高中英语句子成分和句子结构

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高中英语语法复习:句子结构及句型 主谓一致(无答案)

高中英语语法复习:句子结构及句型 主谓一致(无答案)

英语复习句子结构及句型+主谓一致句子结构及句型一、句子和句子成分的定义句子是由单词(短语)按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位。

组成句子的各个部分称为句子成分。

英语句子成分主要有:主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语和状语等。

1. 主语表示句子描述的是“谁”(人)或“什么”(事物),是谓语的陈述对象,通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。

(主语是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。

)eg: The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕地球转。

She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩儿。

Swimming is a good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。

To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事,做又是另外一回事。

2. 谓语说明主语的动作或者状态,一般在主语的后面。

由动词或者动词短语担当。

eg: I like studying English. 我喜欢学英语。

Chinese is a kind of great language! 汉语是一种伟大的语言!3. 宾语是动作的承受者,表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象,或者用于介词后构成介词短语,通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。

eg: We love our country! 我们热爱我们的祖国!Her mother likes her very much! 她妈妈非常喜欢她!在英语中,有些及物动词,如give, pass, send, bring, tell, teach, show等+ sb. sth.可以有两个宾语:一个指人,一个指物。

这样宾语就包括直接宾语(表示动作的承受者,多为物)和间接宾语(表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做,多为人)。

我们把“直接宾语+间接宾语”叫做“双宾语”。

高中英语语法精讲:基本句子结构之句子成分

高中英语语法精讲:基本句子结构之句子成分

句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主语和谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

1)主语(subject)一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。

大多数主语都在句首。

比如:1. The room is very clean. (名词)2. We often speak English. (代词)3. To teach them English is my job.(动词不定式)4. Swimming is good for our health. (动名词)5. What we need is food. (从句)6. The poor are everywhere in some countries. (the +形容词)2)谓语(predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”,“怎么样”。

谓语必须是动词,体现时态和语态,一般放在主语之后。

谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如: He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。

如:He can speak English.b. 助动词:帮助构成时态和语态,不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。

He doesn't like speaking Chinese.I have seen the film before.He didn't finish his homework last night.3) 表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它一般位于系动词之后,构成主系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征等。

常见的系动词:1. 表状态:be2. 表感官:look, sound, smell, taste, feel3. 表变化:become, grow, turn, fall, get, go4. 表持续,保持:keep, remain, stay5. 表似乎,像:seem,appear例子:划线部分均为表语:•1. I am a teacher. (名词)•2. I am ten. (数词)•3. He became rich and successful. (形容词)•4. They are at home now. (介词短语)4)宾语(object)宾语:表示动作所涉及的对象,内容或承受者。

高中英语语法之句子成分

高中英语语法之句子成分

高中英语语法之句子成分句子成分(概述)一、主语:主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句(名词性从句里会细讲主语从句)等均可作主语。

*Alight wind disturbed the surface of the water. 微风使水面泛起涟漪(名词短语作主语)*Nobodycan help you except yourself. 除了你自己没人能帮你。

(代词作主语)*Two-thirdsof them can play more than two musical instruments.他们中三分之二会演奏两种以上乐器。

(数词做主语)*Therich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人快乐。

(名词化的形容词作主语,注意the+形容词表一类人,谓语用复数。

主谓一致会详细讲解)*Togo to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一种好习惯。

(不定式短语作主语,“To go to bed earlyand to get up early 早睡早起”表示同一概念,谓语用单数。

)*Travellingabroad is popular these years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。

(动词-ing形式短语作主语)*Wheneveryou come will be fine. 你无论何时来都可以。

(从句作主语)二、谓语:用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

(详细参考“主语与动词”笔记)*Lindaworked for the company for two years.*Theold man must be sent to hospital at once.*Ihave tried this way three times.*Whathappened last night?*Iwould like to invite all my friends here.*Ourschool becomes more beautiful.三、宾语:1. 定义:宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。

高中英语-句子成分及五种基本句型-课件

高中英语-句子成分及五种基本句型-课件

句子包括哪些成分?
句子成分详解表
句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事
说明主语做什么,是什么或怎 么样 表示动作行为的对象 与联系动词连用,一起构成谓 语,说明主语是什么,怎么样 用来修饰名词或代词
修饰动词,形容词,副词,表 示动作发生的时间,地点,原 因,目的,方式,结果等
名,代,数,不定 式,动名词,短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
同主语 同主语
形,代,数,名, 副,介词短语或句子 副词,介词短语或句 子
We study in HuangQiao Middle School.
She is dancing under the tree.
Both of us like English. Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. We have eight lessons every day.
1.She lived a happy life.(名词 ) 2.I love you.( 代词) 3.We need two.( 数词) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?(动名词) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.(不定式 ) 6.He did not know what to say.( 疑问词+不定式) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( 从句 ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
句子成分(2)

高中句子成分.结构分析 句子的结构成分

高中句子成分.结构分析 句子的结构成分

句子成分表示一个完整概念的语言单位叫做句子。

组成句子的各个部分(单词或词组等)叫做句子成分,句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补足语和同位语等,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,其他为次要成分。

知识点1主语主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme) ,是句子所述说的主体。

它的位置一般在一句之首。

可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。

1.名词作主语。

如A tree has fallen across the road.Little streams feed big rivers.2.代词用作主语。

如You’re not far wrong.He told a joke but it fell flat.3.数词用作主语。

如Three is enough.Four minus three is one.4.名词化的形容词用作主语。

The old need help.5.不定式用作主语。

如To find your way can be a problem.It would be nice to see him again.6.动名词用作主语。

如Smoking is bad for you.Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.7.名词化的过去分词用作主语。

如The disabled are to receive more money.The deceased died of old age.介词短语用作主语。

如To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。

From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。

从句用作主语。

如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.Whether we go or not depends on your father.10. 句子用作主语。

高中英语句子成分和结构讲解

高中英语句子成分和结构讲解

consolidation
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 9. His wish is to become a scientist. 10. Do you have anything else to say?
②表地点:in China, at the airport…
我在教室里看见一个学生.
I saw a student in the classroom.
③表原因: because, as, for, since…
他因为生病所以今天没有去上学.
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
④表结果:to+do, v+ing, 从句
那个男孩从树上掉下来了,头撞到地上了.
The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.
⑤表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose 为了考入一个更好的学校,我必须更加努力.

高中英语语法-句子成分和基本句子结构

句子成分和基本句子结构英语句子的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

英语句一个完整的子,至少由两局部组成(祁使句除外)——主语和谓语。

除了主语和谓语,句子有时还需要其他的成分,如用在系动词后说明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语,用在及物动后,表示行为对象或结果的宾语,修饰或限定名词或代词的定语,修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。

英语五种基本句型列式如下:四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓)主语:能够作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,名词化的形容词,动词不定式,动名词或从句。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。

不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,不能再接对象(即宾语),这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。

S│V(不及物动词)1. The moon │rose.2. The universe │remains.3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.4. Who │cares?5. What he said │does not matter.6. They │talked for half an hour.7. The pen │writes smoothly基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个说明主语性质,特征,状态或身份的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。

高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)

class? • ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to
go swimming, how about you?
(四)表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份, 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. (名词) • I’m not quite myself today. (代词) • Who was the first? (数词) • The war was over. (副词) • He is out of condition. (介词短词) • They seem to know the truth. (动词不定式) • His hobby is playing computer games.(动名词短语) • That is what he told me yesterday. (从词)
• ② There is an old man coming here.
(名词)
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(不定式)
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?

专题 2 句子成分和结构 -2023年暑假初升高英语衔接宝典(新高一适用)

专题 2 句子的成分与结构知识对接接点1句子成分英语的句子成分主要有七种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

除了这七种主要成分之外,还有同位语和独立成分的说法。

其中独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。

接点2简单句的五种基本结构1.句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种句子结构的基础。

2.五种基本句型结构如下:①S V(主+谓)He never lies.他从不撒谎。

②S V O(主+谓十宾)I like apples very much.我非常喜欢苹果。

③S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)My parents bought me a new backpack.我父母给我买了一个新书包。

④S V O OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)I saw a boy playing basketball.我看见一个男孩正在打篮球。

⑤S V P(主+系+表)The milk went sour.牛奶变味了。

注:主语(Subject) 谓语(Predicate) 宾语(Object)定语(Attribute) 状语(Adverbial) 补语(Complement) 表语(Predicative)难点突破突破1主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(如the rich)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等。

Tom is a clever boy.(人名作主语)拓展训练用下划线画出下列句子的主语,并说明其所属的词性或语法结构1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9. That he isn't at home is not true.答案:1. During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular,(名词短语)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(It为代词,作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式)9.That he isn't at home is not true.(主语从句)突破2谓语谓语通常由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。

高中英语语法_句子成分

5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
Our teacher encouraged us to work hard. The boy made his sister cry.
1)、接名词作补足语:call, choose, think,
consider, believe, find, make, etc. 2)、接动词不定式作补足语:see, notice, hear, have, watch, let, make(+do)/ ask, order, require, want, advise, persuade, cause, teach, encourage, permit, allow, forbid, (+to do). 不能用此结构:suggest, demand, hope, agree. 3)、接形容词作补足语:think, believe, find, feel, consider, keep, leave, drive, wish, make, get, paint(粉刷,漆).
It’s
my book, this cover written my name and my school. Have a teacher picked up, bring his office, afterwards, in Monday give me. Although I find box, nothing. I find desk, nothing. She said, this was a driver gave she the bag. In my go home way, …
英语的基本成分有八种:
主语(subject) 谓语(predicate) 宾语(object) 表语(predicative) 定语(attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 补足语 (complement) 同位语(appositive)
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solve it. 3.The bridge built in 1990 has broken down. 4.Seeing a dog , he stopped the car. 5.What annoyed us most was the noise around
the hotel . 6.we required to change another one room, but
His mother is a teacher. 名词
We are students. 代词
Eight is a lucky number. 数词
可用作主语的有:名词 、代词、数词、名词化 的形容词、不定式、动 名词或从句等。
To learn English well needs hard work. to do sth / 不定式
come true/easy 证明类:prove, turn out 3)助动词: be:+doing/done 时态,语态 have:has/have/had done 时态 do:does/did +动原 疑问句,否定句,强调句 will/shall/would +动原 时态 4)情态动词:can/could,may/might,will/would 等
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
单三,一般现在时
We paid a visit to the factory yesterday.
一般过去时
Great changes have taken place in our school.
定搭配
7.数词:基数词;序数词;句法功能;应用;分数;小
数和百分数
8.连词:并列连词;从属连词
9.感叹词:what/how
10.动词:分类;基本形式
1)实义动词:及物动词/不及物动词 2)连系动词:一be,二似乎,三保持,五感官,六变 状态类:be 似乎类:seem, appear 持续类:keep, stay, remain 感官类:smell, taste,feel,sound, look 变化类:go,get, grow, become,turn,fall asleep/ill,
除了主语和谓语,还有宾语(用在及物动词 或介词后面),表语(位于系动词之后), 定语(修饰或限定名词或代词),状语(修 饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整句 话),同位语及补语(对一个名词或代词进 一步解释)
一、主语
主语(subject)是句子所叙述的主体,说 明句子所说的是谁或什么. 一般放在句首, 可用作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、名 词化的形容词(the rich)、不定式、动 名词或从句担当(主语从句)
导:2mins 1.词法——词的种类 2.句子成分 3.句子结构
思:5mins 1.词的种类 2.句子(成分,种类,结构)
议( 15’)
Discuss in Groups
要求:积极+认真+专注
展(10's)
自由展 我有问题要问
I ask
I answer
I question I present
I add I correct
语从句来担当。 Your bike needs repairing.
动名词
He offered to help me. to do
I don’t know when he will come back. 宾语从句
找出句子的主语,谓语和宾语
1.I like the book very much. 2.Leave the question to me ,and see if I can
Seeing is believing. V-ing / 动名词
The old are always respected . the + 形容词,表示一类人
What we need is more time. 从句 / 主语从句
二、谓语
谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicate verb) 表示主语所发出的动作,主语所具有的特 征或主语所处的状态,谓语的位置一般在 主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助 动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成,有时态、 人称、语态和语气的变化.
要求:积极+认真+专注
词法: 1.名词:分类;数;格;修饰语;功能
评 ( 6’)
2.冠词:定冠词;不定冠词;零冠词
3.代词:人称代词;物主代词;反身代词;指示代词;
不定代词;相互代词;疑问代词;连接代词;关系代词
4.形容词:构成;功能;位置;比较级和最高级
5.副词:同上
6.介词和介词短语:分类;功能;用法;易混辨析;固
we were told that there was no room left.
基础感知
构成篇章的基本单位是句子,每个句子 是由词或者短语构成的,这些词或短语 便是句子成分。不同的内容需要不同的 句式结构,这些句式结构又构成英语中 不同的句子类型。句子成分、句子类型、 句子结构是英语句法的基础。
句子成分
英语句子的成分:
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。一个完 整的英语句子,至少由两部分组成(祈使句 除外)----主语和谓语。
We love our motherland. 名词
They helped me yesterday afternoon.
代词
宾语可以用名
If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.数词 词、代词、数词、
the+adj.、不定 We need to help the old. the + adj. 式、V-ing、宾
现在完成时
Corn can be made into powder.
情态动词 +动词
If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives
would be saved.
虚拟语气
三、宾语
宾语表示动作或行的对象或承受者. 在英语中,及物动词或相当于及物动词的 动词短语必须带宾语,宾语可以有:名词、 代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、或从 句担任(宾语从句)
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