上海市闵行区2016-2017学年高三上学期质量调研考试英语试卷Word版含答案
2016学年第一学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A postman. B. A policeman. C. A delivery man.D. A taxi driver.2. A. $50. B. $75. C. $150.D. $200.3. A. It’s delayed. B. It’s overcrowded. C. It’s empty.D. It’s cancel led.4. A. She has never talked in public. B. She probably ispoor at giving speeches.C. She enjoys serious moments.D. She wants to give upthe public speech.5. A. Finishing the lunch. B. Having a meeting. C. Arranging the room.D. Making some coffee.6. A. By going on a diet. B. By doing physical exercise.C. By having fewer meals.D. By eating fruit and vegetables.7. A. The man doesn’t have a good memory. B. The man shouldn’thave bought the chocolate.C. The man lost the chocolate in the kitchen.D. The man’s son hastaken the chocolate.8. A. The man shouldn’t go for the interview. B. The man’s resume is not well-prepared.C. The man can send the resume out.D. The man should get ready for the interview.9. A. Finish the paper before meeting his professor. B. Shorten his paper into a 3000-word article.C. Get a new and more specific topic for his paper.D. Ask his professor’s help on his choice of topics.10. A. He will remain in his current job. B. He is quite satisfied with his job.C. He will ask for a higher salary.D. He can never find a better job.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Public education against smoking is lacking. B. There is no campaign against smoking.C. There are no rules regarding smoking.D. That smokers ignore the rules about smoking.12. A. It made her respect smokers in the United States.B. It made her think that smoking rules need to be changed.C. It made her want to be more polite towards nonsmokers.D. It made her more tolerant to smoker behavior.13. A. It’s no easy job to stop people smoking in Europe.B. There should be severer rules against smoking in Europe.C. We should take non-smokers’ right s into consideration.D. The speaker changed the attitude towards different smokersQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. The weight of the boxes moving across the stage. B. The number of times of repeating the process.C. The size of the objects shown on the stage.D. The shape of the cubes used in the show.15. A. Girls seem to be able to reason earlier than boys. B. Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.C. Girls tend to get excited more easily than boys.D. Boys pay more attention to moving objects than girls.16. A. They are easy to be nervous. B. They talk at an earlier age.C. They are better at physical activities.D. They have a different brain pattern.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. A detective story. B. A professor’s lecture.C. A class assignment.D. A jewelry store robbery.18. A. She was involved in a jewelry store robbery.B. She had trouble finishing her assignment.C. She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D. She was taking too many courses.19. A. Take some extra time. B. Put down whatever ideas she has first.C. Do some work for another course.D. Write the story ending first.20. A. To do research for her story. B. To go shopping.C. To meet her professor.D. To take a break from her work.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005.A large number of companies belie ve that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus(24)__________(gain) more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging (25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________ this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awaren ess, we still have a long way to go.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding.And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning”means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attachedto a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrit y who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. productD. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhancedD. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above allD. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. specialD. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studiosD. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantlyD. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvaluedD. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. managesD. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regretD. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishmentD. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded upD. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. troubleD. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputationD. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charmD. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporaryD. respectableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida’s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛) like to eat. And it’s making them sick - even killing them.It’s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can’t even swim.“They’re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,” said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can’t swim and will drown.As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida’s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!The experts aren’t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government’s protection, Florida’s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that’s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster- just like on land.56. The word “them” (in the 1st paragraph) probably refers to “________”.A. underwater greensB. algaeC. manateesD. endangered animals57. We can learn from the passage that the red tide ________.A. causes 174 manatees’ deaths every monthB. disables manatees’ ability to surface to breatheC. has destroyed most of the underwater greensD. helps to fertilize farm lands58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The experts’ efforts to keep the red tide from spreading.B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The red tide has been changing the manatees’ habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.(B)For centuries, mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure. We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply, but we’ve always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers. There is exciting news now - a dog translator called body harness (see the picture)has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend.HOW IT WORKS●The platform itself is a harness that fits comfortably onto the dog, and whichis equipped with a variety of technologies.●Wireless sensors can determine when they’re sitting, standing, running, etc,even when they’re out of sight.●The team developed software to collect, interpret and communicate those data,and to translate human requests into signals on the harness through speakers and vibrating motors.WHAT’S FOR✧The harness could be used to train pets, guide dogs and other working animals.✧Sensors on the harness monitor the dog’s heart rate and body temperature.✧The sensor-packed harness can sense the animal’s movement, and the sounds itmakes, letting the owner knows how they feel.✧Speakers and vibrating pads in the harness also allow owners to “talk back”to their animals.✧The harness is also intended for dogs involved in search and rescue and otherfront-line work.60. The word “comply” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.A. shoutB. obeyC. disappearD. attack61. Which of the following is NOT the intension of the harness?A. To create a better communication between dogs and human.B. To enable the dogs to do demanding jobs.C. To transfer human thoughts to the dogs by means of technology.D. To monitor dog’s communicative behaviors.62. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?A. New platform: for better performances of dogs.B. Harness: a two-way communication device.C. Dog care: a completely new way possible.D. Technology: toward healthier life of dogs.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. One might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertakemore rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.Section CDirections:Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless”communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."IV. Summary WritingDirection: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say thereare three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你认为谁该为这起严重的事故负责？(responsible)73.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。
上海市金山区2017届高三上学期期末质量调研英语试卷含答案
金山区2016学年第一学期期末质量调研高三英语试卷（满分：140分考试时间：120分钟）2016.12I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the airport. B. At the hotel.C. At the restaurant.D. At the railway station.2. A. On TV. B. On the Internet.C. From the newspaper.D. From a friend.3. A. Husband and wife. B. Policeman and driver.C. Passenger and bus conductor.D. Boss and secretary.4. A. At 1:00 pm. B. At 1:30 pm.C. At 2:00 pm.D. At 2:30 pm.5. A. She found it very interesting.B. She found it very boring.C. She found it enjoyable during the first 30 minutes.D. She found it enjoyable after the first 30 minutes.6. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Find a full-time job.C. Drop out of school.D. Resign from her present job.7. A. Shopping with his son. B. Promoting a new product.C. Buying a gift for a kid.D. Bargaining with asalesgirl.8. A. He is always late for work.B. He is having some financial problems.C. He is not careful enough with his work.D. He loses his temper easily.9. A. It is too hot in the room.B. She wants to avoid meeting people.C. She wants to smoke a cigarette outside.D. She doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside.10. A. Everyone in the company likes Mr. Dale.B. Mr. Dale has become director of the department.C. Mr. Dale gets on very well with his colleague.D. Mr. Dale is the focus of people’s attention.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper anddecide which one would be the best answer to the question you have ever heard.Questions 11 through13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Art history class is taught in the lecture hall.B. Mentally disabled children are taught outside the classroom.C. Professors teach through real world experiences.D. Students appreciate classroom learning.12. A. To praise the professor. B. To support his point of view.C. To praise his friend.D. To advise us to study psychology.13. A. Learning through firsthand experience is important.B. Students learn a lot from textbooks.C. Students develop their creativity through textbooks.D. Students get firsthand information from textbooks.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Consumers find TV advertisements too dull.B. Consumers travel more now than ever before.C. Out-of-home ads are more beautifully made.D. Out-of-home ads are easier to understand.15. A. Quick to update. B. Pleasant to look at.C. Easy to remember.D. Convenient toobtain.16. A. Comparison of different kinds of advertising.B. New forms of effective advertising.C. The disadvantages of traditional advertising.D. Effective ways to do effective advertisements.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Her story of completing a task. B. Her experience of being lost.C. Her trip abroad.D. Her success in career.18. A. Met his friends. B. Attended a lecture.C. Gave a performance.D. Had a trip.19. A. By following a man. B. By looking at a map.C. By asking an old woman.D. By asking the policeman for help.20. A. He cannot stand the noise in the bar. B. He has a poor memory.C. He doesn’t speak German.D. He doesn’t like to wear T-shirts.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the givenword. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Rail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Both of us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) ______ (practice) the language.(22) ______ ______ ______ I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23) ______ (base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24) ______ extra-thick sleeping bag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove.As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25) _______ had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once.My InterRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother’s. My ticket (26) ______ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27) ______ (amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28) ______ businessmen to artists.In my mother’s eyes I (29) ______ not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) ______ (good) friendsthan we had before.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.NINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shanghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit byan out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when a construction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television S tation. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with t he hospital, told the television station. “Three were36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan andFengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning.Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, t he city’s television station said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A new idea called ‘business at the speed of thought’ is quite popular in business world. It makes quick marketing progress, but it also presents a 41 way to run a company. Here’re the main 42 : The businesses today that will succeed are those able to jump around in high spirits. Chances must be seized immediately anddecisions made quickly. Everyone needs more immediate answers, and the window of expected 43 to any questions has dropped from weeks to days even to hours.The problem with this way of thinking is that too often such quickness comes at the expense of 44 understanding the details of a situation. Sure, the networked society allows us to gather information within a short time, but does it really 45 up our ability to make better decisions? How do you balance the 46 for speed with sharp and correct thinking? That’s the 47 on the minds of a lot of people these days, including Future Shock author, Alvin Toffler, who studies the idea in our cover story. It’s also a48 of a new study by Kepner Tregoe. It reports that 77 percent of managers believe that during the past three years the number of decisions they made each workday has increased. But 85 percent of those same people say the time given to making those decisions has either 49 or stayed the same. Result: Speed kills. Different opinions are not shared. Other choices are 50 too easily. Aims never seem to be clear. 51 , good records aren’t kept about how successful decisions are made. If your company really does well, the Kepner report suggests52 the decision-making process and figuring out what you did right. Study your successes, as well as your failures.Fast decision-making is a necessity sometimes-no question about that．But decisions are only as good as the 53 go into them. By that measure, many of today’s decisions are weak and could 54 some companies at the knees. Business may be keeping the quickness of 55 , but it’s going to be torn to pieces if managers are not thinking with great care and patience.41. A. numerous B. clear C. dangerousD. bright42. A. points B. matters C. solutionD. barriers43. A. response B. rejection C. acceptanceD. methods44. A. rapidly B. properly C. timelyD. widely45. A. arouse B. cultivate C. declineD. speed46. A. technique B. thirst C. passionD. need47. A. idea B. thought C. doubt D. puzzle48. A. subject B. aim C. projectD. discovery49. A. decreased B. changed C. increasedD. lengthened50. A. made B. accepted C. dismissedD. discussed51. A. Otherwise B. On the contrary C. For example D. Therefore52. A. setting aside B. breaking out C. turning out D. taking apart53. A. questions B. thoughts C. eyesD. brains54. A. cut up B. cut off C. turn downD. turn off55. A. expanding B. running C. thoughtD. explorationSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. That’s what I learnt from my new and special friend. On the first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know.I looked around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder.I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady with a smile. She said, “Hi, handsome. My name is Rose. I’m eighty-seven years old. Can I give you a hug?” I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” She gave me a giant squeeze. “Why are you in coll ege at such a young innocent age?” I asked jokingly. “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she replied. After class we walked to the Students Union building and shared a chocolate milkshake there. We became instant friends.Every day of the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always listening to this“time machine” as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends whenever she went. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football dinner. I’ll never forget what she taught us.“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow old. That doesn’t take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding opportunities in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets．”She concluded her speech by courageously singing The Song of Rose. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics （歌词）and live them out in our daily life. At the year’s end, Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.56. What happened to the author on the first day of school?A．He joined the Student Union.B．He got to know an old professor.C．He made the acquaintance of an old lady.D．He had to share a milkshake with others.57. In the author’s eyes, __________.A．Rose was silent and skilled.B．Rose was talented and hardworking.C．Rose was innocent and generous.D．Rose was courageous and her words were inspiring.58. Which saying might Rose possibly support?A．Rome was not built in a day.B．One is never too old to learn.C．It is no use crying over spilt milk.D．Great minds think alike.(B)Become an Atlantis Jr. Aquarist and spend 3 days working with marine life! Food prepping to feeding the animals to snorkeling and learning about coral reefs, it’s a week of marine adventure!59. All the information is included in the advertisement EXCEPT________.A. camp hoursB. camp priceC. things to bringD. daily schedules60. T he underlined phrase “subject to” is closest in meaning to ________.A. related toB. due toC. likely toD. depending on61. A ll the activities are included in the camp schedule EXCEPT ________.A. feeding marine lifeB. preparing food for animalsC. playing with sharksD. learning about coral reefs62. Which of the following can be learned from thepassage?A. All attendees will check in and have a welcome dinner on the first day.B. All attendees must check out on the last day.C. The price covers all the expenses including accommodation.D. You can have a 5-day experience working with marine life in the camp.(C)Scientists have invented a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.“You’re what you ea t and drink, and that’s recorded in your hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While the U.S. diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as rainclouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素). The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S.. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair is equivalent to about two months.Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly equivalent to the movement of rain systems.“It’s not good for pinpointing（精确定位）, ” Cerling said. “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Told Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whoseskeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said,“But it narrows its way down for me.”63. What is the scientists’ new discovery?A. One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B. Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.C. A person’s hair may re veal where they have lived.D. The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.64. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat anddrink.” in Para.3?A. Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues.B. Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C. Food and drink affect one’s personality development.D. Food and drink are similar to one’s existence.65. What is said about the rainfall in American’s West?A. There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.B. The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C. Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D. It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.D. It helps the police narrow down possibilities indetective work.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientificway.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that (67) ___________The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (68) ___________ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (69) ___________Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreamingis a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (70) ___________ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has adaily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.她经常在周末带她儿子去音乐会，让他受到艺术的熏陶。
上海闵行区2017学年第一学期高三英语质量调研 2017.12.27
上海闵行区2017学年第一学期高三质量调研2017.12.27ⅡGrammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon 21 in when his body was found very swollen （浮肿的）. I took a medical history 22 his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main carer for years. I stood 23 (look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told 24 the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed 25 he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more 26 (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. 27 you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."28it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in 29 they hear－and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation 30 (bad).Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note thatface out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safely, but is their 31 to social media really harming them.Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it fat more accessible than it 32 was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to 33 with their families, which they sometimes view as "annoying”. So, what do these kids use as a solution or a(n)“ 34 " The answer is simple social media.However when they use social media for a large amount of time, parents lend to show concern for their child and blame social media for 35 their attention.The word, "social", was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they using it to get away from real world 36 .The truth, however, is that they are using it to conned with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modem worldChildren and teens are 37 accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but howcome children receive all of the 38 for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another 39 .Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the 40 from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection AYour boss tells you that you did a bad job. Your coworker criticizes you in front of your whole team. Ouch! It's not easy to take criticism, no matter who it comes from. But, it is easy to 41 the blow when you offer criticism to someone in English. Merely by altering your wording and your attitude, you can help someone grow instead of making them feel 42 .Phrases like "You’re wrong! ” and “Your presentation was terrible!" have no place i n effective 43 . In fact, it's best to leave the word "you" out, if at all possible. 44 attacks make people feel defective, and then they won't really listen to anything you have to say.Before starting with the criticism, warm the person up with 45 . If you are discussing their work, find several things you truly like about what they have done. For example, "I enjoyed your presentation today. You presented a lot of good and helpful information in it, and I can tell you put a lot of effort into it. I appreciate your hard work." This will lower their 46 and make them feel appreciated.However, a short 47 compliment followed by "but" such as “It was a helpful talk, but you really need to improve your presentation skills" won't do much to help the process. After you’ve shared your compliments, allow them time to be 48 . As a matter of fact, 49 following your compliment with a “,bu t” will destroy all you've tried lo accomplish by making your 50 seem false and insincere.Remember that the goal of constructive criticism isn’t to make the person feel terrible: it's to help them grow. Instead of directly 51 the person, try to get the message through to them in the form of light-hearted advice. Phrases like. "Next time you might want to…” or “I find it helpful to " can 52 the blame while still leaving an impact: "Next time you might want to give a little more attention to the audience. I find it helpful to look people in the eyes while I am speaking"People can't change overnight, especially if they don’t get detailed 53 . As you might have known, 54 saying “you need to work on your presentation skills “won’t help a soul! Be detailed in your advice! Show moderation when you criticize anyone and keep in your mind that over-criticism can easily 55 people. Remember, you want them to keep trying and improving. Don't leave them feeling defeated'41. A. suffer B. accept C. soft D. ignore42. A defeated B encouraged C. motivated D. disturbed43. A. discussion B. argument C. explanation D. criticism44. A. Immediate B. Personal C. Accurate D. Continuous45. A. interactions B. impressions C. personalities D. compliments46. A. defense B spirit C. moral D. position47. A. decisive B. serious C. vague D. concrete48. A. corrected B. challenged C. debated D. absorbed49. A. carefully B. reluctantly C. immediately D. occasionally50. A. praise B. attitude C. assistance D. achievement51. A. helping B. accusing C. praising D. dismissing52. A. make up B. focus on C. lead to D. take away53. A. command B. comment C. instruction D. information54. A. sincerely B. simply C. politely D. unwillingly55. A. overload B promote C. inspire D simulateSection B(A)Korean Americans at GBS High .SchoolGlenbrook South (GBS) High School is in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is an award-winning school with a highly competent teaching staff. It has over 400 Asian Pacific .American students-over 17 percent of die students in the school. Of these, the majority are Korean American. This is very unusual in a state where Korean Americans are less than 1 percent of the population. The interactions of the Korean American students at UBS were the subject of an article in Asian Week magazine.Different Korean American students react differently to being in a high school were most students are white. Professor Pyong Gap Min, an expert on Korean life in America, believes that Korean Americans in this situation can sometimes feel inhibited or ashamed of their Korean identity. Asian Week interviewed a number of GBS students, and each had a different attitude.Alice 18 years oldI used to spend time only with Korean American friends Although I felt secure with those friends, I found myself motivated to form closer relationship with non-Koreans, too. I felt I was missing out on new experiences and challenges. Paul 16 years oldI have some Korean American friends, but I spend most of my time with white friends. I’m often the only Asian American in the group, but I don’t mind. What I like about the white culture is that I can be more radical. I can be as loud and funny as I want to be. I don’t see as much of that among the Asian students.John 17 years oldIn junior high school, most of my friends were white. After coming to GBS, my sense of my Korean American identity was restored, and I decided to have mainly Korean American friends. I feel that my Korean American friends and I mainly understand each other better. For example, we understand about severe parental pressures to succeed at school; I felt my white friends couldn’t really und erstand.Without belittle(轻视）the importance of what these students had to say, it’s imp ortant to remember that their opinions at this phase of their lives ate bound to change as they grow into adulthood. But these honest opinions can help us better understand issues of culture relations, and their honesty might help Americans from different cultural groups to get along better in the future.56. The passage mainly discusses .A. how Korean American students interact among themselves and with othersB. why Illinois is a very special stateC. how an Illinois high school welcomes Korean American studentsD. different opinions of the friends of Korean American students57. Which statement best summarizes Alice's attitude?A. She feels that her white friends don’t really understand h erB. She likes her Korean American friends but wants to have non-Korean friends too.C. She feels she is missing out on experiences with her Korean American fiends.D. She doesn’t fe el secure in her relationships with non-Koreans.58. The underlined word “radical” most probably means" "A. timidB. expressiveC. considerateD. sensitive(B)The documentary Blood Lions shows South Africa's cruel "canned' lion hunting industry. In canned hunts, lions are raised by humans and kept in enclosed spaces on private hunting areas. Hunters can get trophy （战利品）easily in exchange for fees of up to $50, 000. There are about 8,000 ranch lions in South Africa. So the country’s hunt operators can make a fortune.Ian Michler was a lead character in the film. He talked about Blood Lions last July when it was shown in Durban, South Africa. The film has since been viewed in 185 countries. More than 50 screenings have been held at film festivals and in meetings of special interest groups. This year, Blood Lions will be shown at every major tourism conference in Europe and Africa.Outside the film, Michler and the team are running a global campaign. They are aiming at ending canned hunts and other cold-blooded activities involving lions and other animals.Australia became the first country, in February 2015, to forbid imports of lion trophies. It was followed by France in November, That month, Blood Lions was shown in the European Parliament. As a result, the government of Finland, Italy, and Spain decided to hold their own screenings. There are a number of other countries likely to do the same.At the same time, at the end of last year, the world's leading group of African lion researchers offered an important suggestion They advised that any analysis of the present state of wild lions in South Africa should not include its thousands of ranch lions. Wild lions in South Africa now number some 3, 000. There are around 20,000 wild lions in Africa."The g reat majority of lion populations in Africa have been reduced,” says Hans Bauer, lion researcher at Oxford University Wildlife Conservation Research Unit. 'It's important to stress that South Africa's ranch lions are horror that has nothing to do with lion protection. These lions should never be taken into account in any serious analysis of the state of lions in Africa."59. What do we learn about the documentary Blood Lions?A. It has an international influence.B. It has attracted many tourists.C. It tell the story of a lion fighter.D. It has brought the producer lots of money60. Michler and his team's campaign .A. was first started in AustraliaB. has won little support in EuropeC. has achieved noticeable effectsD. aims to save endangered animals61. What can we infer about Hans Bauer?A .He suggests analyzing lions properly. B. He has seen an increase of African wild lionsC. He maybe a strong supporter of trophy hunting.D. He hopes that there will be more ranch lions in Africa.62. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain the main idea of a new film.B. To report an animal protection campaignC. To encourage fanners lo raise ranch lions.D. To advertise South Africa's hunting industry.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underl ined word ”futile'' (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceThe latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor' of success. 67 Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or shared the same birthday.68 It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success, Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She’d able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error focused. By practising in this way, site delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repealing, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into a room-dozens and dozens of times. 69 The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we're "hardwired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. 70 We construct ourselves through behaviour.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”V. Translation72. 这个专家所推荐的方法被证明是十分有效的。
上海市闵行区2017届高三上学期教学质量检测(高考一模)英语试题及答案(附听力音频及文本)
闵行区2016-2017学年第一学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2016.12 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
自助获取听力音频I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A delivery man. B. A postman. C. A policeman. D. A taxi driver.2. A. $50. B. $75. C. $150. D. $200.3. A. It’s delayed. B. It’s overcrowded. C. It’s empty. D. It’s cancelled.4. A. She has never talked in public. B. She probably is poor at giving speeches.C. She enjoys serious moments.D. She wants to give up the public speech.5. A. Finishing the lunch. B. Having a meeting.C. Arranging the room.D. Making some coffee.6. A. By going on a diet. B. By doing physical exercise.C. By having fewer meals.D. By eating fruit and vegetables.7. A. The man doesn’t have a good memory.B. The man shouldn’t have bought the chocolate.C. The man lost the chocolate in the kitchen.D. The man’s son has taken the chocolate.8. A. The man shouldn’t go for the interview.B. The man’s resume is not well-prepared.C. The man can send the resume out.D. The man should get ready for the interview.9. A. Finish the paper before meeting his professor.B. Shorten his paper into a 3000-word article.C. Get a new and more specific topic for his paper.D. Ask his professor’s help on his choice of topics.10. A. He will remain in his current job. B. He is quite satisfied with his job.C. He will ask for a higher salary.D. He can never find a better job.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Public education against smoking is lacking.B. There is no campaign against smoking.C. There are no rules regarding smoking.D. That smokers ignore the rules about smoking.12. A. It made her respect smokers in the United States.B. It made her think that smoking rules need to be changed.C. It made her want to be more polite towards nonsmokers.D. It made her more tolerant to smoker behavior.13. A. It’s no easy job to stop people smoking in Europe.B. There should be severer rules against smoking in Europe.C. We should take non-smokers’ rights into consideration.D. The speaker changed the attitude towards different smokersQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. The weight of the boxes moving across the stage.B. The number of times of repeating the process.C. The size of the objects shown on the stage.D. The shape of the cubes used in the show.15. A. Girls seem to be able to reason earlier than boys.B. Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.C. Girls tend to get excited more easily than boys.D. Boys pay more attention to moving objects than girls.16. A. They are easy to be nervous. B. They talk at an earlier age.C. They are better at physical activities.D. They have a different brain pattern.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. A detective story. B. A professor’s lecture.C. A class assignment.D. A jewelry store robbery.18. A. She was involved in a jewelry store robbery.B. She had trouble finishing her assignment.C. She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D. She was taking too many courses.19. A. Take some extra time. B. Put down whatever ideas she has first.C. Do some work for another course.D. Write the story ending first.20. A. To do research for her story. B. To go shopping.C. To meet her professor.D. To take a break from her work.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus (24)__________(gain) more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging (25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________ this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store ofinfor mation, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens toreduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let’s jus t wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida’s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛) like to eat. And it’s making them sick - even killing them.It’s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can’t even swim.“They’re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,” said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can’t swim and will drown.As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida’s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!The experts aren’t sure when the re d tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are indanger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government’s protection, Florida’s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that’s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster - just like on land.56. The word “them” (in the 1st paragraph) probably refers to “________”.A. underwater greensB. algaeC. manateesD. endangered animals7. We can learn from the passage that the red tide ________.A. causes 174 m anatees’ deaths every monthB. disables manatees’ ability to surface to breatheC. has destroyed most of the underwater greensD. helps to fertilize farm lands58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The experts’ efforts to kee p the red tide from spreading.B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The red tide has been changing the manatees’ habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.(B)For centuries, mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure. We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply, but we’ve always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers. There is exciting news now - a dog translator called body harness (see the picture) has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend.HOW IT WORKS●The platform itself is a harness that fits comfortably onto the dog, and which is equipped witha variety of technologies.●Wirel ess sensors can determine when they’re sitting, standing, running, etc, even whenthey’re out of sight.●The team developed software to collect, interpret and communicate those data, and totranslate human requests into signals on the harness through speakers and vibrating motors. WHAT’S FOR✧The harness could be used to train pets, guide dogs and other working animals.✧Sensors on the harness monitor the dog’s heart rate and body temperature.✧The sensor-packed harness can sense the animal’s movement, and the sounds it makes, lettingthe owner knows how they feel.✧Speakers and vibrating pads in the harness also allow owners to “talk back” to their animals.✧The harness is also intended for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front-line work.60. The wo rd “comply” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.A. shoutB. obeyC. disappearD. attack61. Which of the following is NOT the intension of the harness?A. To create a better communication between dogs and human.B. To enable the dogs to do demanding jobs.C. To transfer human thoughts to the dogs by means of technology.D. To monitor dog’s communicative behaviors.62. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?A. New platform: for better performances of dogs.B. Harness: a two-way communication device.C. Dog care: a completely new way possible.D. Technology: toward healthier life of dogs.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. One might almost say the printed word. Typ ically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creati ve people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.Section CDirections:Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."IV. Summary WritingDirection: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities.However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.V . TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你认为谁该为这起严重的事故负责？(responsible)73.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。
上海市闵行区2022届高三上学期期末质量调研考试英语试题 Word版含答案
2021.12.27考生留意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分.2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷共12页。
全部答题必需涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分.3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写考生号和姓名.Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation , a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read die four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a gas station B. At a gas stationC. In a park.D. In an emergency room.2. A. Clean the backyard. B. Washing something.C. Sit in the backyard.D. Do some shopping.3. A. He finds his present job boring. B. He is too foolish to do the present job.C. lie has got a beer position.D. He doesn’t get on well with the others4. A. She has a tight schedule. B. She has lost interest in sports.C. The training is too hard.D. She is only interested ill routine work.5. A. Rules restricting smoking. B. Ways to quit smoking.C. Smokers’ health problems.D. Dangers of smoking6. A. He's going to visit a photo studio. B. He's just had his picture taken.C. He's on the way to the theater.D. He's just returned from a job interview.7. A. He had to reject their request. B. He felt sorry for the other students.C. He agreed to consider their requestD. He regretted that he had said “Yes".8. A. She is trying to find a good-looking chair. B. She thinks it is a well-designed chair.C. She thinks the chair is actually comfortable.D. She's never sat in that chair before.9. A. She used to be in poor health. B. She was popular among boysC. She was somewhat overweightD. She didn’t do well at high school10. A. Review the details of all her lessons B. Compare notes with his classmatesC. Talk with her about his learning problems.D. Focus on the main points of her lecturesSection BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The excitement of nerve activities in the brain.B. The difference between complex music and simple music.C. The effects of music on the results of math tests.D. The classical music and reasoning ability.12. A. Because it stimulates your nerve activity.B. Because it keeps you calmC. Because it strengthens your memory.D. Because it interferes your reasoning ability.13. A. Rock music might help improve your math test scoresB. The effects of music on tests do not last long.C. Listen to music just before you take a testD. The more you listen to music, the better your reasoning ability will beQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is the most unlucky day in a year. B. It is the busiest shopping day now.C. It is the day after ThanksgivingD. It is the day before Christmas.15. A. Check out the latest price reduction online. B. Look round for items in the physical stores. C. Order the products from the online stores. D. Wait in queue outside the stores overnight. 16. A. 100 million dollars.B. 670 million dollars.C. 20 billion dollars.D. 25 billion dollarsQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A Their attitudes about work B. Different forms of work. C. Importance of work for oneself. D. Balanced life and work. 18. A. The most hopeful. B. The most challenging.. C. The most creative.D. The most enjoyable.19. A. His negative attitude towards work. B. His unwillingness to do something for others. C. His selfishness in doing things.D. His misunderstanding about publishing work20. A. The work is worth doing if it is challenging and competitive. B. The work should be very creative leading to a wonder. C. One should like his work and stick to it as long as he takes it. D One should find satisfaction in his work if it is necessary. ⅡGrammar and Vocabulary' Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a fewmoments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down －she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed 25 he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more 26 (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. 27you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."As it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in 29 they hear －and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation 30 (bad). Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. How many times have parents had to ague with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safely, but is their 31 to social media really harming them.Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it fat more accessible than it 32 was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to 33 with their families, which they sometimes view as "annoying ”. So, what do these kids use as a solution or a(n)“ 34 " The answer is simple social media.However when they use social media for a large amount of time, parents lend to show concern for their child and blame social media for 35 their attention.The word, "social", was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seemto understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they using it to get away from real world 36 .The truth, however, is that they are using it to conned with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modem worldChildren and teens are 37 accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the 38 for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another 39.Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the 40 from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Your boss tells you that you did a bad job. Your coworker criticizes you in front of your whole team. Ouch! It's not easy to take criticism, no matter who it comes from. But, it is easy to _41_ the blow when you offer criticism to someone in English. Merely by altering your wording and your attitude, you can help someone grow instead of making them feel 42.Phrases like "You’re wrong! ” and “Your presentation was terrible!" have no place in effective 43. In fact, it's best to leave the word "you" out, if at all possible. 44 attacks make people feel defective, and then they won't really listen to anything you have to say.Before starting with the criticism, warm the person up with 45 .If you are discussing their work, find several things you truly like about what they have done. For example, "I enjoyed your presentation today. You presented a lot of good and helpful information in it, and I can tell you put a lot of effort into it. I appreciate your hard work." This will lower their 46 and make them feel appreciated.However, a short 47 compliment followed by "but" such as “It was a helpful talk, but you really need to improve your presentation skills" won't do much to help the process. After you’ve shared your compliments, allow them time to be 48 . As a matter of fact, 49 following your compliment with a “,but” will destroy all you've tried lo accomplish by making your 50 seem false and insincere.Remember that the goal of constructive criticism isn’t to make the person feel terrible: it's to help them grow. Instead of directly 51 the person, try to get the message through to them in the form of light-hearted advice. Phrases like. "Next time you might want to…” or “I find it helpful to " can 52 the blame while still leaving an impact: "Next time you might want to give a little more attention to the audience. I find it helpful to look people in the eyes while I am speaking"People can't change overnight, especially if they don’t get detailed 53. As you might have known, 54 saying “you need to work on your presentation skills “won’t help a soul! Be detailed in your advice! Show moderation when you criticize anyone and keep in your mind that over-criticism can easily 55 people. Remember, you want them to keep trying and improving. Don't leave them feeling defeated'41. A. suffer B. accept C. soft D. ignore42. A defeated B encouraged C. motivated D. disturbed43. A. discussion B. argument C. explanation D. criticism44. A. Immediate B. Personal C. Accurate D. Continuous45. A. interactions B. impressions C. personalities D. compliments46. A. defense B spirit C. moral D. position47. A. decisive B. serious C. vague D. concrete48. A. corrected B. challenged C. debated D. absorbed49. A. carefully B. reluctantly C. immediately D. occasionally50. A. praise B. attitude C. assistance D. achievement51. A. helping B. accusing C. praising D. dismissing52. A. make up B. focus on C. lead to D. take away53. A. command B. comment C. instruction D. information54. A. sincerely B. simply C. politely D. unwillingly55. A. overload B promote C. inspire D simulateSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements .For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage your have just read.(A)Korean Americans at GBS High .SchoolGlenbrook South (GBS) High School is in a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is anaward-winning school with a highly competent teaching staff. It has over 400 Asian Pacific .American students-over17 percent of die students in the school. Of these, the majority are Korean American. This is very unusual in a state where Korean Americans are less than 1 percent of the population. The interactions of the Korean American students at UBS were the subject of an article in Asian Week magazine.Different Korean American students react differently to being in a high school were most students are white. Professor Pyong Gap Min, an expert on Korean life in America, believes that Korean Americans in this situation can sometimes feel inhibited or ashamed of their Korean identity. Asian Week interviewed a number of GBS students, and each had a different attitude.Alice 18 years oldI used to spend time only with Korean American friends Although I felt secure with those friends, I found myself motivated to form closer relationship with non-Koreans, too. I felt I was missing out on new experiences and challenges.Paul 16 years oldI have some Korean American friends, but I spend most of my time with white friends. I’m often the only Asian American in the group, but I don’t mind. What I like about the white culture is that I can be more radical. I can be as loud and funny as I want to be. I don’t see as much of that among the Asian students.John 17 years oldIn junior high school, most of my friends were white. After coming to GBS, my sense of my Korean American identity was restored, and I decided to have mainly Korean American friends. I feel that my Korean American friends and I mainly understand each other better. For example, we understand about severe parental pressures to succeed at school; I felt my white friends couldn’t really und erstand.Without belittle(轻视）the importance of what these students had to say, it’s imp ortant to remember that their opinions at this phase of their lives ate bound to change as they grow into adulthood. But these honest opinions can help us better understand issues of culture relations, and their honesty might help Americans from different cultural groups to get along better in the future.56. The passage mainly discusses .A. how Korean American students interact among themselves and with othersB. why Illinois is a very special stateC. how an Illinois high school welcomes Korean American studentsD. different opinions of the friends of Korean American students57. Which statement best summarizes Alice's attitude? A. She feels that her white friends don’t really understand herB. She likes her Korean American friends but wants to have non-Korean friends too.C. She feels she is missing out on experiences with her Korean American fiends.D. She doesn’t fe el secure in her relationships with non-Koreans.58. The underlined word “radical” most probably means" "A. timidB. expressiveC. considerateD. sensitive(B)The documentary Blood Lions shows South Africa's cruel "canned' lion hunting industry. In canned hunts, lions are raised by humans and kept in enclosed spaces on private hunting areas. Hunters can get trophy （战利品）easily in exchange for fees of up to $50, 000. There are about 8,000 ranch lions in South Africa. So the country’s hunt operators can make a fortune.Ian Michler was a lead character in the film. He talked about Blood Lions last July when it was shown in Durban, South Africa. The film has since been viewed in 185 countries. More than 50 screenings have been held at film festivals and in meetings of special interest groups. This year, Blood Lions will be shown at every major tourism conference in Europe and Africa.Outside the film, Michler and the team are running a global campaign. They are aiming at ending canned hunts and other cold-blooded activities involving lions and other animals.Australia became the first country, in February 2021, to forbid imports of lion trophies. It was followed by France in November, That month, Blood Lions was shown in the European Parliament. As a result, the government of Finland, Italy, and Spain decided to hold their own screenings. There are a number of other countries likely to do the same.At the same time, at the end of last year, the world's leading group of African lion researchers offered an important suggestion They advised that any analysis of the present state of wild lions in South Africa should not include its thousands of ranch lions. Wild lions in South Africa now number some 3, 000. There are around 20,000 wild lions in Africa."The great majority of lion populations in Africa have been reduced,” says Hans Bauer, lion researcher at Oxford University Wildlife Conservation Research Unit. 'It's important to stress that South Africa's ranch lions are horror that has nothing to do with lion protection. These lions should never be taken into account in any serious analysis of the state of lions in Africa."59. What do we learn about the documentary Blood Lions?A. It has an international influence.B. It has attracted many tourists.C. It tell the story of a lion fighter.D. It has brought the producer lots of money60. Michler and his team's campaign .A. was first started in AustraliaB. has won little support in EuropeC. has achieved noticeable effectsD. aims to save endangered animals61. What can we infer about Hans Bauer?A .He suggests analyzing lions properly.B. He has seen an increase of African wild lionsC. He maybe a strong supporter of trophy hunting.D. He hopes that there will be more ranch lions in Africa.62. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain the main idea of a new film.B. To report an animal protection campaignC. To encourage fanners lo raise ranch lions.D. To advertise South Africa's hunting industry.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The under lined word ”futile'' (in paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts described in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.Section CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once .Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not IQ, a generally bad predictor' of success. 68 Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you'd take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or shared the same birthday.68 It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success, Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She’d able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error focused. By practising in this way, site delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repealing, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems-how do I get characters into a room-dozens and dozens of times. 69The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It's the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and whatwe're "hardwired" to do. And it's true that genes play a role in our capabilities. 70 We construct ourselves through behaviour.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North Am erican’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flyingover California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这个专家所推举的方法被证明是格外有效的。
上海市普陀区2017届高三上学期教学质量检测一模英语试题及答案word版.doc
普陀区2016-2017学年第一学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2016.12 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd.C. On February 3rdD. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university.7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C.The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffee isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.C.She will turn to her manager.D.She declines the man's offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12. A. Give advice. B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Acce pt someone’s complaints.13.A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15.A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16.A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats.B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.Grammar andvocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22)amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25)disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26) I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allowsomeone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance.(28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removedH. doubtsI. revealsJ. shadowK. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are 31 whether some paintingsattributed (归属）to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One suchpainting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, andindeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that ofportraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with thepainting that 32 it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman in the 33 is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 , but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood 39 together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was 40 from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points thanwould otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he hadto make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)Holidaylocation Mountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the WorldHeritage-listed National Park Pelican Resort A true coral island right on theGreat Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Cedar Lodge Amixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings forPrice*$330 $580 $740 Number of nights 2 4 4Daily meals included in Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optionalextra)Renovation: resort will close for May Free minibus trip around island Oldest living rainforestFree bikes and tenniscourts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours 1/2 hour by minibus 10 mins by taxi60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs*Price ： per person, per package, twin shareChildren 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^ Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a car eer has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。
上海市松江区2017届高三上学期期末质量监控英语试题（含答案）
上海市松江区2016-2017学年度第一学期质量监控（一模）试卷高三英语(满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a train station. B. At a gas station.C. At a gas station.D. At a bus station.2. A. $4. B. $10. C. $14. D. $.14.3. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.D. Waiter and diner.4. A. She has got everything ready. B. She never hesitates over what to take.C. She hates packing by herself.D. She needs more time for packing.5. A. They should wait for John for a while. B. They should stay here for the night.C. They should start the meeting right away.D. They should call John at once.6. A. Reasonable. B. Bright. C. Serious. D. Ridiculous.7. A. She i sn‟t in the mood to travel. B. France is too far for family holiday.C. Family holiday no longer interests her.D. She has had too many holidays this year.8. A. Send leaflets. B. Go sightseeing. C. Do some gardening. D. V isit a lawyer.9. A. The man is too forgetful. B. The man shouldn‟t get annoyed.C. The man has too many keys.D. The man should attend more lessons.10. A. He wants to live in apartments. B. He thinks his signature is unnecessary.C. He has already signed a contract.D. He doesn‟t always say what he means.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Use the company‟s equipment. B. Give orders to robots.C. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Education children. B. saving rare animals.C. Recreating an environment.D. Making a profit.15. A. Animals make visitors stressful. B. Animals must live their lives in cages.C. Animals can feel bored and sad.D. Animals are in danger of extinction.16. A. They are still useful and necessary.B. They have more disadvantages than advantages.C. They are a perfect environment for animals.D. They are recreational places for animals.Section CDirections: In Section C，you will hear a conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It comes from the heart. B. It‟s something you have to think about.C. It never gets boring.D. It‟s not a feeling or an emotion.18. A. She had long black hair. B. She wore black leather clothes.C. She never wore pants.D. She wore blue jeans.19. A. Up Y our Alley. B. The Blackhearts.C. Cary GlitterD. Sly and the Family Stone.20. A. She didn‟t actually have much influence.B. People still don‟t understand her.C. She still wants to perform.D. She is a star on the stage.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Maddie and her mother, Stephanie, thought the screams for help were just Boy Scouts (童子军）around. But then they saw the scene: the boy scouts surrounding a hiker who (21) ____________ (take) a scary Six-meter drop in an area near the Hoover Dam, a fall that left his right arm with a bone (22) ____________ (stick) out. The mother and the daughter (23) ____________ (suppose) to be having a fun-filled weekend tocelebrate Maddie's 17th birthday. But the trip turned into an emergency life-saving adventure. Maddie and her mother were nearly a kilometer into their 18-kilometer river trip in Black Canyon when they pulled onto some sand. The boy scouts, (24) ____________ had called 9,1, had tied a loose bandage around the hiker, broken arm to stop the bleeding.Maddie knew another bandage was needed and thought of her lifeguard training. She asked (25) ____________ anyone had a pen or a stick, and someone picked up a branch. She turned the bandage, careful not to hit the bone (26) ____________ it stopped most of the bleeding.The girl grew up doing junior guards and had recently taken a first aid class as part of her training (27) ____________ (become) a lifeguard with California State Parks at Crystal Cove. “I‟m happy these trainings are so usefu l” she said. “(28) ____________ them, this guy probably would have died. This is something I will never forget. I‟ve been considering my col lege and future career choices and now really feels like that the emergency medical field is (29) ____________ I would enjoy.”It‟s not the first time Maddie has quickly jumped into action when (30) ____________ (need). In 2015 when she was just 15 during the Surf City Marathon, she was near a man who dropped at mile 26. She pulled him out of the road and treated him for shock until paramedics (医务人员）arrive .Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once.Good news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) __31__ the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” as the union released its updated Red List on Sept. 4 at Hawaii with their __32__ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the __33__ force behind the animal's re-prosperity. The number of panda __34__ in China has also jumped to 67, from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda‟s habitat ha s given them back their space with food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also move d from “endangered” to “near t h reatened”. According to a statement from IUCN, the animal's numbers have shrunk severely - dropping from around 1 million to a(n) __35__ 65,000 -- 72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s - due to commercial poaching (偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been __36__ to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved __37__，wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still facechallenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would __38__ the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to __39__ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to their risk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, __40__ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, and geographic range.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How to help your kids find a purpose? Y ou don‟t have to start with the really big questions. Quick, what s the meaning of li fe?” Many of us may not be able to answer that, but that doesn‟t __41__ our kids don‟t have questions or need answers.“The sense that your personal life is __42__ to you is a basis of psychological well-being,” says Michael F. Steger，director of the laboratory for Meaning and Quality of Life at Colorado State University. Not only that，it is tightly tied to being happier, more positive, more __43__, more caring, more helpful, more resilient (坚初), and more satisfied in your life, relationships, and work.But helping your kids find meaning doesn‟t mean parents have to __44__ all life‟s ancient mysteries, Steger says. The __45__ is to understand the difference between the meaning of life and the meaning in life.“We do not have to start with the biggest and mos t troubling questions about our lives,” Steger says. “We can start with trying to __46__ how, today, right now, we are going to do one thing that makes the story of our lives more positive, or makes a positive difference to someone else.”With kids in __47__ school, Steger says, “At the most basic level, our best hopes for our children are that they feel their lives matter and that they __48__.” To start conversations along those lines, says Steger, “Y ou can ask questions about what they think their best __49__ or strengths are, whether they have good relationships with other people, whether they care about others. Y ou can ask them about times when they have made a difference, made someone feel better, felt __50__ for doing something, or helped someone out. All of these kinds of questions can start a conversation about your kid‟s __51__ way of being in and contributing to the world.”In middle school, says Steger, “Kids are being exposed to ideas, behaviors, assumptions, and priorities that might be __52__ different from the ones they have always assumed were true.” So for kids this age, parents can start conversations focusing on how your children‟s sense of who they are, how they related to others and what life is has been __53__.By high school, according to Steger, “We hope our children see how much their lives matter, see thatthey are at the beginning of an exciting and strengthening life story, and have some slight ideas about __54__.”But the question of what you want to do with your life is too big for a single conversation, says Steger. Instead, he encourages parents to have __55__, smaller conversations with their kids about how they view themselves and their lives, and what kind of impact they would like to make.41. A. intend B. mean C. remain D. hope42. A. significant B. decisive C. meaningful D. useful43. A. confident B. cautious C. intelligent D. special44. A. discover B. present C. memorize D. solve45. A. trick B. occupation C. address D. promise46. A. look for B. pick up C. deal with D. figure out47. A. junior B. advanced C. elementary D. senior48. A. make a difference B. spare no effort C. take the initiative D. make a living49. A. specialties B. qualities C. features D. performances50. A. appreciated B. prepared C. understood D. well-known51. A. apparent B. smart C. unique D. appropriate52. A. generally B. eventually C. impossibly D. completely53. A. improving B. strengthening C. appearing D. changing54. A. truth B. purpose C. positivity D. contribution55. A. permanent B. long-lasting C. frequent D. occasionalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Researchers have developed a method to activate electronic implants in the body and eliminate bacterial infections using a wireless signal. When triggered by remote technology, the device delivers heat to infected tissue. And it could lead to technologies that enable drugs andtreatment to be delivered to patients at the press of a button.The technology was developed by researchers at Tufts University in Massachusetts and the University of Illinois. Mice were given electronic implants that, when a signal was sent, heated up to treat tissue that was infected with staphylococcus, which can cause life-threatening infections of the blood. Tissues collected from the mice 24 hours after treatment showed no sign of the infection, while the device dissolved in 15 days, proving it can not only treat infections but also be disposed of easily.The research, which also eliminated E. coli bacteria, was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Each device, made of silk and magnesium(镁元素)，harmlessly dissolved in the animals after the tests. The heating device in the implants has a resistor and power-receiving coil made ofmagnesium, and the magnesium is wrapped in …packet‟ of silk, keeping it safe and controlling its dissolution time. The ability of the device to dissolve is important, as it means such implants would not need to be removed. Implantable medical devices normally use non-degradable materials that have limited operational lifetimes and must eventually be removed or replaced. But these new wireless therapy devices can handle the surgical process, and can then dissolve in minutes or weeks, depending on the time needed."This is an important demonstration step forward for the development of on-demand medial devices that can be turned on remotely to perform a therapeutic function in a patient and then safely disappear after their use, requiring no retrieval,” said senior author Fiorenzo Omenetto, professor of biomedical engineering at Tufts School of Engineering. “These wireless strategies could help manage post-surgical infection, for example, or pave the way for eventual Wi-Fi drug delivery.”56. What is special function about the new discovery?A. It can favourably be used while-treatment stage of a disease.B. The device has offered drugs at the press of a button.C. Implantable devices often use materials that have limited operational lifetimes.D. The implant can be controlled to treat infection and will dissolve later in the body.57.Staphylococcus is most probably _______.A. a virus which can cost a person his lifeB. a therapy which can make a person‟s life longerC. a device which can cure a person‟s diseaseD. a process which can lead to the infection of a virus58.We can infer from the passage that _______.A. Wi-Fi promises a new way of treatmentB. research brings about new discoveriesC. technology offers new opportunitiesD. medicine requires persistent efforts(B)Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are shared among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad (无数）of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationship of all those prices makes up the “system” of prices. The p rice of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of arbitrarily individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction (交易). This definition is, ofcourse, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount but the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, and the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that make up of the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.59. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to _______.A. Labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. Utilities and repairsD. products and services60.All the following are the factors in the complete understanding of price except _______.A. instructions that come with a productB. the quantity of a productC. the quality of a productD. guarantees that cover a product61. In the last line of the passage, the word “they” refers to _______.A. Return privilegesB. guarantees on the product or serviceC. Buyers and sellerD. delivery and credit terms62. The paragraph following this passage will most likely discuss _______.A. unusual ways to evaluate prices of productsB. types of payment plans for product and serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of price “package” influence its market value(C)There will eventually come a day when the New York T imes ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper‟s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia (怀旧) for ink on paper, there are plenty of reasons to abandon print. The infrastructure (基础设施) required to make a physical newspaper -- printing presses, delivery trucks -- isn‟t just expensive; it‟s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don‟t have the same set of financial restrictions. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still overshadow their online and mobile counterparts, revenue (收入) from print is still declining.Cost may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn‟t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, ……but if you discontinue it, you‟re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that‟s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming (流媒体). “It was seen as a mistake,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. “If I were in charge at the Times, I wouldn‟t pick a year to end print,” Peretti said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favou r, the idea goes, and they‟d feel like that they were helping maintain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you‟re overpaying for print, you could feel like that you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you‟re going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year -- more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“It‟s a really hard thing to do and it‟s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn‟t have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. “But we‟re going to have questions like that w here we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.63. The New Y ork Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to _______.A. the high cost of operationB. the pressure from its investorsC. the complaints from its readersD. the increasing online ad sales64. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation the Times should _______.A. seek new sources of readershipB. end the print edition for goodC. aim for efficient managementD. strategic adjustments65.Peretti believes that in a changing world _______.A. legacy businesses are becoming outdatedB. cautiousness helps problem-solvingC. traditional luxuries can stay unaffectedD. aggressiveness better meets challenge66.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.Shift to Online Newspapers All At Once.B.Cherish the Newspapers Still in Y our Hand.C. Make Y our Print Newspapers a Luxury Good.D. Keep Y our Newspapers Forever m Fashion.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given m the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.It is found that American students spend less than 15% of their time in school. 67 _______. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, for example, finds that parental involvement -- checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home -- has a more powerful influence on students, academic performance than anything about the school the students attend. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents reading stories aloud, is devoted by either teachers or the students themselves. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement.68 _______. But it is also revealed in researches that parents, of all backgrounds, don‟t need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an advantage. T hey don‟t need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-preparation courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler: talk.But not just any talk. 69 _______. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics founds that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as powerful in promoting language development as the ones in which the adult did all the talking. Engaging in this reciprocal(双向的) back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thought and opinions matter.The content of parents‟conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge, report researchers from the University of Chicago. While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. Research finds that parents play an important role in what is called “academic socialization” -- setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals. 70 _______.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Now another American education icon may be disappearing: the hardbound textbook. More and more school districts are replacing traditional textbooks with electronic ones. Electronic textbooks are usuallyaccessed either through an online server or are downloaded to student laptops.In North Texas, Plano and Irving schools are introducing e-books into a few classrooms, and Lancaster school officials also are considering them. But no local district appears to be going as far as Forney. The district most likely would be the first in the state to use e-books in every classroom for grades five to twelve.Officials point out several reasons for turning to e-books. For one, they are easier to update. Thus the publishers are able to find ways to do online textbooks and they can go back and change information. Using e-books will better prepare students for college and the workplace.Rapid district growth is another reason. The number of the students in the district is expected to double within five years. It‟s difficult to know textbook needs in advance and some students wait months for their books. But e-books can be uploaded onto a “blank” laptop in a few hours.Cost may eventually be a deciding cause for choosing e-books, but here are no big savings yet. Even if they get it electronically, they still have to pay for the book because they‟re buying the instructional material. That may change as more and more districts move towards e-books.Today‟s students have little trouble adjusting to laptops and e-books, said Connie Cooley, who has taught at the Academy of Irving ISD for five years. But she said it could worry teachers.“It‟s harder for people who are right around my age and older.” said Ms. Cooley, 36. “I‟m laptop-savvy, so I was ready for it, but those that aren‟t are a little worrying.V. T ranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.任何为实现梦想而付诸行动的人都应受到尊敬。
2017B闵行高三2模-参考答案新
闵行区2017学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷参考答案及评分标准I. Listening Comprehension1. A2. B3. C4. D5. D6. D7. D8. B9. C10. C 11. A12. B13. D14. C15.C16. B17. A18. C19. C20. D评分标准: 第1—10小题每题1分；第11—20小题每题2分。
II. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. the latest22. though23. to appear24. were making25. herself26. when27. a28. until29. on30. goingSection B31. C32. F33. G34. K35. H36. A37. E38. I39. D40. J评分标准:每小题1分III. Reading ComprehensionSection A41. C42. B43. D44. A45. C46. B47. D48. A49. C50. B51. C52. A53. D54. A55. B评分标准: 每小题1分Section B56. A57. B58. C59. A60. D61. C62. B63. A64. D65. C 66. A67. E68. B69. D70. F评分标准: 每小题2分IV. Summary Writing参考答案(得分点)：1. Conscientiousness is the feature of model organizational employees and keeps the company functioning successfully.2. Conscientiousness has both advantages and disadvantages.3. With conscientiousness, employees give outstanding performance, so they are less likely to be jobless.4. Meanwhile, conscientious people without social skills tend to have tense relationships with their fellow workers and conscientiousness can also damage creativity.评分标准：另见V. Translation参考答案及评分细则72. Send the letter to whoever is in charge of after-sale service, please.73. More and more citizens are expected to participate in the national fitness program.74. It’s no use complaining about too much homework; you may as well learn how to manage your time properly.75. Now many students are addictive to (obsessed with) online world, substituting face-to-face communication with online chatting, which makes parents and teachers concerned (worried).评分标准1、第72-73题3分；第74题每题4分；第75题5分。
(完整版)2017年上海闵行区高三英语一模试卷和答案
2016-2017学年第一学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A postman. B. A policeman. C. A delivery man. D. A taxi driver.2. A. $50. B. $75. C. $150. D. $200.3. A. It’s delayed. B. It’s overcrowded. C. It’s empty. D. It’s cancelled.4. A. She has never talked in public. B. She probably is poor at giving speeches.C. She enjoys serious moments.D. She wants to give up the public speech.5. A. Finishing the lunch. B. Having a meeting.C. Arranging the room.D. Making some coffee.6. A. By going on a diet. B. By doing physical exercise.C. By having fewer meals.D. By eating fruit and vegetables.7. A. The man doesn’t have a good memory. B. The man shouldn’t have bought the chocolate.C. The man lost the chocolate in the kitchen.D. The man’s son has taken the chocolate.8. A. The man shouldn’t go for the interview. B. The man’s resume is not well-prepared.C. The man can send the resume out.D. The man should get ready for the interview.9. A. Finish the paper before meeting his professor. B. Shorten his paper into a 3000-word article.C. Get a new and more specific topic for his paper.D. Ask his professor’s help on his choice of topics.10. A. He will remain in his current job. B. He is quite satisfied with his job.C. He will ask for a higher salary.D. He can never find a better job.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Public education against smoking is lacking. B. There is no campaign against smoking.C. There are no rules regarding smoking.D. That smokers ignore the rules about smoking.12. A. It made her respect smokers in the United States.B. It made her think that smoking rules need to be changed.C. It made her want to be more polite towards nonsmokers.D. It made her more tolerant to smoker behavior.13. A. It’s no easy job to stop people smoking in Europe.B. There should be severer rules against smoking in Europe.C. We should take non-smokers’ rights into consideration.D. The speaker changed the attitude towards different smokersQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. The weight of the boxes moving across the stage.B. The number of times of repeating the process.C. The size of the objects shown on the stage.D. The shape of the cubes used in the show.15. A. Girls seem to be able to reason earlier than boys.B. Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.C. Girls tend to get excited more easily than boys.D. Boys pay more attention to moving objects than girls.16. A. They are easy to be nervous. B. They talk at an earlier age.C. They are better at physical activities.D. They have a different brain pattern.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. A detective story. B. A professor’s lecture.C. A class assignment.D. A jewelry store robbery.18. A. She was involved in a jewelry store robbery.B. She had trouble finishing her assignment.C. She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D. She was taking too many courses.19. A. Take some extra time. B. Put down whatever ideas she has first.C. Do some work for another course.D. Write the story ending first.20. A. To do research for her story. B. To go shopping.C. To meet her professor.D. To take a break from her work.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus (24)__________(gain) more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging (25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is aserious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________ this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____”to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consum ers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related war ning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the prod uct’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida’s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛) like to eat. And it’s making them sick - even killing them.It’s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can’t even swim.“They’re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,”said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can’t swim and will drown.As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida’s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!The experts aren’t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government’s protection, Florida’s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that’s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster - just like on land.56. The word “them” (in the 1st paragraph) probably refers to “________”.A. underwater greensB. algaeC. manateesD. endangered animals57. We can learn from the passage that the red tide ________.A. causes 174 manatees’ deaths every monthB. disables manatees’ ability to surface to breatheC. has destroyed most of the underwater greensD. helps to fertilize farm lands58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The experts’ efforts to keep the red tide from spreading.B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The red tide has been changing the manatees’ habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.(B)For centuries, mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure. We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply, but we’ve always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers. There is exciting news now - a dog translator called body harness (see the picture) has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend. HOW IT WORKS●The platform itself is a harness that fits comfortably onto the dog, and which is equipped with avariety of technologies.●Wireless sensors can determine when they’re sitting, standing, running, etc, even when they’re out ofsight.●The team developed software to collect, interpret and communicate those data, and to translate humanrequests into signals on the harness through speakers and vibrating motors.WHAT’S FOR✧The harness could be used to train pets, guide dogs and other working animals.✧Sensors on the harness monitor the dog’s heart rate and body temperature.✧The sensor-packed harness can sense the animal’s movement, and the sounds it makes, letting theowner knows how they feel.✧Speakers and vibrating pads in the harness also allow owners to “talk back” to their animals.✧The harness is also intended for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front-line work.60. The word “comply” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.A. shoutB. obeyC. disappearD. attack61. Which of the following is NOT the intension of the harness?A. To create a better communication between dogs and human.B. To enable the dogs to do demanding jobs.C. To transfer human thoughts to the dogs by means of technology.D. To monitor dog’s communicative behaviors.62. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?A. New platform: for better performances of dogs.B. Harness: a two-way communication device.C. Dog care: a completely new way possible.D. Technology: toward healthier life of dogs.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. One might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining theshape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.Section CDirections:Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."IV. Summary WritingDirection: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporaryloneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你认为谁该为这起严重的事故负责？(responsible)73.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。
上海市闵行区2016届高三上学期一模英语试卷 Word
闵行区2015学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(A)A few years ago, Maxine Bedat looked in her closet. It was full of clothes, but she had nothing to wear. “That was (25)______ it was a closet full of fast fashion based on hyper-trends (超时尚) from one season to the next,” said Maxine.“Fast fashion” means clothes which are inexpensive but look like (26)______ (late) designs from top fashion houses. One reason for the success of the fast fashion is the rise of the social media. A report found that Millennials (千禧一代) want to wear a variety of clothes in the photos they post on social media. As a result, many businesses which offer trendy and low-cost clothes grow quickly.However, some Millennials are not happy with the rise of fast fashion. Maxine was tired of always shopping for (27)______ was in style. Instead, she wanted to buy fewer clothes she could wear over and over. So Maxine started a “slow fashion” clothing company called Zady. The clothes it sells often feature classic colors and shapes, and are made from natural materials.The international business H&M, one of the best-known fast fashion brands, has another approach to “slow fashion.” It has created a recycling program for clothes, (28)______ invites people to bring clothes they no longer want to H&M stores. Shoppers who donate old clothes can receive (29)______ discount on new things they buy. After that, H&M does several things with shoppers‟ old clothes. Some of them are sold again. Some are turned into other useful items. And the rest (30)______(reduce) to fiber (纤维制品) that can be reused as building materials.Here (31)______(come) stylish but sustainable fashion. Are you ready to move over fast fashion?(B)Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. (32) ______(Expect) a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. “This will be (33)______ a walk in the park,” he‟d told his wife. “I‟ll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom.”Things started we ll, but just after eight o‟c lock, his three little “good kid s”—Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast, daddy.” When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoon on Alex‟s head (34) ______ ______ it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat. Mike chanted “Where‟s my toast, where‟s my toast” in the background. Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.Life became worse after breakfast. Mik e wore Randy‟s underwear on his head. Randy locked (35) ______ in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, (36) ______ they were before their very eyes. Someone (37) ______(name) “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started.By ten o‟clock, things were out of control. Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared (38) ______(draw) a picture quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realized that the talk show was over and (39)______(read) would be impossible.At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre. “I suddenly have to g o into work and my wife‟s away. (40)______ I bring the boys over in a few minutes?” The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.Section BA. indicatorB. predictC. processD. movementE. adaptF. trackedG. formationH. deliberateI. similarJ. advantageousK. surprisedDogs Used to Be More Like CatsResearchers studying fossils (化石) of the early ancestors of dogs that lived up to 40 million years ago believe the predators (捕食性动物) evolved as a direct consequence of climate change. The study claims the (41)______ transformed man‟s best friend from a creature that behaved more like a cat, into the canine (犬) we know and love today.Ancestors of dogs living in North America 40 million years ago were ambush (伏击式) predators—in a(n) (42)______ way to cats‟. But a million years later, the thick forest that once covered the continent began to give way to grasslands. This led to a(n) (43)______ in the body shape and hunting behavior of dogs, turning them into animals that no longer (44)______ their prey (猎物), but chased it down instead.This evolutionary transition was (45)______ by the scientists who examined the elbows and teeth of 32 species of dogs that lived between 40 million and two million years ago.“The elbow is a really good (46)______ of what carnivores (食肉动物) are doing with their forelimbs(前肢), which tells their entire (47)______ abilities,” said Brown University‟s Christine Janis, who led the study.The research was based on an analysis of fossil specimens(标本) in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. It suggests dog evolution was directly related to climate change. After all, it was not (48)______ to operate as a pursuit-and-pounce predator until there was room to run.If predators evolved with climate change over the last 40 million years, the authors argue they may continue to (49)______ in response to the present global warming trend. In this way, the results of the study could help (50)______ how animals may look in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ATwo friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. 51 , according to an official report on youth violence, “in our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren‟t students taught to manage 52 the way they are taught to solve math problems or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is 53 . A report indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor 54 . For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. 55the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn‟t in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can 56 the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, 57 words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key 58 for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to make the speaker‟s position clear. Then the two people should change59 .60 , students need to consider what they are hearing. This d oesn‟t mean trying to figure out what‟s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to 61 . For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one personthinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes 62 , the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doe sn‟t, 63 thought helps both sides figure out a better solution.After students started a conflict resolution, there has been an increase in student 64 . Learning to resolve conflicts can help students 65 friends, teachers, parents, bosses and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.51. A. As a result B. In fact C. By contrast D. On the contrary52. A. conflict B. lives C. relationships D. affairs53. A. violent B. global C. unresolved D. unavoidable54. A. remark B. assumption C. insult D. resolution55. A. Preference for B. Particularity aboutC. Complaint overD. Laughter over56. A. interpret B. practice C. assess D. bend57. A. soft B. tough C. critical D. clear58. A. measure B. strategy C. assessment D. application59. A. responses B. attitudes C. roles D. intentions60. A. Contrarily B. Relatively C. Consequently D. Finally61. A. accomplish B. ignore C. foresee D. seek62. A. wider B. clearerC. more complexD. more critical63. A. unselfish B. initial C. inspiring D. careful64. A. cooperation B. argument C. gratitude D. support65. A. admire B. select C. deal with D. back up Section B(A)(You may read the questions first.)We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.Using your NatWest Service CardAs a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft (透支) to cover it). It is also a chequeguarantee card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.Using your NatWest Cash CardYou can use your Cash Card as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw what you have in your account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.Using your cards abroadYou can also use your Se rvice Card and Cash Card when you‟re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see the Cirrus or Maestro logo displayed.We take a commission charge(手续费) of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make (up to￡4) and a commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro to pay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.65%.Using your NatWest Credit CardWith your credit card you can do the following:＊Pay for goods and s ervices and enjoy up to 56 days‟ interest-free credit.＊Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the MasterCard or Visa logos.＊Collect one AIR MILE for every￡20 of spending that appears on your statement(结算单). (This does not inclu de foreign currency or traveler‟s cheques bought, interest and other charges.)66. If you carry the Service Card or the Cash Card, ________.A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wishB. you can draw your money from cash machines convenientlyC. you can spend as much money as you like without a limitD. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK67. If you withdraw￡200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged________.A. ￡4B. ￡4.5C. ￡5.25D. ￡5.368. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.B. You can use the card in any shop across the world.C. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.D. You will gain one air mile if you spend ￡20 on traveller‟s cheques.69. The purpose of the passage is to show you how to ________.A. pay for goods with your cardsB. use your cards abroadC. draw cash with your cardsD. play your cards right(B)A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna (热带草原) elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils，mammoths and mastodons，the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The separation of the two species took place around the time of the separation of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been a debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the ele phants‟ signi ficant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University of Minois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation (保护) purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority for conse rvation purpose.”70. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.A. the Asian elephantB. the forest elephantC. the savanna elephantD. the mastodon elephant71. The researche r‟s conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant‟s ________.A. DNAB. heightC. weightD. population72. Alfred Roca‟s words were mainly about ________.A. the purpose of studying African elephantsB. the conservation of African elephantsC. the way to divide African elephants into two unitsD. the reason for the distinction of African elephants73. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Naturalist‟s Belief about Elephants.B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants.C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants.D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants.(C)A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the story of the games is analyzed they can be seen to fall into some styles. The two styles most popular with the children I interviewed were …Platformers‟ and …Beat-them-ups.‟ Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated(动画的) characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children‟s cartoons where a character i s hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away unscathed.Argument has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children‟s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after longtime exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger whi ch often expresses itself in aggressive …yells‟ at the screen. It is not only the …Beat-them-up‟ games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their …lives‟ and …die‟ just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on themoving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination (协调). When the player loses and the words …Game over‟ appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggression felt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced when defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming …addictive‟: the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have …one last go‟ in the hope of doing better next time.Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.74. The best title for the passage is _______.A. How to control anger while playing computer gamesB. There is no difference between …Platformers‟and …Beat-Them-Ups‟C. How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in childrenD. How to make children spend less time on computer games75. The word “unscathed” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.A. unharmedB. unbeatenC. unsettledD. unhappy76. According to Paragraph 2, how does violence relate to playing computer games?A. Beat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce violent behavior.B. When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.C. People who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others.D. The violent content in the games gets children addicted to the games.77. According to the author, why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies?A. Because children cannot tell fiction from reality.B. Because children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground.C. Because computer games can produce more anti-social behavior.D. Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.Section CGift certificates, or rather their high-tech new replacements, gift cards, are America‟s most popular present. They spare gift-givers the tension of choosing anything specific, and receivers the horror of having to keep the result. Retailers like them too, because they are quite profitable. But like most goods in the recession(衰退), they have become harder to shift, prompting some radical redesigns.Gift cards are profitable because retailers receive money for them up from, and around 10% of them are never redeemed (收回), according to Lew Paine of the GFK Group, a market-research firm. When people do use them, they often spend more than the amount given, on products with high margins.But sales of gift cards were down by around 6% last year in America, to about $25 billion, partly because discounts in stores were so steep that customers saw more value in buying products directly. Bankruptcies (破产) among retailers also scared people away from gift cards, for fear that stores would not be around to honour them. Some financial-services companies that offer gift cards which can be used in various stores, including Visa and American Express, came under fire for charging monthly maintenance fees on unspent balances.Analysts expect another tough holiday season for gift cards this year. Sales will be down by about 5%, projects Archstone Consulting, which studies the business. Retailers are trying to counter this decline by making gift cards more attractive. One approach is to add nifty (俏皮的) packaging. Target, for example, is selling gift cards that double as wind-up toys or play recorded greetings. Other retailers have launched schemes that let people e-mail one another electronic gift certificates, which the receivers can then print out for use.Some retailers have even given gift cards away in an effort to drum up business. Neiman Marcus, for example, sent $50 gift cards to big customers to tempt them back for further shopping. Target will give a $l0 gift card to people who spend $l00 before noon on the Friday after Thanksgiving, which is considered the start of the holiday shopping season. Such handouts can be cheaper than sharp store-wide discounts, which proved destructive to profits last year. Expiration dates add a sense of urgency, which retailers are eager to promote.(Note: complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS)78. The reason for the popularity of gift cards to gift-givers is that they don‟t have to worry about _________________________________________________.79. Some financial-services companies that offer gift cards were criticized last year because ___________________________________.80. Give one example of retailers‟ responding to the decline of the sales of giftcards according to the passage.81. Retailers gave out handouts to promote consumption last year, but theirefforts turned out _________________________________.第II 卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 屠呦呦是中国第一个被授予诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
上海市普陀区2017届高三上学期教学质量调研英语试卷 Word版含答案
7. A. The cafeteria isn’t usually so empty.C. The cafeteria is near the library.8. A. She lives close to the man. C. She will turn to her manager.B. She changes her mind at last. D. She declines the man's offer.普陀区2016学年第一学期髙三英语质量调研英语试卷I . ListeningComprehension SectionA 10%Directions ： In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st . B. On February 2nd . C. On February 3rd D. On February 8th .3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B. She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C. Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D. The washing machine should be checked annually.B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria. D. Coffee isn ’t allowed in the library.12. A. Give advice. C. Choose to be a victim. Section B 15%Directions ： In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, andyou will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages andthe conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the bestanswer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B. Because he followed several waiters.C. Because he was a natural motivator.D. Because he seldom had a bad day.B. Tell himself to be in a good mood. D. Accept someone’s complaints.13. A. How to be a unique manager.B. We should be curious about unique people.C. Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D. We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B. They refuse gifts when doing business.C. They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D. They give gifts only on special occasions.15. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B. They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C. They have to follow many specific rules.D. They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B. We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C. We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are basedon the following conversation.17. A. She is enjoying her language study.B. She is enjoying her management study.C. She is not feeling very well at the moment.D. She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats.B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.II.Grammarand vocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of thegiven word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed tohear aboutthe challenges (21) _________ (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) ____________ amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) ________ (use) wheelchairs all their life are two importantmembers ofthe National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) _______________ (raise)awareness aboutdisabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concernis thepeople who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) _______________ disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educatingthe public.Some handicap spots have extra room n ext to them, marked with the “No Parking”signs. “(26)_____ _________ _______ I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5somepeople say. However, the women (27) ________ use a wheelchair disagree to this. Thespace exists toallow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car inthat space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance.(28)_____ it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail istherefor walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, andconsequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack ofeducation. People who (29)______ (infor m) of the rail’s use would be less like ly to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meetingsome of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see thatthere is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physicaldisabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonly once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Could It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutchpainters.However, there are __ 31 ____ whether some paintings attributed (归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known asattributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed therepresentation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraitsknown to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ____ 32 _____ i t could not be awork byRembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ i s dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _____ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing,would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ________ 36 __ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light ____ 37 _____ onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather thanreflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandtwould never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _____ 38 __ that it was painted on apanel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on woodpanels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ____ 40 __ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintingsin the 1930s.III.ReadingComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.Section B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he had to make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dah l’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs$330 $580 Children 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. Tha t’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.IV.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a car eer has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people don n’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.V.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。