡奖．2012年，她在电影饥饿游戏中饰演凯特尼斯伊夫丁．可知结合选项，Jennifer在学校上了表演课是错误的．故选A．【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案．18．【分析】这是一则有趣的押韵诗，描述了作者在街上的所见所闻．【解答】1．D 推理判断题．由There's Mike the baker，outside of his shop．As we get closer he tells us to stop．He gives me a piece of freshly baked cake，And out of his pocket a biscuit for Jake可知Mike是一个烘焙师，她给了我一块现烧的蛋糕，给了Jake一块饼干，由此可知他是友善的，选D．2．C 推理判断题．由It's Bill the mailman who never comes late．Arriving at noon，he opens the gate可知邮递员从来不迟到，在中午到，由此可推测他到的时间是12点，选C．3．B 细节理解题．全文提到了烘焙师的名词Mike，狗的名词Jake，老师的姓McGinn，卡车司机Rory，刚学会开车的Bridget，邮递员Bill，唯独没有提到"我"的名字，"我"是Jake的主人，选B．【点评】本文主要考查点是推理判断与细节理解，需要结合文章中的细节信息，联系问题，进行推理．19．【分析】本文讲述了Rick是一个很棒的篮球运动员，但他沉迷于去聚会，以至于荒废了训练，成绩越来越差，他的教练告诉他如果再这样下去，他就得离开球队与学校了，Rick重新思考了一下，他想起了自己的家人，于是决定克制自己．【解答】1．B 推理判断题．由Rick decides to be temperate （节制的）and enjoy what he loves most可知Rick决定克制自己并做自己最喜欢做的事情，由此可推断他决定不再老是去聚会喝酒了，选B．2．D 词义猜测题．由You miss lots of classes and your grades are very bad．And if you do not improve your grades，you will have to leave the team and the university．You have some thinking to do可知Rick错过了许多课，成绩很差，如果再这样下去，就得离开学校和球队，由He does not want to leave the team可知Rick是不想离开球队，由此可知他对教练的话是感到吃惊的，选D．3．A 细节理解题．由Rick is a student at an expensive private university可知Rick上了一所私立大学，接下来由But Rick likes going to parties more than studying可知Rick经常去聚会而不是去学习，接下来由one teammate falls and breaks his arm可知一个队友摔倒了并伤到了手臂，接下来由Rick's coach is very angry可知Rick的教练很生气，最后由Rick decides to be temperate （节制的）and enjoy what he loves most可知Rick 决定克制自己并做自己最喜欢做的事情．由以上可以得出正确的排序，选A．4．C 主旨大意题．本文主要讲的是Rick沉迷于聚会而荒废了训练，但在教练的警醒下，。
江苏省南京市鼓楼区 2017-2018 学年度九年级第二学期中考第二次调研数学考试答案
⎩ 2018 年鼓楼区数学二模（答案）一、选择题（共 6 小题，每小题 2 分，共 12 分） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 答案CDBACC题号 7 8 91011答案 2；2 1.05 ⨯10-59- 6-1 ≤ x < 3题号 12 13 14 1516答案-492（ -4 ，3）-513 或175 5第 16 题解析：如图，作 MH ⊥AB①当 M 在线段 BC 上时 ∵∠CAM +∠CBA =45°，∠ACB =90° A∴∠BAM =45° ∵AC =2，BC =3∴AB = 在Rt △BHM 中，设 MH =2x ，易知 BH =3x 在Rt △AHM 中，AH =MH =2xBM CM'∴ x =13，BM = 513x = 13 5 ②当 M 在 BC 延长线上时，易知 MC = M 'C = 2 5∴ BM ' =175三、解答题17. （6 分） 解：原式=(a + b )(a - b ) ⨯aab a - b=a +b b将a = 2 ， b = -1 代入上式，得原式= -118. （8 分） ⎧x = 4解：⑴ ⎨y = -113H⎩⎧a = 3 ⑵ ⎨b = -119. （8 分）证明：⑴连接 DE 、BF∵DF ∥BE ，DF =BE∴四边形 DFBE 是平行四边形 ∴DO =BO ，EO =FO 又∵AE =CF ∴AO =CO又∵DO =BO∴四边形 ABCD 是平行四边形 ⑵∵AC 平分∠BAD ∴∠CAD =∠CAB 又∵DC ∥AB∴∠DCA =∠CAB∴∠CAD =∠DCA ∴AD =DC 又∵OA =OC ∴DO ⊥AC ∴AC ⊥BD注：此处有一个误区要注意，不能直接用角平分线+平行四边形的组合推出菱形20. （8 分） 解：⑴150；108⑵补全条形图如下所示测试成绩各等级人数条形统计图人数一般 良好 优秀 等级⑶良好： 2000 ⨯ 50% = 1000 （人）；优秀： 2000 ⨯ 30% = 600 （人），总共 1600 人A D 45°64.5°H M21. （8 分）解：⑴13⑵树状图如下所示共有9 种等可能的结果，其中符合要求的结果有3 种，记经过2 次传花后，花恰好回到甲手中为事件A，P（A）=3=1．9 3⑶=注：可以在上述树状图的基础上再写1 次，较直观；共27 种等可能情况，回到甲手中有6 种，乙、丙、丁均为7 种．22. （7 分）解：⑴设第一次购买图书时进价为x 元∴1500-1200=10 (1 + 20%)x x解得x=5；经检验，x=5 是方程的解答：第一次购买图书，进价为每本 5 元．⑵设每本降价 a 元，由题意得第二次买书时进价为6 元，一共购买了250 本书∴1200⨯ (10 - 5) + 200 ⨯ (10 - 6) + (250 - 200) ⨯ (10 -a - 6) ≥ 2100 5解得：a ≤ 2答：每本至多降价 2 元．23. （8 分）解：如图，作DH⊥FG，设DH=x，则CG =DH =x F 在△FCG 中，FG =CG ⋅ tan 64.5︒= 2.1x在△FDH 中，FH =DH =x∴ HG =FG -FH = 22即1.1x = 22解得x = 20∴FG = 2.1x = 42 （m）24.（8 分）解：⑴令y=0，则x2-(m + 2)x + 2m -1= 0∆=b2 - 4ac= (m + 2)2 - 4(2m -1)=m2 - 4m + 8= (m - 2)2 + 4 > 0∴方程总有两个不相等的实数根，则该函数图像与x 轴总有两个公共点；⑵∵图像与y 轴交点坐标为（0 ，3）∴m= 2∴原函数解析式为：y =x2 - 4x + 3①令y = 0 ，解得x1= 1 ，x2 = 3∴与x 轴交点坐标为：（1 ，0）和（3 ，0）；②-1 ≤y < 825.（8 分）解：⑴慢车出发 3.5 小时之后，快车在距离甲地280km 处追上慢车；⑵80；120；⑶①慢车到达乙地所需时间为400= 5 h，快车到达乙地时间是4.5h 80∴慢车比快车晚到达0.5 小时；②快车从甲地到乙地共需要：400=10h，所以中途休息了4.5 - 0.5 -10=2小时．120 3 3 326.（9 分）解：⑴证明：连接OD∵ D 是BC 的中点，O 是AB 的中点∴OD 为△ABC 中位线∴OD∥AC∵∠AFD=90°∴∠ODF=90°∴DF⊥OD又∵D 为半径OD 外端∴DF 是⊙O 的切线⑵∵∠ABD+∠AED=180°∠DEF+∠AED=180°∴∠ABD=∠DEF又∵∠ADB=∠DFE=90°∴△DEF∽△ABD⑶25π6注：过C 作CG⊥AB 交AB 于点G，连接OM 易知四边形MOGC 为矩形∴MO=CG=5在Rt△AGC 中，AC=AB=10，CG=5∴∠CAG=30°∴∠BAD=15°，则弧AD 的度数为150°∴弧长为150⨯10π=25 π360 6MKEE MB CKGMKEE MQ B CKK27.（11 分）解：⑴作 AK 的垂直平分线，与 AD 交点即为 P ；⑵ ∠BKM = 30︒ ， MK = 6A D⑶ 提示：如图，取 BK 中点 G ，连接 EG ，MGF易知△BMG 为正三角形N由手拉手模型可知△FBM ≌△EBG∴FM =EG ，其中 G 为定点，E 为 MN 上动点 BC∴当 GE ⊥MN 时有最小值 ⑷ KE = 4 或 6 或 8 或 12，情况如下图：第一种情况，如图，BE 平分∠ABK ，则∠ABE =∠KBE =30°，所以 KE = BE = BQ = 4A (T) DA DNTM (E )NQB C Q B C第二种情况，如图，T 在射线 KE 上，M 点与 E 点重合，KE =6 第三种情况，如图，连接 ET ，EQ A D∵∠EKB =∠KBC =30° ∴EK ∥QB 又∵EK =QB ∴四边形 EKBQ 是平行四边形∵EQ =BK =BT ，EK =ET =BQ N∴△EQT ≌△BTQ （SSS ）∴∠EQT =∠BTQ =90° ∴EQ ∥TB又∵EQ =TB 易证四边形 EBTQ 是矩形 ∴∠EBK =90°，KE =8注：∠EKB =∠EQB ，∠EKB =∠ETB ，则∠EQB =∠ETB T则 E 、Q 、T 、B 四点共圆，则 BQ =ET 均为直径，∠EBT =90° （此方法较容易解释，课内不能直接使用）第四种情况，易知∠KBE =∠TBE =120°，则 BK =BE ， KE = 3BK = 12ADNQT33。
南京市鼓楼区初三物理二模试卷(含答案)
南京市鼓楼区2018年初三物理二模试卷（本卷满分100 分，考试时间90 分钟）（本卷g 取10N/kg）一、选择题（本题12 小题，每小题 2 分，共24 分．每小题给出的四个选项中只有一个选项符合题意）1. 下列各种物质微粒中，空间尺度最小的是（）A、夸克 B.原子 C.中子 D.原子核2. 在进行下列改变后，主要是增大声音响度的操作是（）3. 下列数据中，符合实际情况的是（）A、我国高铁的速度普遍达到250m/sB、成人指甲盖的宽度约为1.0cmC、手机的功率一般约为100WD、在高原上用普通锅烧开水时沸点高于100℃4. 下列情景中，不能说明物质分子永不停息做无规则运动的是（）5. 如图是小明家的木质“百叶窗”，它能够通过改变叶片的“角度”，有效控制太阳光进入室内的多少，这种控制光线的原理是利用了光的（）A、色散规律B、直线传播规律C、反射规律D、折射规律6. 如图所示，木块从水平地面上P 点以速度v 向右运动冲上斜面，最终停在斜面上的Q 点．对于这个过程，下列说法中正确的是（）A、木块在Q 点静止时，重力和摩擦力二力平衡B、木块在斜面上所受摩擦力方向始终沿斜面向下C、木块的动能没有全部转化为重力势能D、木块能冲上斜面是因为木块受到了惯性作用7. 下列物态变化，需要吸热的是（）A、早春，皑皑的白雪开始消融B、初夏，远远的旷野蒙上白雾C、深秋，红红的苹果蒙上白霜D、严冬，静静的池塘覆上薄冰8. 下列事例中，有一个作用原理与其他三个不相同，这个事例是（）9. 两个底面积不等的圆柱形容器，分别盛有甲乙两种不同的液体，将两个完全相同的小球分别浸入这两种液体中，小球静止时的位置如图所示，此时两液面刚好齐平．若将这两小球从液体中取出，则液体对容器底部的压强的变化量△p 甲、△p乙的大小关系是（）A、△p甲一定小于△p 乙B、△p甲一定等于△p 乙C、△p甲一定大于△p 乙D、△p甲可能小于△p 乙10. 在如图所示的电路中，电源电压不变，R 为滑动变阻器，在a、b 间接有“6V 6W”的小灯泡L1，闭合开关后，移动滑动变阻器滑片P，使L1 恰好正常发光．若取下灯泡L1，保持滑片P 的位置不变，在进行下列正确操作后，符合物理规律的选项是（）A、把电流表接在a、b 时，电流表的示数是1.0AB、把电压表接在a、b 时，电压表的示数是6.0VC、把“6V 6W”的小灯泡L2 接在a、b 时，L2 能正常发光D、把阻值为6Ω 的电炉丝接在a、b 时，发热功率是6W11. 如图甲所示是“探究不同物质吸热升温的现象”实验装置．用相同的酒精灯分别对a、b 两液体加热，根据测得数据分别描绘出两液体的温度随时间变化的图象如图乙．不计液体热量散失，分别用m a、m b、c a、c b 表示a、 b 两液体的质量和比热容，现有以下判断：（1）若m a=m b，则c a＞c b （2）若m a=m b，则c a＜c b（3）若c a=c b，则m a＞m b （4）若c a=c b，则m a＜m b其中正确的是（）A、（1）（3）B、（1）（4）C、（2）（3）D、（2）（4）12. 如图甲是灯泡L 和定值电阻R 的U﹣I 关系图象．将L 和R 先后以乙图和丙图两种方式接在同一电源上（电压不变）．若乙图中的U1：U2=m，丙图中I1：I2=n，则下列判断中正确的是（）A、m=nB、m＞nC、m＜nD、mn=1二、填空题（本题共7 小题，每空 1 分，共26 分）13. 硅、锗等半导体材料的导电能力比铜、铁等金属的导电能力________（选填“强”或“弱”）．某些物质在温度很低时，电阻变为________，这就是超导现象．如果能制造出常温下的超导体，它可以在________（选填序号：①用作电吹风的电热丝②用作白炽灯的灯丝③用作输电线中的电缆）情境中得到应用．14. 某品牌电热水壶的额定功率1.0kW，正常工作时，6min 时间消耗的电能是________kW·h.不计热量损失，能使1kg 的水温度升高________℃.（已知水的比热容是c=4.2×103J/kg·℃）15. 具有我国自主知识产权的C919 大型客机102 架机，2018 年3 月24 日在上海浦东国际机场顺利完成了首飞后的第 5 次试飞．（1）飞机从地面起飞时的速度78.8________（填一恰当的单位），远大于一般轿车在高速公路上的正常行驶速度．（2）飞机起飞时，发动机尾部向后高速地喷出了燃气，从而使飞机向前运动．这里用到的物理原理是________．（3）飞机正常飞行时，试乘员（参与试飞检测的工程技术人员）透过舷窗看自己所乘飞机的“机翼”是运动的，他判断的依据是“机翼”相对于“地面上山丘”的_______发生了改变．16. 随着物质生活水平的提高，小轿车已经走进了我们普通的家庭.小明家最近也购买了一辆轿车.请根据下列提供的信息回答相关问题．（1）甲图是轿车车顶“外掀式天窗”，行驶时，如果天窗后部稍微向上掀开，车内的污浊空气就能被自动“抽出”，这里应用的物理原理是________________________．（2）当该轿车汽油机的转速为2400r/min 时，在1s 内汽油机每个气缸里活塞对外做功的冲程次数是________.（3）小明通过上网查阅得到这款轿车发动机输出功率与转速的关系如图乙所示；小明又通过父亲了解到，当车速是100km/h 时，发动机转速是2000r/min，平均油耗为9L/100km．分析上述信息可知：当这辆汽车以100km/h 匀速行驶时，1 小时发动机所做的有用功为________J，消耗汽油产生的内能________J，此时发动机的效率约为________.（已知汽油的热值为4.6×107J/kg，密度为0.8×103kg/m3）17. 热敏电阻的阻值会随温度的变化而改变，现用如图甲所示电路来研究某热敏电阻R T的阻值与温度的关系．已知虚线框内M 为温控部分，电源电压恒为12V，R 为电阻箱．（1）热敏电阻和电阻箱是________（选填“并联”或“串联”）的.（2）当控温器中温度调整到80℃，电阻箱阻值为100Ω 时，电流表的示数为0.1A.则该温度下热敏电阻的阻值为________Ω，此时热敏电阻消耗的电功率为________W.（3）依次改变控温器中的温度，同时改变电阻箱的阻值，使电流表的示数始终保持在0.1A、通过计算得到相关数据记录如下.从表中可以看出：在一定温度范围内，该热敏电阻的阻值随温度的升高而______.（4）若用该热敏电阻R T和一个定值电阻R0及电压表制成一支指针式温度计.就可以直接在电压表刻度盘上读出相应温度.若要求电压表的读数随温度的升高而增大，则应在图乙中将电压表接在________两端.（选填“ab”、“bc”或“ac”）18. 在“探究某种固体物质熔化时温度的变化规律”的实验中（1）如图甲是实验装置，用石棉网和水浴法是为了使固体粉末受热均匀，使物质在单位时间内吸收的热量________．（2）从图象乙中可以得知，该物质的熔点是________℃，物质在B、C 两点时内能比较：B 点时的内能________C 点时的内能（选填“>”、“=”或“<”）．（3）图丙是另取同种物质，在相同装置条件下进行第二次实验数据描绘的图象，对比乙、丙图象中AB 和EF 的数据可以得出：实验时，所取固体物质的质量，第二次大于第一次．你认为，支持这一观点的依据是_______________________．19. 如图所示，灯泡L 标有“6V 3W”，R1 的电阻为5Ω，变阻器标有“20Ω 1A”的字样，电流表的量程为0～3A，电压表的量程为0～3V．当开关S1、S2、S3 都闭合时，灯泡L恰好正常发光（设灯泡电阻不随温度而改变）．则灯泡L 的电阻是________Ω，电源电压为________V；当开关S1、S2、S3 都闭合时，电流表的示数为________A；当开关S1 闭合，S2、S3断开时，在保证电路中各元件安全工作的情况下，电阻R1消耗的最小电功率________W．三、解答题（本题共9 小题，共50 分．解答第27、28 题时应有公式和解题过程）20. （6 分）根据下列题意要求完成作图．（1）在甲图中，作出物体 B 受到的重力，标出作用在杠杆OA 上拉力F 的力臂；（2）如图乙所示，太阳光沿AO 方向射入室内，为使光线能照到盆中花上的 B 点，请在O 点画出平面镜和反射光线．（保留必要的作图痕迹）；（3）闭合开关，螺线管轴线上的磁感线方向水平向右（如图丙所示），在图中标出电源的正极和小磁针的N 极．21. （3 分）如图是某同学在综合实践活动中制作的简易电动机模型．（1）将线圈一端的漆全部刮去，另一端刮去一半．这样做的目的是为了让线圈能__；（2）实验过程中，把电池的正负极位置对调，这样操作可以探究______和______是否有关．22. （4 分）如图所示，用一只矿泉水瓶和一块海绵等器材探究“影响压力的作用效果的因素”．（1）实验时，通过观察________来比较矿泉水瓶对海绵的压力作用效果．（2）在图甲、乙、丙操作中，观察图甲和图________可知：压力一定时，受力面积越小，压力的作用效果越明显．（3）由实验乙、丙可知：压力的作用效果与________的大小有关．下列生活实例中的应用与这个规律对应的是________．A、重型坦克履带很宽B、压路机的碾子质量很大C、鞋底刻有很深的花纹D、图钉帽比图钉尖的面积大得多23. （5 分）小明和小华在实验室用天平测量盐水的密度，进行的过程如下．（1）小明在测量盐水质量的过程中，发现指针静止时指在分度盘中央刻度线的左侧，增加一个最小的砝码后，指针又指在分度盘中央刻度线的右侧，这时要使天平平衡，他应该的操作是________．A、把横梁平衡螺母向右旋出一些B、把横梁平衡螺母向左旋进一些、C、减少天平右盘中的砝码，再向右移动游码（2）小明按正确的操作方法后，测量过程如图，则：量筒中盐水的质量是________g，由此可知盐水的密度是ρ=________kg/m3（3）小华在缺少量筒的情况下，利用一部分水同样测出盐水的密度，请协助小华完成实验步骤：①用天平测量空烧杯的质量m1；②将烧杯装入适量的水，标记水面的位置，用天平测量其总质量m2；③________，用天平测量其总质量m3；④利用测量量和ρ水写出计算盐水密度的表达式：ρ 盐水=________．24. （4 分）在“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中．（1）当蜡烛、透镜和光屏在如图甲所示位置时，恰好能在光屏上得到一个清晰的像，则该凸透镜的焦距为________cm．（2）当蜡烛移到20cm 刻度时，光屏上的像变得很模糊，要使光屏上再次得到清晰的像，则应该将光屏向________（选填“左”或“右”）移动．（3）当蜡烛移到10cm 刻度处时，原来光屏上清晰的像再次变得模糊，这种情况类似于人眼的视力缺陷中________（选填“甲图”、“乙图”）情形，若要矫正这种缺陷，需要像如图丙那样带上________透镜制成的眼镜．25. （6 分）在研究液体压强规律时．（1）老师在空心玻璃管一端套上橡皮膜，并向管内注入适量的水（如图甲），你观察到的现象是____________________________，这说明：________________________．（2）如图乙是压强计，将压强计的橡皮膜放入液体中时，我们是通过________来判断液体压强大小的．为了使这一现象更明显，你认为U 型管应________．A、注入酒精B、注入水银C、用内经更细的U 型管（3）小明认为，不用压强计用图甲装置同样可以探究液体内部压强．具体操作是：将玻璃管中的水倒出，将有橡皮膜的一端向下竖直放入液体中，随着橡皮膜所在深度的改变，橡皮膜的凹陷程度也随之发生变化（如图丙）．对比压强计，你认为上述探究装置两大主要缺陷表现在：①________________________；②________________________．26. （8 分）在“用伏安法测电阻”的实验中．（1）连接实物电路如图甲所示，其中有两根导线未连接，请用笔代替导线补画正确连线．（2）闭合开关前，滑动变阻器的滑片应移到最________端．（3）电路按实验要求正确连接后，闭合开关，移动滑动变阻器滑片，发现电流表示数有变化，电压表示数始终为零．出现这种情况的可能是________（填序号）A、电阻断路B、滑动变阻器短路C、电阻短路（4）故障排除后，闭合开关，移动滑动变阻器滑片到某一点，电流表的示数是0.44A，电压表的示数如图乙所示，则该电阻的阻值是________Ω．（5）小明想利用电压表和一个阻值为R0的定值电阻，测量额定电压为2.5V 的小灯泡L 正常发光的功率P额，他选择满足实验要求的实验器材，并连接了部分实验电路，如图所示．请你把小明下面的实验步骤补充完整：①断开开关S2，闭合开关S、S1，移动滑动变阻器的滑片P，使________________；②保持________________不变，断开开关S1，闭合开关S2，记录电压表的示数为U．③小灯泡额定功率表示式P 额=________________（用已知量和测量数据表示）．27. （6 分）溢水槽和烧杯放在水平桌面上，溢水槽中原来的水平面刚好与溢水口相平，将边长为10cm 的实心正方体木块轻轻放入水槽内，待木块静止时，从水槽中溢出了600g 水．已知空烧杯的质量为200g，烧杯底面积100cm2，求：（1）木块受到的浮力；（2）木块的密度；（3）木块静止时，烧杯对水平桌面的压强．28. （8 分）在如图所示的电路中，电源电压可调，R 为定值电阻，R z为另一电阻元件．当电源电压从0 逐渐增大时，得到一组数据，通过这些数据绘出R z的I-U 曲线（如图乙所示）．（1）从图像可知，电阻元件R Z的阻值随温度的升高而________．当R Z两端电压为 1.5V 时，求R Z消耗的电功率；（2）当电源电压调到U=3.5V 时，电流表读数为0.20A，求定值电阻R 的阻值；（3）当电源电压调到某一适当值U0时，元件R Z与定值电阻R 消耗的电功率相等，求此时的电源电压U0和电路消耗的总功率．2018 鼓楼二模答案二、填空题13. 弱；零；③；14. 0.1；85.7；15. （1）m/s；（2）力的作用是相互的；（3）位置；16. （1）流体流速大的地方压强小；（2）20；（3）1.08×108；3.312×108；32.6%；17. （1）串联；（2）20；0.2；（3）降低；（4）ab；18. （1）较少或相同；（2）80；<；（3）第一次熔化所需时间比第二次的短；19. 12；6；1.7；1.8；三、解答题20.21. （1）持续转动；（2）通电导体在磁场中受到力的方向；电流方向；22. （1）海绵形变程度；（2）乙；（3）压力；B；23. （1）C （2）45；1.125×103；（3）将烧杯中的水倒出，加入盐水，直至标记处；24. （1）10；（2）左；（3）甲图；（4）凹；25. （1）橡皮膜凸起；液体对容器底部有压强；（2）U 型管两端液面高度差；A；（3）①橡皮膜凹陷程度不明显；②只能探究液体向上的压强；26. （1）；（2）左；（3）C；（4）5；（5）①电压表示数为学习必备欢迎下载2.5V；②滑动变阻器滑片位置；③28.（1）增大；由图像可知，R z两端电压为 1.5V 时，通过R z的电流为0.18A，所以：。
【初三英语试题精选】018年南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷(附答案)
018年南京市鼓楼区中考英语二模试卷（附答案）英语试卷第 1 页（共 10 页）九年级英语试卷fiveWe’re back from our walk, the mail truck noparksI knothat it’s there since Jake always barksIt’s Bill the mailman who never es lateArriving at noon, he opens the gate“Here’s your mail n ofor house number three”“Does Jake save that bark for when he sees me?”29 Which word probably describes Mike best?A HelpfulB YoungC CheerfulD Kind30 Which fact about the mailman is TRUE?A He is usually running lateB He always gives Jake a biscuitC He es at about 12 every dayD He sometimes forgets the house number31 Which piece of information is NOT mentioned in the poem?A The first name of the mailmanB The first name of Jake’s ownerC Where Jake and his owner are walkingD The house number where Jake and his owner liveCRick is a student at an expensive private university He is lucky because he has a wonderfuloffer from the university’s sports department He can study for free because he is a great basketballplayer, and the team needs him英语试卷第 6 页（共 10 页）But Rick likes going to parties more than studying He goes。
2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考二模数学试题及答案 精
鼓楼区2018届九年级二模试卷数学注意事项：1．本试卷共6页．全卷满分120分．考试时间为120分钟．考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效．2．请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上．3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效．4．作图必须用2B铅笔作答，并请加黑加粗，描写清楚．一、选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分．在每小题所给出的四个选项中，恰有一项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置．．．．．．．上）1．下列运算，正确的是A．a＋a＝a2B．a·a＝2aC．3a3－2a2＝a D．2a·3a2＝6a32．对多项式x 2－3x ＋2分解因式，结果为 A ．x (x －3)＋2B ．(x －1)(x－2)C ．(x －1)(x＋2)D ．(x ＋1)(x－2)3．对于函数y ＝一 2x，下列说法正确的是A ．它的图象关于坐标原点成中心对称B ．自变量x 的取值范围是全体实数C ．它的图象不是轴对称图形D ．y 随x 的增大而增大4．如图，⊙O 1与⊙O 2的半径分别为1 cm 和2 cm ，将两圆放置在直线l 上，如果⊙O 1在直线l 上从左向右滚动，在这个运动过程中，⊙O 1与⊙O 2相切的次数是C ．3次 D5．图①是由白色纸板拼成的立体图形，将它的两个面的外表面涂上颜色，如图②所示．则下列图形中，是图②的表面展开图的是（第4题）lA．B．C． D．6．在△ABC 中， AB ＝3，AC ＝ 3. 当∠B 最大时，BC 的长是 A ．32B ．6C ．32D ．23二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分．不需写出解答过程，请把答案直接 填写在答题卡相应位置．．．．．．．上） 7．我市冬季某一天的最高气温为1℃，最低气温为一6℃，那么这一天的最高气温比最低 气温高 ▲ ℃．8．小明同学在“百度”搜索引擎中输入“2014南京青奥会”，搜索到相关的结果个数约为11 900 000个，将这个数用科学记数法表示为 ▲ (保留2个有效数字)．9．在Rt △ABC 中，CD 是斜边AB 上的中线，如果AB ＝4.8 cm ，那么CD ＝ cm ．（第12题）（第13题）10. 化简 a (a －b )2 － b(b －a )2的结果是 ▲ ．11．若某个圆锥底面半径为3，侧面展开图的面积为12π，则这个圆锥的高为 ▲ .12. 如图，把面积分别为9与4的两个等边三角形的部分重叠，若两个阴影部分的面积分别记为S 1与S 2(S 1＞S 2)，则S 1－S 2＝ ▲ ． 13. 如图，将△ABC 绕点A 逆时针方向旋转到△ADE 的位置，点B 落在AC 边上的点D 处，设旋转角为α (0︒＜α＜90︒)．若∠B ＝125︒，∠E ＝30︒，则∠α＝ ▲ °．14．如图，将矩形ABCD 折叠，使得A 点落在CD 上的E 点，折痕为FG ，若AD ＝15cm ，AB ＝12cm ，FG ＝13cm ，则DE 的长度为 ▲ cm ．x －3 2 3y ＝ax 2＋bx ＋cy ＝kxy15．根据如图所示的函数图象，可得不等式ax2＋bx＋c＜kx的解集为▲．16．已知二次函数y＝a(x＋1)(x－3)的图象与x轴交于点A，B，与y 轴交于点C，则使△ABC为等腰三角形的a的值为▲．三、解答题（本大题共11小题，共88分．请在答题卡指定区域．．．．．．．内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤） 17．（6分）计算：21 2 － 1 232 ＋ 18． 18．（6分）解方程：5x －4x －2＝4x ＋103x －6－1．19．（8分）根据某市农村居民与城镇居民人均可支配收入的数据绘制根据以上信息，解答下列问题：（1） 2012年农村居民人均可支配收入比2011年城镇居民人均可支配收入的一半少0.052010—2013年 2010—2013年 城镇居民人均可支配收入年增长率统计图（第19题）年份年份万元，请根据以上信息补全条形统计图，并标明相应的数据(结果精确到0.1万元)；（2）在2010~2013居民人均可支配收入相差数额最大的年份是▲年.（第20题）20．（8分）在△ABC中，点D是边BC的中点，DE⊥AC，DF⊥AB，垂足分别是点E，F，且BF＝CE．（1）求证：△ABC是等腰三角形．（2）当∠BAC＝90°时，试判断四边形AFDE的形状，并证明你的结论．21．（8分）某歌手选秀节目进入决赛阶段，共有甲、乙、丙、丁4名歌手进入决赛，决赛分3期进行，每期比赛淘汰1名歌手，最终留下的歌手即为冠军．假设每位歌手被淘汰的可能性都相等．（1）甲在第1期比赛中被淘汰的概率为▲；（2）求甲在第2期被淘汰的概率；（3）依据上述经验，甲在第3期被淘汰的概率为▲．22.（8分）某市从2012年起治理空气污染，中期目标为： 2016年PM2.5年均值降至38微克/立方米以下．该城市PM2.5数据的相关数据如下：2012年PM2.5年均值为60微克/立方米，经过治理，预计2014年PM2.5年均值降至48.6微克/立方米．假设该城市PM2.5每年降低的百分率相同，问该市能否顺利达成中期目标？23．（8分）如图，二次函数y ＝－12x 2＋2（－2≤x ≤2）的图象与x 、y 轴分别交于点A 、B 、 C ．（1）直接写出A 、B 、C 点的坐标；（2）设点P （x ，y ）为该图象上的任意一点，连接OP ，求OP 长度的范围．（第23题）24．（8分）一种成本为20元/件的新型商品经过40天试销售，发现销售量p （件）、销售单价q (元/件）与销售时间x （天）都满足一次函数关系，相关信息如图所示．（1）试求销售量p （件）与销售时间x （天）的函数关系式； （2）设第x 天获得的利润为y 元，求y 关于x 的函数关系式；（第24题）（3）求这40天试销售过程中何时利润最大?并求出最大值．25．（8分）如图，△ABC 中，点D 为AB 中点，CD ＝AD . （1）判断△ABC 的形状，并说明理由； （2）在图中画出△ABC 的外接圆；（3）已知AC ＝6，BC ＝8，点E 是△ABC 外接圆上任意一点，点M是弦AE 的中点，当点E 在△ABC 外接圆上运动一周，求点M 运动的路径长．26．（8分）如图，AB 为⊙O 直径，C 、D 为⊙O ⊥DB 交DB 的延长线于点E ．（1）判断直线CE 与⊙O 的位置关系，并说明理由； （2）若AC ＝4，AB ＝5，求CE 的长．（第25题）DACBD（第26题）27．（12分） 【问题提出】如图①，已知海岛A 到海岸公路BD 的距离为AB ，C 为公路BD 上的酒店，从海岛A 到酒店C ，先乘船到登陆点D ，船速为a ，再乘汽车，车速为船速的n 倍，点D 选在何处时，所用时间最短？【特例分析】 若n ＝2，则时间t ＝AD a ＋CD2a，当a 为定值时，问题转化为：在BC 上确定一点D ，使得AD ＋CD2的值最小．如图②，过点C 做射线CM ，使得∠BCM ＝30°.（1）过点D 作DE ⊥CM ，垂足为E ，试说明：DE ＝CD2；（2）请在图②中画出所用时间最短的登陆点D '，并说明理由．【问题解决】（3）请你仿照“特例分析”中的相关步骤，解图①M图②备用图决图①中的问题（写出具体方案，如相关图形呈现、图形中角所满足的条件、作图的方法等）．【模型运用】（4）如图③，海面上一标志A到海岸BC的距离AB＝300 m，A BC＝300 m．救生员在C点处发现标志A处有人求救，立刻前去营救，若救生员在岸上跑的速度都是6 m /s，在海中游泳的速度都是2 m/s，求救生员从C点出发到达A处的最短时间． C B图③（第27题）九年级二模试卷 数学参考答案及评分标准说明：本评分标准每题给出了一种解法供参考，如果考生的解法与本解答不同，参照本评分标准的精神给分．二、填空题（每小题2分，共计20分） 7．7 8．1.2×1079．2.4 10．1a －b11．7 12．5 13．25 14．254 15．x ＜－3或0＜x ＜2或x ＞3 16．137或－137或1315或－1315 三、解答题（本大题共11小题，共计88分） 17．（本题6分） 解：原式＝2×22－12×42＋24…………………………………………………3分 ＝2－22＋24…………………………………………………………………4分＝－342…………………………………………………………………………6分18．（本题6分）解：5x –4x –2＝4x ＋103(x –2)－1 ．3(5x －4)＝4x ＋10－3(x －2)． ··········· 3分x ＝2． ······················ 5分检验：当x ＝2时，3(x －2)＝0，所以x ＝2是增根，原方程无解． ··························· 6分 19．（本题8分） （1）图略，………………………………………………………………………………………2分农村居民和城镇居民可支配收入分别为 1.6万元、3.6万元．……………………… 6分 （2）2013． ………………………………………………………………………………………8分 20．（本题8分）（1）证明：∵点D是边BC的中点，DE⊥AC，DF⊥AB，∴BD＝CD，∠DFB＝∠DEC＝90°．……………………………………………………2分∵BF＝CE，∴Rt△BDF≌Rt△CDE．……………………………………………………3分∴∠B＝∠C．∴AB＝AC．即△ABC是等腰三角形．…………………………………4分（2）∵∠BAC＝90°，DE⊥AC，DF⊥AB，∴∠BAC＝∠DFA＝∠DEA ＝90°．∴四边形AFDE是矩形．…………………………………………………………………6分∵△ABC是等腰三角形，∴AB＝AC．∵BF＝CE，∴AB－BF＝AC－CE．∴AF＝AE．∴矩形AFDE是正方形．…………………………………………………………………8分21．（本题8分）解：（1）14．···················2分（2）画出树状图或列举正确．············5分解：所有可能的结果用树状图表示如下：共有12种等可能的结果，其中甲在第二期被淘汰的结果有3种，所以P（甲在第二期被淘汰）＝1 4．………………………………………………………6分开始第一期被淘汰第二期被淘汰所有可能出现的结果甲乙丙（甲，丙）（乙，甲）（甲，丁）（乙，丁）（丙，甲）（丙，乙）丙丁乙丙丁甲乙丁甲（甲，乙）（乙，丙）（丙，丁）丁乙丙甲（丁，甲）（丁，乙）（丁，丙）（3）14． ····················· 8分22.（本题8分）解：设该市PM2.5指数平均每年降低的百分率为x ，根据题意，得60(1－x )2＝48.6． ·········· 3分 解得：x 1＝0.1，x 2＝1.9 (不合题意，舍去)． ····· 5分 所以该城市PM2.5指数平均每年降低的百分率为10%． 6分 由于48.6×(1－10%)2＝39.366＞38，所以该市不能顺利达成中期目标． ······················· 8分 23．（本题8分）（1）A (－2，0)，B (2，0)，C (0，2)． ········ 3分 （2）由题意得，OP 2＝x 2＋y 2＝x 2＋(－12x 2＋2) 2＝14 (x 2－2) 2＋3（－2≤x ≤2） ······················ 5分当x 2＝2时，即x ＝±2时， OP 2取得最小值，最小值为3．即OP 的最小值为 3 ．当x ＝－2、0或2时，OP 2取得最大值，最大值为4．即OP 的最大值为2． …7分所以OP 长度的范围为： 3 ≤OP ≤2．………………………………………8分24．（本题8分）（1）由图象可知：当1≤x ≤40时，p 是x 的一次函数，设p ＝kx ＋b ，将（1，11）、（40，50）代入得：⎩⎨⎧ k ＋b ＝11， 40k ＋b ＝50，，解得：⎩⎨⎧k ＝1，b ＝10， ∴当1≤x ≤40时，p ＝x ＋10． ··········· 2分 （2）由图象可知：当1≤x ≤40时，q 是x 的一次函数，设q ＝k 'x ＋b '，将（1，79）、（40，40）代入得：⎩⎨⎧ k '＋b '＝79，40k '＋b '＝40，，解得：⎩⎨⎧k '＝－1，b '＝80，∴当1≤x ≤40时，q ＝－x ＋80． ········ 4分 由题意可知：当1≤x ≤40时，y ＝p (q －20)＝(x ＋10) (－x ＋80－20)＝－(x －25)2＋1225． ························ 6分（3）∴当x ＝25时，y 取得最大值，最大值为1225．即这40天试销过程中，第25天获得的利润最大，最大利润为1225元． ······················ 8分25．（本题8分）解：（1）△ABC为直角三角形．……………………………………………………………1分理由如下：∵CD＝AD，∴∠ACD＝∠A．又∵D为AB中点，∴AD＝BD，∴CD＝BD，∴∠DCB＝∠B．∵∠A＋∠ACD＋∠DCB＋∠B＝180°，∴∠ACB＝∠ACD＋∠DCB＝90°，∴△ABC为直角三角形.．………………………………………………………………… 3分(2) 画图正确．………………………………………………………………………………4分（3）连接DM．∵M是弦AE的中点，D为圆心，∴DM⊥AE，∴点M在以AD为直径的圆上运动．………………………………………………………6分在Rt△ABC中， AC=6，BC=8，∴AB=10，∴AD=5．∴点M的运动路径长为5π．…………………………………………………………………8分26．（本题8分）解：（1）解：直线CE与⊙O连接CO、DO．∵AC＝CD，CO＝CO，AO＝DO，∴△ACO≌DCO．∴∠1＝∠2．∵CO＝DO，∴∠1＝∠3．∴∠2＝∠3．∵∠2＝∠4∴∠3＝∠4．∴CO∥ED．∵CE⊥DB，∴∠E＝90°．∴∠OCE＝90°，即OC⊥CE．……………………………………………………………4分直线CE经过半径OC的外端点C，并且垂直于半径OC，所以直线CE与⊙O相切．…………………………………………………………………………………………………5分（2）连接BC，∵AB是直径，∴∠ACB＝90°，∴∠ACB＝∠E，BC＝3．………………………………………………………………6分∵∠2＝∠4，∴△ACB∽△DEC．……………………………………………………7分∴ABDC＝CBEC，得EC＝125．………………………………………………………………8分27．（本题12分）解：（1）∵DE⊥CM，∴∠DEC＝90°，∴在Rt△BCM中，DE＝CD·CD2．…………………………………2分（2）过点A作AE⊥CM交CB于点D'，则D'陆点．理由如下：由第（1）问可知，D'E'＝CD' 2．AD'＋CD'2最短，即为AD'＋D'E最短．由直线外一点与这条直线上点的所有连线段中，垂线段最短．可知此时D'点即为所求．…………………………………………………………………5分（3）如图，过点C做射线CM，使得sin∠BCM＝1，……………………………………………7分n过点A作AE⊥CM，垂足为E，交CB于点D，则D即为所用时间最短的登陆点．………………9分（4）此时sin∠BCM＝13，易得sin∠DAB＝13，∴在Rt△ADB中，AB＝300，AD＝2252，DB＝752，CD＝300－752．∴时间为300﹣7526＋22522＝50＋1002．……………………………………………12分。
最新-2018年南京市鼓楼区第二次模拟调研测试政治、历史(开卷) 精品
2018年南京市鼓楼区第二次模拟调研测试九年级政治、历史（开卷）本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第1卷l一6页，其中1—4页为第一部分政治选择题；5至6页为第二部分历史选择题。
第Ⅱ卷7至12页，其中7—8页为第一部分历史非选择题；9一12页为第二部分政治非选择题。
注意事项：第Ⅰ卷用2B铅笔将考试科目和试题答案填涂在答题卡上。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题部分)第一部分政治选择题部分(共35分)一、单项选择题(在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的。
每小题1分，共25分。
)1．党的十六届五中全会提出，是我国现代化建设进程中的重大历史任务，要按照生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主的要求，坚持从各地实际出发，扎实稳步推进。
A．促进中部地区崛起B．建设社会主义新农村C. 全面建设小康社会D．全面建设和谐社会2．2018年北京奥运会吉祥物由五个拟人化的娃娃组成，统称“福娃”，五个福娃的谐音是A．同一个世界B．同一个梦想C．北京欢迎你D．中国欢迎你3．2018年l0月中旬，世界上海拔最高、线路最长、穿越冻土里程最长的铁路——全线铺通，这对于实施西部大开发，全面建设小康社会，具有十分重要的意义。
A. 西藏铁路B．青藏铁路C宝成铁路D．陇海铁路4．2018年10月12至16日，和乘坐“神舟”六号飞船飞行115．5小时之后安全着陆。
这是我国首次进行多人多天飞行，者·次进行真正意义上的有人参与的空间实验活动。
A．费俊龙聂海胜B．杨利伟聂海胜C. 翟志刚聂海胜D．翟志刚杨利伟5．中共中央总书记胡锦涛同志于2018年3月4日在全国政协民盟民进组会上发表关于以“八荣八耻”为主要内容的的重要论述。
A．社会主义荣辱观B．和谐社会C科学发展观D．全面小康社会6．下列选项中，能直接反映现阶段我国社会主要矛盾的是A．我国制定“十一五”规划B．目前仍有一些边远地区的部分人口的温饱没有解决C. 必须调整农村经济结构的增长方式D．今年中央财政用于“三农”的支出达3397亿元7．从1978年起，我国走上了改革开放之路，人民的生活水平有了很大的提高。
2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考化学二模试卷(解析版)
2018年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考化学二模试卷一、选择题（本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．（2分）下图所示的家庭小实验中，主要发生化学变化的是（）A．自制白糖晶体B．简易净水器净水C．自制“叶脉书签”D．石墨导电实验2．（2分）下列物质由分子构成的是（）A．汞B．氯化钠C．氯化氢D．硅3．（2分）下列实验操作正确的是（）A．滴加液体B．过滤C．振荡液体D．粉末药品的取用4．（2分）下列是人体几种体液的正常pH范围，其中呈酸性的是（）A．胰液7.5～8.0B．胆汁7.1～7.3C．血浆7.35～7.45D．胃液0.9～1.55．（2分）硒被誉为“抗癌大王”。
根据图提供的硒的有关信息，下列说法中，正确的是（）A．硒属于金属元素B．硒的原子序数是34C．硒的原子结构示意图中x＝4D．硒的相对原子质量是78.96 g6．（2分）下列做法中，不正确的是（）A．用燃烧法鉴别羊毛和合成纤维B．用水鉴别硝酸铵、氯化钠、硫酸铜三种固体C．用熟石灰鉴别尿素和硫酸铵D．用酚酞试液鉴别NaOH溶液和Na2CO3溶液7．（2分）下列化肥属于复合肥料的是（）A．磷铵B．尿素C．磷矿粉D．硫酸钾8．（2分）下列说法正确的是（）A．地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铁B．侯德榜先生用食盐为原料制得烧碱，称为侯氏制碱法C．纤维素属于糖类D．高炉炼铁制得的产品是纯铁9．（2分）下列物质属于有机合成材料的是（）A．电木B．钛合金C．羊毛D．玻璃钢10．（2分）下列各组离子在水中一定能大量共存，并形成无色透明溶液的是（）A．H+、Na+、HCO3﹣B．NH4+、H+、NO3﹣C．Al3+、OH﹣、SO42﹣D．Fe3+、H+、Cl﹣11．（2分）聚乙烯[化学式为（C2H4）n]是重要的化工产品。
下列说法不正确的是（）A．聚乙烯属于有机高分子化合物B．聚乙烯的相对分子质量为28C．聚乙烯中碳原子和氢原子的原子个数比为1：2D．过多使用聚乙烯制成的产品会引起白色污染12．（2分）下列实验中，对应的现象以及结论都正确且两者相符的是（）验A．A B．B C．C D．D13．（2分）除去下列各物质中的少量杂质。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
九年级英语试卷2018.05注意事项：1．本试卷共10页。
全卷满分为90分。
考试时间90分钟。
试题包含选择题和非选择题。
考生答题全部在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
2．请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。
答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其它位置答题一律无效。
选择题（共40分）一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. —Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to Hongqiao Hotel?—Walk the Bank of Nanjing and go straight on, and yo u’ll see it on your right.A. overB. pastC. alongD. through2. —Jack is a/an young man.—That’s true. He always feels nervous when he speaks in front of people.A. friendlyB. shyC. honestD. lively3. —I’m afraid that you look a bit fatter than before.—Yeah. I need to start exercising and get back in .A. sizeB. heightC. styleD. shape4. —Do you think I’m suitable to be the chairperson of the Helping Hands Club?—It’ll be difficult you’ve got experience of community work.A. whileB. ifC. unlessD. because5. —Which course would you like to choose this term, DIY or STEM?—. I prefer photography.A. BothB. EitherC. NoneD. Neither6. According to the local rule, children under the age of 12 ride a shared bicycle inNanjing.A. needn’tB. shouldn’tC. mustn’tD. may not7. —Could you tell me how to start this online game?—Of course. click on the computer icon and follow the directions.A. SimplyB. HardlyC. NearlyD. Mostly8. —Hi, Sam. Have you seen Mr. Lin anywhere?—He to a parent at the school gate when I saw him just now.A. is talkingB. was talkingC. talkedD. has talked9. It’s reported that the number of cars in Nanjing by about 250,000 during the past fewyears.A. is increasingB. are increasingC. has increasedD. have increased10. —You’re looking very smart in a new suit today.—Thanks. But to tell you the truth, I it for quite a few years.A. boughtB. have boughtC. hadD. have had11. My mother wanted me to study in a famous private school. But picking this schoolto be one of the best decisions I’ve ever made.A. turns outB. works outC. puts outD. comes out12. Tom was late this morning and again he said his clock didn’t wake him up. But I’ll never buythat! The word buy in the sentence means .A. believeB. expectC. proveD. understand13. —I hear we’ll take a trip to Mount Zijin after the examination.—That’s not bad at all. But I wonder .A. when and where shall we meetB. what shall we get ready for itC. if there will be heavy rain that dayD. that we’ll go there by bus or on foot14. —Excuse me. Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?—. I t’s in my schoolbag.A. Yes, you mayB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, enjoy yourselfD. Yes, help yourself15. ——I’m sorry to hear that. I hope she’ll be well soon.A. Diana’s parents d o n’t allow her to go camping with us.B. Linda broke her leg in PE class and was sent to hospital.C. Though Amy works harder, she still failed the maths exam.D. What a pity! Lily got the second place in the 400 metres race.二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Richard and Sonia Muller make documentaries about wildlife, suchas the big cats in Africa. Their filmmaking, with real events and 16 ,is a way to let the world understand the importance of wildlife. Theirrecent film Staying Alive17 a relationship between lions and otherwild animals in Africa. When a wildlife organization sent the couple the information about the 18 number of big cats, especially lions, they immediately agreed to take part.Richard grew up near a wildlife park and loved to 19 what he saw with his camera as a child. And Sonia, in South Africa, often ran alone to explore the wild environment around her home, which worried her parents. They met at university in Cape Town, and soon they realized how much they had in common. Both of them were 20 about the natural world.When asked what they found hardest about their work, the couple have the same answer—leaving an area and finishing a project. Sonia 21 that the time may be limited, and things like hot weather, dust and bugs (昆虫) make it very tiring. The excitement of her work comes from discovering something new for science, 22 Richard takes most interest in spending time with animals, getting to know their character.If you’d like a similar career, Richard suggests that you learn different areas of 23 , rather than learning filmmaking, because an understanding of the natural world will last forever. The couple also give advice for people who want to help protect the environment. “It’s important to pay attention to your daily life,” she explains. “24 personal electronic items will bring you closer to the natural world,” she says. “You can watch the nature instead of playing with your mobile phone.” Both of them agree that more animals will be lost without rapid 25 . However, some hope for the future is that more teenagers are joining in protecting wildlife.16. A. facts B. areas C. ideas D. parts17. A. created B. compared C. explored D. developed18. A. rising B. changing C. falling D. lasting19. A. report B. require C. repeat D. record20. A. worried B. curious C. happy D. serious21. A. agrees B. means C. adds D. shows22. A. while B. whether C. since D. though23. A. geography B. physics C. chemistry D. biology24. A. Taking out B. Turning off C. Picking up D. Handing out25. A. control B. action C. support D. treatment三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下列材料，从材料后各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。