美国文学笔记
美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）
美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）History And Anthology of American Literature (V olumeⅠⅡ)美国文学史及选读1、2PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。
在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。
2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portuguese (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。
4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。
6. 船长约翰?史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th 早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes, myths, images, scenes, character and events,吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前往lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.7. 美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”.8. 他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”.9. 他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。
最全美国文学史笔记英文版(按时间顺序)
New England Poets
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨 利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗 1807-1882
The Song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night 夜吟;Ballads and Other Poems 民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems 布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn 路边客栈的故事--诗集：An April Day 四月的一天;A Psalm of Life 生命礼赞/Paul Revere‟s Ride 保罗· 里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline 伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish 迈尔 斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery 奴役篇---反蓄奴组 诗 Twice-told Tales; Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔: The Scarlet Letter 红 字 ;The House of the Seven Gables 有 七 个 尖 角 阁 的 房 子 ;The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇;The Marble Faun 玉石雕像; “Young Goodman Brown” “The Minister‟s Black Veil”; “ The Birthmark”,”Rappaccini‟s Daughter”; “The Maypole of Merry Mount” Typee 泰比 ;Omoo 奥穆 ;Mardi 玛地 ;Redburn 雷得本 ;White Jacket 白外 衣 ;Pierre 皮 尔 埃 ; Moby Dick;The Confidence Man; Billy Budd; Clarel( long poem) Leaves of Grass 草叶集 :Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌 ;I Hear America Singing 我 听 见 美 洲 在 歌 唱 ;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom‟d;Democratic Vistas 民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question 流浪汉 和罢工问题;Song of Myself 自我之歌 “My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close”; “Because I could not stop for death”;” Wild Nights-Wild Nights” Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque 怪诞奇异故事集; The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym(one full-length novel); Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-Told Tales “MS.Found in a Bottle”; “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”; “The Fall of the House of Usher”/”The Cask of Amontillado”/ “Ligeia”/ “The Purloined Letter”/”Black Cat”/ “The Imp of the Perverse”/”The Gold Bug”/ ◆ ”The Philosophy of Composition”/”The Poetic Principle”,”Annabel Lee”/”The Raven”/”To Helen” Part 4. The age of Realism(1865-1914) Little Women 小妇人; Little Men 小绅士; Good Wives 好妻子; Jo‟s Boys 乔的孩 子 The Rise of Silas Lapham 赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;Their Wedding Journey 他们 的蜜月之旅; A Modern Instance 现代婚姻; A Chance Acquaintance; A Hazard of Now Fortunes 时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia 从利他国来的旅客; Criticism and Fiction; A World of Chance; Annie Kilburn;
美国文学大三版笔记
Chapter 1. The literature of colonial America (1590-1750)(1) Cultural background:<1> Early in 17th cen., most of the settlers in North America were the puritans who wanted to avoid the religious persecution of the Church of England and seek religious freedom in the new land.☆Puritans -- a ―would-be purifier‖, a radical sect of the Protestant reformers who wanted to purify the religious beliefs and practices of the Church of England, that is, restore simplicity to church services and restore the authority of the Bible to theology净化宗教观念，简化仪式Thus they suffered fierce persecution and attack from the Church of England. In orderto avoid such persecution, they fled to the American Continente.g. the Mayflower 1620 in PlymouthThe founding myth 美国的建国神话They regarded themselves as the chosen people and were sent to the America by Godin order to create a New world (a new Garden of Eden) in the America. By doing so,they can get the chance of salvation. (optimism/ idealism)in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America, they became more and more practical.They were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinate their whole way of life. The Puritans in New England practiced theocracy神权政治Their way of life were based on their somber religion and stressed hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety（节制）They opposed arts and pleasure. They suspect joy and laughter as symptoms of sin. In people’s daily life, religious activities were a matter of first importance and all others should serve the religion.<4>Their practices and beliefs (American Puritanism)greatly influenced the literature of this period (e.g. practical matter-of-fact accounts of life in the new world; highly theoretical discussions of religious questions)(2) Major works and writers:<1> The first writings in American literature were the narratives and journals of the early colonial settlements, which helped to lure more Europeans, especially the Puritans to seek fortune or religious freedom in the new continent<2> John Smith wrote about the exploration in A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony《关于弗吉尼亚的真实描述》and became the first American Writer.<3> Poetry:Anne Bradstreet ’s The Tenth Muse Recently Sprung Up in America----the first poetess in AmericaChapter 2. The literature of Reason and Revolution (1750-1810)While theology dominated the writings of the colonial times, politics政治论辩permeated the writing of the Revolution period.<1>Background:{1} political backgroundIndustrial Revolution: spurred the economy in American colonies.Independence War: Around the war, many political writings were written to support and defendAmerican independence and democracy.{2} Cultural backgroundThe Enlightenment启蒙运动a literary movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe in 18th century. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality, equality & science &human beings’ability to perfect themselves and their society. What’s more, they believed that man is basically good and free by nature, endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.While in America the humanistic ideas of the movement dealt a heavy blow to Puritanism in advocating science, knowledge and the power and ability of man. It brought to life secular education and literature. The Enlightenment had also influenced the literature of that period(1) form a style of clarity and precision.(2) its secular ideals (the possibilities of human progress, man has the rights to pursue equality, liberty, and the happiness) are reflected in the writingsE.g. Franklin. (P16 )<2> Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)(1) Life achievement:He was born into a poor candle-maker’s family. He had very little education. He learned in school only for two years, but by self-improvement and self-reliance, he made a great fortune and did lots of contribution to the society.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in his life and career. (2)Important works:Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书:An annual collection of proverbs. Franklin’s pragmatism （实用主义, how to make fortune by efforts & sense of humor are fully demonstrated in this work.E.g. God help them that help themselves. No man was glorious, who was not laborious.The Autobiography自传:(1) It not only narr ates Franklin’s early life, but his life principles and philosophy.(2) sets autobiography as a literary genre in American literature.(3) Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment ofthe American dream which inspired generations of Americans.Recording his story form rags to riches by self-reliance and self-improvement (for example, Franklin’s 13 virtues), the book demonstrated F’s belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities where people can gain success through hard work and wise management (American Dream--- one important theme in American literature)He was the first positive representation of the values of the American Dream.<3> Philip FreneauHe anticipated the American literary independence, so he is widely acclaimed as“Father of American Poetry”美国诗歌之父(P44)(2)Writing style:Subject: treat the indigenous本土的wild life and other native American subjects(e.g. The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地The Wild Honeysuckle 野忍冬花) Diction: natural, simple and concrete(3) The Wild Honey Suckle 野忍冬花[1]By celebrating the beauty of the frail forest flower{1}the poet expresses his keen awareness of the liveliness and transience of nature, thus showing his deep love for natural beauty, which was the characteristic of romantic poets.{2} And also his own understanding about mortality/ death ( life and death are inevitable law of nature. )[2]The tone of the poem is both sentimental and optimistic. First, he showed his pity and sorrow, for extending the fate of the flower to the fate of all the creatures in the nature, including our human beings. However, at the end of the poem, F was sensible enough to realize the truth underlying the nature, ie. Death and life are inevitable law, therefore, we need accept the death peacefully and bravely.Chapter 3 American Romanticism (1810-1860 civil war)<1> Time Range: (the 1st half of 19th century)From the end of the 18th century (after the War for Independence) through the outbreak of the Civil War.<2> Literary characteristics of this period : (p 57)American literature in this period was not a servant of religious and politics. Novels,short stories, and poems replaced the sermons and manifestos as American’s principalliterary forms. In a word, the literature at this age flourished and developed its ownnative features & gained literary independence in the real sense.II. Pre-Romanticism1. Washington Irving 欧文(1783--1859)<1> the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame.<2> The Sketch Book《见闻札记》became the first work by an American writer to win financial and critical success on both sides of the Atlantic。
美国文学笔记
1. What dominated the writings of the revolution ?Joel Barlow Hasty PuddingBartram’s TravelsBenjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanack The Autobiography Thomas Paine The American Crisis The Federalist Common SenseThomas Jefferson Note on the State of VirginiaThe Declaration of IndependencePhilip Freneau The Wild Honey-SuckleThe Indian Burying GroundTo a Gaty-Did2. What’s the reason for Franklin’s success?Why do people regard Franklin as one who best exemplifies the American Enlightenment? Franklin is the only good American author before the Revolutionary War.1) He wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First American." a world-renowned scientist, diplomat, philosopher, and writer. He perfected the smooth, clear, short sentences of the Puritan plain style.2)His contribution to AmericanA. Found the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas.⏹B. Established America’s first circulating library, founded thecollege — University of Pennsylvania.⏹C. first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” toelectrical charges.⏹D. As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain tocounsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association with England. He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war.⏹E. As an author he had power of expression, simplicity, a subtlehumor, sarcastic.3. Why is Freneau considered as “Father of American Poetry ”?Philip Freneau is perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period. He is a poet and also a political journalist in the transitional age of the revolution. He was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit. He was also at once a satirist and a sentimentalist, a humanitarian but also a bitter polemicist.His major themes are death, nature, transition, and the human innature. All of these themes become important in 19th century writing.4. What’s the author’s attitude toward death?we consider death as soul’s eternal sleep, just as the poem saying “the posture, that we give the dead, points out the soul’s eternal sleep.”Death is not the end., it “can only mean that life is spent, and not the old ideas gone”.Each person’s existence will have different evidences to prove it, whether this or that. Once appeared in the earth, people’s thinking, activities or even words were existed. They won’t disappear forever.。
美国文学笔记整理完整版专八人文知识
美国文学笔记整理完整版1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism）Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence （启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almana c穷查理历书；Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道；1706-1790 The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点)托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册）Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命）The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832 The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1. 早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉) Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦)The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851 The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel）The Pioneer拓荒者（the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人（主角：Natty Bumppo纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2. 超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书manifestoRalf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882 Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days日子-首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862 Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑subject: human soul first great American writer of fiction 象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸（first American prose epic史诗）1819-1891 Typee泰比Omoo奥穆Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣Pierre皮尔埃; Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass草叶集（the birth of truly American poetry and the end ofromanticism）(共和圣经Democratic Bible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892 Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash,主题love, nature, death, immortality; 语言plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I’m Nobody. Who Are You?我是无名小卒。
美国文学笔记
美文学美国部分——浪漫主义时期Part two: American LiteratureChapter 1 The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期1. From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Le aves of Grass. It is also called “the American Renaissance”.浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末，到内战爆发为止，华盛顿.欧文出版的《见闻札记》标志着美国文学的开端，惠特曼的《草叶集》是浪漫主义时期文学的压卷之作。
（也可称为“美国德文艺复兴”）2. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.对逃离社会，回归自然的渴求成为美国文学的一个永恒的话题。
3. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.美国清教作为一种文化遗产，对美国人的道德观念产生了很大的影响。
4.Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers. 在霍桑，麦尔维尔以及其他一些小作家的作品种加尔文主义的原罪思想和罪恶的神秘性都得到了充分的表现。
美国文学笔记完整版专八人文知识.docx
美国文学笔记整理完整版1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism ）Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence（启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard ’s Almana c 穷查理历书；Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道；1706-1790The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点 )托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets ）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册）Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命）The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人 a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言 Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18 世纪末 -19 世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1.早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉)Washington Irving以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第 1 个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔( 李伯大梦 )The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel ）The Pioneer 拓荒者（ the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans 最后的莫希干人（主角： Natty Bumppo纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2.超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书 manifestoRalf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days 日子 - 首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden 瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑subject: human soul first great Americanwriter of fiction象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸（first American proseepic 史诗）1819-1891Typee泰比Omoo 奥穆Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣Pierre皮尔埃;Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass 草叶集（the birth of truly American poetryand the end of romanticism）(共和圣经 Democratic Bible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash, 主题love, nature, death, immortality;语言 plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I ’ m Nobody. Who Are You? 我是无名小卒。
美国文学笔记整理完整版-专八人文知识
美国文学笔记整理完整版1607-1776北美殖民时期Colonial Settlements约翰·史密斯美国文学史上第一个作家John Smith A Ture Relation of Virginia《关于费吉尼亚的真实叙述》（美国文学第一本书）乔纳森·爱德华兹清教徒主义作家（Puritanism）Jonathan Edwards1776-1783独立革命时期Revolution of Independence （启蒙运动）本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；Benjamin Franklin The Way to Wealth致富之道；1706-1790 The Autobiography自传(记录作者从穷到成功的经历，“美国梦”反映，体现启蒙倡导的理性主义和有序、教育的观点)托马斯·潘恩美国独立之父the father of American revolutionThomas Paine Common Sense常识（独立战争宣传册revolutionary pamphlets）1737-1809American Crisis美国危机（鼓励人民抵抗英军，共16小册）Rights of Man人的权利（支持法国革命）The Age of Reason理性时代（基督给他名誉带来的影响）菲利普·弗伦诺独立诗人a poet of the American Revolution，美国诗歌之父Philip Freneau The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲1752-1832 The British Prison Ship英国囚船The Wild Honey suckle野生的金银花The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士--同类诗中最佳托马斯·杰斐逊独立宣言Declaration of IndependenceThomas Jefferson18世纪末-19世纪中后浪漫主义时期Romanticism1. 早期浪漫主义华盛顿·欧文美国文学之父father of American Literature(为美国文学第一次赢得世界声誉)Washington Irving 以笔记小说和历史传厅闻名，humor1783-1859 The Sketch Book见闻札记（标志浪漫主义开始）A History of New York纽约史---美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；----The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说---成为美国第1个获国际声誉作家-----Rip Van Winkle里普·万·温克尔(李伯大梦)The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀frontier novel边疆传奇小说sea novelJames Fenimore Cooper The Spy间谍（独立战争间谍对抗英国）1789-1851 The Pilot领航者（sea novel）Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五步曲（frontier novel）The Pioneer拓荒者（the first true romance of the frontier in American literatureThe Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人（主角：Natty Bumppo 纳蒂班波）The Prairie大草原The Pathfinder探路者The Deerslayer杀鹿者2. 超验主义New England Transcendentalism拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书manifesto Ralf Waldo Emerson The American Scholar论美国学者;1803-1882 Self-reliance论自立The Transcendentalist超验主义者Representative Men代表人物School Address神学院演说Days日子-首开自由诗之先河free verse亨利·大卫·梭罗Walden瓦尔登湖Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河和梅里麦克河上的一周1817-1862 Civil Disobedience论公民之不服从纳撒尼尔·霍桑subject: human soul first great American writer of fiction 象征主义大师Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter红字1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子The Marble Faun玉石雕像The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇Young Goodman Brown年轻的布朗The Birthmark胎记赫尔曼·迈尔维尔擅长航海奇遇和异域风情Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale白鲸（first American prose epic史诗）1819-1891 Typee泰比Omoo奥穆Mardi玛地White Jacket白外衣Pierre皮尔埃; Billy Budd比利·巴德沃尔特·惠特曼Father of free verse自由诗之父Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass草叶集（the birth of truly American poetry and the endof romanticism）(共和圣经Democratic Bible美国史诗American Epic)1819-1892 Song of Myself自我之歌Democratic Vistas民主的前景埃米莉·迪金森她的诗大量破折号dash,主题love, nature, death, immortality; 语言plain, brevity, directEmily Dickinson This is My Letter to the World这是我给世界的一封信1830-1886I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died我死时听到一只苍蝇叫Because I could not Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神I’m Nobody. Who Are You?我是无名小卒。
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美国文学第一章浪慢主义时期一、学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解19世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对同时代和后时期美国文学的影响；了解该时期主要作家的的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
二、课程内容（一）美国浪慢主义时期概述 1.美国浪慢主义时期概述（1）清教主义思想（2）新英格兰超验主义2.美国浪慢主义在文学上的表现（1）欧洲浪慢主义文学的影响（2）美国本士文学的崛起及其特征（二）美国浪慢主义时期的主要作家A.华盛顿欧文1.欧文的生平2.欧文的创作生涯（1）《纽约外史》（2）《见闻札记》3.欧文的创作领域、创作思想，及其作品的艺术风格4.选读《瑞普凡温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色B.拉尔夫华尔多爱默生1.爱默生的生平及创作生涯2.爱默生的超验主义思想3.爱默生的散文：《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等4.爱默生与梭罗：梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》5.选读《论自然》节选：爱默生的基本哲学思想及自然观C.纳撒尼尔霍桑1.霍桑的生平及创作生涯2.霍桑的长篇小说3.霍桑的短篇小说4.《红字》（1）主题（2）心理描写(3)象征手法(4)小说结构5.清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的"原罪"对霍桑的影响6.霍桑对浪慢主义小说的贡献7.选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色D.华尔特惠特曼1.惠特曼的生平及其创作生涯2.惠特曼的民主思想3.惠特曼的民主思想（1）主创意图（2）思想感情及诗体形式4.惠特曼的个人主义5.选读《草叶集》诗选："一个孩子的成长"、"涉水的骑兵"、"自己之歌"：主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格E.赫尔曼麦尔维尔1.麦尔维尔生平及创作生涯2.麦尔维尔的早期作品：《皮埃尔》《骗子的化装表演》《比利伯德》等3.《白鲸》（1）主题：表层及深层意义（2）小说结构：浪慢主义和现实主义的统一（3）象征手法和寓言的运用（4）语言特色4.选读《白鲸》最后一章的节选：主题思想、人物刻画、象征手法、语言特色三、考核知识点（一）美国浪慢主义时期概述（二）美国浪慢主义时期主要作家的生平、文学生涯、创作思想及重要作品的主要思想、人物刻画、语言风格等1.华盛顿欧文2.拉尔夫华尔多爱默生3.纳撒尼尔霍桑4.华尔特惠特曼5.赫尔慢麦尔维尔四、考核要求（一）浪慢主义时期概述1.识记：（1）浪慢主义时期限的界定（2）历史文化背景2.领会：浪慢主义时期美国文学的特点3.应用：清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗篇名词的解释（二）该时期的主要作家1.一般识记：主要作家的文学生涯2.识记：主要作家的主要作品及内容3.领会：主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、艺术手法、社会意义等4.应用：（1）爱默生的超验主义思想及他的自然观（2）《小伙子布朗》中的寓言和象征：霍桑的清教思想和他人性本"恶"的观点（3）麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义（4）惠特曼《草叶集》的结构、主题、语言特色第二章现实主义时期一、学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解美国19世纪中期现实主义文学产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学的基本特征、基本主张，及其对同时代中期美国文学的影响；了解该时期的主要作家的文学创作生涯、人生观及价值观及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
二、课程内容（一）现实主义时期概述1.美国现实主义文学产生的社会和文化背景（1）美国南北战争（2）威廉迪安豪威尔斯：美国现实主义文学的先驱（3）达尔文主义和法国小说家佐拉影响2.美国现实主义时期的文学（1）占主导地位的美国现实主义小说（2）现实主义文学中的地方色彩小说（3）现实主义文学中的自然主义倾向（4）现实主义文学和自然主义倾向之异（二）美国现实主义时期的主要作家A.马克吐温1.马克吐温的生平及创作生涯2.马克吐温的主要作品《汤姆索亚历险记》《哈克贝里费恩历险记》《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》3.马克吐温的早期和后期作品4.马克吐温作品中的地方色彩5.马克吐温的幽默6.马克吐温的语言特色7.选读《哈克贝里费恩》第三十一章：主题结构、人物刻画、语言特色B.亨利詹姆斯1.詹姆斯的早期作品《黛西米勒》《一个美国人》《贵女妇人的画像》》欧洲人》2.詹姆斯的中期的作品《波士顿人》《螺丝在拧紧》《丛林猛兽》3.詹姆斯的后期作品《专使》《鸽翼》《金碗》4.詹姆斯的小说艺术特色："视角"与心理分析5.詹姆斯的文艺理论著作：《小说的艺术》6.詹姆斯的"现实主义"7.选读《黛西米勒》第一章：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格C.艾米莉狄金森1.狄金森的生平及创作生涯2.狄金森的诗歌（1)狄金森有关"永恒"主题的诗（2）狄金森的爱情诗（3）狄金森的自然诗3.狄金森诗歌的创新和艺术特色4.狄金森诗歌441、465、585和712首：结构、主题、语言特色2.达尔文主义与德莱塞作品中的自然主义倾向3.德莱塞的主要作品《嘉丽妹妹》《珍妮姑娘》《美国的悲剧》4.德莱塞小说的语言风格5.选读《嘉丽妹妹》的最后一章节选：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格三、考核知识点（一）美国现实主义时期概述及达尔文主义、法国自然主义作家对美国19世纪文学的影响（二）该时期主要作家的生平、创作生涯，及主要作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格等1.马克吐温2.亨利詹姆斯3.艾米莉狄金森4.西奥多德莱塞四、考核要求（一）现实主义时期的概述1.识记：（1）现实主义时期的界定（2）历史文化背景2.领会：（1）现实主义时期文学的特点（2）达尔文主义、法国自然主义作家的主张以及对现实主义时期美国文学的影响。
（3）现实主义与自然主义的倾向的异同3.应用：现实主义、达尔文主义、自然主义、地方色彩主义等名词解释（二）该时期的主要作家1.一般识记：主要作家的文学生涯2.识记：主要作家的作品及其内容3.领会：主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色、语言风格、艺术手法、社会意义等4.应用：（1）现实主义与自然主义倾向在美国19世纪小说中的反映（2）哈克的性格的分析及其社会意义（3）《黛西米勒》的主题和主要人物的性格分析（4）狄金森诗歌的主题结构及艺术特色第三章现代时期一、学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，了解20世纪初期至中叶美国现代文学产生的历史、文化等背景，认识该时期文学的创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对当代美国文学发展的影响；了解该时期主要作家的文学生涯、创作意图、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色。
二、课程内容（一）两次世界大战期间的美国文学1.两次世界大战期间美国文学产生的历史及文化背景（1）两次世界大战（2）移居国外的美国人（3）马克思主义理论和弗洛伊德学说（4）欧洲现代派艺术2.两次世界大战期间的美国文学（1）诗歌：意象派诗人；象征主义（2）小说："迷惘的一代"（3）戏剧：表现主义（二）战后美国文学1.战后美国文学产生的历史及文化背景2.战后美国文学（1）诗歌："垮掉的一代"等（2）小说："黑人小说、犹太人小说、实验小说（荒诞派小说）等（3）美国现代文学多元代的现象（三）美国现代化文学写作手法的创新（四）美国现代时期的主要作家A.埃兹拉庞德1.庞德的生平和创作生涯2.庞德与意象主义3.庞德与中国文化4.庞德的诗歌理论及艺术特色5.庞德的诗歌(1)短诗:《地铁站一瞥》（2）长诗：《诗章》6.选读《地铁一瞥》《盟约》《河南的妻子》：主题、意象、语言B.罗伯特弗洛斯特1.弗洛斯特的生平及创作生涯2.弗洛斯特的诗歌：田园诗；自然诗3.弗洛斯特诗歌的艺术特色4.弗洛斯特的讨论5.选读《摘苹果后》《未选择的路》《雪夜停马在林边》：主题、象征与比喻、语言2.奥尼尔的戏剧（1）早期的作品：独慕剧；多幕剧《天外边》（2）中期作品：《琼斯皇帝》《伟大之神布朗》《毛猿》--表现主义和象征主义的力作（3）后斯作品：《直到夜晚的漫长一天》--自传体戏剧3.奥尼尔戏剧的悲观主义和神秘主义色彩4.奥尼尔戏剧艺术特色5.选读《毛猿》第八场：主题结构、表现主义和象征主义行法、语言特色D.司各特菲兹杰拉德1.菲兹杰拉德的生平及创作生涯2.菲兹杰拉德与"爵士时代"3.主要作品（1）短篇小说：《舞士时代的故事》（2）中、长篇小说：《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》《最后一个巨头》4.《了不起的盖茨比》与"美国梦"5.菲兹杰拉德的小说艺术6.选读《了不起的盖茨比》第三章：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格E.欧内斯特海明威1.海明威的生平与创作生涯2.海明威与"迷惘的一代"3.海明威的主要作品（1）短篇小说集：《在我们的时代里》--涅克的故事（2）长篇小说：《太阳照样升起》《永别了，武器》《丧钟为谁而鸣》《老人与海》4.海明威小说的艺术特色："硬汉"形象、"重压下的风度"、"冰山"原则等5.选读《在我们的时代里》选篇：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格F.威廉福克纳1.福克纳的生平及创作生涯2.福克纳垢"约克纳怕塔法"神话王国3.福克纳的主要作品（1）中、短篇小说：《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》《老人》《熊》等（2）长篇小说：《喧嚣与骚动》《八月之光》《我弥留之际》《押沙龙，押沙龙！》4.福克纳小说的艺术特色："意识流"、"内心独白"、"时序颠倒"、"对位式结构"、"象征陷喻"等5.福克纳的文体6.福克纳与美国南方文学7.选读《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格三、考核知识点（一）美国现代时期概述：两次世界大战期间美国文学和战后美国文学产生的历史及文化背景（二）美国现代文学的主要作家的生平、文学生涯、创作思想及主要作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言风格等1.庞德2.弗洛斯特3.奥尼尔4.菲兹杰拉德5.海明威6.福克纳四、考核要求（一）现代时期概述1.识记：（1）两次世界大战期间美国文学和战后美国文学的界定（2）历史文化背景2.领会：（1）美国现代文学的特征（2）欧洲现代艺术、马克思主义、弗洛伊德学说等的意义及对美国现代文学产生的影响 3.应用："迷惘的一代"、意象派诗歌、表现主义意识流等名词的解释（二）该时期的主要作家1.一般识记：主要作家的文学生涯2.识记：主要作家的主要作品及主要内容3.领会：主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、艺术特色、社会意义等4.应用：（1）意象派诗歌的艺术特色（2）弗洛斯特的自然诗（3）《了不起的盖茨比》的主题意义和主要人物的性格分析（4）海明威小说的艺术特色（5）艾米莉的人物性格分析（6）"荒原"意识在美国20世纪文学中的反映。