作后置定语的短语及非谓语动词的归类
非谓语动词做后置定语的三种形式
非谓语动词做后置定语的三种形式非谓语动词做后置定语是英语语法中的一种常见现象。
在句中，非谓语动词通常作为名词或代词的修饰语，起到补充说明的作用。
非谓语动词常见的三种形式包括动词-ing形式，动词-ed形式以及不定式形式。
下面我们就分别介绍一下这三种形式的用法及注意事项。
动词-ing形式动词-ing形式在句中通常表示一个正在进行的动作，作为名词或代词的后置定语修饰主语或宾语。
例如：1. I saw a woman reading a book in the park.（我在公园里看见一个正在读书的女人。
）2. The boy singing on the stage is my cousin.（在舞台上唱歌的男孩是我的表兄。
）需要注意的是，当动作与主句中的动作同时发生时，动词-ing形式可以与主句的情态动词或其他动词的进行时形式连用。
例如：1. She is always studying hard, trying to get high grades.（她总是努力学习，希望获得高分。
）2. I’m sorry, I can’t talk right now. I’m cooking dinner.（对不起，我现在不能和你聊天。
我正在做饭。
）动词-ed形式动词-ed形式通常表示完成的动作或对主语或宾语造成的影响或结果。
例如：1. The movie bored me. （这部电影让我感到无聊。
）2. The book written by the famous author was really good.（那个著名作家写的书非常好。
）需要注意的是，动词-ed形式还可以用来修饰某些情态动词或助动词，形成被动语态，例如：1. The letter has been written by my secretary.（这封信已经被我的秘书写好了。
）2. The house was built by my grandfather many years ago.（这个房子是我祖父很多年前建造的。
英语四种后置定语的结构
英语四种后置定语的结构
英语的四种后置定语结构包括介词短语、形容词短语、分词短语和不定式短语。
以下是具体的解析：
1.介词短语：介词短语作为后置定语非常常见，通常用来表示被修饰名词的地点、时间、方式、目的等。
例如，“the book on the shelf”中，“on the shelf”就是介词短语作为后置定语，修饰“the book”。
2.形容词短语：形容词短语也可以作为后置定语，通常由形容词和其修饰的名词构成。
例如，“I have a job, easy and well-paid.”中，“easy and well-paid”就是形容词短语作为后置定语，修饰“job”。
3.分词短语：现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以作为后置定语。
现在分词短语表示主动和进行，而过去分词短语表示被动和完成。
例如，“the girl singing in the room”中，“singing in the room”就是现在分词短语作为后置定语，修饰“the girl”。
4.不定式短语：动词不定式加上相关成分也可以构成短语来担任后置定语。
它可以表示未来、目的等含义。
例如，“the decision to leave”中，“to leave”就是不定式短语作为后置定语，修饰“decision”。
英语后置定语
2.形容词短语做修饰语时，往往后置。 例如：
He looked at the street full of cars. 他看着车辆拥挤的街道 Italian is a Language very difficult to learn. 意大利语是一门非常难学的语言。 She has a garden much larger than yours . 她的花园比你的花园大得多。
4、过去分词短语做后置定语 表示被动意义、完成意义或状态意义。 例如： What’s the language spoken in that area? 那个地区讲什么语言？ Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？
5、动词不定式做后置定语：
This is a subject worthy of careful study． 这是一个值得仔细研究的问题
三.单个词做后置定语
（一）某些形容词 （二）副词 （三）某些过去分词
（一）形容词做后置定语
1.以a为词首的形容词 2.以后缀-able 和-ible 结尾的形容词 3.形容词修饰 由any-,every-, some-等跟body, -one,-thing构成的不定代词
1. 英语中有些以a为词首的形容词做定语时，均放在被修饰语 后面。
如： alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等 例：
The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister. 正熟睡的小女孩是我的小妹妹。 He is the greatest writer alive. 他是当代最伟大的作家。
（2）要看关系代词在从句中句法功能 I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语） I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语） I‘d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. （做定语） （3）要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。 He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。 (which指整个主句)
可以作后置定语的各种成分
后置定语一、形容词1、形容词修饰由some-, any-, every-, no- 构成的复合不定代词时，只能作后置定语。
如：（1）There is something unusual in her voice.她的声音有些反常。
（2）They provided us with everything necessary.他们向我们提供了各种必需品。
（3）Is there anything important in the paper?报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（4）There is nothing wrong with your words. 你的话没有错。
2、形容词与介词短语、动词不定式短语或其他附加词连用作定语时，需放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
这类词有：easy（容易的）、difficult（困难的）、impossible （不可能）、different（不同的）、similar（类似的）、equal（相等的）、responsible （负责的）、suitable（合适的）、sufficient（充足的）等。
如：（1）It was a conference fruitful of results.这是一个富有成效的会议。
（2）He is one of the leading members responsible for the work.他是负责这项工作的领导之一。
（3）The girl is married to a man greedy for money.那女孩嫁给了一个贪财的人。
（4）English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master.英语是一门易学而难精通的语言。
注：形容词词组作定语时一般后置，但有些则可以部分前置，部分后置，形成名词修饰语不连续的现象。
如：a. They have facilities comparable to ours. 他们有和我们相同的设备。
英语后置定语
（2）要看关系代词在从句中句法功能 I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语） I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语） I‘d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. （做定语） （3）要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。 He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。 (which指整个主句)
现在分词短语做后置定语，在意义上相当 于一个定语从句。 但在转换时，要注意动词的主语和时态。
例如上述两句可转化为:
They built a highway which led into the mountains. We met a group of pupils who returned from school.
（2）表示主谓关系 被修饰的名词表示逻辑主语 修饰它的动词不定式结构表示逻辑谓语。 例如：
He’s always the first to come. 他总是第一个来。 Among the men to take part in the work, he is probably the most active. 在要参加这项工作的人中，他恐怕是最积极的。
二.短语做后置定语
1、介词短语 2、形容词短语 3 、现在分词短语 4、过去分词短语 5、动词不定式
6、动词不定式复合结构
非谓语动词
7、有些形容词常与某些介词短语搭配
1、介词短语做后置定语 介词短语做后置修饰语
英语后置定语课件
英语后置定语
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（二）副词做后置定语 副词做定语时一般放在名词之后 在意义上表示时间、地点等。 例如：
The weather here is very nice. 这里的天气很好
英语后置定语
17
• 注意： • 动词不定式有时可以代替一个定语从句做后置定语。 • 例如 • (1)Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come) we
will meet again. • 也许在未来的岁月中我们还会再见面。 • (2)She made a list of things to be taken(= which/that
（3）要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。 He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。 (which指整个主句)
英语后置定语
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二.短语做后置定语
• 1、介词短语
• 2、形容词短语
• 3 、现在分词短语
• 4、过去分词短语
成的不定代词
英语后置定语
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• 1. 英语中有些以a为词首的形容词做定语时，均放在被修饰语后 面。
• 如：alone, alike, afraid, aware, ashamed, awake 等 • 例：
• The girl asleep soundly is my younger sister. • 正熟睡的小女孩是我的小妹妹。 • He is the greatest writer alive.
非谓语做后置定语课件
非谓语动词做后置定语具有简洁 、生动的表达效果，能够避免冗 长的从句结构，使句子更加紧凑 。
常见形式
动词不定式做后置定语
过去分词做后置定语
to do形式，表示名词的性质、状态 或动作。例如：The book to read is on the table.
ed形式，表示名词已经完成的动作或 状态。例如：The broken glass is dangerous.
。
不定式做后置定语
总结词
表示目的或结果
详细描述
不定式做后置定语时，可以表示目的或结果，强调某个动 作的目的或结果状态。例如，“the decision to leave” 表示“离开的决定”。
总结词
表示将来时间
详细描述
不定式做后置定语时，可以表示将来的时间，强调某个动 作将在未来发生。例如，“the meeting to take place next week”表示“下周将要举行的会议”。
过去分词做后置定语
总结词
表示受影响状态
详细描述
过去分词做后置定语时，可以表示被 修饰的名词所受到的影响或结果状态 ，强调状态的变化。例如，“the injured player”表示“受伤的球员 ”。
过去分词做后置定语
总结词
表示逻辑关系
详细描述
过去分词做后置定语时，可以表示逻辑上的因果关系或条件关系，强调某个条件或原因 导致的结果。例如，“the man killed in the accident”表示“在事故中丧命的人”
非谓语做后置定语 课件
目 录
• 非谓语动词做后置定语的概述 • 非谓语动词做后置定语的分类 • 非谓语动词做后置定语的用法 • 非谓语动词做后置定语的特殊情况 • 非谓语动词做后置定语的练习与解析
英语后置定语的详细用法
（二）副词做后置定语 副词做定语时一般放在名词之后 在意义上表示时间、地点等。 例如：
The weather here is very nice. 这里的天气很好
People in the world play basketball. （范围）世界上的人们都打篮球。
His love for his country is very great. （动宾）他很热爱自己的国家。
The city of New York is very large. （同位）纽约城很大。
他是当代最伟大的作家。
这些词在有一状语修饰时，也可以做前置定语。
例如：
熟睡的孩子们
the fast asleep children 完全醒着的病人
Fast：紧紧地；彻底地
the wide awake patient 一个有点惊恐的士兵
Wide：充分地
a somewhat afraid soldier
It's the only solution possible. 这是唯一可能采取的解决办法。 Are there any tickets available?还有票吗？ That's the only star visible now.那是颗现在唯一可见的星。
3.形容词修饰 由any-,every-, some-等跟-body, -one,thing构成的 不定代词时，一般放在其后。
（3）表示修饰关系
动词不定式对其修饰的成分起一种描绘阐述作用。
例如：
It’s already time to start planting trees. 已经到了植树的季节。
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作后置定语的短语及非谓语动词的归类一、作后置定语的短语源自于原定语从句。
A、形容词短语A problem (which/that is) difficult to solve.Hard to work out.Easy to handle.An actor (who/that is) famous for his fine acting.As Master.To us all.A rich man (who/that is) content/satisfied/pleased with what he has.A king (who/that is ) proud of his success.=(taking pride in his success.)The student (who/that is ) anxious to keep up with others.A school (which/that is ) far away from here.The house (which/that is ) different from ours.The word (which/that is ) common to most languages.Something (that is) wrong with the watch.(=the matter / the trouble with the watch.) The teacher (who/that is ) responsible for the class.(=in charge of the class.)A basket (which/that is ) full of eggs.(=filled with eggs.)A boy (who/that is) eager to go.(=anxious to go.)A man (who/that is) ready to die for justice.A man (who/that is ) afraid of making enemies.(=afraid to make enemies.)Books (which/that are) easy to digest.A state (which/that is) similar to mine.An opinion (which/that is) contrary to ours.A man (who/that is) often forgetful his promise.Customs (which/that is) peculiar to Japanese.A condition (which/that is) unfavourable to the enterprise.A girl (who/that is) ashamed of playing so badly.A city (which/that is) well-known for its hot spring.B、介词短语a man (who/that is ) of honour.(= an honoured man.= an honorable man )a mountain (which /that is ) of great height (= a very high mountain)a matter (which/that is ) of no importance (= an unimportant matter)a child (who/that is ) without home (= a homeless child)the man (who/that is ) at the door.The book (which/that is) on the desk.The shop (which/that is ) opposite the post office.A man (who/that is) with curly hair.A specialist in chest disease.Anxiety about your safety.Satisfaction with your workInterest in your studyIdeas behind the timesThe man in chargeNo thought about getting marriedNo trouble about smokingA lecture about smokingHis dream about becoming richA proposal about building a bridgeThe news at home and abroadConcern at hearing the newsDisappoint at not having received an invitationPride at meeting Tom againExcitement at hearing the wordThe reason for doing itMedicine for curing foolsC、名词词组和副词词组等a desk (which/that is ) two metres in widethe place (which/that is to the ) east of Chinachildren as young as sevenpeople more than sixtythe men over thereD、后置和前置问题有些形容词作定语时必须后置what else/more do you want to say?= Is there anything else/more you want to say?Nothing else/more.Anywhere quiet.有些形容词作定语时可后置也可前置I have enough money to buy the car.=I have money enough to buy the car.I have just come from the nearby village.=I have just come from the village nearby.Do you see the opposite house?=Do you see the house opposite?而副词作定语只能后置the statement below people inside the bridge thereour life abroad the distance across a day offin January last/next on Friday next on the day followingin time past the trend now the world today and tomorrow而有些词前置或后置时会产生不同意义the concerned (担忧的) mother the mother concerned (有关提到的)the present (现在的) members the members present(在场的)the involved (复杂的) issues the issues involved(牵涉的)the responsible (可靠的) man the man responsible (负责的)二、作后置定语源自于主谓（即实意动词）或主谓宾的定语从句可以缩短成以下五种非谓语动词形式。
五种形式：to do / to be donedoingdone / being doneA、1.to do 和to be done 作为不定式一般都表示尚未发生之事。
We still have a long way to go.=We still have a long way which / that we must go=We still have a long way (for us) to go.He had a lot of words to say to him.=He had a lot of words which/that he would say to him.=He had a lot of words (for him) to say to him.=He had a lot of words which/that would be said to him.=He had a lot of words to be said to him.2.但有例外。
如果先行词为序数词或形容词最高级，定语从句中的动作已发生，缩为非谓语动词时仍用不定式。
He was the first who broke the world record. = He was the first to break the world record.She was always the first who came here and the last who left here.=She was always the first to come here and the last to leave here.Inside the capsule was John Glenn, the first American to sail around the earth in space. China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.In 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize.He was only thirty-four years old--- the youngest man to ever receive this high honour.3.to do 既可以是关系代词作主语也可以是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式。
He is the very man to do the work. = He is the very man who(作主语) can do the work.I have a lot of things to do. = I have a lot of things that/which(作宾语) I must do.= I have a lot of things (for me) to do.4.当to do 是关系代词作宾语的定语从句的省略形式而后带有介词时，就必须考虑关系代词是作动词还是介词的宾语。